JP5246506B2 - Wind power generator rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure - Google Patents

Wind power generator rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure Download PDF

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JP5246506B2
JP5246506B2 JP2009073115A JP2009073115A JP5246506B2 JP 5246506 B2 JP5246506 B2 JP 5246506B2 JP 2009073115 A JP2009073115 A JP 2009073115A JP 2009073115 A JP2009073115 A JP 2009073115A JP 5246506 B2 JP5246506 B2 JP 5246506B2
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rotor blade
lightning
wind power
discharge
prevention structure
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JP2010223148A (en
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正次郎 大村
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株式会社 メカトロ技研
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Description

本願発明は、風力発電設備のロータブレードに着雷した場合のロータブレードの損傷を最小限にするための雷害防止構造に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a lightning damage prevention structure for minimizing damage to a rotor blade when lightning strikes a rotor blade of a wind power generation facility.

世界の化石燃料枯渇不安から燃料費の高騰に加え、東日本大震災による原子力エネルギーの利用の制約等から、自然エネルギー利用への機運がいっそう高まり、中でも最も期待されているのが風力発電であることには異論のないところであり、国内においても相当数の設置実績に加えて、より多数のしかも大型の風力発電設備の導入が進められている。In addition to rising fuel costs due to concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels around the world, the use of nuclear energy due to the Great East Japan Earthquake has further increased momentum for the use of natural energy, with wind power being the most promising There is no objection, and in addition to a considerable number of installations in Japan, more and larger wind power generation facilities are being introduced.

しかしながら、風力発電設備のなかでも大型の風力発電設備ともなるとロータブレードの長さが優に４５ｍ近くになるため、その最高部は地上高さ１００ｍにも達することとなり、当然落雷に伴う雷害対策が急務でありかつ重要である。However, in the case of large-scale wind power generation equipment among the wind power generation equipment, the length of the rotor blade is close to 45 m, so the highest part reaches 100 m above the ground, and naturally measures against lightning damage caused by lightning strikes. Is urgent and important.

しかも、一般的に風力発電設備は高所いわゆる山頂部又は海浜近くの山岳頂部など風況上有利な場所に設けられるため、最も落雷しやすい自然環境に曝されることは周知の事実である。近年、各種の避雷対策を講じた風力発電設備においてもロータブレードに落雷しその損傷が絶えない状況において、取得可能なエネルギー損失はもとよりその修復費用の膨大さに抜本的な雷害防止対策技術が求められている。In addition, it is a well-known fact that wind power generation facilities are generally exposed to natural environments that are most likely to strike lightning, because they are installed in places that are advantageous in terms of wind conditions, such as high so-called mountain peaks or mountain peaks near the beach. In recent years, even in wind power generation facilities that have taken various lightning protection measures, lightning strikes on rotor blades have caused permanent damage to lightning damage, as well as the energy loss that can be acquired, Demanded .

先行技術を見ると、ロータブレード全体を導電性の樹脂又は全面を電気導体で覆うことが提唱されている（特許文献１及び特許文献２）が、導電性を機能させるのであればＧ‐ＦＲＰとすることで解決できる。しかし、全面を導電性とすることにより新たに電波障害が起こり得ること、また重量的にも問題があることも考えられるので実用的とは言い難い。  Looking at the prior art, it is proposed that the entire rotor blade is covered with a conductive resin or the entire surface with an electric conductor (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). This can be solved. However, it is difficult to say that it is practical because it is possible that a new radio wave interference may occur by making the entire surface conductive, and that there is a problem in weight.

また、ロータブレードの先端に耐熱性材の避雷突出針を設け、落雷した際突出針が溶融することでそのエネルギーを吸収させるとの提案（特許文献３）がされているが、特にエネルギー量の大きい冬期雷では、近くに避雷針等が存在してもロータブレードに落雷し、損傷を与える事例が多々あることを念頭に置く必要がある。  In addition, a proposal has been made (Patent Document 3) that a lightning arresting needle made of a heat-resistant material is provided at the tip of the rotor blade, and the energy is absorbed by melting the protruding needle when a lightning strike occurs. It is necessary to keep in mind that there are many cases of lightning strikes and damage to rotor blades even if there are lightning rods nearby in the case of large winter lightning.

