JP5266498B2 - Abnormality judgment method of wheel bearing part of cooler carriage of sintering machine cooling device - Google Patents

Abnormality judgment method of wheel bearing part of cooler carriage of sintering machine cooling device Download PDF

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JP5266498B2
JP5266498B2 JP2008129042A JP2008129042A JP5266498B2 JP 5266498 B2 JP5266498 B2 JP 5266498B2 JP 2008129042 A JP2008129042 A JP 2008129042A JP 2008129042 A JP2008129042 A JP 2008129042A JP 5266498 B2 JP5266498 B2 JP 5266498B2
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distance
cooler
abnormality
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泰光 古川
幹夫 佐野
進 藤原
則善 酒井
雅生 北垣
克彦 寺前
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JFE Steel Corp
JFE Advantech Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、焼結工場、とくに焼結機の冷却設備におけるクーラ台車のように比較的低速で走行する台車の車輪軸受部の劣化判定に好適に用いられる焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a wheel of a cooler carriage of a sintering machine cooling apparatus that is preferably used for determining deterioration of a wheel bearing portion of a carriage that travels at a relatively low speed, such as a cooler carriage in a cooling facility of a sintering machine. The present invention relates to a bearing portion abnormality determination method.

各種台車の車輪に用いられている軸受部の摩耗や損傷などの異常を検出する方法としては、振動センサを利用した接触式のものが一般的である。この検出方法は、台車の振動周波数を分析することによって、劣化、即ち、異常を検出している。その他、軸受部の異常は、振動により発熱昇温を伴うので、軸受部に温度センサを取付けて診断する方法もある。   As a method for detecting abnormalities such as wear and damage of bearings used for wheels of various carts, a contact type using a vibration sensor is generally used. In this detection method, deterioration, that is, abnormality is detected by analyzing the vibration frequency of the carriage. In addition, since an abnormality in the bearing portion is accompanied by an increase in temperature of heat generation due to vibration, there is also a method of diagnosing by attaching a temperature sensor to the bearing portion.

しかしながら、台車が走行する環境が、例えば焼結工場や製鋼工場のような比較的高温で粉塵が舞うような劣悪な環境とか、振動分析による診断が技術的に困難であるような場合には、振動センサ、温度センサなどの接触式センサでは十分な軸受異常を検出することはできない。   However, if the environment in which the carriage travels is a poor environment where dust is dancing at a relatively high temperature, such as a sintering factory or a steelmaking factory, or if diagnosis by vibration analysis is technically difficult, A contact type sensor such as a vibration sensor or a temperature sensor cannot detect a sufficient bearing abnormality.

従来、このような背景の下で、台車の車輪の保守管理のために、非接触のセンサを用いて、その軸受部の異常を検出する方法が提案されている(特許文献1および2)。   Conventionally, a method for detecting an abnormality of a bearing portion using a non-contact sensor has been proposed for maintenance and management of a wheel of a carriage under such a background (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

例えば、特許文献1には、軌道上を走行する車輌軸受部のガタを検出するに当たり、走行車輌の車輪に対し、3〜5点の距離センサを取付けて、個々の車輪の傾斜量および軸方向の移動変化量を測定することにより、非接触式で車輪軸受部の劣化状態を把握するガタ検出方法が開示されている。即ち、この方法は、軌道上を低速で走行する車輌軸受部のガタ検出に当たり、前記車輪の上部および下部に面して配置した2個のレーザ式距離センサによって、この車輪の上部および下部の距離を測定し、演算装置に読み込み、その演算結果を前記車輪の車軸に対する傾斜量および軸方向の移動変化量として出力し、車輪軸受部のガタを検出する方法である。   For example, in Patent Document 1, when detecting the backlash of a vehicle bearing that travels on a track, 3 to 5 distance sensors are attached to the wheels of the traveling vehicle, and the tilt amount and axial direction of each wheel are attached. A backlash detection method is disclosed in which a deterioration state of a wheel bearing portion is grasped in a non-contact manner by measuring a movement change amount of the wheel. That is, in this method, in detecting the backlash of the vehicle bearing portion that travels at low speed on the track, the distance between the upper and lower portions of the wheel is determined by two laser distance sensors arranged facing the upper and lower portions of the wheel. Is measured and read into a calculation device, and the calculation result is output as the amount of inclination of the wheel with respect to the axle and the amount of movement change in the axial direction, thereby detecting the backlash of the wheel bearing portion.

