JP5313974B2 - Powder metallurgy composition containing carbon black as a flow enhancer - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy composition containing carbon black as a flow enhancer Download PDFInfo
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- JP5313974B2 JP5313974B2 JP2010176310A JP2010176310A JP5313974B2 JP 5313974 B2 JP5313974 B2 JP 5313974B2 JP 2010176310 A JP2010176310 A JP 2010176310A JP 2010176310 A JP2010176310 A JP 2010176310A JP 5313974 B2 JP5313974 B2 JP 5313974B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
本発明は、鉄ベース（ｉｒｏｎ−ｂａｓｅｄ）粉末冶金組成物に関する。特に、本発明は、流動性を改良し、見かけの密度も改良する流動剤を含有する組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to an iron-based powder metallurgy composition. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions containing a flow agent that improves fluidity and also improves apparent density.
粉末冶金組成物は、粉末冶金部品を製造するためによく知られている。粉末冶金部品の製造には、成形工具中に粉末を充填すること、粉末の成形（ｃｏｍｐａｃｔｉｏｎ）、及び続く成形物体の焼結が含まれる。粉末を充填するための必要条件は、粉末が自由流動性で充分な流動性を有することである。製造コストを低下し、製造される各部品について一層よい経済性を与える大きな製造速度を得るためには、粉末が大きな流動度をもつことが必須である。 Powder metallurgy compositions are well known for producing powder metallurgy parts. The manufacture of powder metallurgy parts includes filling the powder in a forming tool, compacting the powder, and subsequent sintering of the molded object. A necessary condition for filling the powder is that the powder is free-flowing and has sufficient fluidity. It is essential that the powder has a high fluidity in order to reduce manufacturing costs and obtain a large production rate that gives better economics for each part produced.
効率的で経済的な製造に必須の別の要因は、見かけの密度である。見かけ密度は、工具の設計には不可欠である。見かけ密度が低い粉末は、充填高さを高くする必要があり、そのことは余計に高いプレス工具を要する結果になり、このことが今度は成形ストロークを一層長くし、プレス性能を低くする結果になるであろう。 Another factor essential to efficient and economical production is apparent density. Apparent density is essential for tool design. Powders with a low apparent density require a higher filling height, which results in an extra high pressing tool, which in turn results in a longer forming stroke and lower press performance. It will be.
流動性の改良剤は既に知られている。例えば、米国特許第３，３５７，８１８号明細書は珪酸をこの目的に用いることができることを開示している。米国特許第５，７８２，９５４号明細書には、金属、金属酸化物、又は酸化珪素を流動剤として用いることができることが開示されている。 Fluidity improvers are already known. For example, US Pat. No. 3,357,818 discloses that silicic acid can be used for this purpose. US Pat. No. 5,782,954 discloses that metals, metal oxides, or silicon oxides can be used as flow agents.
本発明の目的は、流動性及び見かけ密度のような改良された粉末特性を有する粉末冶金組成物を与えることにある。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a powder metallurgy composition having improved powder properties such as flowability and apparent density.
鉄ベース粉末組成物に少量のカーボンブラックを添加することにより、その粉末組成物の性質を改良することができることが図らずも発見された。更に、調節された量のカーボンブラックを添加しても、新規な鉄ベース組成物から製造された圧粉体及び焼結部品の性質を悪化することはなく、それらの性質が改良されることさえある。 It has been unexpectedly discovered that the properties of the powder composition can be improved by adding a small amount of carbon black to the iron-based powder composition. Furthermore, the addition of controlled amounts of carbon black does not worsen the properties of the green compacts and sintered parts made from the new iron-based composition, and even improves their properties. is there.
