JP5267992B2 - Recycling method of tantalum capacitors - Google Patents
Recycling method of tantalum capacitors Download PDFInfo
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- JP5267992B2 JP5267992B2 JP2009067625A JP2009067625A JP5267992B2 JP 5267992 B2 JP5267992 B2 JP 5267992B2 JP 2009067625 A JP2009067625 A JP 2009067625A JP 2009067625 A JP2009067625 A JP 2009067625A JP 5267992 B2 JP5267992 B2 JP 5267992B2
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 93
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ceramic capacitors Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Description
本発明は、電子部品のリサイクル方法に関し、特に、タンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for recycling an electronic component, and more particularly to a method for recycling a tantalum capacitor.
タンタルは貴金属に次ぐ高価な金属であり、レアメタルの中で最も高価な金属の一つである。タンタルを主成分とする電子部品であるタンタルコンデンサは、小型で大容量を特徴とし、パソコン、携帯電話、デジカメ、カーオーディオなど多くの小型電気・電子機器類のプリント基板上に実装されている。
従来、プリント基板のリサイクルに関する技術の多くは、特許文献１〜３のように、銅や貴金属を対象とした金属と、ガラスエポキシ樹脂を構成するガラス及び樹脂などの非金属との分離に関する技術が知られていた。また、特許文献４〜６のように、使用済みのプリント基板から破砕機を利用して基板上の素子類を剥離する技術も知られているが、特に、タンタルコンデンサに着目したものはなかった。唯一、特許文献７に、タンタルコンデンサ製造工程で発生するタンタル粉末を回収する技術が知られているが、この技術は、使用済みのプリント基板から、基板に実装された素子類の中からタンタルコンデンサを回収してリサイクルすることに利用できるものではなかった。
Tantalum is the second most expensive metal after precious metals, and is one of the most expensive metals among rare metals. A tantalum capacitor, which is an electronic component mainly composed of tantalum, has a small size and a large capacity, and is mounted on a printed circuit board of many small electric / electronic devices such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, a digital camera, and a car audio.
Conventionally, many of the technologies related to the recycling of printed circuit boards are related to the separation of metals targeting copper and noble metals and non-metals such as glass and resin constituting glass epoxy resin, as in Patent Documents 1 to 3. It was known. In addition, as in Patent Documents 4 to 6, there is known a technique for peeling elements on a board from a used printed board by using a crusher, but there has been no particular focus on a tantalum capacitor. . Only Patent Document 7 discloses a technique for recovering tantalum powder generated in a tantalum capacitor manufacturing process. This technique is based on a tantalum capacitor among elements mounted on a substrate from a used printed circuit board. Was not available to collect and recycle.
使用済みのプリント基板上の素子類を剥離した破砕物中に占めるタンタルコンデンサの割合は非常に低く、タンタルコンデンサを比較的多く使用しているパソコンサーバーなどでも、全破砕物重量の数％程度でしかない。また、破砕物には類似の大きさ、形状をした他の素子類が多数混在しており、選別によりこれらの中から的確にタンタルコンデンサのみを回収するには、タンタルコンデンサと他の素子類の物性の差を詳細に見極めた選別プロセスの構築が課題となる。本発明では、使用済みのプリント基板上の素子類を剥離した破砕物に対して、汎用機器のみを利用して、スクリーニング（篩分け）、比重選別、磁選の３つのプロセスで、タンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物を得るタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法を提供しようとするものである。 The proportion of tantalum capacitors in the crushed material from which the elements on the used printed circuit boards are peeled off is very low, and even a personal computer server that uses a relatively large amount of tantalum capacitors is only a few percent of the total crushed weight There is only. In addition, many other elements of similar size and shape are mixed in the crushed material, and in order to accurately recover only the tantalum capacitor from these, the tantalum capacitor and other elements can be recovered. Building a sorting process that details the differences in physical properties is an issue. In the present invention, the tantalum capacitor high-performance is obtained by three processes, screening (sieving), specific gravity sorting, and magnetic separation, using only general-purpose equipment for crushed material from which elements on a used printed circuit board have been peeled off. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recycling a tantalum capacitor to obtain a concentrated product.
