JP5290588B2 - 電気自動車のバッテリの充電システム及び同バッテリの充電方法 - Google Patents
電気自動車のバッテリの充電システム及び同バッテリの充電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005288 electromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004092 self-diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
- B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
- B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
- B60L1/06—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line using only one supply
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- H02J7/0072—
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- H02J7/022—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
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- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
12. 牽引モーター
14. 高電圧蓄電バッテリ
22. マイクロプロセッサ
38. 充電ブースター・システム
42. グリッド(電源)
40. 第一壁ソケット
44. 第二壁ソケット
46. インバータ/電圧ブースター・システム
48. EMC入力フィルタ
52. 第一インバータ回路(第一コンバータ)
56. 第二インバータ回路(第二コンバータ)
60. バッテリ制御モジュール(BCM)
61. マイクロプロセッサ
64. 自動車電力供給回路
92. 高電圧バック調節回路
115. 遅延時間選択器
Claims (8)
- 電気自動車内の蓄電バッテリを充電するためのシステムにおいて、
AC電力の第一電源に電気的に接続され、上記第一電源からのACを第一DC出力に変換するための第一コンバータ、
上記第一電源とは位相が異なる第二AC電力の第二電源に電気的に接続され、上記第二電源からのACを第二DC出力に変換するための第二コンバータ、及び、
上記第一DC出力、上記第二DC出力、及び、上記蓄電バッテリに電気的に連結され、上記第一DC出力及び上記第二DC出力より高い電圧を持つ第三DC出力を生成してバッテリに充電するための調節器を有し、
上記第一コンバータ、上記第二コンバータ及び上記調節器が上記電気自動車に車載されている
システム。 - 上記自動車に配設された空調装置用のコンプレッサ、及び、
上記コンプレッサに駆動可能に連結され、且つ、上記バッテリに電気的に連結されたモーターを更に有する、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 上記自動車の中に配設され、且つ、上記バッテリに電気的に接続された電気的発熱体を更に有する、
請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。 - 流体を収容し、且つ、自動車内に配設される暖房システム、及び、
上記暖房システムの中を通って上記流体を循環させるためのポンプに駆動可能に連結されるモーターを更に有する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載のシステム。 - AC電力の第一電源に電気的に接続された第一コンバータ、上記第一電源のAC電力と比較して位相が異なるAC電力の第二電源に電気的に接続された第二コンバータ、上記AC電力の第一電源に電気的に接続され、上記第一電源からのACを第一DC出力に変換するための第一コンバータ、上記AC電力の第二電源に電気的に接続され、上記第二電源からのACを第二DC出力に変換するための第二コンバータ、及び、上記第一DC出力、上記第二DC出力、及び、上記蓄電バッテリに電気的に連結され、上記第一DC出力及び上記第二DC出力より高い電圧を持つ第三DC出力を生成してバッテリに充電するための調節器を含む電気自動車の蓄電バッテリの充電方法であって、
上記調節器を、上記第一及び第二DC出力よりも高い電圧を持つ第三DC出力を生成すべく使用する工程、
上記蓄電バッテリを上記第三DC出力に結合する工程、及び、
上記第三DC出力を使用して上記蓄電バッテリの充電状態を上昇する工程、
を有する方法。 - 上記自動車の乗員室内の大気温度を制御するための上記システム内の空調装置に駆動可能に連結されたモーターを駆動すべく上記蓄電バッテリを使用する工程、を更に有する、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 上記自動車の乗員室内に配設された電気的発熱体を暖めるために上記蓄電バッテリを使用する工程を更に有する、
請求項5又は6に記載の方法。 - 上記自動車の乗員室内に流体を循環させるポンプを駆動するために上記蓄電バッテリを使用する工程を更に有する、
請求項5乃至7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/699,913 | 2007-01-30 | ||
US11/699,913 US20080180058A1 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2007-01-30 | Plug-in battery charging booster for electric vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008187888A JP2008187888A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
JP5290588B2 true JP5290588B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
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JP2008014637A Expired - Fee Related JP5290588B2 (ja) | 2007-01-30 | 2008-01-25 | 電気自動車のバッテリの充電システム及び同バッテリの充電方法 |
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US (1) | US20080180058A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5290588B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101237159A (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2446261B (ja) |
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JP4341712B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-10-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 蓄電機構の充電制御装置および充電制御方法 |
JP4727636B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-13 | 2011-07-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の充電制御装置および車両 |
JP4254890B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の制御装置 |
JP4285578B1 (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-06-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の充電装置 |
US8482256B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2013-07-09 | Ecosol Technologies Inc. | Portable charging power system for battery-powered devices |
WO2010032320A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の異常検出装置および車両 |
EP2168794B1 (de) * | 2008-09-26 | 2012-11-14 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Elektrisches Heizsystem und Verfahren zur stufenlosen Ansteuerung einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung |
