JP5270385B2 - Solid electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents
Solid electrolyte fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5270385B2 JP5270385B2 JP2009008972A JP2009008972A JP5270385B2 JP 5270385 B2 JP5270385 B2 JP 5270385B2 JP 2009008972 A JP2009008972 A JP 2009008972A JP 2009008972 A JP2009008972 A JP 2009008972A JP 5270385 B2 JP5270385 B2 JP 5270385B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- power generation
- generation cell
- fuel
- solid electrolyte
- cell group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 311
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 253
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 427
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYCWBLFDGYRWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co][Fe][Sr][La] Chemical compound [Co][Fe][Sr][La] OYCWBLFDGYRWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IGPAMRAHTMKVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium dioxido(dioxo)manganese lanthanum(3+) Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O IGPAMRAHTMKVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、固体電解質形燃料電池セルを積層して形成される固体電解質形燃料電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell formed by stacking solid oxide fuel cells.
従来より、固体電解質形燃料電池は、固体電解質層の両面に電極を配した燃料電池セルの両面に、支燃性ガス（通常空気）と燃料ガス（Ｈ2、メタン、メタノール等）を供給して、発電を行うようになっている。このような固体電解質形燃料電池は、一個の燃料電池セルで得られる電力量は小さいので、燃料電池セルを複数個使用して大きな電力になるよう設計されている。 Conventionally, solid body electrolyte fuel cell, on both sides of the fuel cell which arranged electrodes to the surfaces of the solid electrolyte layer, and supply combustion supporting gas (usually air) fuel gas (H 2, methane, methanol, etc.) Then, it is designed to generate electricity. Such a solid oxide fuel cell is designed so that a large amount of power can be obtained by using a plurality of fuel cells because the amount of power obtained by one fuel cell is small.
この燃料電池セルを複数個使用している構造においては、すべての燃料電池セルで発電させるために、供給する支燃性ガス及び燃料ガスは、すべての燃料電池セルに不足なく供給されなければならない。一方、発電効率を上げるためには、燃料利用率を上げなければならず、すべての燃料電池セルで燃料を無駄なく消費させなければならない。つまり、すべての燃料電池セルに燃料ガスは過不足無く供給されなければならないこととなる。 In the structure using a plurality of fuel cells, in order to generate power in all the fuel cells, the supplied combustion-supporting gas and the fuel gas must be supplied to all the fuel cells without shortage. . On the other hand, in order to increase power generation efficiency, the fuel utilization rate must be increased, and fuel must be consumed without waste in all fuel cells. That is, the fuel gas must be supplied to all fuel cells without excess or deficiency.
そのため、すべての燃料電池セルに均等に支燃性ガス及び燃料ガスを供給できる構造とすることで解決する方法（例えば、特許文献１参照）や、各燃料電池セルごとに個別に電力を取り出すことによって、支燃性ガス及び燃料ガスの供給に過不足が生じても燃料電池セルの発電効率を向上させる方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。 Therefore, a method that solves the problem by providing a structure that can supply fuel-supporting gas and fuel gas evenly to all the fuel cells (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), or take out power individually for each fuel cell. Has proposed a method for improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel battery cell even if the supply of the combustion-supporting gas and the fuel gas is excessive or insufficient (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
ところが、前記特許文献１に記載の様に、すべての燃料電池セルに均等に支燃性ガス及び燃料ガスを供給できる構造とした場合、その構造の特徴から、燃料電池セル数が多くなるに従い支燃性ガス及び燃料ガスをすべての燃料電池セルに均等に供給することが難しくなるという問題があった。 However, as described in Patent Document 1, in the case where a structure that can supply fuel-supporting gas and fuel gas equally to all fuel cells is used, the number of fuel cells increases as the number of fuel cells increases. There has been a problem that it becomes difficult to uniformly supply the fuel gas and the fuel gas to all the fuel cells.
更に、前記特許文献２に記載の様に、個々の燃料電池セルから電力を取り出す方法では、電力を取り出すときの制御や電流の統合が難しいという問題があった。 Further, as described in Patent Document 2, in the method of taking out electric power from individual fuel cells, there is a problem that it is difficult to perform control and electric current integration when taking out electric power.
しかも、この問題とは別に、平板状の燃料電池セルを複数枚積層した燃料電池スタックにおいては、積層方向における温度差によって、燃料電池の性能が低下するという問題があった。 Moreover, apart from this problem, in the fuel cell stack in which a plurality of flat fuel cells are stacked, there is a problem that the performance of the fuel cell is deteriorated due to the temperature difference in the stacking direction.
つまり、燃料電池スタックにおいては、設定した作動温度で均一に発電させることが、内部抵抗が小さく電圧の低下が少ないので好ましいが、一般には、燃料電池スタックの積層方向の両端の温度が低く、中央部の温度が高くなり易いという問題があった。 That is, in a fuel cell stack, it is preferable to generate power uniformly at a set operating temperature because the internal resistance is small and the voltage drop is small, but in general, the temperature at both ends in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack is low, and the center There was a problem that the temperature of the part was likely to be high.
これは、燃料電池スタックの中心部の燃料電池セルでは、ジュール熱により温度が高くなる傾向があり、両端の燃料電池セルでは、燃料電池スタックからの放熱により、温度が低くなりやすいためである。 This is because the temperature of the fuel cell at the center of the fuel cell stack tends to increase due to Joule heat, and the temperature of the fuel cell at both ends tends to decrease due to heat dissipation from the fuel cell stack.
なお、本発明者等は、特願２００７−１５４１３３号にて、発電効率を高めるために、複数の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを所定方向に積層した第１発電セル群と、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数よりも少ない第２発電セル群と、燃料ガスを第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給し、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルにて反応した後の燃料ガスを統合し、統合した反応後の燃料ガスを第２発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルへ分配供給する燃料ガス流路を備えた固体電解質形燃料電池を提案している。 In addition, in order to increase power generation efficiency, the present inventors in Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-154133 have a first power generation cell group in which a plurality of solid electrolyte fuel cells are stacked in a predetermined direction, and a first power generation cell group The number of second power generation cell groups less than the number of solid electrolyte fuel cell cells and the fuel gas is distributed and supplied to the solid electrolyte fuel cell cells of the first power generation cell group, so that the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the first power generation cell group A solid oxide fuel cell having a fuel gas flow path that integrates the fuel gas after reaction in the cell and distributes and distributes the integrated fuel gas after reaction to the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the second power generation cell group is suggesting.
しかし、この燃料電池の場合も、スタック全体の温度分布という観点において、改良の余地が残されている。 However, this fuel cell also has room for improvement in terms of the temperature distribution of the entire stack.
本発明は、こうした問題に鑑みなされたもので、燃料ガスがすべての燃料電池セルに対し均一に供給されなくても効率よく電力を取り出すことができるとともに、固体電解質形燃料電池セルを積層した場合でも、温度分布の問題を解決することができる固体電解質形燃料電池を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of these problems. When the fuel gas is not uniformly supplied to all fuel cells, power can be efficiently taken out, and solid oxide fuel cells are stacked. However, an object is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell that can solve the problem of temperature distribution.
（１）かかる問題を解決するためになされた請求項１の発明は、固体電解質形燃料電池セルに燃料ガスと酸素を含む支燃性ガスとを供給して発電を行う固体電解質形燃料電池において、複数の前記固体電解質形燃料電池セルを所定方向に積層した第１発電セル群と、１又は複数の前記固体電解質形燃料電池セルからなる第２及び第３発電セル群と、前記燃料ガスを前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給し、該第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルにて反応した後の燃料ガスを統合し、該統合した反応後の燃料ガスを前記第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルへ分配供給する燃料ガス流路と、を備えるとともに、前記第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数を、前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数よりも少なくし、且つ、前記第１発電セル群の積層方向の一方の側に前記第２発電セル群を積層するとともに、他方の側に前記第３発電セル群を積層したことを特徴とする。 (1) In order to solve such a problem, the invention of claim 1 is directed to a solid oxide fuel cell that generates power by supplying a fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen to the solid electrolyte fuel cell. A first power generation cell group in which a plurality of the solid electrolyte fuel cell units are stacked in a predetermined direction, a second and third power generation cell group composed of one or a plurality of the solid electrolyte fuel cell units, and the fuel gas. Distributing and supplying to the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the first power generation cell group, integrating the fuel gas after reacting in the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the first power generation cell group, and integrating the reacted fuel after the reaction A fuel gas flow path for distributing and supplying gas to the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups, and a total solid electrolyte fuel cell of the second and third power generation cell groups The number of the first power generation The second power generation cell group is stacked on one side in the stacking direction of the first power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell is stacked on the other side. The power generation cell group is laminated.
本発明の固体電解質形燃料電池では、燃料ガスが、まず第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給される。そして、第１発電セル群において発電に使われた燃料ガスは、統合され、第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルへ分配供給され、再度燃料ガスとして利用される。 In the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention, fuel gas is first distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells of the first power generation cell group. Then, the fuel gas used for power generation in the first power generation cell group is integrated, distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups, and again used as fuel gas.
・このように、第１発電セル群おいて利用された燃料ガスを統合することによって、第１発電セル群の各固体電解質形燃料電池セルに対する燃料ガスの分配に均一性がなくとも、第２及び第３発電セル群において燃料ガスの不均一性を緩和することができるので、固体電解質形燃料電池全体での発電効率を高めることができる。以下詳細に説明する。 As described above, by integrating the fuel gas used in the first power generation cell group, even if the distribution of the fuel gas to each solid electrolyte fuel cell of the first power generation cell group is not uniform, the second In addition, since the nonuniformity of the fuel gas can be alleviated in the third power generation cell group, the power generation efficiency of the entire solid oxide fuel cell can be increased. This will be described in detail below.