前記の如く、風力発電装置のロータブレードへの落雷被害に対する種々の対応策やその構造が提案され、また他の手法として円板結合器方式、翼先端金属翼、放電ピン付き翼のほか、風力発電装置の近傍に該風力発電装置の最上部よりも構造的に高い金属性のタワー（独立避雷針）を建設し、そのタワーへの落雷、誘雷を優先させてロータブレードへの落雷損傷を防止しようとの試みもあるが、何れも目的を達成できていない。しかも金属製避雷タワーの建設費は極めて高価である。  As described above, various countermeasures and structures for lightning strike damage to rotor blades of wind turbine generators have been proposed, and other methods include a disk coupler system, blade tip metal blades, blades with discharge pins, wind power A metallic tower (independent lightning rod), which is structurally higher than the top of the wind power generator, is constructed near the power generator, and lightning damage to the rotor blades is given priority to prevent lightning damage to the rotor blades. There are also attempts to do so, but none of them have achieved their objectives. Moreover, the construction cost of a metal lightning protection tower is extremely expensive.

特許第３９４８４６９号公開公報  Japanese Patent No. 3948469 特開２００４−２４５１７４号公開公報  JP 2004-245174 A 特開２００５−３０２３９９号公開公報  JP 2005-302399 A

発明者は、これまで山頂付近に施設される無線中継所や遠隔地にあるモニタリングポストの機器等を直撃雷サージから保護するための対策並びに該設備設置工事を通じ、絶大なる効果をもたらす避雷装置並びにその施工方法を数多く手掛けてきた実績に基づき、風力発電装置のロータブレードに対する効果的な落雷被害防止構造を提案するものである。
本願発明の効果は、風力発電設備のロータブレードの先端部に落雷が集中していること、損傷も該先端部付近が最も損害が激しいことに着目し、微少時間内に効率よく雷エネルギーを放電減衰させ、併せて対地電圧に同位させるための構造に関して提案するものである。The inventor has taken measures to protect radio relay stations installed near the summit of the mountain and monitoring post equipment at remote locations from direct lightning surges, and a lightning arrester that has a tremendous effect through the installation of the equipment, based on the construction methods have worked many achievements and proposes an effective lightning damage prevention structure against the rotor blades of the wind turbine generator.
Effect of the present invention, Rukoto the tip of a rotor blade of a wind power installation are concentrated lightning damage also noted that near the distal end and most damage is severe, discharge efficiently lightning energy within short time It proposes a structure for attenuating and isolating to ground voltage.

請求項１に記載の本願発明は、風力発電設備におけるロータブレードの先端部に、該先端部を跨ぐように着雷導電性帯が固着され、該着雷導線性帯には複数本の放電・犠牲電極（航空機の翼の後方部位に固着されスタティックディスチャージャーと呼ばれている電極棒に代表される電極であり以下「放電・犠牲電極」と表記する）が固着され、該着雷導電性帯と該ロータブレード先端近傍に取り付けられた結合素子と電気的に接続され、該結合素子に接続されたダウンコンダクタを経由して該ロータブレードの軸受け基部で接地線に接続してロータブレードの雷害を防止する手段において、前記複数本の放電・犠牲電極をトレイリングエッジ側にのみ設けかつ該放電・犠牲電極の先端部をロータブレードの回転方向の風下側方向に向けたことを特徴とするロータブレード雷害防止構造に関するものである。 The present invention described in claim 1, the distal end portion of the rotor blade in the wind power installation, Chakukaminarishirube conductive strip so as to straddle the tip portion is secured, a plurality of discharge in該着lightning conductor resistance band A sacrificial electrode (an electrode represented by an electrode rod fixed to the rear part of an aircraft wing and called a static discharger, hereinafter referred to as “discharge / sacrificial electrode”) is fixed, and the lightning conductivity band and the rotor blade tip is near connected to coupling element and electrically attached to, lightning via the connected down conductor in the coupling element the rotor blade rotor blades connected to a ground line in the bearing base of the In the means for preventing damage, the plurality of discharge / sacrificial electrodes are provided only on the trailing edge side, and the tips of the discharge / sacrificial electrodes are directed toward the leeward side in the rotational direction of the rotor blade. Relates rotor blade lightning prevention structure characterized.