本発明のタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法では、使用済みのプリント基板から実装された素子類を剥離する剥離工程の後、タンタルコンデンサの物性に着目し、一次濃縮工程として篩分け選別を採用し、二次濃縮工程として比重選別を採用し、三次濃縮工程として磁選による選別を採用して、タンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物を得るものである。
本発明のタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法は、使用済みプリント基板から基板上に実装された素子類を破砕機により剥離して回収する剥離工程と、剥離工程で剥離回収した素子類を篩で篩分け選別することによりタンタルコンデンサと同じ寸法範囲の粒子を回収する一次濃縮工程と、一次濃縮産物から比重選別によりタンタルコンデンサと同じ比重範囲のものを回収する二次濃縮工程と、二次濃縮産物から、弱い磁選により非磁着物を回収してタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物とする三次濃縮工程と、からなることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の方法は、上記タンタルコンデンサと同じ寸法範囲は、０．８ｍｍ〜４．３ｍｍ又は０．７１ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の方法は、上記タンタルコンデンサと同じ比重範囲は、比重２．８〜４．３であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の方法は、上記弱い磁選は、剥離工程でリード線部をタンタルコンデンサ側に付着した状態で剥離したタンタルコンデンサを磁着せずに非磁着物として選別するための磁束密度０．０２４Ｔ程度であることを特徴とする。
In the recycling method of the tantalum capacitor of the present invention, after the peeling process of peeling off the mounted elements from the used printed circuit board, paying attention to the physical properties of the tantalum capacitor, adopting sieving selection as the primary concentration process, the secondary A specific gravity sorting is employed as the concentration step, and a magnetic separation is employed as the tertiary concentration step to obtain a highly concentrated product of tantalum capacitors.
The recycling method of the tantalum capacitor according to the present invention is a separation process in which elements mounted on a printed circuit board are separated by a crusher and collected, and the elements separated and collected in the separation process are sieved and selected. Weakness from the primary concentration process that collects particles in the same size range as the tantalum capacitor, the secondary concentration process that collects the same specific gravity range as the tantalum capacitor by selecting the specific gravity from the primary concentrated product, and the secondary concentrated product And a tertiary concentration step in which non-magnetized substances are collected by magnetic separation to obtain a highly concentrated product of tantalum capacitors.
The method of the present invention is characterized in that the same size range as that of the tantalum capacitor is 0.8 mm to 4.3 mm or 0.71 mm to 4.75 mm.
In the method of the present invention, the same specific gravity range as that of the tantalum capacitor is a specific gravity of 2.8 to 4.3.
In the method of the present invention, the weak magnetic separation is performed in such a manner that the tantalum capacitor separated in a state where the lead wire portion is attached to the tantalum capacitor side in the separation step is selected as a non-magnetized material without magnetizing. It is characterized by a degree.
タンタルコンデンサを実装する多くの小型電気・電子機器内の使用済みプリント基板から、汎用機器を組み合わせた工程のみにより、容易にタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物を回収することが可能となった。 High-concentration products of tantalum capacitors can be easily recovered from used printed circuit boards in many small electrical and electronic devices on which tantalum capacitors are mounted only by a process that combines general-purpose devices.
本発明のタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法は、使用済みのプリント基板から基板上に実装された素子類を剥離する剥離工程の後、タンタルコンデンサの物性に着目し、一次濃縮工程として篩分け選別を採用し、二次濃縮工程として比重選別を採用し、三次濃縮工程として磁選による選別を採用することにより、使用済みプリント基板からタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物を得るものである。 The recycling method of the tantalum capacitor of the present invention employs sieving and selection as the primary concentration step, focusing on the physical properties of the tantalum capacitor after the peeling step of peeling off the elements mounted on the substrate from the used printed circuit board. By employing specific gravity sorting as the secondary concentration step and magnetic sorting as the tertiary concentration step, a highly concentrated product of tantalum capacitors is obtained from the used printed circuit board.