固体電解質形燃料電池の発電効率を高めるためには、燃料ガス利用率を上げる必要がある。例えば、燃料ガス利用率９０％で発電させたい場合には、固体電解質形燃料電池を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セルに利用率９０％となるように燃料ガスを供給する必要がある。 In order to increase the power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell, it is necessary to increase the fuel gas utilization rate. For example, when it is desired to generate power at a fuel gas utilization rate of 90%, it is necessary to supply fuel gas to each solid electrolyte fuel cell constituting the solid oxide fuel cell so that the utilization rate is 90%.
ここで、各固体電解質形燃料電池セルを例えば電気的に直列接続したとき、各固体電解質形燃料電池セルで消費される燃料の量は同じになるので、燃料ガスは各固体電解質形燃料電池セルすべてにおいて９０％の燃料利用率となるように、均等に配分されるように供給しなければならない。 Here, when each solid electrolyte fuel cell is electrically connected in series, for example, the amount of fuel consumed in each solid electrolyte fuel cell is the same, so the fuel gas is each solid electrolyte fuel cell. The supply must be evenly distributed so that the fuel utilization rate is 90% in all cases.
しかし、実際には各固体電解質形燃料電池セルすべてに均等配分することは難しく、燃料ガス供給量は、固体電解質形燃料電池セル毎にバラツキが出てしまう。 However, in practice, it is difficult to evenly distribute to all the solid electrolyte fuel cells, and the fuel gas supply amount varies for each solid oxide fuel cell.
例えば、供給量に１０％以上のバラツキが出たとすると、固体電解質形燃料電池セルによっては利用率１００％以上で動かすことになってしまい、発電が成立しない。このため、このバラツキを考慮し、利用率を平均で８０％程度にして運転させることが一般的である。 For example, if there is a variation of 10% or more in the supply amount, depending on the solid oxide fuel cell, it will be operated at a utilization rate of 100% or more, and power generation will not be established. For this reason, it is common to operate with an average utilization rate of about 80% in consideration of this variation.
これに対し、本発明の固体電解質形燃料電池では、固体電解質形燃料電池セルを第１発電セル群と第２及び第３発電セル群とに分け、第１発電セル群の燃料排ガスを用いて第２及び第３発電セル群を発電させている。 In contrast, in the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention, the solid electrolyte fuel cell is divided into the first power generation cell group and the second and third power generation cell groups, and the fuel exhaust gas of the first power generation cell group is used. The second and third power generation cell groups are caused to generate power.
したがって、第１発電セル群における燃料利用率があまり高なくても、第１発電セル群において使用された燃料ガスが第２及び第３発電セル群において再利用されるので、第１発電セル群と第２及び第３発電セル群において、燃料利用率を下げること、つまり、各固体電解質形燃料電池セルの燃料ガス供給量のバラツキの許容量を大きくできる。 Therefore, even if the fuel utilization rate in the first power generation cell group is not so high, the fuel gas used in the first power generation cell group is reused in the second and third power generation cell groups. In the second and third power generation cell groups, it is possible to reduce the fuel utilization rate, that is, to increase the allowable amount of variation in the fuel gas supply amount of each solid oxide fuel cell.
また、本発明の固体電解質形燃料電池では、第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セル数を第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セル数より少なくしている。これにより、第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに供給される燃料ガスは、濃度としては低いものの、流量は第１発電セル群よりも多くできる。こうすることで濃度の薄い燃料でも十分に発電を行うことができる。 In the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention, the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups is less than the number of solid electrolyte fuel cell cells in the first power generation cell group. Thereby, although the concentration of the fuel gas supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups is low, the flow rate can be larger than that of the first power generation cell group. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently generate power even with a low concentration fuel.
・特に本発明では、第１発電セル群の積層方向の一方の側に第２発電セル群を積層するとともに、他方の側に第３発電セル群を積層している。つまり、第１発電セル群の両側に、第２発電セル群と第３発電セル群とを配置している。 In particular, in the present invention, the second power generation cell group is stacked on one side in the stacking direction of the first power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell group is stacked on the other side. That is, the second power generation cell group and the third power generation cell group are arranged on both sides of the first power generation cell group.
これにより、固体電解質形燃料電池の積層方向における温度分布を均一化することができる。 Thereby, the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the solid oxide fuel cell can be made uniform.
すなわち、第１発電セル群にて使用された燃料の排ガスは、第１発電セル群に投入される前の温度より高い温度であるため、その排ガスが第１発電セル群の両側に配置された第２及び第３発電セル群に投入されると、固体電解質形燃料電池の積層方向の両端側のセル群の温度低下を低減することができる。よって、固体電解質形燃料電池の積層方向における温度分布をより均一に維持することができる。 That is, since the exhaust gas of the fuel used in the first power generation cell group has a temperature higher than the temperature before being input to the first power generation cell group, the exhaust gas is disposed on both sides of the first power generation cell group. When it is inserted into the second and third power generation cell groups, it is possible to reduce the temperature drop of the cell groups on both ends in the stacking direction of the solid oxide fuel cell. Therefore, the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the solid oxide fuel cell can be maintained more uniformly.
これにより、固体電解質形燃料電池の内部抵抗のバラツキを小さくできるので、両端の発電セル群の電圧の低下を抑制でき、よって、固体電解質形燃料電池の性能を高めることができる。 Thereby, since the variation in the internal resistance of the solid oxide fuel cell can be reduced, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the voltage of the power generation cell groups at both ends, and thus the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell can be enhanced.
また、固体電解質形燃料電池は、その特性上、作動温度は例えば７００〜１０００℃程度と、通常の周囲温度よりかなり高温である。 In addition, due to the characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell, the operating temperature is, for example, about 700 to 1000 ° C., which is considerably higher than the normal ambient temperature.
従って、固体電解質形燃料電池では、周囲温度の影響によって温度分布が大きくなり易いが、本発明では、温度分布を小さくできるので、この種の固体電解質形燃料電池の性能の維持には、極めて好適である。 Accordingly, in the solid oxide fuel cell, the temperature distribution tends to be large due to the influence of the ambient temperature. However, in the present invention, the temperature distribution can be reduced, so that it is extremely suitable for maintaining the performance of this type of solid oxide fuel cell. It is.
（２）請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の固体電解質形燃料電池において、前記第１発電セル群と前記第２発電セル群と前記第３発電セル群とを、電気的に直列接続したことを特徴とする。 (2) The invention according to claim 2 is the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the first power generation cell group, the second power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell group are electrically connected in series. It is connected.
本発明の様に、第１〜第３発電セル群を電気的に直列接続すると、充分な電圧を確保でき、また、個々の固体電解質形燃料電池セルから電力を取り出す必要がないので、電力を取り出すときの制御や電流の統合を行う必要がない。よって、その構造を簡易化できるという利点がある。 If the first to third power generation cell groups are electrically connected in series as in the present invention, a sufficient voltage can be secured, and there is no need to take out power from each solid oxide fuel cell, There is no need to control when taking out or to integrate current. Therefore, there is an advantage that the structure can be simplified.
（３）請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は請求項２に記載の固体電解質形燃料電池において、前記第２発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数と前記第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数とを、同じとしたことを特徴とする。 (3) The invention of claim 3 is the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells of the second power generation cell group and the number of the third power generation cell group The number of solid electrolyte fuel cells is the same.
これにより、積層方向における温度分布を一層均一にできるという効果がある。 Thereby, there is an effect that the temperature distribution in the stacking direction can be made more uniform.
（４）請求項４の発明は、請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかに記載の固体電解質形燃料電池において、前記酸素を含む支燃性ガスを前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給し、該第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルにて反応した後の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを統合し、該統合した反応後の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを、前記第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給することを特徴とする。 (4) The invention according to claim 4 is the solid electrolyte fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen is used as the solid electrolyte fuel of the first power generation cell group. Distributing and supplying the battery cells, integrating the combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen after reacting in the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the first power generation cell group, and integrating the support-supporting gas containing oxygen after the reaction Is distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups.
本発明では、上述の様に、第１〜第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに酸素を含む支燃性ガスを分配供給するための経路を備えているので、必要な酸素を含む支燃性ガスを第１〜第３発電セル群に供給することができる。 In the present invention, as described above, since a path for distributing and supplying a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen to the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the first to third power generation cell groups is provided, the necessary oxygen is included. The combustion-supporting gas can be supplied to the first to third power generation cell groups.
これにより、すべての固体電解質形燃料電池セルに十分な量の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを供給することができるとともに、第１発電セル群から排出された高温の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを第２及び第３発電セル群に供給するため、固体電解質形燃料電池内の温度分布を均一にすることに寄与する。 As a result, a combustion-supporting gas containing a sufficient amount of oxygen can be supplied to all the solid oxide fuel cells, and the combustion-supporting gas containing high-temperature oxygen discharged from the first power generation cell group can be supplied. The supply to the second and third power generation cell groups contributes to uniform temperature distribution in the solid oxide fuel cell.
（５）請求項５の発明は、請求項１〜請求項４のいずれかに記載の固体電解質形燃料電池において、前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数は、前記第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の２〜１０倍であることを特徴とする。 (5) The invention according to claim 5 is the solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is the second. And 2 to 10 times the total number of solid oxide fuel cells in the third power generation cell group.