本発明の詳細な記述
一般に粉末冶金組成物は、鉄又は鉄ベース粉末及び潤滑剤を含む。それら組成物は、結合剤、黒鉛、及び他の合金用元素を含んでいてもよい。硬質相材料、液相形成材料、及び機械加工性向上剤を含有させてもよい。
Detailed Description of the Invention In general, powder metallurgy compositions comprise iron or iron-based powders and a lubricant. The compositions may contain binders, graphite, and other alloying elements. A hard phase material, a liquid phase forming material, and a machinability improver may be included.
鉄ベース粉末は、水噴霧鉄粉末、還元鉄粉末、予め合金化した鉄ベース粉末、又は拡散合金化鉄ベース粉末のようなどのような種類の鉄ベース粉末からなっていてもよい。そのような粉末は、例えば、鉄粉末ＡＢＣ１００．２９、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、及びＭｏを含む拡散合金化した鉄ベース粉末ディスタロイ（Ｄｉｓｔａｌｏｙ）ＡＢ、Ｃｒ及びＭｏと予め合金化した鉄ベース粉末アスタロイ（Ａｓｔａｌｏｙ）ＣｒＭ及びアスタロイＣｒＬであり、それらは全てスウェーデンのヘガネス（Ｈｏｅｇａｎａｅｓ）ＡＢから入手することができる。 The iron base powder may consist of any type of iron base powder such as water spray iron powder, reduced iron powder, pre-alloyed iron base powder, or diffusion alloyed iron base powder. Such powders are, for example, iron-based powders Astalloy prealloyed with diffusion-alloyed iron-based powders Distalloy AB, Cr and Mo containing iron powder ABC100.29, Cu, Ni and Mo. CrM and Astaloy CrL, all available from Hoeganaes AB, Sweden.
本発明による鉄ベース粉末組成物中のカーボンブラックの量は、０．００１重量％〜０．２重量％、好ましくは０．０１〜０．１％である。カーボンブラックの一次粒径は、好ましくは２００ｎｍより小さく、一層好ましくは１００ｎｍより小さく、最も好ましくは５０ｎｍより小さい。比表面積は、ＢＥＴ法で測定して、好ましい態様として、１５０〜１０００ｍ２／ｇである。しかし、他の比表面積及び一次粒径を有する他の種類のカーボンブラックを使用することもできる。 The amount of carbon black in the iron-based powder composition according to the present invention is 0.001% to 0.2% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.1%. The primary particle size of carbon black is preferably less than 200 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, and most preferably less than 50 nm. A specific surface area is 150-1000 m < 2 > / g as a preferable aspect, as measured by the BET method. However, other types of carbon black having other specific surface areas and primary particle sizes can also be used.
カーボンブラックは、通常ゴム材料中の充填剤及び着色顔料として用いられている。それは、その電気伝導度のために、静電気を減少させるための製品にも用いられている。鉄又は鉄ベース粉末と一緒にしたカーボンブラックは、米国特許第６，６０２，３１５号明細書に記載されている。この特許は、合金用粉末を結合剤により鉄ベース粉末に結合し、それにカーボンブラックを添加してもよい組成物を開示している。米国特許第６，６０２，３１５号明細書は、カーボンブラックの含有量、粒径、又は効果については何も記載しておらず、単に結合材料に関係があるだけである。特許出願ＪＰ７−１５７８３８にもカーボンブラックを含有する粉末組成物が記載されている。そこでのカーボンブラックの目的は、基礎材料の脱酸素を行うことにある。 Carbon black is usually used as a filler and coloring pigment in rubber materials. It is also used in products for reducing static electricity due to its electrical conductivity. Carbon black combined with iron or iron-based powder is described in US Pat. No. 6,602,315. This patent discloses a composition in which the alloying powder may be bonded to the iron-based powder by a binder and carbon black may be added thereto. U.S. Patent No. 6,602,315 does not describe anything about carbon black content, particle size, or effect, but merely relates to the bonding material. Patent application JP7-157838 also describes a powder composition containing carbon black. The purpose of carbon black there is to deoxygenate the basic material.