使用済みのプリント基板から基板上に実装された素子類を剥離する剥離工程については、例えば、上記特許文献４〜６にも示されているように、汎用の破砕機を用いれば十分である。発明者らは、１０ｍｍ幅のスリット状スクリーンを備えた市販のハンマクラッシャ（吉田製作所製１０１８−Ｂ型）を用いて１分間程度破砕したところ、ガラスエポキシ基板から大部分の素子類が剥離したことを確認した。このように、プリント基板より素子類を剥離するには、破砕機などの既存の方法で実現が可能である。 About the peeling process which peels the elements mounted on the board | substrate from the used printed circuit board, it is sufficient if a general purpose crusher is used, for example, also by the said patent documents 4-6. The inventors crushed for about 1 minute using a commercially available hammer crusher (Yoshida Seisakusho 1018-B type) equipped with a slit screen having a width of 10 mm, and most of the elements were peeled off from the glass epoxy substrate. It was confirmed. Thus, in order to peel off elements from a printed circuit board, it is realizable with the existing methods, such as a crusher.
次に、剥離回収した素子類の中からタンタルコンデンサを一次濃縮する工程について説明する。
気流選別など粒子の比重に基づいた選別方法で濃縮するには、事前に狭い粒度幅に粒子サイズを揃えておくことが、効率よく濃縮を行う上で重要である。したがって、比重による選別を行う前に、サイズで選別しておく必要があり、このサイズで選別する工程を一次濃縮工程とする。
タンタルコンデンサのサイズはメーカーにより多少異なるものの、代表的なサイズを挙げると、図１に示した寸法範囲（Ｗ＝０．８〜４．３ｍｍ、Ｈ＝０．８〜２．８ｍｍ、Ｌ＝１．６〜７．３ｍｍの直方体）に収まる。そうすると、スクリーニング（篩分け）では、最も小さな面のサイズに基づいて分離がなされるので、図１で斜線の付された面のサイズ（Ｈ＝０．８〜２．８ｍｍ、Ｗ＝０．８〜４．３ｍｍ）が分離の基準となる。すなわち、篩の目開き０．８ｍｍ〜４．３ｍｍで篩分けすれば、ほぼすべてのタンタルコンデンサが篩分けにより配分される。なお、標準篩を用いる場合には、このようなサイズはないので、標準篩を用いる場合は目開き０．７１ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍで篩分けすることとなり、０．７１ｍｍ角の穴サイズの篩と４．７５ｍｍ角の穴サイズの篩とを用いて０．７１ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの粒子を篩分け選別すればよい。
上記タンタルコンデンサのサイズについては、すべての小型電気・電子機器に含まれるタンタルコンデンサを対象とした場合であるが、使用済みのプリント基板が特定の種類の機器を対象としたものであって、使用されているタンタルコンデンサが特定のサイズのものに限定される場合には、それに応じた目開きで篩分けすればよい。
Next, a process for primarily concentrating tantalum capacitors from the stripped and collected elements will be described.
In order to concentrate by a sorting method based on the specific gravity of particles such as airflow sorting, it is important to make the particle size uniform in a narrow particle size width in advance for efficient concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to sort by size before sorting by specific gravity, and the step of sorting by this size is the primary concentration step.
Although the size of the tantalum capacitor varies slightly depending on the manufacturer, the typical size is shown in FIG. 1 (W = 0.8 to 4.3 mm, H = 0.8 to 2.8 mm, L = 1). .6 to 7.3 mm rectangular parallelepiped). Then, in the screening (sieving), separation is performed based on the size of the smallest surface, so the size of the hatched surface in FIG. 1 (H = 0.8 to 2.8 mm, W = 0.8). -4.3 mm) is the standard for separation. That is, if sieving is performed with a sieve opening of 0.8 mm to 4.3 mm, almost all tantalum capacitors are distributed by sieving. In addition, since there is no such size when using a standard sieve, when using a standard sieve, it will be sieved with an aperture of 0.71 mm to 4.75 mm. What is necessary is just to screen and classify particles of 0.71 mm to 4.75 mm using a sieve having a 4.75 mm square hole size.
The size of the above tantalum capacitor is for tantalum capacitors included in all small electrical and electronic equipment. When the tantalum capacitor is limited to a specific size, it may be sieved with an opening corresponding to the tantalum capacitor.