また、特許文献2は、トラフ台車の通過を検出する台車センサ−と、車輪の外側の上下に設けられ、車輪側面までの距離を測定する2対の距離センサ−による検出情報に基づき個々の車輪側面までの距離、傾きおよび内外車輪スパンを演算し、その距離、傾きおよび内外車輪スパンとそれぞれの設定値とを比較演算する演算器と、演算結果を表示する表示器とを備えることにより、焼結ク−ラ−の走行車輪軸受け異常診断を行なう装置を開示している。
特開平11-344332号公報 特開2000-346564号公報
Further, Patent Document 2 discloses individual wheels based on detection information from a cart sensor that detects the passage of a trough cart and two pairs of distance sensors that are provided above and below the wheel and measure the distance to the wheel side surface. By calculating the distance to the side, inclination and inner / outer wheel span, comparing the distance, inclination and inner / outer wheel span with the respective set values, and a display for displaying the calculation result, An apparatus for diagnosing running wheel bearing abnormality of a tie cooler is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-344332 JP 2000-346564 A

特許文献1、2に開示されている方法は、それぞれに有効な方法であるが、全体の精度の点でなお改良の余地が残されていた。そこで、本発明の目的は、簡便でしかも車輪軸受部の異常を高い精度で検出できるようにするための台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法を提案することにある。   The methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are effective methods for each, but there is still room for improvement in terms of overall accuracy. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to propose a method for determining an abnormality of a wheel bearing portion of a cart so that the abnormality of the wheel bearing portion can be detected with high accuracy.

従来技術が抱えている上述した課題を克服して上記の目的を確実に達成し得る焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常検出方法として、本発明は、サークル状軌道をエンドレスに走行する複数の台車を順次に接続ピンにより連結してなる焼結機冷却装置におけるクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常を判定するに当たり、該クーラ台車の車輪の上輪部および下輪部の外側面に対面する位置に、2個一対の距離センサと車輪の車軸レベルの高さに配置された車輪検知センサとをセンサ取付け台のアーム部に固定設置して、前記一対の距離センサと、前記車輪検知センタと、車輪を特定するための車輪認識スイッチとを使って、前記車輪検知センサによる車輪進入の検知と同時に距離センサによる車輪位置測定とを内輪、外輪についてそれぞれ行うと共に、車輪認識スイッチによる車輪認識と前記距離センサによる車輪位置測定値に基づいて、上輪部および下輪部間での距離差から求められる個々の車輪の傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を各台車の各車輪毎に予め蓄積されている閾値と対比することにより、車輪軸受部異常を検知し警報を出すことを特徴とする焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法を提案する。 As an abnormality detection method for a wheel bearing portion of a cooler carriage of a sintering machine cooling device that can overcome the above-described problems of the prior art and surely achieve the above object, the present invention provides an endless circle-shaped track. In determining the abnormality of the wheel bearing portion of the cooler carriage in the cooling apparatus for the sintering machine in which a plurality of traveling carriages are sequentially connected by the connection pins , the outer surfaces of the upper and lower wheels of the wheels of the cooler carriage are determined. in a position facing the two a pair of distance sensors and the wheel sensor disposed in an axle level of the height of the wheel and fixedly installed on the arm portion of the sensor mount, and said pair of distance sensors, wherein the wheel a detection center with a wheel sensor switch to identify the wheel, said sensing an inner ring and wheel position measurement by the distance sensor at the same time the wheel approach by the wheel sensor, respectively, for the outer ring Utotomoni, on the basis of the wheel position measurement by the distance sensor and the wheel recognition by the wheel sensor switches, superior limbic keratitis unit and individual wheels slope obtained from the distance difference between Shitawa unit and the average amount of positional deviation axle direction the by comparing the pre-stored electrical threshold for each wheel of each bogie, the cooler carriage sintering machine cooling apparatus characterized by alerting detects an abnormality in the wheel bearing of the wheel bearing unit We propose an abnormality determination method.

また、本発明は、
)前記車輪検知センサは、車輪の前輪部分もしくは後輪部分が測定位置に進入してきたことを検知し、前記距離センサに出力して、車輪の上輪部および下輪部と該距離センサとの間の距離測定を指示するタイミングセンサとして機能するものであること、
)前記車輪認識スイッチは、連結式台車内のいずれか1の台車の内輪もしくは外輪のいずれか1の車輪に取付けられたスイッチであって、車輪を特定するために用いられるものであること、
)前記距離センサによって測定された距離を演算装置に読み込み、車輪の上輪部および下輪部間の距離差から前記車輪の傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を求めることにより、車輪軸受部の異常の有無を検知判定すること、
)前記車輪認識スイッチは、各台車のうちのいずれか基準にすべき台車に取付けられた近接スイッチであること、
)前記個別測定された車輪傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を、車輪毎の履歴データとして蓄積することによって、各車輪の経時的な劣化状態を監視して車輪軸受部の劣化判定を行なうこと、
が、好ましい解決手段となる。
The present invention also provides:
( 1 ) The wheel detection sensor detects that the front wheel portion or the rear wheel portion of the wheel has entered the measurement position, and outputs it to the distance sensor to output the wheel upper and lower wheels and the distance sensor. Function as a timing sensor to instruct distance measurement between
( 2 ) The wheel recognition switch is a switch attached to any one of the inner wheel and the outer wheel of any one of the connected carts, and is used to identify the wheel. ,
( 3 ) A wheel bearing is obtained by reading the distance measured by the distance sensor into a computing device and obtaining the inclination of the wheel and the average displacement in the axle direction from the difference in distance between the upper and lower wheels of the wheel. Detecting the presence or absence of abnormalities in the
( 4 ) The wheel recognition switch is a proximity switch attached to a carriage to be used as a reference of each carriage,
( 5 ) By accumulating the individually measured wheel inclination and the average amount of displacement in the axle direction as history data for each wheel, the deterioration state of each wheel over time is monitored to determine deterioration of the wheel bearing portion. What to do,
Is a preferred solution.