本発明による組成物は、黒鉛、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ、Ｖ、Ｍｏ、Ｐ、Ｗ、Ｓ、及びＮｂからなる群から選択された合金用元素を含んでいてもよい。 The composition according to the present invention may comprise an alloying element selected from the group consisting of graphite, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Si, V, Mo, P, W, S, and Nb.
粉末の圧縮性を増大し、圧粉体部品の放出を促進するため、潤滑剤又は異なった潤滑剤の組合せを粉末冶金組成物に添加してもよい。潤滑剤は粒状粉末として存在させてもよく、或は鉄ベース粉末の表面に結合させてもよい。溶媒に溶解した結合剤を添加し、次にその溶媒を蒸発させることにより、潤滑剤を鉄ベース粉末の表面に結合させてもよい。結合剤は、鉄ベース粉末の周りに膜を形成する能力を有するその自然の液体状態で添加してもよい。それに代わる別の方法は、潤滑剤の融点より高いか、又は潤滑剤成分の少なくとも一種類の融点より高く組成物を加熱し、次にその組成物を融点より低い温度へ冷却することにより潤滑剤を結合剤として用いることである。 A lubricant or a combination of different lubricants may be added to the powder metallurgy composition to increase the compressibility of the powder and promote the release of the green compact part. The lubricant may be present as a granular powder or may be bound to the surface of the iron base powder. The lubricant may be bound to the surface of the iron-based powder by adding a binder dissolved in a solvent and then evaporating the solvent. The binder may be added in its natural liquid state with the ability to form a film around the iron-based powder. Another alternative is to heat the composition above the melting point of the lubricant, or above the melting point of at least one of the lubricant components, and then cool the composition to a temperature below the melting point. Is used as a binder.
潤滑剤は、脂肪酸、エチレンビスステアルアミド（ＥＢＳ）のようなアミドワックス、又は金属ステアリン酸塩のような他の脂肪酸誘導体、ポリエチレンのようなポリアルキレン、ポリグリコール、アミド重合体、又はアミドオリゴマーからなる群から選択することができる。潤滑剤は、ポリアルキレン、アミドワックス、アミド重合体、又はアミドオリゴマーからなる群から選択されるのが好ましい。 Lubricants include fatty acids, amide waxes such as ethylene bisstearamide (EBS), or other fatty acid derivatives such as metal stearates, polyalkylenes such as polyethylene, polyglycols, amide polymers, or amide oligomers. Can be selected from the group consisting of The lubricant is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyalkylenes, amide waxes, amide polymers, or amide oligomers.
結合剤は、セルロースエステル樹脂、高分子量熱可塑性フェノール樹脂、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース樹脂、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される。結合剤は、セルロースエステル樹脂及びヒドロキシアルキルセルロース樹脂の群から選択されるのが好ましい。 The binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester resins, high molecular weight thermoplastic phenol resins, hydroxyalkyl cellulose resins, and mixtures thereof. The binder is preferably selected from the group of cellulose ester resins and hydroxyalkyl cellulose resins.
他の可能な添加剤は、機械加工性改良剤、硬質相材料、及び液相形成剤である。 Other possible additives are machinability improvers, hard phase materials, and liquid phase formers.
好ましい態様に従い、カーボンブラックを結合混合物、即ち、例えば合金用元素粒子の微細な粉末が、鉄又は鉄ベース粉末粒子の表面に結合剤により結合した混合物中の流動剤として用いる。なぜなら、これらの混合物は屡々流動性がよくないからである。カーボンブラックは、結合混合物中に用いる場合、結合操作が行われた後に添加するのが好ましい。結合操作は、混合中の混合物を、結合剤の融点より高い温度へ加熱し、その混合物を結合剤が固化するまで冷却することにより達成することができる。結合剤は、溶媒に溶解して添加してもよい。この場合、結合操作は、加熱又は真空により溶媒を蒸発させることにより達成する。組成物を成形し、焼結して最終粉体金属部品を得る。 According to a preferred embodiment, carbon black is used as a flow agent in a binding mixture, ie a mixture in which, for example, a fine powder of alloying element particles is bound to the surface of iron or iron-based powder particles by a binder. This is because these mixtures are often not fluid. When used in a binding mixture, carbon black is preferably added after the binding operation has been performed. The bonding operation can be accomplished by heating the mixture being mixed to a temperature above the melting point of the binder and cooling the mixture until the binder solidifies. The binder may be added after being dissolved in a solvent. In this case, the bonding operation is accomplished by evaporating the solvent by heating or vacuum. The composition is shaped and sintered to obtain the final powder metal part.