第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数が、第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の２倍より小さいと、第２及び第３発電セル群において、燃料ガスの供給量が少なくなるので、発電効率が低下してしまう。従って、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数は、第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の２倍以上であることが好ましい。 When the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is less than twice the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups, the second and third power generation cell groups However, since the amount of fuel gas supplied decreases, the power generation efficiency decreases. Therefore, the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is preferably at least twice the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups.
一方、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数が、第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の１０倍より大きいと、第２及び第３発電セル群に供給される燃料ガスの流量が多くなる。そのため、燃料ガスの圧損が大きくなり、燃料ガスの供給が困難になる。従って、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数は、第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の１０倍以下であることが好ましい。 On the other hand, if the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is greater than 10 times the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups, the second and third power generation cell groups The flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to is increased. For this reason, the pressure loss of the fuel gas increases, and it becomes difficult to supply the fuel gas. Therefore, the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is preferably 10 times or less the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups.
以下、本発明が適用された実施例について図面を用いて説明する。 Embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings.
ａ）まず、固体電解質形燃料電池の構成について、図１〜図３に基づいて説明する。 a) First, the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell will be described with reference to FIGS.
図１に示すように、固体電解質形燃料電池１は、燃料ガス（例えば水素）と支燃性ガス（例えば空気（詳しくは空気中の酸素））との供給を受けて発電を行う装置であり、第１発電セル群１１、第２発電セル群１２、第３発電セル群１３、及びボルト１５〜３３を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 1, a solid oxide fuel cell 1 is a device that generates power by receiving supply of a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen) and a combustion-supporting gas (for example, air (specifically, oxygen in the air)). The first power generation cell group 11, the second power generation cell group 12, the third power generation cell group 13, and the bolts 15 to 33 are provided.
第１発電セル群１１は、１０個の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３が積層されて形成されており、第２発電セル群１２及び第３発電セル群１３は、それぞれ第１発電セル群１１よりも少ない各２個（合計４個）の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３からなる。 The first power generation cell group 11 is formed by laminating ten solid oxide fuel cells 3, and the second power generation cell group 12 and the third power generation cell group 13 are respectively from the first power generation cell group 11. Each of which is composed of two (four in total) solid oxide fuel cells 3.
また、第２発電セル群１２は、第１発電セル群１１の積層方向の一方の側（図１（ｂ）の上側）に積層されるとともに、第３発電セル群１３は、第１発電セル群１１の積層方向の他方の側（図１（ｂ）の下側）に積層されている。 In addition, the second power generation cell group 12 is stacked on one side in the stacking direction of the first power generation cell group 11 (upper side in FIG. 1B), and the third power generation cell group 13 is the first power generation cell. They are stacked on the other side of the group 11 in the stacking direction (the lower side of FIG. 1B).
なお、第１発電セル群１１と第２発電セル群１２と第３発電セル群１３とは、電気的に（図１（ｂ）の上下方向に）直列に接続されている。 The first power generation cell group 11, the second power generation cell group 12, and the third power generation cell group 13 are electrically connected in series (in the vertical direction of FIG. 1B).
図２に分解して示すように、固体電解質形燃料電池セル３は、いわゆる燃料極支持膜形タイプの燃料電池セルであり、燃料ガス流路３５側には、燃料極（アノード）３７が配置されるとともに、燃料極３７の同図上側の表面には薄膜の固体電解質体３９が形成される。その固体電解質体３９の空気流路４３側の表面には、空気極（カソード）４１が形成されている。 As shown in an exploded view in FIG. 2, the solid oxide fuel cell 3 is a so-called fuel electrode supporting membrane type fuel cell, and a fuel electrode (anode) 37 is disposed on the fuel gas flow path 35 side. At the same time, a thin-film solid electrolyte body 39 is formed on the upper surface of the fuel electrode 37. An air electrode (cathode) 41 is formed on the surface of the solid electrolyte body 39 on the air flow path 43 side.
固体電解質体３９としては、ＹＳＺ、ＳｃＳＺ、ＳＤＣ、ＧＤＣ、ペロブスカイト系酸化物等の材料が使用できる。また、燃料極３７としては、Ｎｉ及びＮｉとセラミックとのサーメットが使用でき、空気極４１としては、ペロブスカイト系酸化物、各種貴金属及び貴金属とセラミックとのサーメットが使用できる。 As the solid electrolyte body 39, materials such as YSZ, ScSZ, SDC, GDC, and perovskite oxide can be used. Further, as the fuel electrode 37, Ni and a cermet of Ni and ceramic can be used, and as the air electrode 41, a perovskite oxide, various noble metals and cermets of noble metal and ceramic can be used.
空気極４１と上方の金属製のインターコネクタ（発電セル３間の導通を確保するとともにガス流路を遮断する長方形のプレート）４５との間には、その導通を確保するために、例えば、空気極４１と同様なＬＳＣＦ（ランタンストロンチウムコバルト鉄）、ＬＳＭ（ランタンストロンチウムマンガネート）等からなる集電体４７が配置されている。なお、ここでは、燃料極３７と固体電解質体３９と空気極４１とをセル本体４９と称する。 In order to ensure the electrical connection between the air electrode 41 and the upper metal interconnector (a rectangular plate that secures electrical connection between the power generation cells 3 and blocks the gas flow path) 45, for example, air A current collector 47 made of LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt iron), LSM (lanthanum strontium manganate) or the like similar to the electrode 41 is disposed. Here, the fuel electrode 37, the solid electrolyte body 39, and the air electrode 41 are referred to as a cell body 49.
更に詳しくは、この固体電解質形燃料電池セル３は、上下一対の金属製のインターコネクタ４５、４５の間に、空気流路４３側の金属製の四角枠状の空気極フレーム５１と、セラミックス製の四角枠状の絶縁フレーム５３と、セル本体４９を接合して配置するとともにガス流路を遮断する金属製の四角枠状のセパレータ５５と、燃料ガス流路３５側の金属製の四角枠状の燃料極フレーム５７とを備えている。 More specifically, the solid oxide fuel cell 3 includes a metal square frame-shaped air electrode frame 51 on the air flow path 43 side, and a ceramic product between a pair of upper and lower metal interconnectors 45, 45. A rectangular frame-shaped insulating frame 53, a metal rectangular frame-shaped separator 55 which is disposed by joining the cell main body 49 and blocks the gas flow path, and a metal square frame-like shape on the fuel gas flow path 35 side. The fuel electrode frame 57 is provided.
つまり、インターコネクタ（その外周縁部）４５と空気極フレーム５１と絶縁フレーム５３とセパレータ（その外周縁部）５５と燃料極フレーム５７とにより、固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の枠部５９が構成されており、この枠部５９に、ボルト１５〜３３が貫挿される貫通孔６１が形成されている。 That is, the frame portion 59 of the solid oxide fuel cell 3 is configured by the interconnector (the outer peripheral edge portion) 45, the air electrode frame 51, the insulating frame 53, the separator (the outer peripheral edge portion) 55, and the fuel electrode frame 57. A through hole 61 into which the bolts 15 to 33 are inserted is formed in the frame portion 59.
このうち、空気極フレーム５１は、図３（ａ）に示すように、同図中の上下両端の３個の孔の中央の孔（空気の流路Ａ１、Ａ２）に空気が誘導されるように形成されている。 Of these, as shown in FIG. 3A, the air electrode frame 51 is such that air is guided to the central holes (air flow paths A1, A2) of the three holes at the upper and lower ends in the figure. Is formed.
また、燃料極フレーム５７には、第１発電セル群１１用と第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３用とがある。具体的には、図３（ｂ）に示すように、第１発電セル群１１用の燃料極フレーム５７は、同図中の左端の４個の孔の下から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ１）と右端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ２）とに燃料を導くように形成されている。一方、図３（ｃ）に示すように、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３用の燃料極フレーム５５は、同図中の右端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ２）と左端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ３）とに燃料を導くように形成されている。 In addition, the fuel electrode frame 57 includes one for the first power generation cell group 11 and one for the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the fuel electrode frame 57 for the first power generation cell group 11 has a second hole (the fuel hole) from the bottom of the four holes at the left end in the figure. It is formed so as to guide the fuel to the second hole (fuel flow path F2) from the top of the four holes at the right end of the flow path F1). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3C, the fuel electrode frame 55 for the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 has a second hole (from the top of the four holes at the right end in the figure). The fuel flow path F2) and the leftmost four holes are formed so as to lead the fuel to the second hole (fuel flow path F3).
なお、各フレーム５１、５７などの孔により、空気や燃料の流路となる前記貫通孔６１が形成されている。 The through holes 61 serving as air and fuel flow paths are formed by the holes of the frames 51 and 57 and the like.
前記図１に戻り、前記ボルト１５〜３３は、第１発電セル群１１と第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３を積層した積層体５を積層方向に押圧して固体電解質形燃料電池セル３を拘束するために用いる部材であり、その構造から２種類のボルト１５〜３３が使用されている。 Returning to FIG. 1, the bolts 15 to 33 press the stacked body 5 in which the first power generation cell group 11 and the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 are stacked in the stacking direction to solid oxide fuel cell. 3 is a member used for restraining 3, and two types of bolts 15 to 33 are used because of its structure.
すなわち、単に固体電解質形燃料電池セル３を押圧するための第１のボルト２５〜３３と、内部に燃料ガス又は空気が流通するガス流路を備えた第２のボルト１５〜２３である。 That is, the first bolts 25 to 33 for simply pressing the solid oxide fuel cell 3 and the second bolts 15 to 23 having gas flow paths through which fuel gas or air flows.