本発明によれば、車輪の上輪部および下輪部の外側面位置(測定基準点からの距離)を検出する一対(2個)の距離センサと、車輪の進入を検知する、少なくとも1つの車輪検知センサおよび車輪認識スイッチとを採用したことにより、車輪の上輪部および下輪部位置の距離測定データから、車輪の傾き、平均位置ずれ量、車輪の特定、車輪の履歴を正確に検出できる。   According to the present invention, the pair of (two) distance sensors that detect the outer surface positions (distances from the measurement reference point) of the upper and lower wheel portions of the wheel, and at least one that detects the approach of the wheel By adopting a wheel detection sensor and a wheel recognition switch, it is possible to accurately detect the tilt of the wheel, average displacement, wheel identification, and wheel history from the distance measurement data of the wheel upper and lower wheel positions. it can.

また、本発明によれば、各センサによる測定は、車輪認識スイッチを設けることにより、連続測定の他、間欠測定のいずれの測定も可能であり、測定の省力化と正確化とを同時に実現することができる。   In addition, according to the present invention, the measurement by each sensor can be performed by continuous measurement as well as intermittent measurement by providing a wheel recognition switch, thereby simultaneously realizing labor saving and accuracy of measurement. be able to.

さらに、本発明によれば、各車輪毎個別に、傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量(移動変化量)を検出することができるから、各車輪軸受部の倒れや軸受部からの離脱状態を正確に知ることができ、車輪軸受部の劣化状態をより早期にかつ正確に行なうことができる。従って、台車およびその車輪の保守管理が容易になり、台車使用設備の稼動効率向上に寄与することができる。   Further, according to the present invention, since the inclination and the average positional deviation amount (movement change amount) in the axle direction can be detected individually for each wheel, the falling state of each wheel bearing portion and the detached state from the bearing portion can be detected. It is possible to know accurately, and the deterioration state of the wheel bearing portion can be performed earlier and accurately. Therefore, the maintenance management of the cart and its wheels is facilitated, which can contribute to the improvement of the operation efficiency of the equipment using the cart.

さらに、本発明によれば、各車輪毎に行なう車輪軸受部の異常検知、警報判定では、対象が焼結機用冷却装置、すなわち、サークル状の軌道上を複数台の台車が連結されてエンドレスに走行するようなクーラ台車の保守管理に好適である。 Furthermore, according to the present invention, in the abnormality detection and alarm determination of the wheel bearing portion performed for each wheel, the object is a cooling device for a sintering machine, that is, a plurality of carriages are connected to each other on a circle-shaped track. it is suitable for the maintenance and management of the cooler base vehicle such as to run to.

さらに、本発明によれば、車輪検知センサの他に車輪認識スイッチを併せて設けたことにより、車輪の特例が容易になると共に、連結された台車の車輪軸受部の通過位置がたとえ変化したような場合でも、判断精度を高めることができる。   Furthermore, according to the present invention, the provision of the wheel detection switch in addition to the wheel detection sensor facilitates the special case of the wheel, and the passing position of the wheel bearing portion of the connected cart seems to have changed. Even in this case, the determination accuracy can be improved.

さらにまた、本発明によれば、各車輪毎に求められた車軸に対する傾きおよび平均位置ずれ量のデータを車輪毎の履歴データとして蓄積して管理するので、各車輪の車輪軸受部の経時的な劣化状況を正確に把握することができ、台車の車輪軸受部の保守管理化が確実にかつ容易にできる。   Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the data of the inclination and average positional deviation amount with respect to the axle determined for each wheel is accumulated and managed as history data for each wheel, the wheel bearing portion of each wheel over time is managed. The deterioration state can be accurately grasped, and maintenance and management of the wheel bearing portion of the carriage can be surely and easily performed.

以下、本発明に係る台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法の好適実施形態について図1〜図6を参照して説明する。本発明は、軌道、例えば、図3に示すようなサークル状の軌道1上を走行する連結式台車、例えば、焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪3の軸受部の異常を早期に検出して警報判定をする方法である。この方法の実施のために、本発明では、その車輪3の正確な位置を測定するために、この車輪の上輪部3aおよび下輪部3bの外側面に対面する位置に、2個一対の距離センサ4、5をセンサ取付け台6のアーム6a部に固定する。即ち、この距離センサ4、5は、アーム6aに固定された状態において、これが測定基準位置となり、この距離センサ4、5による測定値(x、y)は、車輪3の上輪部3aおよび下輪部3bの外側面と該距離センサ4、5との距離(x、y)を示すものである。これらのセンサ4、5は超音波式距離センサでもよいが、望ましくはレーザビーム型変位センサを用いることが好ましい。   DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of an abnormality determination method for a wheel bearing portion of a cart according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The present invention detects at an early stage an abnormality in a bearing part of a wheel 3 of a coupled cart that runs on a track, for example, a circle-shaped track 1 as shown in FIG. 3, for example, a cooler cart of a sintering machine cooling device. This is a method of making an alarm judgment. For the implementation of this method, in the present invention, in order to measure the exact position of the wheel 3, a pair of two are placed at positions facing the outer surfaces of the upper wheel portion 3a and the lower wheel portion 3b of the wheel. The distance sensors 4 and 5 are fixed to the arm 6a portion of the sensor mounting base 6. That is, when the distance sensors 4 and 5 are fixed to the arm 6a, this is the measurement reference position, and the measured values (x, y) by the distance sensors 4 and 5 are the upper wheel portion 3a and the lower wheel 3 of the wheel 3. The distance (x, y) between the outer surface of the ring portion 3b and the distance sensors 4 and 5 is shown. Although these sensors 4 and 5 may be ultrasonic distance sensors, it is preferable to use laser beam type displacement sensors.

