JP5273941B2 - Process for producing polyhedral silsesquioxane - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、3官能シラン類からかご状のポリヘドラルシルセスキオキサンを製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a cage-shaped polyhedral silsesquioxane from trifunctional silanes.
かご状のシルセスキオキサン樹脂は、分子構造が明確で剛直な骨格を有しているので、熱可塑性樹脂の改質剤、層間絶縁膜、封止材料、難燃剤、塗料添加剤などに用いられている。このような有機基の結合した3官能シロキサン結合部分を有しているシルセスキオキサン樹脂(RT樹脂)としては、ケイ素を8、10、12または14個有するRT8、RT10、RT12、RT14などが知られている。そして、それらの製法としては、フェニルトリクロロシランを加水分解し、その後苛性カリを用いて平衡化反応させて得る方法(非特許文献1)、フェニルシラントリオールを無触媒あるいは各種塩基性触媒の存在下に縮合させ、さらにおよそ100℃以上に加熱処理して、分子量分布Mw/Mnが2以下の、水酸基を多数有するフェニルポリシルセスキオキサンとする方法(特許文献1)などの方法が知られている。また、ケイ素原子全てに反応性有機官能基を有しているシルセスキオキサン樹脂の製法として、極性溶媒中での加水分解と非極性溶媒中での塩基性触媒の存在下での再縮合の2段階法(特許文献2)などの、多数の方法が知られている。
非特許文献1および特許文献1に記載の方法では、生成物中に多数の水酸基を有し、かご型構造のように分子構造が明確化されておらず不特定構造を有し、強度的にも弱いシルセスキオキサンが得られ、また収率も低い。特許文献2の方法では、2段階の工程を経る必要があり、2段目の再縮合では反応温度が100℃以上とすることが必要で、更にトルエン、ベンゼン、キシレンなどの有毒な非極性溶媒が用いられる欠点がある。 In the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1, the product has a large number of hydroxyl groups, has a molecular structure that is not clarified like a cage structure, has an unspecified structure, Weak silsesquioxane is obtained and the yield is low. In the method of Patent Document 2, it is necessary to go through a two-stage process, and in the second-stage recondensation, the reaction temperature needs to be 100 ° C. or higher, and a toxic nonpolar solvent such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like. Has the disadvantage of being used.
本発明は、分子構造が明確となっている剛直なシロキサン骨格を有するかご型シルセスキオキサンを収率よく取得する方法を提供しようとするものである。 The present invention is intended to provide a method for obtaining a cage silsesquioxane having a rigid siloxane skeleton with a clear molecular structure in a high yield.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、一般式RSi(OR’)3(式中、Rはアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、またはアルケニル基を表し、R’はHまたはアルキル基を表す)で表される3官能性シランまたはその縮合体を、水溶性溶媒中で、脂肪族アミンを触媒として用いて、反応させることからなる、ポリヘドラルシルセスキオキサンの製造方法を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a general formula RSi (OR ′) 3 (wherein R represents an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an alkenyl group, and R ′ represents H Or a condensate thereof in a water-soluble solvent using an aliphatic amine as a catalyst, and a method for producing polyhedral silsesquioxane, which comprises reacting an aliphatic amine as a catalyst. I will provide a.
本発明の方法によれば、分子構造がはっきりとしたRT8、RT10、RT12などのポリヘドラルシルセスキオキサンを収率よく得ることができる。また、3官能性シランの低次縮合体であるRTOH nやランダム型もしくははしご型の縮合体であるRT樹脂を原料とした場合には、アミン触媒を用いた反応で分子構造の再配列が行われ、不定形の構造から剛直な骨格の上記かご型シルセスキオキサンの収量が大きくなる。 According to the method of the present invention, polyhedral silsesquioxanes such as RT 8 , RT 10 , RT 12 having a clear molecular structure can be obtained in high yield. When RT OH n , which is a low-order condensate of trifunctional silane, or RT resin, which is a random-type or ladder-type condensate, is used as a raw material, rearrangement of the molecular structure is caused by reaction using an amine catalyst. As a result, the yield of the cage silsesquioxane having a rigid skeleton is increased due to the amorphous structure.