次に、篩分けによって一次濃縮された素子類を、比重により選別する二次濃縮工程について説明する。
既に、上記一次濃縮工程の篩分けにより概ねサイズが揃っているから、精度の良い比重分離が期待できる。ここで、プリント基板から剥離された素子類の比重を調べたところ、基板の破砕物、コネクタ類、ＩＣなどの樹脂を主成分とするものや、ケミカルコンデンサのようにアルミニウムを主成分とするものは、概ね、比重１．５〜２．５の範囲に分布し、セラミックコンデンサ、サーミスタ、コイル、銅線、ジャンパピンなど、鉄や銅など重い金属を主体とするものは、比重６．０以上であった。そして、その中間の比重を有するものは、チップ抵抗、タンタルコンデンサ、水晶振動子などに限られ、これらは比重２．８〜４．３の範囲に分布した。このことから、種々の比重選別方法により、この比重２．８〜４．３の範囲である中間比重群を回収すれば、タンタルコンデンサをさらに濃縮することができる。
Next, a secondary concentration step of selecting elements primarily concentrated by sieving by specific gravity will be described.
Already, the sizes are almost the same by sieving in the primary concentration step, so that it is possible to expect specific gravity separation with high accuracy. Here, the specific gravity of the elements peeled off from the printed circuit board was examined. As a result, the main component was a resin such as a crushed substrate, connector, or IC, or the main component was aluminum such as a chemical capacitor. Is generally distributed in the range of specific gravity of 1.5 to 2.5, and those mainly composed of heavy metals such as iron and copper, such as ceramic capacitors, thermistors, coils, copper wires and jumper pins, have a specific gravity of 6.0 or more. Met. Those having an intermediate specific gravity are limited to chip resistors, tantalum capacitors, crystal resonators, and the like, and these are distributed in a specific gravity range of 2.8 to 4.3. From this fact, the tantalum capacitor can be further concentrated by recovering the intermediate specific gravity group having the specific gravity in the range of 2.8 to 4.3 by various specific gravity selection methods.
次に、三次濃縮工程について説明する。
上記二次濃縮工程で回収された中間比重群のうち、水晶振動子は鉄を主成分とする素子といえるので極めて磁着しやすい。そこで、弱い力で磁選すれば、水晶振動子が磁着物として除去することができ、非磁着物を回収すればタンタルコンデンサが濃縮されることとなる。
ここで、弱い力の磁選としたのは、次のような理由による。すなわち、剥離工程において、タンタルコンデンサのリード線部分は、プリント基板側に残って剥離される場合と、タンタルコンデンサ側に残って剥離される場合とが生じる。したがって、強い磁選を行うと、剥離工程でプリント基板から剥離したタンタルコンデンサのうち、リード線部分をタンタルコンデンサ側に残して剥離したタンタルコンデンサまでもが水晶振動子とともに磁着産物として除去されてしまうからである。
Next, the tertiary concentration step will be described.
Of the intermediate specific gravity group recovered in the secondary concentration step, the quartz crystal resonator can be said to be an element containing iron as a main component, and thus is extremely easily magnetized. Therefore, if the magnetic force is selected with a weak force, the crystal resonator can be removed as a magnetic material, and if the non-magnetic material is recovered, the tantalum capacitor is concentrated.
Here, the reason why the magnetic selection is performed with a weak force is as follows. That is, in the peeling process, there are cases where the lead wire portion of the tantalum capacitor remains on the printed circuit board side and is peeled off, and where the lead wire portion is left on the tantalum capacitor side and peeled off. Therefore, when strong magnetic separation is performed, among the tantalum capacitors that have been peeled off from the printed circuit board in the peeling process, even the tantalum capacitors that have been peeled off while leaving the lead wire portion on the tantalum capacitor side will be removed together with the crystal unit as a magnetic product. Because.