本発明において、これらのセンサ4、5として、とくにレーザビーム型変位センサに着目した理由は、レーザビームを用いる方が、温度や粉塵による影響が少なく、とくに距離センサとして精度がよいからである。   In the present invention, the reason for focusing on the laser beam type displacement sensor as these sensors 4 and 5 is that the use of a laser beam is less affected by temperature and dust, and is particularly accurate as a distance sensor.

図1、2に示すように、前記センサ取付け台6のアーム6aには、また、車輪3の車軸レベル(車輪の高さ方向の中央部)に相当する位置に、車輪3の前輪部もしくは後輪部(図2に示す例は前輪部)が進入(測定位置への走行)したことを検知するための、車輪検知センサ7が固定設置される。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the arm 6 a of the sensor mounting base 6 has a front wheel portion or a rear portion of the wheel 3 at a position corresponding to an axle level of the wheel 3 (a central portion in the wheel height direction). A wheel detection sensor 7 is fixedly installed for detecting that the wheel portion (the front wheel portion in the example shown in FIG. 2) has entered (traveled to the measurement position).

この車輪検知センサ7としては、レーザビーム型変位センサや超音波式距離センサの他、さらに金属検出器など車輪の進入を検知できれるのであればよい。このセンサ7による車輪の進入検知は、車輪の前輪部分か後輪部分の進入を認識するものであればよく、この進入検知により、前記距離センサ4、5による車輪の位置検出、即ち、車輪3の上輪部3aと距離センサ4間の距離(x)と、下輪部3bと距離センサ5間の距離(y)の測定を促すためのタイミングセンサとして機能するものである。   As the wheel detection sensor 7, in addition to the laser beam type displacement sensor and the ultrasonic distance sensor, any metal detector may be used as long as it can detect the approach of the wheel. The wheel 7 may be detected by the sensor 7 as long as it recognizes the front wheel portion or the rear wheel portion of the wheel, and the wheel position detection by the distance sensors 4 and 5, that is, the wheel 3 is detected by this approach detection. It functions as a timing sensor for prompting the measurement of the distance (x) between the upper wheel portion 3a and the distance sensor 4 and the distance (y) between the lower wheel portion 3b and the distance sensor 5.

例えば、図2に示すように、焼結機のクーラ台車の車輪3の前輪部分が、矢印方向から(図中、右から左方向)進入したことを検知したら、これを該車輪検知センサ7が前記2個の距離センサ4、5に出力し、これらの距離センサ4、5と車輪3の上輪部3外側面および下輪部3b外側面との距離xおよびyの測定を指示する。本発明では、このように距離センサ4、5の他にタイミングセンサである車輪検知センサ7を用いているので、連結台車からなる焼結クーラ台車の各車輪3が、常に同じ位置において、車輪3の位置、ひいては車輪の傾き、車軸方向への平均位置ずれ量(x+y/2)を測定できることになり、ひいては車輪の軸受部の変化を精度よく検出できることになる。   For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when it is detected that the front wheel portion of the wheel 3 of the cooler carriage of the sintering machine has entered from the direction of the arrow (from the right to the left in the figure), this is detected by the wheel detection sensor 7. Output to the two distance sensors 4 and 5 is instructed to measure the distances x and y between the distance sensors 4 and 5 and the outer surface of the upper wheel portion 3 and the outer surface of the lower wheel portion 3b of the wheel 3. In the present invention, since the wheel detection sensor 7 which is a timing sensor is used in addition to the distance sensors 4 and 5 as described above, the wheels 3 of the sintered cooler carriage made of the connecting carriage are always in the same position. Thus, the inclination of the wheel and the average displacement (x + y / 2) in the direction of the axle can be measured, and the change in the bearing portion of the wheel can be detected with high accuracy.