本発明を、更に次の実施例により例示するが、本発明は、それに限定されるものではない。 The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
例１
表１による種々の比表面積及び粒径を有する三つの種類のカーボンブラックを選択した。比表面積はＢＥＴ法により決定した。粒径は、電子顕微鏡により測定し、カーボンブラックの一次粒子として言及する。
Example 1
Three types of carbon black with different specific surface areas and particle sizes according to Table 1 were selected. The specific surface area was determined by the BET method. The particle size is measured with an electron microscope and referred to as the primary particle of carbon black.
スウェーデンのヘガネスＡＢから入手できる鉄ベース粉末ＡＳＣ１００．２９を、０．７７重量％の黒鉛、０．８％の結合剤／潤滑剤系〔０．２％のポリエチレン（ポリワックス（Ｐｏｌｙｗａｘ）６５０）及び０．６％のエチレンビスステアルアミド（ＥＢＳ）からなる〕と混合した。混合物を混合しながらポリワックスの融点より高い温度へ加熱し、次に冷却した。ポリワックスの融点より低い温度で０．０３％のカーボンブラックを添加した。表１に従い、３種類の異なったカーボンブラックを試験した。二つの混合物を参照混合物として調製した。参照混合物Ｃは、試験混合物に従い調製したが、但し０．８％の黒鉛を添加し、流動剤は添加しなかった。参照混合物Ｒでは、０．８％の黒鉛及び０．０６％の、デガッサＡＧから入手できるエアロジルＡ−２００（登録商標名）を添加した。 Iron base powder ASC 100.29, available from Höganäs, Sweden, is added to 0.77% graphite, 0.8% binder / lubricant system [0.2% polyethylene (Polywax 650) and Composed of 0.6% ethylene bisstearamide (EBS). The mixture was heated while mixing to a temperature above the melting point of the polywax and then cooled. 0.03% carbon black was added at a temperature below the melting point of the polywax. According to Table 1, three different carbon blacks were tested. Two mixtures were prepared as reference mixtures. Reference mixture C was prepared according to the test mixture except that 0.8% graphite was added and no flow agent was added. For reference mixture R, 0.8% graphite and 0.06% Aerosil A-200 (registered trade name) available from Degasser AG were added.
粉末の特性を測定した。流動性を、標準的方法、ＩＳＯ ４４９０によるホール・フロー・カップ（Ｈａｌｌ−ｆｌｏｗ ｃｕｐ）を用いて測定し、見かけ密度、ＡＤを、標準的方法ＩＳＯ ３９２３を用いて測定した。 The properties of the powder were measured. Fluidity was measured using a standard method, Hall-flow cup according to ISO 4490, and apparent density, AD, was measured using standard method ISO 3923.
粉末特性の結果を表２に与える。 The results of the powder properties are given in Table 2.