以上のように、本発明では、使用済みプリント基板から基板上に実装された素子類を剥離する剥離工程と、剥離した素子類から篩分け選別により０．８ｍｍ〜４．３ｍｍ又は０．７１ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの粒子を回収する一次濃縮工程と、一次濃縮産物から比重選別により比重２．８〜４．３のものを回収する二次濃縮工程と、二次濃縮産物を弱い磁選により非磁着物を回収する三次濃縮工程とにより、使用済みプリント基板からタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物を得ることができ、タンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法が実現できる。 As described above, in the present invention, a peeling process for peeling elements mounted on a substrate from a used printed circuit board, and 0.8 mm to 4.3 mm or 0.71 mm to 0.71 mm or more by sieving and sorting from the peeled elements. 4. Primary concentration step for collecting particles of 4.75 mm, secondary concentration step for recovering particles having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 4.3 by specific gravity selection from the primary concentrated product, and non-magnetized material by weak magnetic separation of the secondary concentrated product The highly concentrated product of tantalum capacitors can be obtained from the used printed circuit board by the third concentration step of recovering the tantalum, and a tantalum capacitor recycling method can be realized.
以下に、パソコンサーバー（ＰＣサーバー）の使用済みプリント基板から、タンタルコンデンサを回収する場合の実験例を示す。図２は、比較的大型のタンタルコンデンサのみが使用されたＰＣサーバーのプリント基板から剥離回収された素子類における、タンタルコンデンサの篩分け粒度分布を示したものであり、縦軸が重量割合（％）、横軸が篩分け粒度（ｍｍ）である。図２より、このケースでは２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍに全タンタルコンデンサの９７％が存在した。そこで剥離した素子類から、一次濃縮工程として、２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの粒子をスクリーニング（篩分け）により回収し一次濃縮産物とした。このＰＣサーバーのプリント基板から回収された全素子類に占めるタンタルコンデンサの重量割合は３．４％であったが、２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍにスクリーニング（篩分け）されたのちは、タンタルコンデンサの重量割合は２３．３％に増大した。なお、破砕時の状態により、例えば、基板部品の一部分が付着したり、タンタルコンデンサのリード線が変形するなどによって、図２では４．７５ｍｍ以上の粒群にも若干存在したが、その量は無視できる程度である。
ところで、上記のとおり、図１の断面サイズにあわせ、スクリーニング（篩分け）で０．７１ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの粒子を回収すれば、種々の製品のプリント基板が混在する場合においても高い回収率でタンタルコンデンサを回収することが出来るが、その分、スクリーリングによる濃縮の程度は低下する。一方、この実験例のように、特定の製品から回収されたタンタルコンデンサを対象とすれば、例えば、２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍに回収粒度を限定することにより、濃縮効果は一層増大する。
なお、選別工程では、初期段階で磁選を行う場合がしばしばあるが、プリント基板から剥離されたタンタルコンデンサに対して磁選を実施すると、タンタルコンデンサのリード線部分が磁着するため、リード線が付いたまま剥離したものと、リード線をプリント基板側に残して剥離したものとに分離される。すなわち、タンタルコンデンサが磁着側と非磁着側に分割されてしまう。このことから、選別プロセスの最初には、磁選を実施せずに、スクリーニングを行うことが重要である。
Below, an experimental example in the case of recovering a tantalum capacitor from a used printed circuit board of a personal computer server (PC server) is shown. Fig. 2 shows the sieving particle size distribution of tantalum capacitors in the elements peeled and collected from the printed circuit board of a PC server in which only relatively large tantalum capacitors are used. ), The horizontal axis is the sieving particle size (mm). From FIG. 2, in this case, 97% of all tantalum capacitors existed at 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm. Thus, from the separated elements, as a primary concentration step, particles of 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm were collected by screening (sieving) to obtain a primary concentrated product. The weight ratio of tantalum capacitors in all elements collected from the printed circuit board of this PC server was 3.4%, but after being screened (screened) to 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm, the tantalum capacitors The weight percentage increased to 23.3%. In addition, depending on the state at the time of crushing, for example, a part of the substrate component is attached or the lead wire of the tantalum capacitor is deformed. It can be ignored.
By the way, according to the cross-sectional size of FIG. 1, if particles of 0.71 mm to 4.75 mm are collected by screening (sieving) in accordance with the cross-sectional size of FIG. The tantalum capacitor can be recovered, but the degree of concentration by screening is reduced accordingly. On the other hand, when the tantalum capacitor recovered from a specific product is targeted as in this experimental example, the concentration effect is further increased by limiting the recovery particle size to, for example, 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm.