なお、連結台車である焼結機のクーラ台車は、複数箇所(既存装置では2箇所駆動が代表的である)で、サークル状の軌道1上を走行するものであるが、各台車は、接続ピンによって連結駆動されているために、走行駆動が円滑ではなく、連結部の遊びやピンの摩耗により、走行状態が常に変動することが知られている。従って、こうした焼結機のクーラ台車は、予期できない走行をすることが多く、しかも、不定期に引っ張られたり、押されたりして走行するため、各台車間の間隙も微妙に変化する。しかも、焼結鉱の冷却制御の如何によっては、該クーラ台車の走行速度自体も変化(夏場、冬場によっても異なり、また、焼結機の生産量変化によっても変動する)する。この点、本発明によれば、台車の車輪の上輪部3aと下輪部3bの2個所に距離センサ4、5を配置して2個所の距離を測定して車輪3の状態を立体的に検知するようにしたので、個々の車輪の車軸に対する傾きおよび車軸方向への平均位置ずれ量が正確に把握できる。この点、特許文献1に記載の方法では、位置(距離)センサの作動は、台車の先行端が特定位置を通過したことを確認した後の一定時間(T1秒)後に作動するようにしているため、そのタイムラグによって、測定の誤差が出やすい。この点、本発明では、車輪検知センサ7による車輪進入の検知と同時に距離センサ4、5による距離測定が行われ、かつこのときの平均位置ずれ量が検出されるため、測定精度とその信頼性が向上する。なお、距離センサ4、5による距離xおよびyの測定値の差は、主として、軸受内のベアリングの摩耗による隙間差を意味しており、その隙間が大きくなると、車輪が傾くのである。また、距離x、yの平均値の過去のデータとの対比により、車輪の車軸方向への平均位置ずれ量(移動変化量)がわかる。   In addition, the cooler cart of the sintering machine, which is a connected cart, runs on a circle-shaped track 1 at a plurality of locations (two-site drive is typical in existing equipment). It is known that the driving is not smooth because it is connected and driven by the pin, and the driving state always fluctuates due to play of the connecting part and wear of the pin. Therefore, the cooler cart of such a sintering machine often runs unpredictably, and also travels by being pulled or pushed irregularly, so that the gap between the carts changes slightly. Moreover, depending on the cooling control of the sintered ore, the running speed of the cooler carriage itself changes (varies depending on the summer and winter seasons, and also varies depending on the production amount of the sintering machine). In this respect, according to the present invention, the distance sensors 4 and 5 are arranged at two locations of the upper wheel portion 3a and the lower wheel portion 3b of the wheel of the truck, and the distance between the two locations is measured, so that the state of the wheel 3 is three-dimensional. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the inclination of each wheel with respect to the axle and the average positional deviation in the axle direction. In this regard, in the method described in Patent Document 1, the operation of the position (distance) sensor is performed after a certain time (T1 seconds) after confirming that the leading end of the carriage has passed the specific position. Therefore, measurement errors are likely to occur due to the time lag. In this respect, in the present invention, since the distance measurement by the distance sensors 4 and 5 is performed simultaneously with the detection of the wheel approach by the wheel detection sensor 7 and the average positional deviation amount at this time is detected, the measurement accuracy and its reliability are measured. Will improve. Note that the difference between the measured values of the distances x and y by the distance sensors 4 and 5 mainly means a gap difference due to wear of the bearings in the bearing, and the wheels tilt when the gap becomes large. Further, the average displacement amount (movement change amount) of the wheels in the axle direction can be obtained by comparing the average values of the distances x and y with the past data.

本発明において、車輪の上輪部3aと下輪部3bの位置検出を行う距離センサ4、5と、車輪の進入を検知する車輪検知センサ7と、そして、車輪認識スイッチ8を用いて車輪軸受部の劣化判定に用いるシステムの構成を図3に示す。   In the present invention, wheel bearings using distance sensors 4 and 5 that detect the positions of the upper and lower wheel portions 3a and 3b of the wheel, a wheel detection sensor 7 that detects the approach of the wheel, and a wheel recognition switch 8 are used. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the system used for determining the deterioration of the part.

この図3は、上述したようなレーザビーム型変位センサを用いた距離センサ4、5によって得られた距離データxおよびyに基づいて、各車輪の車軸に対する傾斜量(x−y)および軸方向への平均位置ずれ量(x+y/2)を求めるシステムの概略である。   FIG. 3 shows an inclination amount (xy) and an axial direction of each wheel with respect to the axle based on the distance data x and y obtained by the distance sensors 4 and 5 using the laser beam type displacement sensor as described above. 2 is an outline of a system for obtaining an average positional deviation amount (x + y / 2).