本発明で用いる3官能性シランのケイ素に結合するRは、電子吸引性の有機基であるのが好ましく、具体的にはアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基、またはアルケニル基であり、特にフェニル基、ビニル基などが挙げられる。また、R’は、水素原子またはアルキル基であり、具体例としてはメチル基およびエチル基が挙げられ、特にメチル基が好ましい。かかる3官能性シランの具体例としては、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシランなどを挙げることができる。本発明では、また、それらの縮合物を用いることもできる。 R bonded to silicon in the trifunctional silane used in the present invention is preferably an electron-withdrawing organic group, specifically an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an alkenyl group. In particular, a phenyl group, a vinyl group and the like can be mentioned. R 'is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include a methyl group and an ethyl group, and a methyl group is particularly preferable. Specific examples of such trifunctional silanes include phenyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane. In the present invention, a condensate thereof can also be used.
溶媒としては、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、アルコール、ジエチルエーテル、アセトンなどの水溶性の溶媒が用いられる。また、これらの水溶性溶媒とこれによく混合するメチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチルなどとの混合溶媒を用いてもよい。これらの溶媒の使用量は、原料の3官能性シランの濃度が0.04〜0.4Mとなる範囲であるのが好ましい。 As the solvent, water-soluble solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, alcohol, diethyl ether and acetone are used. Further, a mixed solvent of these water-soluble solvents and methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate or the like which is well mixed therewith may be used. The amount of these solvents used is preferably in the range where the concentration of the raw material trifunctional silane is 0.04 to 0.4M.
触媒としては脂肪族アミンが用いられる。具体的には、トリエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、ブチルジアミン(1,4−ブタンジアミン)が特に好ましい。脂肪族アミンの触媒能は、使用する3官能性シランの置換基によってやや異なり、例えば、フェニル基を有するシランの場合にはジエチルアミンなどの第2級アミンが好ましい。このようなアミン触媒の使用量としては、反応系におけるアミン濃度を0.04M以上とするのが好ましい。0.04M未満の濃度では、触媒効果が十分に発揮されないことがある。 An aliphatic amine is used as the catalyst. Specifically, triethylamine, diethylamine, n-butylamine, and butyldiamine (1,4-butanediamine) are particularly preferable. The catalytic ability of the aliphatic amine is slightly different depending on the substituent of the trifunctional silane used. For example, in the case of a silane having a phenyl group, a secondary amine such as diethylamine is preferable. As the amount of such an amine catalyst used, the amine concentration in the reaction system is preferably 0.04M or more. If the concentration is less than 0.04M, the catalytic effect may not be sufficiently exhibited.
また、反応を遂行するに際しては、反応系に水を添加するのが好ましい。水の添加量としては、シラン原料を加水分解するに十分な量であるのが好ましく、原料シラン1モルに対して1.5モル以上、特に3〜6モルの範囲が好ましい。添加水量の上限には特別の制限はないが、前記の範囲を超えるとビニル置換基を持つシラン原料などの場合、反応生成物の分離取得が困難となり、シルセスキオキサンの取得収率が低下することがある。 In carrying out the reaction, it is preferable to add water to the reaction system. The amount of water added is preferably an amount sufficient to hydrolyze the silane raw material, and is preferably in the range of 1.5 mol or more, particularly 3 to 6 mol relative to 1 mol of the raw material silane. The upper limit of the amount of water added is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds the above range, it will be difficult to separate and obtain reaction products in the case of silane raw materials with vinyl substituents, etc., and the acquisition yield of silsesquioxane will be reduced. There are things to do.
出発原料としてトリヒドロキシシランもしくはその低次縮合物を用いた場合、またはランダム型もしくははしご型のRT樹脂を用いた場合には、既に加水分解がほぼ完了しているので、あらためて水を加えなくてもよいし、あるいは僅かに加えるだけでもよい。 When trihydroxysilane or a low-order condensate thereof is used as a starting material, or when a random type or ladder type RT resin is used, hydrolysis has already been completed, so there is no need to add water again. Or just a slight addition.