In the sorting process, magnetic separation is often performed in the initial stage. However, when magnetic separation is performed on a tantalum capacitor that has been peeled off from a printed circuit board, the lead wire portion of the tantalum capacitor is magnetically attached. It is separated into those that have been peeled off and those that have been peeled off leaving the lead wires on the printed circuit board side. That is, the tantalum capacitor is divided into a magnetized side and a non-magnetized side. For this reason, it is important to perform screening without performing magnetic separation at the beginning of the selection process.
次に、２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの一次濃縮産物に対して、二次濃縮工程として比重選別を実施した。ここでは、大量かつ簡便に比重分離が可能な縦型気流選別機を使用した。その結果、まず、流速１１ｍ／ｓ〜１４ｍ／ｓの上昇気流中で分離することにより、比重２．５以下の軽産物をオーバーフローさせて除去することができた。次いで、２２〜２４ｍ／ｓの流速を持つ(上昇)気流中で分離することにより、比重６．０以上を重産物として残し、中間比重群をオーバーフローさせて二次濃縮産物として回収することができた。例えば、１回目に１２．４ｍ／ｓ、２回目に２３．６ｍ／ｓで分離した場合、最終的に回収された二次濃縮産物中のタンタルコンデンサの重量割合は７４．９％まで向上し、気流選別におけるタンタルコンデンサの回収率は９７．７％となった。
なお、本実施例の場合は、タンタルコンデンサと同じ比重範囲２．８〜４．３の中間比重群より比重の軽い軽産物に含まれる素子類の比重は、２．５以下のものしかなく、逆に中間比重群より比重の重い重産物に含まれる素子類の比重は、６．０以上のものしかなかったので、比重選別は、上記のとおり、比重２．５以下のものを軽産物としてオーバーフローさせて除去し、比重６．０以上のものを重産物として残留させて除去すれば十分である。
Next, specific gravity sorting was performed as a secondary concentration step on the primary concentrated product of 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm. Here, a vertical airflow sorter capable of separating specific gravity in large quantities easily was used. As a result, first, light products having a specific gravity of 2.5 or less could be overflowed and removed by separation in an ascending airflow with a flow rate of 11 m / s to 14 m / s. Then, by separating in an (ascending) airflow with a flow rate of 22-24 m / s, a specific gravity of 6.0 or more remains as a heavy product, and the intermediate specific gravity group overflows and can be recovered as a secondary concentrated product. It was. For example, when separating at 12.4 m / s in the first time and 23.6 m / s in the second time, the weight ratio of the tantalum capacitor in the finally collected secondary concentrated product is improved to 74.9%, The recovery rate of tantalum capacitors in airflow sorting was 97.7%.
In the case of the present embodiment, the specific gravity of the elements contained in the light product having a lighter specific gravity than the intermediate specific gravity group in the same specific gravity range 2.8 to 4.3 as the tantalum capacitor is only 2.5 or less. Conversely, the specific gravity of elements contained in heavy products having a higher specific gravity than the intermediate specific gravity group was only 6.0 or higher. It is sufficient to remove it by overflowing it, leaving a specific gravity of 6.0 or more as a heavy product.
次に、二次濃縮産物に対して、三次濃縮工程の磁選を実施した。
上記二次濃縮工程で濃縮された二次濃縮産物について、タンタルコンデンサ以外の成分（２５．１％分に相当）について調べてみた。この実験で使用した試料のチップ抵抗は１ｍｍ〜２．３８ｍｍの粒群に全てが存在し、２．８ｍｍ〜４．７５ｍｍの粒群には全く存在しなかった。したがって、タンタルコンデンサ以外の主要成分は、比重が類似している水晶振動子であった。水晶振動子は鉄を主成分とする素子であり、磁選によって容易に磁着分離が可能である。ここで、回収された二次濃縮産物に対し磁束密度０．０２４Ｔの非常に弱い磁力で磁選を実施した結果、タンタルコンデンサはほとんど磁着産物に含まれず、磁着力の強い水晶振動子のみが磁着産物に含まれていた。そこで、この弱い磁選の非磁着産物を回収してタンタルコンデンサの３次濃縮産物とすると、タンタルコンデンサの重量割合は８５．０％まで向上し、磁選におけるタンタルコンデンサの回収率は９８．２％となった。
Next, the secondary concentration product was subjected to magnetic separation in the tertiary concentration step.