この図において、特定の車輪3について、この車輪3の前輪部が車輪検知センサ7設置位置を通過したことが、この車輪検知センサ7によって検出されると同時に、このことを距離センサ4、5に出力して前記距離データを読み取り開始の指令が出され、距離データxおよびyはそれぞれ増幅器9および10を介して演算処理装置11に送られ、そこで(x−y)および(x+y/2)の演算処理がそれぞれ行なわれる。このとき、車輪認識スイッチ8が特定車輪に取付けた認識票12を検出し、演算が行なわれた車輪を識別する識別信号が演算処理装置11に送られ、演算結果に番号が付されて蓄積される。引き続き、前記特定車輪に続いて順次に他の車輪の距離データxおよびyが送られ、演算処理によって(x−y)および(x+y/2)の計算が行なわれる。こうして車輪検知センサ7の起動出力により、車輪認識スイッチ8を基準とした車輪番号がカウントされて、各車輪ごとのデータが蓄積されていく。そして、全台車のすべての車輪について演算が終了すると、1回目のデータとしてパソコン13に送られ、以後、特定車輪が車輪認識スイッチ8によって検知される毎に2回目、3回目…のデータとしてパソコン13に送られて蓄積されていき、各車輪についての履歴データとなる。   In this figure, for a specific wheel 3, it is detected by the wheel detection sensor 7 that the front wheel portion of the wheel 3 has passed the wheel detection sensor 7 installation position, and this is indicated to the distance sensors 4 and 5. A command to start reading the distance data is issued and the distance data x and y are sent to the arithmetic processing unit 11 via the amplifiers 9 and 10, respectively, where (xy) and (x + y / 2) Each arithmetic processing is performed. At this time, the wheel recognition switch 8 detects the identification tag 12 attached to the specific wheel, and an identification signal for identifying the wheel on which the calculation has been performed is sent to the arithmetic processing unit 11, and the calculation results are numbered and stored. The Subsequently, the distance data x and y of the other wheels are sequentially sent following the specific wheel, and (xy) and (x + y / 2) are calculated by the arithmetic processing. Thus, the wheel number based on the wheel recognition switch 8 is counted by the start output of the wheel detection sensor 7, and data for each wheel is accumulated. When the calculation is completed for all the wheels of all the carriages, the data is sent to the personal computer 13 as the first data, and thereafter the personal computer is used as the second, third,. It is sent to 13 and accumulated, and becomes history data for each wheel.

なお、本発明において、特定の台車の特定車輪を認識する前記車輪認識スイッチ8は、例えば、図示例のような非接触式スイッチの他、マイクロスイッチなどでもよい。また、車輪検出センサの車輪検出数から(全焼結クーラ台車に設置された台車数は予め既知である)も特定は可能である。その他、焼結クーラ台車のいずれか一の台車に、カウント開始用の突起部と該突起部を検出する検出センサを設けることでも対応できる。   In the present invention, the wheel recognition switch 8 for recognizing a specific wheel of a specific carriage may be, for example, a non-contact switch as shown in the drawing, a micro switch, or the like. It is also possible to specify the number of wheels detected by the wheel detection sensor (the number of carts installed in all the sintered cooler carts is known in advance). Alternatively, any one of the sintered cooler carts can be provided by providing a projection for starting counting and a detection sensor for detecting the projection.

また、本発明においては、センサ車輪間距離xおよびyの差異に基づく個々の車輪の傾きを求める他、前記車輪間距離xおよびyの測定値をもとに、個々の車輪の車軸方向における平均位置ずれ量(x+y/2)を求める。すなわち、個々の車輪の車軸に対する傾きを車輪軸受部倒れとし、一方、車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を車輪の軸受部からの離脱として、車輪の軸受部異常と判定するのである。以下にその異常検出の具体的な方法について説明する。   Further, in the present invention, in addition to obtaining the inclination of each wheel based on the difference between the sensor wheel distances x and y, the average of the individual wheels in the axle direction is determined based on the measured values of the wheel distances x and y. A positional deviation amount (x + y / 2) is obtained. That is, the inclination of each wheel with respect to the axle is defined as the wheel bearing portion falling, while the average displacement in the axle direction is determined as the separation from the wheel bearing portion, and the wheel bearing portion is determined to be abnormal. A specific method for detecting the abnormality will be described below.

次に、図4は、エンドレス状軌道1上を走行する焼結機冷却装置の各クーラ台車2の内輪側と外輪側に、車輪の上輪部3a、下輪部3b外側面までの距離(x、y)を検出する少なくとも2個の距離センサ14、15をそれぞれ配置し、そして、それぞれの側の車輪3の前輪部分または後輪部分の通過を認識する車輪検出センサ7の外輪側に配置して、各車輪毎の車輪軸受部の異常(劣化)判定に用いる外輪側測定値と内輪側測定値のデータが、それぞれパソコン13に送信される。そして、各車輪の上輪部と下輪部との距離差と、これらの測定値の平均位置(変化を生じたときこの位置が、車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量となる)として記録される。そして、この採取したデータは、上位のコンピュータシステムで、これらデータの直近データ、月間データ、年間のデータとして、記録され経時的に監視するもようを示すものである。   Next, FIG. 4 shows the distances to the outer surface of the upper wheel portion 3a and the lower wheel portion 3b on the inner ring side and the outer ring side of each cooler carriage 2 of the sintering machine cooling device traveling on the endless track 1 ( at least two distance sensors 14 and 15 for detecting x, y), respectively, and arranged on the outer wheel side of the wheel detection sensor 7 for recognizing the passage of the front wheel part or the rear wheel part of the wheel 3 on each side. Then, the data of the outer ring side measurement value and the inner ring side measurement value used for determining the abnormality (deterioration) of the wheel bearing portion for each wheel is transmitted to the personal computer 13, respectively. Then, the distance difference between the upper wheel portion and the lower wheel portion of each wheel and the average position of these measured values (when this change occurs, this position becomes the average displacement amount in the axle direction) are recorded. The collected data is recorded as the most recent data, monthly data, and annual data of a higher-level computer system and monitored over time.