本願発明の構造においては、ロータブレードの先端部に集中する雷害による該ロータブレードの損傷を防止するため、前記放電・犠牲電極をトレイリングエッジ側に設けかつロータブレードの回転方向の風下側方向に向けて固着したことにより、着雷に際して該放電・犠牲電極に着雷エネルギーを集中させ微少時間内に空中に放電・減衰させ、併せて着雷エネルギーをロータブレード先端近傍に取り付けられた結合素子と、該結合素子に接続されたダウンコンダクタを経由して該ロータブレードの軸受け基部で接地線を通じて対地電圧に同位させることを可能としたものである。In the structure of the present invention, in order to prevent damage to the rotor blade due to lightning damage concentrated on the tip of the rotor blade, the discharge / sacrificial electrode is provided on the trailing edge side and the leeward direction in the rotational direction of the rotor blade When the lightning strikes, the lightning energy is concentrated on the discharge / sacrificial electrode so that the lightning energy is discharged and attenuated in the air within a very short time, and the lightning energy is attached near the rotor blade tip. In addition, it is possible to cause the ground voltage to pass through the ground line at the bearing base of the rotor blade via the down conductor connected to the coupling element .

請求項１について図１及び図２を用いて説明する。
図１（Ａ）は本願発明の基本形の斜視図であり、（Ｂ）は該ロータブレード１先端部の拡大図である。
風力発電装置のロータブレード１の先端部に該先端部をリーディングエッジ２からトレイリングエッジ３に跨って、その厚さが１〜１０ｍｍ、幅が３０〜１００ｍｍ、長さが３００〜１，０００ｍｍの導電性の着雷導電性帯４が該ロータブレード１の表面に固着されたロータブレード１において、更に該着雷導電性帯４には該ロータブレード１の先端部よりトレイリングエンジ３側の位置に太さ５〜２０ｍｍ、長さ５０〜３００ｍｍの放電・犠牲電極５を適当な間隔を保持して複数本（３〜５本が最適）固着させる構造とする。Claim 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the basic form of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the tip of the rotor blade 1.
The leading edge of the rotor blade 1 of the wind turbine generator extends from the leading edge 2 to the trailing edge 3 and has a thickness of 1 to 10 mm, a width of 30 to 100 mm, and a length of 300 to 1,000 mm. In the rotor blade 1 in which the conductive lightning conductive band 4 is fixed to the surface of the rotor blade 1, the lightning conductive band 4 further includes a position on the trailing engine 3 side from the tip of the rotor blade 1. The discharge / sacrificial electrode 5 having a thickness of 5 to 20 mm and a length of 50 to 300 mm is fixed to a plurality of electrodes (3 to 5 are optimal) while maintaining appropriate intervals.

本願発明の構造において、複数本の前記放電・犠牲電極５の固着位置とその方向が最大の特徴である。
即ち、複数本の該放電・犠牲電極５はロータブレード１先端部のトレイリングエッジ２側にのみ設けられ、かつ該放電・犠牲電極５の先端部をロータブレード１の回転方向の風下側方向に向けてそれぞれを同じ方向に平行するように固着することにある。
なお、図２（Ａ）は本願発明の他の実施例の斜視図であり、（Ｂ）は該ロータブレード１先端部の拡大図である。 In the structure of the present invention, the position where the plurality of discharge / sacrificial electrodes 5 are fixed and their directions are the most characteristic.
That is, the plurality of discharge / sacrificial electrodes 5 are provided only on the trailing edge 2 side of the tip of the rotor blade 1, and the tip of the discharge / sacrificial electrode 5 extends in the leeward direction of the rotation direction of the rotor blade 1. It is to fix each so as to be parallel to the same direction.
2A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the tip of the rotor blade 1.

本願発明の構造において、前記複数本の放電・犠牲電極５に用いる素材は、高速度となるロータブレード１の先端部に取り付けられるものであることに鑑み、導電性を保有することに加え、風切りに伴う揺動に対する耐久性を有する素材であれば良く、本願発明においてはその素材について特定しない。
また、該複数本の放電・犠牲電極５を着雷導電性帯４に固着する方法はリベット止めやネジ止めのほか接着方法等を用いることで可能であるが、堅固に固着する方法であれば良く、本願発明においてはその方法を特定しない。 In the structure of the present invention, material to be used for discharge-sacrificial electrodes 5 of the plurality of, in view of the fact is to be attached to the distal end portion of the rotor blade 1 to be high speed, in addition to possess conductivity, wind Any material may be used as long as the material has durability against the rocking motion associated with the above, and the material is not specified in the present invention.
In addition, the method of fixing the plurality of discharge / sacrificial electrodes 5 to the lightning conductive band 4 can be achieved by using a bonding method in addition to riveting or screwing. Well, the method is not specified in the present invention.