The secondary concentrated product concentrated in the secondary concentration step was examined for components other than the tantalum capacitor (corresponding to 25.1%). The chip resistance of the sample used in this experiment was all present in the grain group of 1 mm to 2.38 mm, and was not present in the grain group of 2.8 mm to 4.75 mm. Therefore, the main component other than the tantalum capacitor is a crystal resonator having a similar specific gravity. A crystal resonator is an element containing iron as a main component, and can be easily separated by magnetic separation. Here, as a result of performing magnetic separation on the recovered secondary concentrated product with a very weak magnetic force of magnetic flux density 0.024T, tantalum capacitors are hardly included in the magnetic product, and only a crystal unit having a strong magnetic force is magnetic. It was included in the kimono. Therefore, if this weakly magnetized non-magnetized product is recovered and used as the third concentrated product of the tantalum capacitor, the weight ratio of the tantalum capacitor is increased to 85.0%, and the recovery rate of the tantalum capacitor in the magnetic separation is 98.2%. It became.
以上のように、タンタルコンデンサ品位(重量割合)３．４％の破砕素子類を、図３に示すスクリーニング（篩分け）−気流選別−磁選の３つの濃縮工程により、タンタルコンデンサ品位８５．０％まで向上させることが出来た。また、３つの濃縮工程を合わせたタンタルコンデンサの回収率は９２．８％となり、損失分はわずか７．２％であった。 As described above, crushing elements having a tantalum capacitor quality (weight ratio) of 3.4% are converted into a tantalum capacitor quality of 85.0% by the three concentration steps shown in FIG. I was able to improve it. The recovery rate of the tantalum capacitor combined with the three concentration steps was 92.8%, and the loss was only 7.2%.
なお、上記実験をノートＰＣやハードディスクドライブ中のプリント基板から剥離回収された素子類に対しても実施したところ、同様の工程で、ノートＰＣでは、タンタルコンデンサ品位１．８％から回収率８２．３％で品位８２．６％に向上し、また、ハードディスクドライブでは、タンタルコンデンサ品位４．５％から回収率９２．８％で品位が９４．８％まで向上した。
ここでは３製品の選別例について示したが、製品に応じて、タンタルコンデンサの含有率やサイズ分布が異なり、それによって品位向上の効果や回収率が変わることは言うまでもない。
In addition, when the above experiment was carried out on elements that were peeled and collected from a printed circuit board in a notebook PC or hard disk drive, the recovery rate of 82. 3% improved the quality to 82.6%, and the hard disk drive improved from 4.5% tantalum capacitor quality to 94.8% with a recovery rate of 92.8%.
Here, the example of selecting three products is shown, but it goes without saying that the content and size distribution of tantalum capacitors differ depending on the product, and the effect of improving the quality and the recovery rate change accordingly.
実施例として、ＰＣサーバー、ノートＰＣ、ハードディスクの使用済みプリント基板からタンタルコンデンサを回収する例を示したが、本発明は、タンタルコンデンサを実装したプリント基板を有する製品であれば、どのような製品のプリント基板であっても適用できる。
また、予め、プリント基板に実装されているタンタルコンデンサの大きさや比重が予め限定できる場合には、一次濃縮工程の篩分け選別により回収する粒子の数値範囲を縮小し、二次濃縮工程の比重選別により回収する比重の数値範囲を縮小して行えば、品位向上の効果や回収率の向上の効果が期待できる。
なお、一次濃縮工程の篩分け選別や二次濃縮工程の比重選別は、他のチップ型電子部品のリサイクルにも利用することができる。
As an example, an example in which a tantalum capacitor is recovered from a used printed board of a PC server, a notebook PC, and a hard disk has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited to any product as long as it has a printed board mounted with a tantalum capacitor. Even a printed circuit board can be applied.