反応時間は、温度にも依存するが、5〜200時間が好ましい。反応温度は35〜100℃の範囲が好ましいが、温度制御が容易であるなどの点から、溶媒を還流させながら行うことが好ましく、従って溶媒沸点がこの範囲にあるものを用いることが好ましい。例えば、アセトンを溶媒として用いた場合には、その沸点温度である約55℃で、還流下に、30〜200時間反応させることが好ましい。室温で反応させた場合でも反応は進行するが、反応生成物が溶媒から析出し始めるのに10日以上も必要とするので、室温よりも多少は昇温した温度で反応を行うことが好ましい。 Although reaction time is dependent also on temperature, 5-200 hours are preferable. The reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 35 to 100 ° C., but from the viewpoint of easy temperature control, it is preferable to carry out the reaction while refluxing the solvent. Therefore, it is preferable to use a solvent having a boiling point in this range. For example, when acetone is used as a solvent, the reaction is preferably performed at a boiling temperature of about 55 ° C. for 30 to 200 hours under reflux. Although the reaction proceeds even when the reaction is performed at room temperature, it takes 10 days or longer for the reaction product to start to precipitate from the solvent, and therefore, the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature slightly higher than the room temperature.
反応系からの生成物の取得は、反応液を冷却し、結晶析出させ、濾別して行う。あるいは、溶媒および触媒を減圧留去して、個体状物として取得する。このときの取得物は、T8、T10などの混合物であり、これを更に分別するには、例えば、フェニル置換含有の場合は再結晶法により行うことができる。また、ビニル置換基含有の場合は、HPLC法やGPC法を用いて分離することができる。 Acquisition of the product from the reaction system is carried out by cooling the reaction solution, precipitating crystals, and separating by filtration. Or a solvent and a catalyst are depressurizingly distilled and it acquires as a solid substance. The obtained product at this time is a mixture of T 8 , T 10, and the like. For further fractionation, for example, in the case of containing phenyl substitution, it can be performed by a recrystallization method. In the case of containing a vinyl substituent, it can be separated by HPLC method or GPC method.
本発明の方法により得られるポリヘドラルシルセスキオキサンとしては、例えば、下記の構造を有するものを挙げることができるが、もちろんこれらのみに限定されるものではない。 Examples of the polyhedral silsesquioxane obtained by the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those having the following structures.
以下に実施例を用いて本発明をさらに説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何らの限定もされるものではない。 The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
実施例1
還流器を備えた反応容器に、溶媒としてアセトン50mlとフェニルトリメトキシシラン(Aldrich製)1.87ml、水1.08ml、ジエチルアミン(和光純薬工業製)0.517mlを入れて加熱し、アセトンの還流温度(55℃)で2日間加水分解縮合反応を行った。反応の結果白色沈殿が生成し、これを濾別することにより、白色粉末0.824gを、回収率65.9%で得た。
この白色粉末の1Hおよび13C−NMRを測定したところPhT8(収率36.7%)に対応する1対のフェニル基シグナルとPhT12(収率29.2%)に対応する強度比1:2の2対のフェニル基シグナルの混合したシグナルを示し、MALDI TOF−MSからはPhT8とPhT12の2種のオリゴシルセスキオキサン種のみが検出された。また、これらはCH2Cl2からの再結晶により分離することが可能であり、それぞれの結晶の単結晶X線構造解析を行った結果、下記の構造であることが確認された。
Example 1
In a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, 50 ml of acetone, 1.87 ml of phenyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Aldrich), 1.08 ml of water, and 0.517 ml of diethylamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are placed as a solvent and heated. The hydrolysis condensation reaction was performed at reflux temperature (55 ° C.) for 2 days. As a result of the reaction, a white precipitate was formed, and this was filtered off to obtain 0.824 g of a white powder at a recovery rate of 65.9%.
As a result of measuring 1 H and 13 C-NMR of this white powder, a pair of phenyl group signals corresponding to PhT 8 (yield 36.7%) and an intensity ratio corresponding to PhT 12 (yield 29.2%) A mixed signal of two pairs of phenyl group signals of 1: 2 was shown, and only two oligosilsesquioxane species, PhT 8 and PhT 12 , were detected from MALDI TOF-MS. Further, these can be separated by recrystallization from CH 2 Cl 2 , and as a result of single crystal X-ray structural analysis of each crystal, it was confirmed that the following structures were obtained.