US20100315089A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-16 | Lester Electrical | System and method for battery charger self test and diagnostic means |
DE102009028328A1 (de) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Temperieren eines Fahrzeuginnenraumes |
US8508185B2 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2013-08-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Charging management method and system |
US8232765B2 (en) | 2010-03-13 | 2012-07-31 | James A Billmaier | Automatic and dynamic home electricity load balancing for the purpose of EV charging |
JP2012019636A (ja) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-26 | Denso Corp | 車両用充電装置 |
US20120025759A1 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-02 | Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. | Electric Charger for Vehicle |
CN102487202A (zh) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | 西安中科麦特电子技术设备有限公司 | 太阳能光伏电动车充电*** |
US8502498B2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2013-08-06 | General Motors Llc | Localized charging of electric vehicles |
US20120249067A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Lear Corporation | Apparatus for correcting a dc bias for leakage current |
US8635269B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2014-01-21 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods to provide access to a network |
CN102931691A (zh) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州市电力局 | 一种电池充电监控方法及设备 |
US8872471B2 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2014-10-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Variable output current battery charger and method of operating same |
FR2983653B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-01-17 | Renault Sa | Procede de gestion d'un alternateur associe a au moins une batterie d'alimentation et entraine par un moteur thermique. |
WO2013097808A1 (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-04 | 深圳市比亚迪汽车研发有限公司 | 电动汽车及用于电动汽车的主动泄放*** |
CN103683403B (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-03-23 | 奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司 | 电池***的电池容量均衡方法、装置以及纯电动汽车 |
US9676283B2 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for pre-cooling traction battery in anticipation of recharging at charging station |
FI20146093A (fi) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-13 | Aalto-Korkeakoulusäätiö | Menetelmä ja järjestely ajoneuvojen akkujen lataamiseksi |
US20170008375A1 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Preconditioning an Electric Vehicle |
WO2019071360A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | BI-DIRECTIONAL ON-BOARD FAST CHARGER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
DE102020104732A1 (de) | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | EMV-Baugruppe für ein elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug |
CN114355113B (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2024-02-27 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | 基于时序控制的充电/行车绝缘失效定位检测方法和装置 |
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JP3914001B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-20 | 2007-05-16 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | マルチエネルギー源からの電力充電装置 |
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US20070015451A1 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Mcgrath William H Jr | Automatic temperature control system for unattended motor vehicles occupied by young children or animals |
JP2007195311A (ja) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-08-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 蓄電装置 |
-
2007
- 2007-01-30 US US11/699,913 patent/US20080180058A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-01-18 GB GB0800923A patent/GB2446261B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-25 JP JP2008014637A patent/JP5290588B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-29 CN CNA200810006654XA patent/CN101237159A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2446261B (en) | 2011-08-17 |
CN101237159A (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
GB0800923D0 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
GB2446261A (en) | 2008-08-06 |
US20080180058A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
JP2008187888A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
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