In addition, when the size and specific gravity of the tantalum capacitor mounted on the printed circuit board can be limited in advance, the numerical range of particles to be collected is reduced by sieving selection in the primary concentration process, and the specific gravity selection in the secondary concentration process. If the numerical range of the specific gravity to be collected is reduced, the effect of improving the quality and the effect of improving the recovery rate can be expected.
Note that the sieving and sorting in the primary concentration process and the specific gravity selection in the secondary concentration process can be used for recycling other chip-type electronic components.
Claims (2)
前記剥離工程で剥離回収したタンタルコンデンサを含む素子類を目開き０.８ｍｍ角の篩と目開き４.３ｍｍ角の篩で篩分け選別することにより最も小さな面のサイズが回収しようとするタンタルコンデンサの最も小さな面のサイズの寸法範囲と同じ寸法範囲である０.８ｍｍ角〜４.３ｍｍ角の粒子を回収する一次濃縮工程と、
前記一次濃縮工程で回収した一次濃縮産物から比重選別により回収しようとするタンタルコンデンサと同じ比重範囲である比重２.８〜４.３のものを回収する二次濃縮工程と、
前記二次濃縮工程で回収した二次濃縮産物から、磁束密度が０.０２４Ｔの弱い磁選により非磁着物を回収してタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物とする三次濃縮工程と、
からなることを特徴とするタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法。 A peeling step of peeling and collecting elements including a tantalum capacitor mounted on the used printed board from the used printed board by a crusher;
The tantalum capacitor to which the smallest surface size is to be recovered by screening the elements containing the tantalum capacitor peeled and collected in the peeling step with a sieve having a mesh size of 0.8 mm and a sieve having a mesh size of 4.3 mm. A primary concentration step of collecting particles having a size range of 0.8 mm square to 4.3 mm square, which is the same size range as the size range of the smallest surface of
A secondary concentration step of recovering a product having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 4.3 in the same specific gravity range as the tantalum capacitor to be recovered from the primary concentrated product recovered in the primary concentration step by specific gravity selection;
A tertiary concentration step in which non- magnetized substances are recovered from the secondary concentrated product recovered in the secondary concentration step by weak magnetic separation with a magnetic flux density of 0.024T to obtain a highly concentrated product of a tantalum capacitor;
A method for recycling a tantalum capacitor, comprising:
前記剥離工程で剥離回収したタンタルコンデンサを含む素子類を目開き０.７１ｍｍ角の標準篩と目開き４.７５ｍｍ角の標準篩で篩分け選別することにより最も小さな面のサイズが回収しようとするタンタルコンデンサの最も小さな面のサイズの寸法範囲と同じ寸法範囲である０.７１ｍｍ角〜４.７５ｍｍ角の粒子を回収する一次濃縮工程と、
前記一次濃縮工程で回収した一次濃縮産物から比重選別により回収しようとするタンタルコンデンサと同じ比重範囲である比重２.８〜４.３のものを回収する二次濃縮工程と、
前記二次濃縮工程で回収した二次濃縮産物から、磁束密度が０.０２４Ｔの弱い磁選により非磁着物を回収してタンタルコンデンサの高濃縮産物とする三次濃縮工程と、
からなることを特徴とするタンタルコンデンサのリサイクル方法。 A peeling step of peeling and collecting elements including a tantalum capacitor mounted on the used printed board from the used printed board by a crusher;
The elements containing the tantalum capacitors peeled and collected in the peeling step are screened and sorted with a standard sieve having a 0.71 mm square and a 4.75 mm square standard sieve, so that the smallest surface size is collected. A primary concentration step of collecting particles having a size range of 0.71 mm square to 4.75 mm square, which is the same size range as the size range of the smallest surface of the tantalum capacitor;
A secondary concentration step of recovering a product having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 4.3 in the same specific gravity range as the tantalum capacitor to be recovered from the primary concentrated product recovered in the primary concentration step by specific gravity selection;
A tertiary concentration step in which non- magnetized substances are recovered from the secondary concentrated product recovered in the secondary concentration step by weak magnetic separation with a magnetic flux density of 0.024T to obtain a highly concentrated product of a tantalum capacitor;
A method for recycling a tantalum capacitor, comprising:
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