試験は、粉末冶金混合物へのカーボンブラックの添加により、流動剤を何等含まない混合物と比較して流動度及びＡＤが改良されることを示している。ＣＢ１の添加は、既知の流動剤を添加した場合と比較して流動性及びＡＤを改良するのに対し、ＣＢ２及びＣＢ３の添加は、ほぼ同じ流動性の改良を与え、流動剤Ａ−２００を添加した場合と比較して一層高いＡＤを与える。 Tests show that the addition of carbon black to the powder metallurgy mixture improves the fluidity and AD compared to a mixture without any flow agent. The addition of CB1 improves flowability and AD compared to the addition of known flow agents, while the addition of CB2 and CB3 gives approximately the same flow improvement and gives flow agent A-200. It gives higher AD compared to the case of adding.
例２
鉄ベース粉末混合物への最適添加量を決定するために、ＣＢ１の種類のカーボンブラックを選択した。例１の記述に従い、混合物を調製した。合金用元素、結合剤／潤滑剤、流動剤、及び黒鉛の添加量を表３に示す。
Example 2
In order to determine the optimum amount of addition to the iron-based powder mixture, the CB1 type of carbon black was selected. A mixture was prepared as described in Example 1. Table 3 shows addition amounts of alloying elements, binder / lubricant, flow agent, and graphite.
参照混合物、流動剤を含まないＲ１、及びデガッサＡＧから入手できるエアロジルＡ−２００である市販流動剤を含むＲ２を調製した。 A reference mixture, R1 without flow agent, and R2 with a commercial flow agent, Aerosil A-200 available from Degasser AG, were prepared.
ＩＳＯ ２７４０に従う試験片を周囲温度で６００ＭＰａの圧力で成形し、９０／１０Ｎ２／Ｈ２雰囲気中で１１２０℃で焼結した。表４に、表３に従う粉末組成物についての機械的性質を与える。 Test specimens according to ISO 2740 were molded at ambient pressure at a pressure of 600 MPa and sintered at 1120 ° C. in a 90/10 N 2 / H 2 atmosphere. Table 4 gives the mechanical properties for the powder composition according to Table 3.
表４から分かるように、カーボンブラックの０．０６％の添加量は、抗張力、ＴＳ、降伏強度、ＹＳ、及び伸び、Ａに影響を与える。０．０４重量％以下の量のカーボンブラックを添加した場合には、機械的性質への影響は無視できる。 As can be seen from Table 4, the addition amount of carbon black of 0.06% affects the tensile strength, TS, yield strength, YS, and elongation, and A. When carbon black in an amount of 0.04% by weight or less is added, the influence on mechanical properties can be ignored.
例３
例３は、温間成形のための組成物でこの新規な流動剤を用いることができることを示す。一つの試験混合物、Ｂ５と、一つの参照混合物、Ｒ３とを、夫々３０００ｇずつ、次のようにして調製した。
Example 3
Example 3 shows that this new flow agent can be used in a composition for warm forming. One test mixture, B5, and one reference mixture, R3, were prepared as follows: 3000 g each.
参照混合物として、６０ｇの銅粉末、２４ｇの黒鉛、米国オハイオ州シンシナチのモルトン・インターナショナル（Ｍｏｒｔｏｒ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ）から入手できる高温潤滑剤ポロモルド（Ｐｒｏｍｏｌｄ）（登録商標名）１３．５ｇ、残余の鉄粉末、ＡＳＣ １００．２９を、４５℃に加熱しながら完全に混合した。更に、アセトンに溶解したセルロースエステル樹脂４．５ｇを添加し、その混合物を５分間混合した、材料の４５℃の温度を維持しながら、第二の混合期間１０〜３０分間の間、溶媒を蒸発した。最後に、流動剤として１．８ｇのエアロジルＡ−２００を添加し、完全に混合した。 As a reference mixture, 60 g copper powder, 24 g graphite, 13.5 g high temperature lubricant Promold® available from Mortor International, Cincinnati, Ohio, residual iron powder, ASC 100.29 was mixed thoroughly while heating to 45 ° C. Furthermore, 4.5 g of cellulose ester resin dissolved in acetone was added, and the mixture was mixed for 5 minutes. The solvent was evaporated for a second mixing period of 10-30 minutes while maintaining the temperature of 45 ° C. of the material. did. Finally, 1.8 g Aerosil A-200 as a flow agent was added and mixed thoroughly.