このうち、第２のボルト１５〜２３には、空気のガス流路を備えた空気用のボルト１５、１７と燃料ガスのガス流路を備えた燃料用のボルト１９〜２３とがある。なお、使用する第２のボルト１５〜２３の本数は、固体電解質形燃料電池１の構造や定格等に応じて適宜選択できる。 Among these, the second bolts 15 to 23 include air bolts 15 and 17 having an air gas passage and fuel bolts 19 to 23 having a fuel gas passage. The number of second bolts 15 to 23 to be used can be appropriately selected according to the structure and rating of the solid oxide fuel cell 1.
ｂ）次に、第２のボルト１５〜２３の基本的な構造について図４に基づいて説明する。なお、第２のボルト１５〜２３の細部は各々異なっているが、異なる部分は後述する「燃料ガスの流路」及び「空気の流路」において説明することとし、ここでは、基本的な構造についてボルト１５を示して説明する。 b) Next, the basic structure of the second bolts 15 to 23 will be described with reference to FIG. The details of the second bolts 15 to 23 are different from each other, but the different portions will be described in “fuel gas flow path” and “air flow path” to be described later. Will be described with reference to the bolt 15.
図４に示すように、ボルト１５は、円柱状の長尺の中空ボルトであり、そのボルト１５の上下両端には、六角形のナット６３、６５が螺合されている。 As shown in FIG. 4, the bolt 15 is a long cylindrical hollow bolt, and hexagonal nuts 63 and 65 are screwed into both upper and lower ends of the bolt 15.
前記ボルト１５の軸中心には、ガス流路として用いられる有底の中心孔６７が開けられるとともに、その中心孔６７から径方向（同図左右方向）に複数の横穴６９が形成されている。この中心孔６７の形状及び横穴６９が設けられている位置が、各ボルト１５〜２３によって異なっている。 A bottomed central hole 67 used as a gas flow path is formed at the axial center of the bolt 15, and a plurality of horizontal holes 69 are formed from the central hole 67 in the radial direction (left-right direction in the figure). The shape of the center hole 67 and the position where the lateral hole 69 is provided differ depending on the bolts 15 to 23.
このボルト１５は、積層体５の外周近傍に開けられた前記貫通孔６１に貫挿されており、ボルト１５の外周面と貫通孔６１との内周面との間には、円筒状のガス流路となる空間７１が形成されている。 The bolt 15 is inserted into the through hole 61 opened near the outer periphery of the laminate 5, and a cylindrical gas is interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 15 and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 61. A space 71 serving as a flow path is formed.
また、ボルト１５の上下方向には、各ナット６３、６５と積層体５との間に、フランジ形状の絶縁スペーサ（絶縁リング）７３、７５が外嵌されている。 In addition, flange-shaped insulating spacers (insulating rings) 73 and 75 are externally fitted between the nuts 63 and 65 and the laminated body 5 in the vertical direction of the bolt 15.
なお、ボルト１５の上端には、ジョイント７７が螺合され、このジョイント７７には、ガス供給（又は排出）用のガスパイプ７９が取り付けられている。 A joint 77 is screwed to the upper end of the bolt 15, and a gas pipe 79 for gas supply (or discharge) is attached to the joint 77.
ｃ）次に、空気及び燃料ガスの流路について、図５及び図６に基づいて説明する。 c) Next, the flow paths of air and fuel gas will be described with reference to FIGS.
なお、図５及び図６においては、説明を簡単にするために、燃料ガス及び空気について最小限の数のボルトを示している。 5 and 6 show a minimum number of bolts for fuel gas and air for the sake of simplicity.
（空気の流路）
図５に示すように、支燃性ガスである空気は、空気用のボルト１５の上方から供給され、そのボルト１５の軸中心に形成された中心孔６７に導入され、各横穴６９から第１発電セル１１と第２発電セル１２と第３発電セル１３とに供給される。
(Air flow path)
As shown in FIG. 5, air that is a combustion-supporting gas is supplied from above the bolt 15 for air, introduced into a center hole 67 formed at the axial center of the bolt 15, and first through each lateral hole 69. The power generation cell 11, the second power generation cell 12, and the third power generation cell 13 are supplied.
詳しくは、ボルト１５の中心孔６７から供給された空気は、図６（ａ）に示すように、ボルト１５の外周側の空間７１から、第１〜第３発電セル１１〜１３の導入孔８１を介して、第１〜第３発電セル１１〜１３の各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３内の空気流路４３側に導入される。 Specifically, the air supplied from the center hole 67 of the bolt 15 is introduced from the space 71 on the outer peripheral side of the bolt 15 into the introduction holes 81 of the first to third power generation cells 11 to 13 as shown in FIG. Is introduced to the air flow path 43 side in each solid electrolyte fuel cell 3 of the first to third power generation cells 11 to 13.
次に、空気流路４３の空気は、排出孔８３を介して、他の空気用（排出用）のボルト１７の外周側の空間７１に排出され、図５に示すように、ボルト１７の横穴８５を介して中心孔８７に導入され、その上方より固体電解質形燃料電池１外に排出される。 Next, the air in the air flow path 43 is discharged to the space 71 on the outer peripheral side of the other air (discharge) bolts 17 through the discharge holes 83, and as shown in FIG. It is introduced into the central hole 87 through 85 and discharged from the upper part to the outside of the solid oxide fuel cell 1.
（燃料ガスの流路）
図５に示すように、燃料ガスは、燃料用のボルト１９の上方から供給され、ボルト１９の軸中心に形成された中心孔８９に導入され、第１発電セル群１１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴９１から第１発電セル群１１に供給される。換言すれば、ボルト１９では、第１発電セル群１１に燃料ガスが供給される位置に横穴９１が設けられている。
(Fuel gas flow path)
As shown in FIG. 5, the fuel gas is supplied from above the fuel bolt 19, introduced into a center hole 89 formed at the axial center of the bolt 19, and provided at a position corresponding to the first power generation cell group 11. The first power generation cell group 11 is supplied from the lateral hole 91 formed. In other words, in the bolt 19, the horizontal hole 91 is provided at a position where the fuel gas is supplied to the first power generation cell group 11.
第１発電セル群１１に供給された燃料ガスは、第１発電セル群１１を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３内の燃料流路３５側に導入される（図６（ｂ）中図参照）。 The fuel gas supplied to the first power generation cell group 11 is introduced to the fuel flow path 35 side in each solid oxide fuel cell 3 constituting the first power generation cell group 11 (FIG. 6B). reference).
次に、固体電解質形燃料電池セル３内に導入された燃料流路３５の燃料ガスは、他の燃料中継用のボルト２１の第１発電セル群１１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴９３を介して、ボルト２１の中心孔９７に導入され、ボルト２１の上部に設けられた横穴９４から第２発電セル群１２に供給されるとともに、ボルト２１の下部に設けられた横穴９５から第３発電セル群１３に供給される。 Next, the fuel gas in the fuel flow path 35 introduced into the solid oxide fuel cell 3 passes through a horizontal hole 93 provided at a position corresponding to the first power generation cell group 11 of the other bolt 21 for fuel relay. Through the center hole 97 of the bolt 21 and supplied to the second power generation cell group 12 from the lateral hole 94 provided in the upper part of the bolt 21, and the third power generation from the lateral hole 95 provided in the lower part of the bolt 21. It is supplied to the cell group 13.
換言すれば、ボルト２１では、第１発電セル群１１に対応する位置と第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３に対応する位置に横穴９３〜９５が設けられている。なお、ボルト２１からは外部に燃料ガスを排出しないので、中心孔９７は貫通孔とはなっていない。 In other words, in the bolt 21, the lateral holes 93 to 95 are provided at positions corresponding to the first power generation cell group 11 and positions corresponding to the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13. Since the fuel gas is not discharged from the bolt 21 to the outside, the center hole 97 is not a through hole.
そして、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３に供給された燃料ガスは、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３内の燃料流路３５側に導入される（図６（ｂ）上下図参照）。 The fuel gas supplied to the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 is on the fuel flow path 35 side in each solid oxide fuel cell 3 constituting the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13. (See the upper and lower views in FIG. 6B).
燃料流路３５に導入された燃料ガスは、他のボルト２３の第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３に対応する位置に設けられた横穴９９、１０１を介して、ボルト２１の中心孔１０３に導入され、中心孔１０３の上方より固体電解質形燃料電池１外に排出される。 The fuel gas introduced into the fuel flow path 35 passes through the horizontal holes 99 and 101 provided at positions corresponding to the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 of the other bolts 23, and the center hole 103 of the bolt 21. And is discharged out of the solid oxide fuel cell 1 from above the center hole 103.
ｄ）次に、上述した構造の固体電解質形燃料電池１の動作原理について、簡単に説明する。 d) Next, the operating principle of the solid oxide fuel cell 1 having the above-described structure will be briefly described.
ここでは、固体電解質体３９として、例えばＹＳＺを用いた例を挙げて説明する。 Here, as the solid electrolyte body 39, for example, an example using YSZ will be described.
本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池１は、使用される固体電解質等の特性上、作動温度は例えば７００〜１０００℃と、通常の周囲温度（大気温）よりかなり高温で使用されるものである。 The solid electrolyte fuel cell 1 of the present embodiment is used at a temperature considerably higher than the normal ambient temperature (atmospheric temperature), for example, 700 to 1000 ° C. due to the characteristics of the solid electrolyte used. .