本発明においてはまた、車輪の傾きおよび平均位置ずれ量を警報を出す管理値、即ち、閾値を決めて警報判定を行なうようにすることが好ましい、例えば、車輪の車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量(x+y/2)について、車輪毎に設定できる閾値(警報I:初期警報、警報II:警戒警報)を定め、車両軸受部の劣化判定を行なうことが好ましい。   In the present invention, it is also preferable to determine the control value for issuing an alarm for the inclination of the wheel and the average displacement amount, that is, to determine the threshold value and perform the alarm determination. For example, the average displacement amount of the wheel in the axle direction ( For x + y / 2), it is preferable to determine threshold values (warning I: initial warning, warning II: warning warning) that can be set for each wheel, and determine deterioration of the vehicle bearing portion.

上記閾値を設けて警報判定を行なう方法について、具体的な実施例で説明する。
例えば、図5は、焼結機のクーラ台車に配設されている各車輪ごと(トラフNo.6〜10として示す)に測定した距離センサ4、5の距離データを、測定回数毎にプロットした図である。実際には、設備劣化がなくても各車輪固有の距離差が生じている。これはエンドレス状軌道では、通過位置に車輪に固有の変化があるためであり、それ故に、車輪個々について管理する必要が生じるのである。
なお、この例においては、測定値の変化が、警報レベルとして、経過観察判定である初期警報(警報I)および異常判定となる警戒警報(警報II)の閾値は、各トラフ毎にそれぞれ個別に定めたものを用いたが、初期警報Iに該当する車輪さえもなく、良好な車輪軸受部の保守管理が行なわれていたことが確められた。
A specific example will explain a method of performing the alarm determination by providing the threshold value.
For example, FIG. 5 plots the distance data of the distance sensors 4 and 5 measured for each wheel (shown as trough Nos. 6 to 10) arranged on the cooler carriage of the sintering machine for each measurement count. FIG. Actually, even if there is no equipment deterioration, there is a distance difference unique to each wheel. This is because in an endless track, there is a change inherent to the wheel in the passing position, and therefore it is necessary to manage each wheel individually.
In this example, the threshold value of the initial warning (alarm I) that is the follow-up determination and the warning alarm (alarm II) that is the abnormality determination is set individually for each trough as the change in the measured value is the alarm level. What was determined was used, but it was confirmed that there was no wheel corresponding to the initial warning I, and that maintenance management of a good wheel bearing portion was performed.

次に、図6は、車輪の傾き(x−y)、即ち、車輪軸受部倒れの状況について、各測定回数毎の各車輪(トラフNo.6〜10)の変動を示したグラフである。この図示例では、図5のものとは異なり、各車輪について閾値を一定(警報I:60mm、警報II:100mm)とした。その結果、設備劣化がない車輪は、各データは同一点上を略推移していた。しかし、No.9車輪については、警報レベルとして初期警報(警報I)に該当するものがあり、経過観察が必要であることが判明した。全体として、台車の車輪軸受部の保守管理が良好に行なわれていたことがわかる。   Next, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the fluctuation of each wheel (trough No. 6 to 10) for each number of times of measurement regarding the inclination of the wheel (xy), that is, the situation of the wheel bearing portion falling. In this illustrated example, the threshold value is constant for each wheel (alarm I: 60 mm, alarm II: 100 mm), unlike in FIG. As a result, the wheels without equipment deterioration had their data almost unchanged on the same point. However, no. For 9 wheels, some of the alarm levels correspond to the initial alarm (alarm I), and it was found that follow-up was necessary. As a whole, it can be seen that the maintenance of the wheel bearings of the bogie was well performed.

本発明は、例示した焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪軸受部における異常判定のみならず、低速走行する例えば、製鋼工場の連鋳設備におけるタンディシュターンテーブルなどに設けられている車輪の異常判定にも適用できる。   The present invention is not limited to determining abnormality in the wheel bearing portion of the cooler carriage of the exemplified cooling machine for a sintered machine, but also determining abnormality of a wheel provided on, for example, a tundish turntable in a continuous casting facility of a steel mill that travels at low speed It can also be applied to.

台車の車輪と各種センサの位置関係を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of the wheel of a trolley | bogie, and various sensors. 台車の車輪と各種センサの位置関係を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the positional relationship of the wheel of a trolley | bogie and various sensors. 本発明の車輪軸受部異常判定方法を説明する線図である。It is a diagram explaining the wheel bearing part abnormality determination method of the present invention. 焼結機のクーラ台車に適用した異常判定方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the abnormality determination method applied to the cooler trolley | bogie of a sintering machine. 本発明を適用して車輪の車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量の異常判定を行なった例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the example which performed the abnormality determination of the average position shift amount of the axle direction of a wheel by applying this invention. 本発明を適用して車輪の軸受部の傾きの異常判定を行なった例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the example which performed the abnormality determination of the inclination of the bearing part of a wheel by applying this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 軌道
2 台車
3 車輪
4、5 距離センサ
6 センサ取付け台
6a センサ取付け台のアーム
7 車輪検知センサ
8 車輪認識センサ
9、10 増幅器
11 演算処理装置
12 認識票
13 パソコン
14、15 距離センサ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Track | truck 2 Bogie 3 Wheel 4, 5 Distance sensor 6 Sensor mounting base 6a Sensor mounting base arm 7 Wheel detection sensor 8 Wheel recognition sensor 9, 10 Amplifier 11 Processing unit 12 Recognition card 13 Personal computer 14, 15 Distance sensor