試験混合として、６０ｇの銅粉末、２３．１ｇの黒鉛、米国オハイオ州シンシナチのモルトン・インターナショナルから入手できる高温潤滑剤ポロモルド１３．５ｇ、残余の鉄粉末、ＡＳＣ １００．２９を、４５℃に加熱しながら完全に混合した。更に、アセトンに溶解したセルロースエステル樹脂４．５ｇを添加し、その混合物を５分間混合した、材料の４５℃の温度を維持しながら、第二の混合期間１０〜３０分間の間、溶媒を蒸発した。最後に、流動剤として０．９ｇのカーボンブラックＣＢ１を添加し、完全に混合した。 As a test mix, 60 g of copper powder, 23.1 g of graphite, 13.5 g of hot lubricant Polomold available from Molton International, Cincinnati, Ohio, the remaining iron powder, ASC 100.29, were heated to 45 ° C. Mix thoroughly while. Furthermore, 4.5 g of cellulose ester resin dissolved in acetone was added, and the mixture was mixed for 5 minutes. The solvent was evaporated for a second mixing period of 10-30 minutes while maintaining the temperature of 45 ° C. of the material. did. Finally, 0.9 g of carbon black CB1 was added as a flow agent and mixed thoroughly.
両方の混合物の流動性及びＡＤを、１２０℃の温度でＡＳＴＭ Ｂ２１３により測定した、表５から、本発明による粉末混合物では、ＡＤの実質的な増大が達成され、既知の流動剤を含む組成物と比較して、実質的に同じ流動度が新規な流動剤を含む組成物で達成されたことが分かる。 The flowability and AD of both mixtures were measured by ASTM B213 at a temperature of 120 ° C. From Table 5, a substantial increase in AD was achieved with the powder mixture according to the present invention, and a composition comprising a known flow agent It can be seen that substantially the same fluidity was achieved with the composition containing the novel flow agent as compared to.
例４
例４は、新規な流動剤を種々の鉄ベース粉末と組合せて用いることができることを示す。例１の方法に従い、混合物を調製し、例１と同じ結合剤／潤滑剤系を用いた。用いた鉄ベース粉末及び添加剤の量を、表６に示す。記号、ＲＡ、ＲＢ、ＲＣ、ＲＥ、及びＲＦは、混合物がデガッサＡＧから入手できる流動剤エアロジルＡ−２００を０．０６％含む参照混合物であることを示している。記号、Ｃ、Ｅ、及びＦは、混合物が何等流動剤を含まない参照混合物であることを示している。全ての混合物でカーボンブラックＣＢ１を用いた。用いた鉄又は鉄ベース粉末は、次の通りである：
ＡＳＣ １００．２９；ヘガネスＡＢからの噴霧無添加鉄粉末。
ディスタロイＡＢ；ヘガネスＡＢからの、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、及びＭｏを含有する拡散合金化鉄ベース粉末。
アスタロイＣｒＭ；ヘガネスＡＢからの、Ｃｒ及びＭｏを含有する予め合金化した鉄ベース粉末。
アスタロイＣｒＬ；ヘガネスＡＢからの、Ｃｒ及びＭｏを含有する予め合金化した鉄ベース粉末。
Example 4
Example 4 shows that the novel flow agent can be used in combination with various iron-based powders. A mixture was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and the same binder / lubricant system as Example 1 was used. The amounts of iron base powder and additives used are shown in Table 6. The symbols RA, RB, RC, RE, and RF indicate that the mixture is a reference mixture containing 0.06% flow agent Aerosil A-200 available from Degasser AG. The symbols C, E, and F indicate that the mixture is a reference mixture that does not contain any flow agent. Carbon black CB1 was used in all the mixtures. The iron or iron-based powder used is as follows:
ASC 100.29; non-sprayed iron powder from Höganäs AB.