この固体電解質形燃料電池１では、燃料極３７では、「Ｈ2＋Ｏ2-→Ｈ2Ｏ＋２ｅ-」の反応が起こり、空気極４１では、「１／２Ｏ2＋２ｅ-→Ｏ2-」の反応が起こるので、全反応としては、「Ｈ2＋１／２Ｏ2-→Ｈ2Ｏ」となる。 In the solid oxide fuel cell 1, a reaction of “H 2 + O 2 − → H 2 O + 2e − ” occurs at the fuel electrode 37, and a reaction of “½O 2 + 2e − → O 2 − ” occurs at the air electrode 41. Therefore, the total reaction is “H 2 + 1 / 2O 2 − → H 2 O”.
従って、本実施例では、燃料極３７側には水蒸気が発生するので、例えばＰＥＦＣに比べて、燃料極３７側での燃料ガスの体積変化が少ないという特徴がある。 Therefore, in this embodiment, since water vapor is generated on the fuel electrode 37 side, there is a feature that the volume change of the fuel gas on the fuel electrode 37 side is smaller than that of, for example, PEFC.
ｅ）次に、固体電解質形燃料電池１の製造方法について、簡単に説明する。 e) Next, a method for manufacturing the solid oxide fuel cell 1 will be briefly described.
まず、例えばＳＵＳ４３０からなる板材を打ち抜いて、インターコネクタ４５、空気極フレーム５１、燃料極フレーム５７、セパレータ５５を製造した。 First, for example, a plate material made of SUS430 was punched out to manufacture an interconnector 45, an air electrode frame 51, a fuel electrode frame 57, and a separator 55.
また、定法により、アルミナを主成分とするグリーンシートを所定形状に形成し、焼成して、絶縁フレーム５３を製造した。 Further, an insulating frame 53 was manufactured by forming a green sheet containing alumina as a main component into a predetermined shape and firing it by a conventional method.
固体電解質形燃料電池セル３のセル本体４９を、定法に従って製造した。具体的には、燃料極３７のグリーンシート上に、固体電解質体３９の材料を印刷し、その上に空気極４１の材料を印刷し、その後焼成した。なお、セル本体４９は、セパレータ５５にろう付けして固定した。 The cell main body 49 of the solid oxide fuel cell 3 was manufactured according to a conventional method. Specifically, the material of the solid electrolyte body 39 was printed on the green sheet of the fuel electrode 37, the material of the air electrode 41 was printed thereon, and then fired. The cell body 49 was fixed to the separator 55 by brazing.
これとは別に、空気用及び燃料用のボルト１５〜２３を、ザグリ加工等により製造した。 Apart from this, bolts 15 to 23 for air and fuel were manufactured by counterboring or the like.
そして、上述したインターコネクタ４５、空気極フレーム５１、燃料極フレーム５７、セル本体４９をろう付けしたセパレータ５５、集電体４７などを一体にして、各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３を組み付けるとともに、各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３を積層して積層体５を構成した。 Then, the above-mentioned interconnector 45, air electrode frame 51, fuel electrode frame 57, separator 55 brazed to the cell body 49, current collector 47, etc. are integrated to assemble each solid oxide fuel cell 3; Each solid electrolyte fuel cell 3 was laminated to form a laminate 5.
そして、この積層体５の貫通孔６１にボルト１５〜３３を嵌め込むとともに、それらの両端から絶縁スペーサ７３、７５を嵌め、ボルト１５〜３３の両端にナット６３、６５を螺合させた。 Then, the bolts 15 to 33 were fitted into the through holes 61 of the laminate 5, the insulating spacers 73 and 75 were fitted from both ends thereof, and the nuts 63 and 65 were screwed to both ends of the bolts 15 to 33.
その後、このナット６３、６５を締め付けて、積層体５を押圧して一体化して固定し、固体電解質形燃料電池１を完成した。 Thereafter, the nuts 63 and 65 were tightened, and the laminated body 5 was pressed and integrated and fixed to complete the solid oxide fuel cell 1.
ｆ）次に、本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池１の効果について説明する。 f) Next, effects of the solid oxide fuel cell 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
・本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池１では、燃料ガスが、まず第１発電セル群１１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３に分配供給される。そして、第１発電セル群１１において発電に使われた燃料ガスは、統合され、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３へ分配供給され、再度燃料ガスとして利用される。 In the solid oxide fuel cell 1 of the present embodiment, the fuel gas is first distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell 3 of the first power generation cell group 11. The fuel gas used for power generation in the first power generation cell group 11 is integrated, distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell 3 of the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13, and again used as fuel gas. Is done.
このように、第１発電セル群１１おいて利用された燃料ガスを統合することによって、第１発電セル群１１の各固体電解質形燃料電池セル３に対する燃料ガスの分配に均一性がなくとも、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３において燃料ガスの不均一性を緩和することができるので、固体電解質形燃料電池１全体での発電効率を高めることができる。 As described above, by integrating the fuel gas used in the first power generation cell group 11, even if the distribution of the fuel gas to each solid electrolyte fuel cell 3 of the first power generation cell group 11 is not uniform, Since the nonuniformity of the fuel gas can be reduced in the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13, the power generation efficiency of the entire solid oxide fuel cell 1 can be increased.
・本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池１では、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セル数を第１発電セル群１１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル数より少なくしている。これにより、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３に供給される燃料ガスは、濃度としては低いものの、流量は第１発電セル群１１よりも多くできる。こうすることで濃度の薄い燃料でも十分に発電を行うことができる。 In the solid oxide fuel cell 1 of the present embodiment, the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 is calculated from the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group 11. Less. Thereby, although the concentration of the fuel gas supplied to the solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 of the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 is low, the flow rate can be larger than that of the first power generation cell group 11. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently generate power even with a low concentration fuel.
・本実施例では、第１発電セル群１１の積層方向の一方の側に第２発電セル群１２を積層するとともに、他方の側に第３発電セル群１３を積層している。つまり、第１発電セル群１１の両側に、第２発電セル群１２と第３発電セル群１３とを配置している。 In this embodiment, the second power generation cell group 12 is stacked on one side of the first power generation cell group 11 in the stacking direction, and the third power generation cell group 13 is stacked on the other side. That is, the second power generation cell group 12 and the third power generation cell group 13 are arranged on both sides of the first power generation cell group 11.
これにより、固体電解質形燃料電池１の積層方向における温度分布を均一化することができる。よって、固体電解質形燃料電池１の内部抵抗のバラツキを小さくできるので、固体電解質形燃料電池１の性能を高めることができる。 Thereby, the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the solid oxide fuel cell 1 can be made uniform. Therefore, since the variation in the internal resistance of the solid oxide fuel cell 1 can be reduced, the performance of the solid electrolyte fuel cell 1 can be enhanced.
特に、この固体電解質形燃料電池１は、その特性上、作動温度は７００〜１０００℃と、通常の周囲温度よりかなり高温であり、周囲温度の影響によって温度分布が大きくなり易いが、本実施例では、温度分布を小さくできるので、この種の固体電解質形燃料電池１の性能の維持には、極めて好適である。 In particular, this solid oxide fuel cell 1 has an operating temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C., which is considerably higher than the normal ambient temperature, and its temperature distribution tends to be large due to the influence of the ambient temperature. Then, since the temperature distribution can be reduced, it is extremely suitable for maintaining the performance of this type of solid oxide fuel cell 1.
・本実施例では、第２発電セル群１２の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の数と第３発電セル群１３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の数とを、同じにしているので、固体電解質形燃料電池１の積層方向における温度分布を一層均一にできる。 In this embodiment, since the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the second power generation cell group 12 and the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the third power generation cell group 13 are the same, the solid electrolyte The temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the fuel cell 1 can be made more uniform.
・本実施例では、第１発電セル群１１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の数が第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の合計の数の２倍より大きい。従って、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３において、燃料ガスの供給量が少なくなることがないので、燃料利用率が低下することがない。 In this embodiment, the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the first power generation cell group 11 is twice the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13. large. Therefore, in the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13, the supply amount of fuel gas does not decrease, and the fuel utilization rate does not decrease.
また、第１発電セル群１１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の数が第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３の合計の数の１０倍より小さいので、第２及び第３発電セル群１２、１３に供給される燃料ガスの流量が多くなり過ぎない。従って、燃料ガスの圧損が大きくならないので、燃料ガスの供給を容易に行うことができる。 In addition, since the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the first power generation cell group 11 is smaller than 10 times the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells 3 in the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13, The flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the second and third power generation cell groups 12 and 13 does not increase too much. Therefore, the pressure loss of the fuel gas does not increase, so that the fuel gas can be easily supplied.
・本実施例では、第１〜第３発電セル群１１〜１３を直列に接続しているので、固体電解質形燃料電池１では、個々の固体電解質形燃料電池セル３から電力を取り出す必要がなく、よって、電力を取り出すときの制御や電流の統合を行う必要がないという利点がある。 In the present embodiment, since the first to third power generation cell groups 11 to 13 are connected in series, in the solid oxide fuel cell 1, it is not necessary to take out electric power from each solid oxide fuel cell 3. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to perform control and current integration when taking out electric power.
ｇ）次に、上述した構造を有する固体電解質形燃料電池の性能を確認した実験例について説明する。 g) Next, an experimental example for confirming the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell having the above-described structure will be described.