PhT8
1H−NMR(500MHz、CD2Cl2)
7.78(dd、2H;o−CH)、7.47(t、1H;p−CH)、7.39(t、2H;m−CH)
29Si−NMR(100MHz、CD2Cl2)
−78.3(PhSiO3/2)
MALDI TOF−MS(2,5−dihydroxybenzoic acid、CH2Cl2)
[M+Na+]:(found)1055.1;(calc.)1055.0
PhT 8
1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 )
7.78 (dd, 2H; o-CH), 7.47 (t, 1H; p-CH), 7.39 (t, 2H; m-CH)
29 Si-NMR (100 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 )
-78.3 (PhSiO 3/2 )
MALDI TOF-MS (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, CH 2 Cl 2 )
[M + Na + ]: (found) 1055.1; (calc.) 1055.0
PhT12
1H−NMR(500MHz、CD2Cl2)
7.63(dd、2H;o−CH)、7.49(dd、4H;o−CH)、7.39(t、1H;p−CH)、7.32(t、2H;p−CH)、7.27(t、2H;m−CH)、7.16(t、4H;m−CH)
MALDI TOF−MS(2,5−dihydroxybenzoic acid、CH2Cl2)
[M+Na+]:(found)1571.1;(calc.)1571.0
PhT 12
1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 )
7.63 (dd, 2H; o-CH), 7.49 (dd, 4H; o-CH), 7.39 (t, 1H; p-CH), 7.32 (t, 2H; p-CH) ), 7.27 (t, 2H; m-CH), 7.16 (t, 4H; m-CH)
MALDI TOF-MS (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, CH 2 Cl 2 )
[M + Na + ]: (found) 1571.1; (calc.) 1571.0
実施例2
実施例1の操作を繰り返し、ただし反応時間を3日間として加水分解縮合反応を行った。反応の結果白色沈殿が生成し、これを濾別することにより、白色粉末1.05gを、回収率76.6%で得た。
この白色粉末の1Hおよび13C−NMRを測定したところPhT8(収率42.7%)に対応する1対のフェニル基シグナルとPhT12(収率33.9%)に対応する強度比1:2の2対のフェニル基シグナルの混合したシグナルを示し、MALDI TOF−MSからはPhT8とPhT12の2種のオリゴシルセスキオキサン種のみが検出された。また、これらはCH2Cl2からの再結晶により分離することが可能であり、それぞれの結晶の単結晶X線構造解析を行った結果、上記の構造であることが確認された。
Example 2
The operation of Example 1 was repeated except that the hydrolysis condensation reaction was carried out with a reaction time of 3 days. As a result of the reaction, a white precipitate was formed, which was filtered off to obtain 1.05 g of a white powder with a recovery rate of 76.6%.
As a result of measuring 1 H and 13 C-NMR of this white powder, an intensity ratio corresponding to a pair of phenyl group signals corresponding to PhT 8 (yield 42.7%) and PhT 12 (yield 33.9%) A mixed signal of two pairs of phenyl group signals of 1: 2 was shown, and only two oligosilsesquioxane species, PhT 8 and PhT 12 , were detected from MALDI TOF-MS. Moreover, these can be separated by recrystallization from CH 2 Cl 2 , and as a result of single crystal X-ray structural analysis of each crystal, it was confirmed that the above structure was obtained.
実施例3
還流器を備えた反応容器に、溶媒としてアセトン50mlとビニルトリメトキシシラン(Aldrich製)1.53ml、水0.252ml、ジエチルアミン(和光純薬工業製)0.517mlを入れて加熱し、アセトンの還流温度(55℃)で2日間加水分解縮合反応を行った。反応終了後溶媒とジエチルアミンなどの低沸分を減圧留去することにより、種々の有機溶媒に可溶な無色粘性固体0.7412gを、回収率93.8%で得た。
Example 3
In a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, 50 ml of acetone, 1.53 ml of vinyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Aldrich), 0.252 ml of water, and 0.517 ml of diethylamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were placed and heated as a solvent. The hydrolysis condensation reaction was performed at reflux temperature (55 ° C.) for 2 days. After completion of the reaction, the solvent and low-boiling components such as diethylamine were distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 0.7412 g of a colorless viscous solid soluble in various organic solvents at a recovery rate of 93.8%.