DISTALLOY AB; Diffusion-alloyed iron-based powder containing Cu, Ni, and Mo from Höganäs AB.
Astaloy CrM; pre-alloyed iron-based powder containing Cr and Mo from Höganäs AB.
Astaloy CrL; pre-alloyed iron-based powder containing Cr and Mo from Höganäs AB.
粉末混合物の粉末特性を測定した。ＩＳＯ ２７４０に従う試験片を、周囲温度で６００ＭＰａの圧力で成形し、９０／１０ Ｎ２／Ｈ２雰囲気中で１１２０℃で焼結した。圧粉強度、ＧＳ、形状変化、ＤＣ、及び焼結密度、ＳＤのような機械的性質を決定し、それらの結果を表７に与える。 The powder properties of the powder mixture were measured. Test specimens according to ISO 2740 were molded at ambient pressure with a pressure of 600 MPa and sintered at 1120 ° C. in a 90/10 N 2 / H 2 atmosphere. Mechanical properties such as green strength, GS, shape change, DC, and sintered density, SD are determined and the results are given in Table 7.
表７は、カーボンブラックが、既知の流動剤を含有する混合物と比較して、種々の基礎粉末を含有する混合物に改良された流動性、ＡＤ、及び圧粉強度を与えることを示している。 Table 7 shows that carbon black gives improved fluidity, AD, and green strength to mixtures containing various base powders compared to mixtures containing known flow agents.
例５
例５は、新規な流動剤は、何等結合剤を含まない無添加の混合物（非結合混合物）の流動性も改良することを示す。表８に従い、鉄粉末ＡＳＣ１００．２９、銅粉末２％、黒鉛０．５％、潤滑剤としてエチレンビスステアルアミド０．８％、及び異なった量のカーボンブラック、ＣＢ１、を含む三種類の混合物を調製した。何等カーボンブラックを含まない混合物を参照混合物として用いた。それら種々の混合物について、流動度を測定した。
Example 5
Example 5 shows that the new flow agent also improves the flowability of the additive-free mixture without any binder (unbound mixture). According to Table 8, three mixtures containing iron powder ASC 100.29, copper powder 2%, graphite 0.5%, ethylene bisstearamide 0.8% as a lubricant and different amounts of carbon black, CB1 Was prepared. A mixture without any carbon black was used as a reference mixture. The fluidity was measured for these various mixtures.
表８から分かるように、非結合混合物にカーボンブラックを添加すると、流動度が改良される。 As can be seen from Table 8, the addition of carbon black to the unbound mixture improves the fluidity.
本発明によれば、流動性及び見かけの密度が改良された粉末冶金組成物が提供される。According to the present invention, a powder metallurgy composition with improved flowability and apparent density is provided.
Claims (9)
9. The powder metallurgy composition according to claim 8 , wherein at least one alloying element particle selected from the group consisting of graphite and Cu is bound to iron or iron-based powder particles.
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| EP1995004B1 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2014-12-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Mixed powder for powder metallurgy, green compact thereof and sintered compact |
| CN101801566B (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2012-02-15 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Iron-based powder for powder metallurgy |
| WO2011029759A1 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-17 | Höganäs Ab | Metal powder composition |
| US8734561B2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2014-05-27 | Hoganas AB (Pub) | Iron based powder composition |
| JP5750076B2 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2015-07-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Powder for molding and method for producing the same |
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| US20140271329A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Methods for solventless bonding of metallurgical compositions |
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| CN101890496A (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| CN101890496B (en) | 2012-02-29 |
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| PL1773526T3 (en) | 2012-04-30 |
| SE0401778D0 (en) | 2004-07-02 |
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| EP1773526B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
| BR122014008448B1 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
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| AU2005260140B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| CN1976774A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| RU2007104034A (en) | 2008-08-10 |
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