なお、本実験例では、第１発電セル群として１０個の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを積層し、第２及び第３発電セル群として、それぞれ１個の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを積層した固体電解質形燃料電池を用いた。また、電気ヒーターを備えた断熱容器に固体電解質形燃料電池を設置し、容器内を７００℃まで加熱し、ほぼ同じ温度まで予熱した燃料ガスと支燃性ガスを投入し、第１発電セル群の中央側面部と第２及び第３発電セル群の側面部温度も計測できるように熱電対を取り付けた。 In this experimental example, 10 solid electrolyte fuel cell units were stacked as the first power generation cell group, and one solid electrolyte fuel cell unit was stacked as the second and third power generation cell groups. An electrolyte fuel cell was used. In addition, a solid oxide fuel cell is installed in a heat insulating container equipped with an electric heater, the inside of the container is heated to 700 ° C., fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas preheated to approximately the same temperature are charged, and the first power generation cell group A thermocouple was attached so that the central side surface portion and the side surface temperature of the second and third power generation cell groups could be measured.
・そして、この固体電解質形燃料電池に、燃料ガスとしてＨ2ガスを７．６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ投入し、７５Ａの電流を取り出して発電した。なお、発電中は断熱容器の電気ヒーターは切り、断熱容器からの放熱と発電によるジュール熱がバランスするようにしているため、概ね７００℃が維持されながら発電が継続される。この状態で、第１発電セル群の中央側面部と第２、第３のセル群の側面部温度を計測した。 -Then, 7.6 L / min of H 2 gas was introduced into the solid electrolyte fuel cell as a fuel gas, and a current of 75 A was taken out to generate electric power. During the power generation, the electric heater of the heat insulating container is turned off so that the heat radiation from the heat insulating container and the Joule heat generated by the power generation are balanced, so that the power generation is continued while the temperature is generally maintained at 700 ° C. In this state, the temperature of the central side surface of the first power generation cell group and the side surface temperatures of the second and third cell groups were measured.
この場合、第１発電セル群の１個あたりの平均Ｈ2ガス流量は０．７６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、平均利用率は７５％となる。また第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の投入ガス流量は７．６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、その内Ｈ2ガス分は０．９５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、利用率は６０％となる。 In this case, the average H 2 gas flow rate per one first power generation cell group is 0.76 L / min, and the average utilization rate is 75%. The total input gas flow rate of the second and third power generation cell groups is 7.6 L / min, of which the H 2 gas component is 0.95 L / min, and the utilization factor is 60%.
このように、第１発電セル群、第２及び第３発電セル群の利用率は低く、セル毎の燃料バラツキの許容量を大きくすることができるにも拘わらず、この燃料電池全体の燃料利用率は９０％と高くすることができる。 As described above, although the utilization rate of the first power generation cell group, the second power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell group is low and the allowable amount of fuel variation for each cell can be increased, the fuel utilization of the entire fuel cell The rate can be as high as 90%.
・また、この固体電解質形燃料電池の積層方向の温度分布を調べた。 -Also, the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of this solid oxide fuel cell was examined.
その結果、第１発電セル群の中央側面部(７１０℃)と第２及び第３発電セル群の側面部温度(６９２℃)の温度差は、約２０℃以内で良好であった。 As a result, the temperature difference between the central side surface portion (710 ° C.) of the first power generation cell group and the side surface temperatures (692 ° C.) of the second and third power generation cell groups was good within about 20 ° C.
ｈ）次に、従来の固体電解質形燃料電池との比較実験について説明する。 h) Next, a comparison experiment with a conventional solid oxide fuel cell will be described.
ここでは、従来の固体電解質形燃料電池と比較するために、１２個の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを電気的に直列接続した固体電解質形燃料電池を作製した。なお、その他の条件は、前記実験例と同様である。 Here, for comparison with a conventional solid electrolyte fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell in which 12 solid electrolyte fuel cells were electrically connected in series was produced. Other conditions are the same as in the experimental example.
・そして、この燃料電池にＨ2ガスを７．６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ投入し、７５Ａの電流を取り出して発電した。 -Then, 7.6 L / min of H 2 gas was charged into this fuel cell, and a current of 75 A was taken out to generate electricity.
この場合、１個の固体電解質形燃料電池セルあたりの平均ガス流量は０．６３Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、平均利用率は９０％となる。また、各固体電解質形燃料電池セルに供給されるガス流量が少ないため、固体電解質形燃料電池セルごとの燃料バラツキの許容量は極めて小さいものとなる。 In this case, the average gas flow rate per solid electrolyte fuel cell is 0.63 L / min, and the average utilization is 90%. In addition, since the gas flow rate supplied to each solid electrolyte fuel cell is small, the allowable amount of fuel variation for each solid electrolyte fuel cell is extremely small.
・また、この従来の固体電解質形燃料電池の積層方向の温度分布を、前記実験例と同様にして調べた。 In addition, the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of this conventional solid oxide fuel cell was examined in the same manner as in the experimental example.
その結果、１２段の中央部となる下から６段目の側面温度（７１０℃）と両端に相当する下から１段目の側面温度(６５２℃)と１２段目の側面温度（６５４℃）には、約６０℃の温度分布があり、両端に近いセルほど電圧低下が大きいことが確認できた。 As a result, the side temperature of the sixth step from the bottom (710 ° C.), which is the center of the 12th step, the side temperature of the first step (652 ° C.) and the side temperature of the 12th step (654 ° C.) corresponding to both ends. Has a temperature distribution of about 60 ° C., and it was confirmed that the voltage drop was larger in the cells closer to both ends.
次に、実施例２について説明するが、前記実施例１と同様な内容の説明は省略する。 Next, the second embodiment will be described, but the description of the same contents as the first embodiment will be omitted.
なお、本実施例２の固体電解質形燃料電池の基本構造は、前記実施例１と同様であるので、図面は省略する。 Since the basic structure of the solid oxide fuel cell of Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, the drawing is omitted.
本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池では、第１発電セル群を構成する固体電解質形燃料電池セルを６個、第２及び第３発電セル群を構成する固体電解質形燃料電池セルをそれぞれ１個（合計２個）とした。 In the solid oxide fuel cell of this example, six solid electrolyte fuel cells constituting the first power generation cell group and one solid electrolyte fuel cell constituting the second and third power generation cell groups, respectively. (2 in total).
そして、実際にこの構成の固体電解質形燃料電池を作製し、Ｈ2ガスを５．０６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ投入し７５Ａの電流を取り出して発電した。 Then, actually to fabricate a solid electrolyte fuel cell of this configuration, and the H 2 gas and power generation is taken out 5.06L / min turned to 75A of current.
この場合、第１発電セル群の１個あたりの平均ガス流量は０．８４Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、平均利用率は６７．５％となる。また、第２及び第３発電セル群の投入ガス流量は合計で５．０６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、その内Ｈ2ガス分は０．８２Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、利用率は６９．３％となる。 In this case, the average gas flow rate per one first power generation cell group is 0.84 L / min, and the average utilization rate is 67.5%. In addition, the input gas flow rates of the second and third power generation cell groups are 5.06 L / min in total, the H 2 gas component is 0.82 L / min, and the utilization rate is 69.3%.
この燃料電池全体の燃料利用率は９０％となる。ただし、この構成では、第１発電セル群の利用率は低くなるが、第２及び第３発電セル群の利用率はあまり低くできないことになる。 The fuel utilization rate of the entire fuel cell is 90%. However, in this configuration, the utilization rate of the first power generation cell group is low, but the utilization rates of the second and third power generation cell groups cannot be reduced very much.
本実施例においても、前記実施例１と同様に、固体電解質形燃料電池セルの積層方向における温度分布を小さくできるとう利点がある。 In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, there is an advantage that the temperature distribution in the stacking direction of the solid oxide fuel cells can be reduced.
なお、第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数は、第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの合計の数の２〜１０倍であればよく、例えば、第１発電セル群を１２個、第２及び第３発電セル群を各２個（合計４個）としても、同様な効果が得られる。 The number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group may be 2 to 10 times the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups. The same effect can be obtained by using 12 power generation cell groups and 2 each of the second and third power generation cell groups (total of 4).
次に、実施例３について説明するが、前記実施例１と同様な内容の説明は省略する。 Next, the third embodiment will be described, but the description of the same contents as the first embodiment will be omitted.
ａ）まず、本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池の構成について、図７及び図８に基づいて説明する。 a) First, the configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell of this example will be described with reference to FIGS.
図７に示すように、固体電解質形燃料電池１１１は、第１発電セル群１２１、第２発電セル群１２２、第３発電セル群１２３、及びボルト１２５〜１４７を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 7, the solid oxide fuel cell 111 includes a first power generation cell group 121, a second power generation cell group 122, a third power generation cell group 123, and bolts 125 to 147.
第１発電セル群１２１は、１０個の固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３が積層されて形成されており、第２発電セル群１２２及び第３発電セル群１２３は、それぞれ第１発電セル群１２１よりも少ない各２個（合計４個）の固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３からなる。 The first power generation cell group 121 is formed by stacking ten solid oxide fuel cell cells 113. The second power generation cell group 122 and the third power generation cell group 123 are respectively formed from the first power generation cell group 121. Each of them is composed of two (four in total) solid oxide fuel cells 113.
また、第２発電セル群１２２は、第１発電セル群１２１の積層方向の一方の側（図７（ｂ）の上側）に積層されるとともに、第３発電セル群１２３は、第１発電セル群１２１の積層方向の他方の側（図７（ｂ）の下側）に積層されている。 The second power generation cell group 122 is stacked on one side (the upper side in FIG. 7B) of the first power generation cell group 121 in the stacking direction, and the third power generation cell group 123 is the first power generation cell. They are stacked on the other side of the group 121 in the stacking direction (the lower side in FIG. 7B).