この粘性固体をGPCにより分離を行った結果、ランダム縮合物(収率11.8%)、高次カゴ状生成物Tn(n=20〜38の偶数)(収率21.5%)、カゴ状オリゴシルセスキオキサンT10(収率29.0%)とT12(収率31.6%)が得られた。それらは、MALDI TOF−MSから、それぞれ高次カゴ状生成物ViTn(n=20〜38の偶数)m/z1602〜3024(M+Na+)とViT10、ViT12が検出されたことにより確認された。また、13C−NMRを測定したところViT10では1対、ViT12では1:2の強度の2対のビニル基シグナルが観測されたことから、下記の構造が確認された。 As a result of separation of this viscous solid by GPC, random condensate (yield 11.8%), higher-order cage product Tn (n = even number of 20 to 38) (yield 21.5%), basket The resulting oligosilsesquioxanes T 10 (yield 29.0%) and T 12 (yield 31.6%) were obtained. They were confirmed by the detection of higher order cage products ViTn (n = even number of 20-38) m / z 1602-3024 (M + Na + ), ViT 10 and ViT 12 from MALDI TOF-MS, respectively. . Further, when 13 C-NMR was measured, one pair was observed for ViT 10 and two pairs of vinyl signals having an intensity of 1: 2 were observed for ViT 12 , and the following structure was confirmed.
ViT10
1H−NMR(500MHz、CDCl3)
5.88−6.10(m、CH=CH2)
13C−NMR(125MHz、CDCl3)
136.63(s、CH)、129.30(s、CH2)
29Si−NMR(100MHz、CDCl3)
−81.40(ViSiO3/2)
MALDI TOF−MS(2,5−dihydroxybenzoic acid、CH2Cl2)
[M+Na+]:(found)813.0;(calc.)812.9
ViT 10
1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 )
5.88-6.10 (m, CH = CH 2 )
13 C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 )
136.63 (s, CH), 129.30 (s, CH 2 )
29 Si-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 )
-81.40 (ViSiO 3/2 )
MALDI TOF-MS (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, CH 2 Cl 2 )
[M + Na + ]: (found) 813.0; (calc.) 812.9
ViT12
1H−NMR(500MHz、CDCl3)
5.86−6.10(m、CH=CH2)
13C−NMR(125MHz、CDCl3)
136.41(s、CH)、136.09(s、CH)、130.13(s、CH2)、129.64(s、CH2)
29Si−NMR(100MHz、CDCl3)
−80.24(ViSiO3/2)、−83.26(ViSiO3/2)
MALDI TOF−MS(2,5−dihydroxybenzoic acid、CH2Cl2)
[M+Na+]:(found)970.9;(calc.)970.9
ViT 12
1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 )
5.86-6.10 (m, CH = CH 2 )
13 C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 )
136.41 (s, CH), 136.09 (s, CH), 130.13 (s, CH 2 ), 129.64 (s, CH 2 )
29 Si-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 )
−80.24 (ViSiO 3/2 ), −83.26 (ViSiO 3/2 )
MALDI TOF-MS (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, CH 2 Cl 2 )
[M + Na + ]: (found) 970.9; (calc.) 970.9
本発明により収率よく得られたかご型ポリヘドラルシルセスキオキサンは、熱可塑性樹脂の耐熱性その他の改質剤、層間絶縁膜、封止材料、難燃剤、塗料添加剤、液晶分子コアー、有機無機ハイブリッドポリマーなどの多方面の用途に利用可能である。 The cage-type polyhedral silsesquioxane obtained in a good yield according to the present invention is a thermoplastic resin heat resistance and other modifiers, interlayer insulating film, sealing material, flame retardant, paint additive, liquid crystal molecular core, It can be used for various applications such as organic-inorganic hybrid polymers.
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