前記に基づき、ロータブレード１の先端部に固着された着雷導電性帯４は。既設として取り付けられている結合素子６に高導電性の導線７を用いて電気的に接続し、該結合素子６に接続されダウンコンダクタ１０（接地導体）を経由して。ロータブレード１の軸受け基部９において大地に接続された接地線（図示せず）へと電気的に接続を行わせる構造となっている。  Based on the above, the lightning conductive strip 4 fixed to the tip of the rotor blade 1. An electrical connection is made to the coupling element 6 that has been installed by using a highly conductive conductor 7, and the coupling element 6 is connected to the coupling element 6 via a down conductor 10 (ground conductor). The bearing base 9 of the rotor blade 1 is configured to be electrically connected to a ground line (not shown) connected to the ground.

なお、本願発明は風力発電設備の新規製作時は勿論のこと、既設の設備における雷害防止構造と併用することにより、より一層雷撃サージによるロータブレード１の損壊防止や損傷の軽減を図ることができる。In addition, the invention of the present application can prevent damage to the rotor blade 1 due to a lightning surge and reduce damage by using it together with a lightning damage prevention structure in an existing facility as well as a new production of a wind power generation facility. it can.

本願発明の基本形のロータブレード雷害防止構造であり（Ａ）は斜視図、（Ｂ）はロータブレードの先端部拡大図It is a rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure of the basic form of this invention, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is the front-end | tip part enlarged view of a rotor blade. 本願発明の他の実施例のロータブレード雷害防止構造であり（Ａ）は斜視図、（Ｂ）はロータブレードの先端部拡大図It is a rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure of the other Example of this invention, (A) is a perspective view, (B) is the front-end | tip part enlarged view of a rotor blade.

１ ロータブレード
２ リーディングエッジ
３ トレイリングエッジ
４ 着雷導電性帯
５ 放電電極
６ 受雷部（レセプター）
７ 導線
８ 導電性帯
９ 軸受け基部
１０ ダウンコンダクタ1 Rotor Blade 2 Leading Edge 3 Trailing Edge 4 Lightning Conductive Band 5 Discharge Electrode 6 Lightning Receptor (Receptor)
7 Conductor 8 Conductive band 9 Bearing base 10 Down conductor

Claims (1)

風力発電設備におけるロータブレードの先端部に、該先端部を跨ぐように着雷導電性帯が固着され、該着雷導線性帯には複数本の放電・犠牲電極が固着され、該着雷導電性帯と該ロータブレード先端近傍に取り付けられた結合素子とを電気的に接続し、該結合素子に接続されたダウンコンダクタを経由して該ロータブレードの軸受け基部で接地線に接続してロータブレードの雷害を防止する手段において、前記複数本の放電・犠牲電極をトレイリングエッジ側にのみ設けかつ該放電・犠牲電極の先端部をロータブレードの回転方向の風下側方向に向けたことを特徴とするロータブレード雷害防止構造 The tip of the rotor blade in the wind power installation, is fixed Chakukaminarishirube conductive band so as to straddle the tip portion, a plurality of discharge-sacrificial electrode is secured to該着lightning conductor resistance band,該着thunder conductive band and the said rotor blade tips coupling element attached in the vicinity of electrically connected, the rotor connected to the ground line via a down conductor which are connected to the coupling element in the bearing base of the rotor blade In the means for preventing lightning damage to the blade, the plurality of discharge / sacrificial electrodes are provided only on the trailing edge side, and the tips of the discharge / sacrificial electrodes are directed toward the leeward side in the rotational direction of the rotor blade. Rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure
JP2009073115A 2009-03-25 2009-03-25 Wind power generator rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure Expired - Fee Related JP5246506B2 (en)

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JP5789826B2 (en) * 2011-01-19 2015-10-07 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 Windmill lightning protection method and apparatus
US9022740B2 (en) 2012-01-26 2015-05-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine rotor blade lightning discharger and wind turbine generator equipped with the same
CN102900631A (en) * 2012-10-30 2013-01-30 武汉爱劳高科技有限责任公司 Wind turbine blade with lightning current limiting function and manufacturing process thereof
CA2889644C (en) * 2012-11-15 2018-11-27 Wobben Properties Gmbh Rotor blade of a wind energy plant, rotor blade tip and connection device
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