前記ボルト１２５〜１４７は、第１発電セル群１２１と第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３を積層した積層体１１５を積層方向に押圧して固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３を拘束するために用いる部材であり、その構造から２種類のボルト１２５〜１４７が使用されている。 The bolts 125 to 147 restrain the solid oxide fuel cell 113 by pressing the laminated body 115 in which the first power generation cell group 121 and the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 are stacked in the stacking direction. It is a member to be used, and two types of bolts 125 to 147 are used because of its structure.
すなわち、単に固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３を押圧するための第１のボルト１３７〜１４７と、内部に燃料ガス又は空気が流通するガス流路を備えた第２のボルト１２５〜１３５である。このうち、第２のボルト１２５〜１４７には、空気のガス流路を備えた空気用のボルト１２５〜１２９と燃料ガスのガス流路を備えた燃料用のボルト１３１〜１３５とがある。 That is, the first bolts 137 to 147 for simply pressing the solid oxide fuel cell 113 and the second bolts 125 to 135 having gas flow paths through which fuel gas or air flows. Among these, the second bolts 125 to 147 include air bolts 125 to 129 having an air gas flow path and fuel bolts 131 to 135 having a fuel gas flow path.
また、固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３を構成する部材として、前記実施例１と同様に、（図示しないが）セル本体や集電体等があるが、そのうち、図８に示すように、空気極フレーム１４９には、第１発電セル群１２１用と第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３用とがある。 Further, as the members constituting the solid oxide fuel cell 113, there are a cell main body and a current collector (not shown) as in the first embodiment. Among them, as shown in FIG. The frame 149 includes a first power generation cell group 121 and a second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123.
具体的には、図８（ａ）に示すように、第１発電セル群１２１用の空気極フレーム１４９は、同図中の上端の４個の孔の左から２個目の孔（空気の流路Ａ１）と下端の４個の孔の右から２個目の孔（空気の流路Ａ２）とに空気を導くように形成されている。一方、図８（ｂ）に示すように、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３用の空気極フレーム１４９は、同図中の下端の４個の孔の右から２個目の孔（空気の流路Ａ２）と上端の４個の孔の右から２個目の孔（空気の流路Ａ３）とに空気を導くように形成されている。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8A, the air electrode frame 149 for the first power generation cell group 121 has a second hole (air flow) from the left of the four holes at the upper end in the figure. It is formed so as to guide air to the flow path A1) and the second hole (air flow path A2) from the right of the four holes at the lower end. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the air electrode frame 149 for the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 has the second hole from the right of the four holes at the lower end ( It is formed so as to guide air to the air passage A2) and the second hole (air passage A3) from the right of the four holes at the upper end.
同様に、燃料極フレーム１５１には、第１発電セル群１２１用と第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３用とがある。 Similarly, the fuel electrode frame 151 includes one for the first power generation cell group 121 and one for the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123.
具体的には、図８（ｃ）に示すように、第１発電セル群１２１用の燃料極フレーム１５１は、同図中の左端の４個の孔の下から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ１）と右端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ２）とに燃料を導くように形成されている。一方、図８（ｄ）に示すように、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３用の燃料極フレーム１５１は、同図中の右端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ２）と左端の４個の孔の上から２個目の孔（燃料の流路Ｆ３）とに燃料を導くように形成されている。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), the fuel electrode frame 151 for the first power generation cell group 121 has the second hole (the fuel hole) from the bottom of the four holes at the left end in the figure. It is formed so as to guide the fuel to the second hole (fuel flow path F2) from the top of the four holes at the right end of the flow path F1). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8D, the fuel electrode frame 151 for the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 has the second hole (from the top of the four holes at the right end in FIG. The fuel flow path F2) and the leftmost four holes are formed so as to lead the fuel to the second hole (fuel flow path F3).
ｂ）次に、空気及び燃料ガスの流路について、図９に基づいて説明する。 b) Next, air and fuel gas flow paths will be described with reference to FIG.
なお、図９においては、説明を簡単にするために、燃料ガス及び空気について最小限の数のボルトを示している。 In FIG. 9, the minimum number of bolts is shown for fuel gas and air for the sake of simplicity.
（空気の流路）
図９に示すように、支燃性ガスである空気は、空気用のボルト１２５の上方から供給され、ボルト１２５の軸中心に形成された中心孔１５３（流路Ａ１）に導入され、第１発電セル群１２１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１５５から第１発電セル群１２１に供給される。
(Air flow path)
As shown in FIG. 9, air, which is a combustion-supporting gas, is supplied from above the bolt 125 for air, introduced into the center hole 153 (flow path A1) formed at the axial center of the bolt 125, and the first The first power generation cell group 121 is supplied from a lateral hole 155 provided at a position corresponding to the power generation cell group 121.
第１発電セル群１２１に供給された空気は、第１発電セル群１２１を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内の空気流路１５７（図８（ａ）参照）に導入される。 The air supplied to the first power generation cell group 121 is introduced into the air flow path 157 (see FIG. 8A) in each solid electrolyte fuel cell 113 constituting the first power generation cell group 121.
次に、固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内に導入された空気流路１５７の空気は、他の空気中継用のボルト１２７の第１発電セル群１２１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１５９を介して、ボルト１２７の中心孔１６１（流路Ａ２）に導入され、ボルト１２７の上部に設けられた横穴１６３から第２発電セル群１２２に供給されるとともに、ボルト１２７の下部に設けられた横穴１６５から第３発電セル群１２３に供給される。なお、ボルト１２７からは外部に空気を排出しないので、中心孔１６１は貫通孔とはなっていない。 Next, the air in the air flow path 157 introduced into the solid oxide fuel cell 113 passes through a lateral hole 159 provided at a position corresponding to the first power generation cell group 121 of another air relay bolt 127. Then, it is introduced into the central hole 161 (flow path A2) of the bolt 127, supplied to the second power generation cell group 122 from the horizontal hole 163 provided at the upper part of the bolt 127, and at the horizontal hole 165 provided at the lower part of the bolt 127. To the third power generation cell group 123. In addition, since air is not discharged | emitted from the bolt 127 outside, the center hole 161 is not a through-hole.
そして、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３に供給された空気は、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内の空気流路１６７（図８（ｂ）参照）に導入される。 The air supplied to the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 is supplied from the air flow path 167 in each solid electrolyte fuel cell 113 constituting the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 (FIG. 8 (b)).
空気流路１６７に導入された空気は、他のボルト１２９の第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１６９、１７１を介して、ボルト１２９の中心孔１７３（流路Ａ３）に導入され、中心孔１７３の上方より固体電解質形燃料電池１１１外に排出される。 The air introduced into the air flow path 167 passes through the lateral holes 169 and 171 provided at positions corresponding to the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 of the other bolts 129, and the center hole 173 ( It is introduced into the flow path A3) and discharged out of the solid oxide fuel cell 111 from above the center hole 173.
（燃料ガスの流路）
燃料ガスは、燃料用のボルト１３５の上方から供給され、ボルト１３５の軸中心に形成された中心孔１７５（流路Ｆ１）に導入され、第１発電セル群１２１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１７７から第１発電セル群１２１に供給される。
(Fuel gas flow path)
The fuel gas is supplied from above the fuel bolt 135, introduced into a center hole 175 (flow path F <b> 1) formed at the axial center of the bolt 135, and provided at a position corresponding to the first power generation cell group 121. It is supplied to the first power generation cell group 121 from the lateral hole 177.
第１発電セル群１２１に供給された燃料ガスは、第１発電セル群１２１を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内の燃料流路１７９（図８（ｃ）参照）に導入される。 The fuel gas supplied to the first power generation cell group 121 is introduced into the fuel flow path 179 (see FIG. 8C) in each solid electrolyte fuel cell 113 constituting the first power generation cell group 121.
次に、固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内に導入された燃料流路１７９の燃料ガスは、他の燃料中継用のボルト１３３の第１発電セル群１２１に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１８１を介して、ボルト１３３の中心孔１８３（流路Ｆ２）に導入され、ボルト１３３の上部に設けられた横穴１８５から第２発電セル群１２２に供給されるとともに、ボルト１３３の下部に設けられた横穴１８７から第３発電セル群１２３に供給される。なお、ボルト１３３からは外部に燃料ガスを排出しないので、中心孔１８３は貫通孔とはなっていない。 Next, the fuel gas in the fuel flow path 179 introduced into the solid oxide fuel cell 113 passes through the lateral hole 181 provided at a position corresponding to the first power generation cell group 121 of the other fuel relay bolt 133. Through the center hole 183 (flow path F2) of the bolt 133, and is supplied to the second power generation cell group 122 from the lateral hole 185 provided in the upper part of the bolt 133, and is provided in the lower part of the bolt 133. 187 to the third power generation cell group 123. Since the fuel gas is not discharged from the bolt 133 to the outside, the center hole 183 is not a through hole.
そして、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３に供給された燃料ガスは、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３を構成する各固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３内の燃料流路１８９（図８（ｄ）参照）に導入される。 The fuel gas supplied to the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 is a fuel flow path 189 (in each solid electrolyte fuel cell 113 constituting the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123). (See FIG. 8D).
燃料流路１８９に導入された燃料ガスは、他のボルト１３５の第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３に対応する位置に設けられた横穴１９１、１９３を介して、ボルト１３５の中心孔１９５（流路Ｆ３）に導入され、中心孔１９５の上方より固体電解質形燃料電池１１１外に排出される。 The fuel gas introduced into the fuel flow path 189 passes through the horizontal holes 191 and 193 provided at positions corresponding to the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123 of the other bolts 135, and the center hole 195 of the bolt 135. It is introduced into (flow path F3), and is discharged out of the solid oxide fuel cell 111 from above the center hole 195.