Claims (6)

サークル状軌道をエンドレスに走行する複数の台車を順次に接続ピンにより連結してなる焼結機冷却装置におけるクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常を判定するに当たり、該クーラ台車の車輪の上輪部および下輪部の外側面に対面する位置に、2個一対の距離センサと車輪の車軸レベルの高さに配置された車輪検知センサとをセンサ取付け台のアーム部に固定設置して、
前記一対の距離センサと、前記車輪検知センタと、車輪を特定するための車輪認識スイッチとを使って、前記車輪検知センサによる車輪進入の検知と同時に距離センサによる車輪位置測定とを内輪、外輪についてそれぞれ行うと共に、車輪認識スイッチによる車輪認識と前記距離センサによる車輪位置測定値に基づいて、上輪部および下輪部間での距離差から求められる個々の車輪の傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を各台車の各車輪毎に予め蓄積されている閾値と対比することにより、車輪軸受部異常を検知し警報を出すことを特徴とする焼結機冷却装置のクーラ台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。
Upon determining the abnormality of the wheel bearing unit of the cooler carriage in circle-shaped trajectory plurality of carriages formed by connecting by sequentially connecting pin sintering machine cooler running endlessly, and upper ring portion of the wheel of the cooler truck and A pair of distance sensors and a wheel detection sensor arranged at the height of the axle level of the wheel are fixedly installed on the arm part of the sensor mounting base at a position facing the outer surface of the lower wheel part ,
Wherein a pair of distance sensors, and the wheel detection center, with a wheel sensor switch for specifying the wheel, the inner ring and the wheel position measurement by simultaneously distance sensor and detects the wheel entry by the wheel sensor, the outer ring each row Utotomoni, on the basis of the wheel position measurement by the distance sensor and the wheel recognition by the wheel sensor switches, superior limbic keratitis unit and the average position of the slope and the axle directions of the individual wheels as determined from the distance difference between Shitawa portion by comparing the amount of deviation with a threshold value which is previously stored for each wheel of each bogie, the wheels bearing the cooler truck sintering machine cooling apparatus characterized by alerting detects an abnormality of the wheel bearing unit Part abnormality judgment method.
前記車輪検知センサは、車輪の前輪部分もしくは後輪部分が測定位置に進入してきたことを検知し、前記距離センサに出力して、車輪の上輪部および下輪部と該距離センサとの間の距離測定を指示するタイミングセンサとして機能するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。 The wheel detection sensor detects that the front wheel portion or the rear wheel portion of the wheel has entered the measurement position, and outputs it to the distance sensor between the wheel upper and lower wheel portions and the distance sensor. The wheel bearing portion abnormality determination method according to claim 1, wherein the wheel bearing portion abnormality determination method functions as a timing sensor that instructs the distance measurement of the vehicle. 前記車輪認識スイッチは、連結式台車内のいずれか1の台車の内輪もしくは外輪のいずれか1の車輪に取付けられたスイッチであって、車輪を特定するために用いられるものであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。 The wheel recognition switch is a switch attached to any one of the inner wheel and the outer wheel of any one of the connected carts, and is used to identify the wheel. The abnormality determination method of the wheel bearing part of the trolley | bogie of Claim 1 or 2 to do. 前記距離センサによって測定された距離を演算装置に読み込み、車輪の上輪部および下輪部間の距離差から前記車輪の傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を求めることにより、車輪軸受部の異常の有無を検知判定することを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1に記載の台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。 The distance measured by the distance sensor is read into an arithmetic unit, and the wheel tilt is determined from the difference in distance between the upper and lower wheels of the wheel, and the average displacement in the axle direction is obtained. The abnormality determination method of the wheel bearing part of the trolley | bogie of any one of Claims 1-3 which detects and determines the presence or absence of this. 前記車輪認識スイッチは、各台車のうちのいずれか基準にすべき台車に取付けられた近接スイッチであることを特徴とする請求項1〜いずれか1に記載の台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。 The abnormality determination of the wheel bearing part of the cart according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the wheel recognition switch is a proximity switch attached to a cart to be used as a reference among the carts. Method. 前記個別測定された車輪傾きおよび車軸方向の平均位置ずれ量を、車輪毎の履歴データとして蓄積することによって、各車輪の経時的な劣化状態を監視して車輪軸受部の劣化判定を行なうことを特徴とする請求項1〜いずれか1に記載の台車の車輪軸受部の異常判定方法。 By accumulating the individually measured wheel inclination and the average displacement amount in the axle direction as history data for each wheel, the deterioration of the wheel bearing portion is determined by monitoring the deterioration state of each wheel over time. The abnormality determination method for a wheel bearing portion of a cart according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
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