ｃ）本実施例の固体電解質形燃料電池１１１は、前記実施例１と同様な効果を奏する。 c) The solid oxide fuel cell 111 of the present embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment.
また、本実施例では、空気を第１発電セル群１２１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３に分配供給し、第１発電セル群１２１の固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３にて反応した後の空気を統合し、統合した反応後の空気を、第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３の固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１１に分配供給している。 Further, in this embodiment, air is distributed and supplied to the solid electrolyte fuel cells 113 of the first power generation cell group 121, and the air after reacting in the solid electrolyte fuel cells 113 of the first power generation cell group 121 is changed. The integrated air after the reaction is distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells 111 of the second and third power generation cell groups 122 and 123.
これにより、すべての固体電解質形燃料電池セル１１３に十分な量の空気を供給することができるとともに、第１発電セル群１２１から排出されたより高温の空気を第２及び第３発電セル群１２２、１２３に供給するため、この点からも、固体電解質形燃料電池１１１内の温度分布を均一にすることができる。 Accordingly, a sufficient amount of air can be supplied to all the solid oxide fuel cells 113, and the higher-temperature air discharged from the first power generation cell group 121 can be supplied to the second and third power generation cell groups 122, Therefore, the temperature distribution in the solid oxide fuel cell 111 can be made uniform from this point as well.
以上、本発明の実施例について説明したが、本発明は、前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、種々の態様を採ることができる。 As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various aspect can be taken.
例えば、本発明は、前記実施例１〜３の様に、板状の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを積層した固体電解質形燃料電池に限らず、例えば円筒形状等の筒状の固体電解質形燃料電池セルを所定方向に積層配置した固体電解質形燃料電池に適用することも可能である。また、筒状の固体電解質形燃料電池セルについても、円筒に限らず、例えば扁平な形状で、内部に１又は複数のガス流路が形成された固体電解質形燃料電池セルを採用することができる。 For example, the present invention is not limited to a solid electrolyte fuel cell in which plate-shaped solid electrolyte fuel cells are stacked as in the first to third embodiments. For example, the present invention is a cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell having a cylindrical shape or the like. It is also possible to apply to a solid oxide fuel cell in which cells are stacked in a predetermined direction. Also, the cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell is not limited to a cylinder, and a solid electrolyte fuel cell in which one or a plurality of gas passages are formed in a flat shape, for example, can be adopted. .
１、１１１…固体電解質形燃料電池
３、１１３…固体電解質形燃料電池セル
５、１１５…積層体
１１、１２１…第１発電セル群
１２、１２２…第２発電セル群
１３、１２３…第３発電セル群
１５、１７、１９、２１、２３、２５、２７、２９、３１、３３、１２５、１２７、１２９、１３１、１３３、１３５、１３７、１３９、１４１、１４３、１４５、１４７、１４９…ボルト
３５、１７９、１８９…燃料流路
３７…燃料極
３９…固体電解質体
４１…空気極
４３、１５７、１６７…空気流路
５１、１４９…空気極フレーム
５７、１５１…燃料極フレーム
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,111 ... Solid electrolyte form fuel cell 3,113 ... Solid electrolyte form fuel cell 5,115 ... Laminate 11,121 ... 1st power generation cell group 12,122 ... 2nd power generation cell group 13,123 ... 3rd power generation Cell group 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149 ... bolt 35 179, 189 ... fuel flow path 37 ... fuel electrode 39 ... solid electrolyte body 41 ... air electrode 43, 157, 167 ... air flow path 51, 149 ... air electrode frame 57, 151 ... fuel electrode frame
Claims (5)
複数の前記固体電解質形燃料電池セルを所定方向に積層した第１発電セル群と、
１又は複数の前記固体電解質形燃料電池セルからなる第２及び第３発電セル群と、
前記燃料ガスを前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給し、該第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルにて反応した後の燃料ガスを統合し、該統合した反応後の燃料ガスを前記第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルへ分配供給する燃料ガス流路と、
を備えるとともに、
前記第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数を、前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数よりも少なくし、
且つ、前記第１発電セル群の積層方向の一方の側に前記第２発電セル群を積層するとともに、他方の側に前記第３発電セル群を積層したことを特徴とする固体電解質形燃料電池。 In a solid oxide fuel cell that generates power by supplying a fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen to a solid oxide fuel cell,
A first power generation cell group in which a plurality of the solid electrolyte fuel cells are stacked in a predetermined direction;
Second and third power generation cell groups comprising one or a plurality of the solid electrolyte fuel cells;
The fuel gas is distributed and supplied to the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the first power generation cell group, and the fuel gas after reacting in the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the first power generation cell group is integrated and integrated. A fuel gas flow path for distributing and supplying the reacted fuel gas to the solid electrolyte fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups;
With
The total number of solid oxide fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups is less than the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group;
In addition, the second power generation cell group is stacked on one side in the stacking direction of the first power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell group is stacked on the other side. .
前記第１発電セル群と前記第２発電セル群と前記第３発電セル群とを、電気的に直列接続したことを特徴とする固体電解質形燃料電池。 The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1,
A solid oxide fuel cell, wherein the first power generation cell group, the second power generation cell group, and the third power generation cell group are electrically connected in series.
前記第２発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数と前記第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数とを、同じとしたことを特徴とする固体電解質形燃料電池。 The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2,
A solid oxide fuel cell characterized in that the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second power generation cell group is the same as the number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the third power generation cell group.
前記酸素を含む支燃性ガスを前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給し、該第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルにて反応した後の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを統合し、該統合した反応後の酸素を含む支燃性ガスを、前記第２及び第３発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルに分配供給することを特徴とする固体電解質形燃料電池。 In the solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The oxygen-containing combustion-supporting gas is distributed and supplied to the solid oxide fuel cells of the first power generation cell group, and the oxygen-containing support after reacting in the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the first power generation cell group is supplied. A solid electrolyte type comprising: integrating a combustible gas; and distributing and supplying the integrated combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen after reaction to the solid oxide fuel cells of the second and third power generation cell groups. Fuel cell.
前記第１発電セル群の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数は、前記第２及び第３発電セル群の合計の固体電解質形燃料電池セルの数の２〜１０倍であることを特徴とする固体電解質形燃料電池。 In the solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the first power generation cell group is 2 to 10 times the total number of solid electrolyte fuel cells in the second and third power generation cell groups. Electrolytic fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009008972A JP5270385B2 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009008972A JP5270385B2 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010165629A JP2010165629A (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| JP5270385B2 true JP5270385B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
Family
ID=42581637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009008972A Active JP5270385B2 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5270385B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6213894B2 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2017-10-18 | Toto株式会社 | Solid oxide fuel cell device |
| DK3046171T3 (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2019-03-18 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL STACK. |
| JP6139393B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-05-31 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Fuel cell stack and fuel cell module |
| JP6093452B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-03-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Fuel cell stack and fuel cell module |
| JP6098615B2 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2017-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell and fuel cell system |
| JP6498992B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-04-10 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Flat fuel cell |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2816473B2 (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1998-10-27 | 株式会社フジクラ | Solid oxide fuel cell module |
| JPH10223240A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Fuel cell |
| JP3632468B2 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2005-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Gas separator for fuel cell and fuel cell using the gas separator for fuel cell |
| JP2001256993A (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Fuel cell laminate using high-concentration hydrogen gas |
| JP3509693B2 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2004-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of organic EL device |
| JP4598977B2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2010-12-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | Burning rate measuring device, limit combustion-supporting gas concentration measuring method, and method for handling powdery or granular substances |
| JP4025640B2 (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2007-12-26 | 京セラ株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| US7820333B2 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2010-10-26 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Fuel cell operating method with improved hydrogen and oxygen utilization |
| JP2007227162A (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
| JP2008176986A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell and fuel cell system |
| WO2008153073A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Solid state electrolyte fuel cell module |
| JP2009266534A (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-11-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
-
2009
- 2009-01-19 JP JP2009008972A patent/JP5270385B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2010165629A (en) | 2010-07-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6263638B2 (en) | Assembly method and arrangement for cell system | |
| JP7001408B2 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell device | |
| JP5270385B2 (en) | Solid electrolyte fuel cell | |
| US9728797B2 (en) | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack | |
| CN105765776B (en) | Unit stacking apparatus, module, and module housing apparatus | |
| EP2787570B1 (en) | Method of fabricating fuel cell stack device | |
| JP5709670B2 (en) | Fuel cell device | |
| JP5368333B2 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell | |
| JP5377271B2 (en) | Cell stack device, fuel cell module and fuel cell device | |
| JP2008066296A (en) | Electrochemical device | |
| JP6294134B2 (en) | Fuel cell stack | |
| JP2008041303A (en) | Separator of flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell | |
| EP1852929B1 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell | |
| JP5717559B2 (en) | Covered film member, current collecting member, and fuel cell apparatus | |
| JP6748518B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing electrochemical reaction cell | |
| JP6177836B2 (en) | Method for producing bonding material precursor and method for producing electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JP6407069B2 (en) | Fuel cell stack | |
| JP2008010255A (en) | Electrochemical device | |
| JP2004055195A (en) | Flat layer-built solid oxide fuel cell | |
| US20190288322A1 (en) | Electrochemical cell stack | |
| JP2013257973A (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell stack | |
| JP6797153B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JP2018181405A (en) | Fuel cell power generation module | |
| JP5840983B2 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell and fuel cell unit | |
| US11158878B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction cell stack |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110802 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130122 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20130123 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130322 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130416 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130509 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Ref document number: 5270385 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |