JP5238569B2 - Foldable structure - Google Patents

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JP5238569B2
JP5238569B2 JP2009071642A JP2009071642A JP5238569B2 JP 5238569 B2 JP5238569 B2 JP 5238569B2 JP 2009071642 A JP2009071642 A JP 2009071642A JP 2009071642 A JP2009071642 A JP 2009071642A JP 5238569 B2 JP5238569 B2 JP 5238569B2
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芳人 織田
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本発明は、屋根、教材、玩具、造形品（造形玩具、造形展示品など）、仮設建造物などとして利用できる折り畳み式構造体に関する。   The present invention relates to a foldable structure that can be used as a roof, a teaching material, a toy, a modeled article (modeled toy, modeled display article, etc.), a temporary building, and the like.

造形品、教材、玩具などに利用できる構造体として種々の構造体が提案されている。例えば、特開昭５０−７７１７１号公報（特許文献１）には、中空体構成要素主体を、正三角形の外側面体と、この外側面体に連なる外側面体側に屈曲せしめた複数の衝合片部とから構成した中空体構成要素が開示されている。しかし、このような構成要素では、衝合片部の内側面を他の衝合片部の内側面と衝合する必要があるため、中空体の組み立て作業が煩雑である。   Various structures have been proposed as structures that can be used for shaped articles, educational materials, toys, and the like. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-77171 (Patent Document 1), a hollow body component main body is formed by an equilateral triangular outer face body and a plurality of abutting piece portions bent to the outer face body side connected to the outer face body. The hollow body component comprised from these is disclosed. However, in such a component, since it is necessary to abut the inner side surface of the abutting piece part with the inner side surface of another abutting piece part, the assembly work of the hollow body is complicated.

特開平７−２９１２６１号公報（特許文献２）には、多面体を構成する各面の形状を有する基本面とその各辺の各左又は各右半分に舌状突出部を設けた単位シート片に、順次に別の同様のシート片の各突出部を基本面の表側に重ねてすくみあいの状態に組み合わせて固定する多面体の形成方法が開示されている。しかし、この方法でも、舌状突出部を重ねながら組み合わせるため、簡便に組み立てることができない。   In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-291261 (Patent Document 2), a basic sheet having the shape of each surface constituting a polyhedron and a unit sheet piece provided with a tongue-like protrusion on each left or right half of each side thereof are disclosed. A method for forming a polyhedron is disclosed in which each protruding portion of another similar sheet piece is sequentially overlapped on the front side of the basic surface and combined and fixed in a constricted state. However, even this method cannot be easily assembled because the tongue-like protrusions are combined while being stacked.

実開昭５２−１２３０３４号公報（特許文献３）には、折り線を介して設けた両片の先端に２個の半円状の係止部を設け、これらの２個の係止部の凹部の中間点が、前記折れ線の長さが一辺を構成する正多角形、又は前記折れ線の長さが任意の一辺を構成する二等辺三角形、長方形あるいは菱形の中心点に相当する組立箱用素片が開示されている。この素片でも、互いに隣接する素片において、係止部の一方の半円部を上にし、他方の半円部を下にして絡ませることにより、中空箱を形成できるが、中空箱の組み立て作業が煩雑である。特に、中空箱の面の数が増えるにつれて、半円部の折り重ね可能な空間域が小さくなるため、係止部の係止作業が難しくなる。   In Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 52-123034 (Patent Document 3), two semicircular locking portions are provided at the ends of both pieces provided via folding lines, and the two locking portions are An assembly box element in which an intermediate point of the recess corresponds to a regular polygon in which the length of the polygonal line constitutes one side, or an isosceles triangle, rectangle or rhombus in which the length of the polygonal line constitutes an arbitrary side A piece is disclosed. Even in this unit piece, a hollow box can be formed by entanglement with one half circle part of the locking part on the upper side and the other half circle part on the lower side. Work is complicated. In particular, as the number of the surfaces of the hollow box increases, the space area in which the semicircular portion can be folded becomes smaller, so that the locking operation of the locking portion becomes difficult.

特開２００８−１６２６４８号公報（特許文献４）には、偶数面を有する中空多面体の各面を構成する複数の基本要素部材と、これらの基本要素部材のうち、閉じ状態で前記中空多面体の１又は連なる複数の稜線を形成し、かつ開閉可能な少なくとも１つの開口部を形成する開閉要素部材と、これらの開閉要素部材の開口縁を除き、互いに隣接する前記基本要素部材を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材とを備えており、前記開閉要素部材が、前記開口部を隔てて互いに対向し、かつ互いに隣接する二対の要素部材で構成されている折り畳み式中空多面体が開示されている。この折り畳み式中空多面体は、開閉操作により中空の多面体を容易に形成できる。しかし、特許文献４に係る発明は多面体を形成することを主眼としており、造形性などを向上させるには制限がある。   Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-162648 (Patent Document 4) discloses a plurality of basic element members constituting each surface of a hollow polyhedron having an even number of surfaces, and one of the hollow polyhedrons in a closed state among these basic element members. Alternatively, an opening / closing element member that forms a plurality of continuous ridgelines and forms at least one opening that can be opened and closed, and the basic element members adjacent to each other except for the opening edge of these opening / closing element members are foldably connected. There is disclosed a foldable hollow polyhedron comprising a connecting member, wherein the opening / closing element member is composed of two pairs of element members facing each other with the opening therebetween and adjacent to each other. This foldable hollow polyhedron can easily form a hollow polyhedron by opening and closing operations. However, the invention according to Patent Document 4 focuses on forming a polyhedron, and there is a limit to improving the formability and the like.

特開昭５０−７７１７１号公報（特許請求の範囲、図１）Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-77171 (Claims, FIG. 1) 特開平７−２９１２６１号公報（特許請求の範囲）JP-A-7-291261 (Claims) 実開昭５２−１２３０３４号公報（実用新案登録請求の範囲、図１）Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 52-123034 (claim for utility model registration, FIG. 1) 特開２００８−１６２６４８号公報（特許請求の範囲、図１）JP 2008-162648 A (Claims, FIG. 1)

従って、本発明の目的は、簡単な開閉又は折り畳み操作で複数の四角錐状の開口部を開閉できるとともに、立体形状の構造体を形成できる造形性の高い折り畳み式構造体を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a foldable structure with high formability capable of opening and closing a plurality of quadrangular pyramidal openings by a simple opening and closing operation and forming a three-dimensional structure. .

本発明の他の目的は、折り畳み操作により収容又は収納スペースを小さくできるとともに、容易に立体化できる折り畳み式構造体を提供することにある。   Another object of the present invention is to provide a foldable structure that can be easily three-dimensionalized while reducing the storage or storage space by a folding operation.

本発明のさらに他の目的は、外観に優れた立体形状の構造体を容易に形成でき、造形品として使用できる折り畳み式構造体を提供することにある。   Still another object of the present invention is to provide a foldable structure that can easily form a three-dimensional structure excellent in appearance and can be used as a shaped article.

本発明者は、前記課題を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、隣り合う２つの辺が鋭角三角域を形成する４つの平面部材を隣接させて４つの鋭角三角域を形成し、隣接する平面部材の隣接域を互いにヒンジ式に連結して基本要素とし、複数の基本要素を隣接させて隣接する稜線部を互いにヒンジ式に連結すると、開閉操作に追従して隣接する基本要素が四角錐状に開閉することを見いだし、本発明を完成した。   As a result of earnest studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has formed four acute angle triangular areas by adjoining four planar members in which two adjacent sides form an acute angle triangular area. Adjacent areas are hinged to each other to form a basic element, and if multiple basic elements are adjacent to each other and adjacent ridges are connected to each other in a hinged fashion, the adjacent basic elements open and close in a quadrangular pyramid shape following the opening and closing operation. The present invention has been completed.

すなわち、本発明の折り畳み式構造体は、開き状態で四角錐状の開口部を形成する複数の基本要素と、これらの基本要素を接続する連結部材とを備え、開閉可能な折り畳み式構造体であって、前記基本要素が、隣り合う２つの辺が鋭角三角域を形成する４つの平面部材と、これらの４つの平面部材で形成された各鋭角三角域の隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材（第１の連結部材という場合がある）とを備えており、開き状態の複数の基本要素が互いに稜線部で隣接し、この隣接部（又は隣接する稜線部）が連結部材（第２の連結部材という場合がある）で折り曲げ可能に接続されている。   That is, the foldable structure of the present invention is a foldable structure that includes a plurality of basic elements that form a quadrangular pyramid-shaped opening in an open state and a connecting member that connects these basic elements, and can be opened and closed. In addition, the basic element includes four planar members in which two adjacent sides form an acute triangular area, and a connection that connects the adjacent portions of the acute triangular areas formed by these four planar members in a foldable manner. A plurality of basic elements in an open state are adjacent to each other at a ridge line portion, and this adjacent portion (or an adjacent ridge line portion) is a connection member (a second connection member). In some cases, the connecting member may be bent.

このような構造体では、開き操作により、各基本要素を四角錐状に開口できるとともに、閉じ操作により平面状に折り畳むこともできる。すなわち、開き状態の各基本要素において互いに対向する一対の平面部材を互いに近づけることにより、開口部を閉じて折り畳むことができ、折り畳み状態の各基本要素において対向する一対の平面部材を離反させることにより四角錐状の開口部を形成できる。しかも、複数の基本要素が第２の連結部材で接続されているため、各基本要素の開操作により四角錐状の開口部を形成できるとともに閉じ操作により開口部を閉じることができる。   In such a structure, each basic element can be opened in a quadrangular pyramid shape by an opening operation, and can be folded in a planar shape by a closing operation. That is, by closing a pair of planar members facing each other in each open basic element, the opening can be closed and folded, and by separating a pair of planar members facing each other in each folded basic element A quadrangular pyramidal opening can be formed. In addition, since the plurality of basic elements are connected by the second connecting member, a square pyramid-shaped opening can be formed by the opening operation of each basic element, and the opening can be closed by the closing operation.

前記構造体は、複数の基本要素で構成すればよく、例えば、２〜４つの基本要素で構成してもよい。前記構造体において、複数の基本要素は、対向する一対の稜線部で隣接させ、隣接部を第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続してもよい。換言すれば、１つの基本要素を基準として、対向する一対の稜線部（基準となる基本要素の対向する一対の稜線部）に、隣接する基本要素の稜線部を隣接させた形態で複数の基本要素を連結してもよい。すなわち、１つの基本要素を基準として複数の基本要素を対向する一対の稜線部の方向（周方向）に連結してもよい。   The structure may be composed of a plurality of basic elements, for example, may be composed of 2 to 4 basic elements. In the structure, the plurality of basic elements may be adjacent to each other at a pair of opposing ridgeline portions, and the adjacent portions may be connected to be foldable by the second connecting member. In other words, with one basic element as a reference, a plurality of basic elements in a form in which the ridge line parts of adjacent basic elements are adjacent to a pair of opposing ridge line parts (a pair of ridge line parts opposite to the basic element serving as a reference). Elements may be concatenated. That is, a plurality of basic elements may be connected in the direction (circumferential direction) of a pair of ridge lines facing each other with one basic element as a reference.

さらに、上記のように、対向する一対の稜線部の方向（周方向）に開き状態の複数の基本要素が連なる構造体では、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳むことによって面方向に隣接する２ｎ個（ｎは基本要素の数を示す）の平面部材が２層構造の形態で積層された積層体を形成でき、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳むことよって面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材が２ｎ層構造（ｎは前記に同じ）の形態で積層された積層体を形成できる。   Furthermore, as described above, in a structure in which a plurality of basic elements that are open in the direction (circumferential direction) of a pair of opposing ridge lines are continuous, the basic elements are mutually aligned along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines. By folding in a direction away from each other, it is possible to form a laminated body in which 2n planar members (n indicates the number of basic elements) adjacent in the plane direction are laminated in the form of a two-layer structure. By folding each basic element in a direction approaching each other along the direction, it is possible to form a laminated body in which two planar members adjacent in the plane direction are laminated in the form of a 2n layer structure (n is the same as above).

前記平面部材の形状は、鋭角な三角域を形成できる限り特に制限されず、鋭角な三角域を形成する第１辺及び第２辺と異なり、これらの二辺に隣接する第３辺の形状は特に制限されない。平面部材の形状は、三角形状であってもよい。   The shape of the planar member is not particularly limited as long as an acute triangular area can be formed. Unlike the first and second sides forming the acute triangular area, the shape of the third side adjacent to these two sides is There is no particular limitation. The planar member may have a triangular shape.

前記基本要素は、平面部材の形状に応じて、種々の態様で構成できる。例えば、基本要素は、（１）隣り合う斜辺と短辺とが角度６０°の三角域を形成する４つの直角不等辺三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とを備えていてもよく、開き状態の各基本要素の斜辺部又は短辺部で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されていてもよい。基本要素は、（２）隣り合う斜辺と１つの等辺とで角度４５°の三角域を形成する４つの直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とを備えていてもよく、開き状態の各基本要素の斜辺部又は等辺部で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されていてもよい。さらに、基本要素は、（３）隣り合う２つの辺が角度６０°の三角域を形成する４つの正三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とを備えていてもよく、開き状態の各基本要素の辺で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されていてもよい。   The basic element can be configured in various modes depending on the shape of the planar member. For example, the basic elements are: (1) Four right-angle inequilateral triangular planar members in which the adjacent hypotenuse and short sides form a triangular area with an angle of 60 °, and the adjacent part where the triangular area is adjacent can be bent. A first connecting member to be connected, and a ridge formed by the oblique side or the short side of each basic element in an open state is adjacent, and this adjacent portion can be bent by the second connecting member. It may be connected to. The basic elements are: (2) Four right isosceles triangular plane members that form a 45 ° angled triangular area between adjacent hypotenuses and one equilateral side, and the adjacent part adjacent to the triangular area can be bent. A ridge line portion formed by the oblique side portion or the equal side portion of each basic element in an open state is adjacent, and this adjacent portion is connected to be bent by the second connection member. May be. Further, the basic element is (1) a first equilateral triangle-shaped planar member in which two adjacent sides form a triangular area with an angle of 60 °, and an adjacent part adjacent to the triangular area are connected to be bendable. The ridgeline part formed by the edge | side of each basic element of an open state may adjoin, and this adjacent part may be connected so that bending is possible with the 2nd connection member.

前記構造体において、平面部材は厚みを有する部材で構成してもよい。また、平面部材は、トラス構造を有していてもよい。このような構造の構造体では、平面部材の隣接辺の端面を利用することにより、１つの基本要素の開閉操作により隣接する基本要素を順次開閉可能であってもよい。換言すれば、１つの基本要素の開閉操作に連動して、隣接する基本要素を順次開閉してもよい。   In the structure, the planar member may be a member having a thickness. Further, the planar member may have a truss structure. In a structure having such a structure, adjacent basic elements may be sequentially opened / closed by opening / closing operations of one basic element by using end faces of adjacent sides of the planar member. In other words, adjacent basic elements may be sequentially opened and closed in conjunction with an opening / closing operation of one basic element.

前記構造体は、基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向へ折り畳んで形成された２層構造の積層体の形態において、前記積層体を支持可能な支持部材を備えていてもよい。前記構造体は、各基本要素が連なる方向の一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材及び他方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材に支持部材が取り付けられ、前記基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳み可能であってもよい。   The structure may include a support member capable of supporting the laminate in the form of a laminate having a two-layer structure formed by folding basic elements away from each other. In the structure, a support member is attached to the planar member of the basic element located at one end in the direction in which the basic elements are connected and the planar member of the basic element located at the other end, and the basic elements approach each other. It may be foldable in the direction.

なお、本明細書において用語「折り畳み式」は「開閉式」と同義に用いる。「開き状態」とは、基本要素が拡げられて開口部を形成した状態を意味し、「折り畳み状態」とは、基本要素の開口部が閉じられた状態を意味する。また、「折り畳み状態」とは、基本要素が折り畳まれて２層積層体又は多層積層体が形成された状態を意味する場合もある。   In this specification, the term “folding type” is used synonymously with “opening and closing type”. “Open state” means a state in which the basic element is expanded to form an opening, and “folded state” means a state in which the opening of the basic element is closed. The “folded state” may mean a state in which the basic element is folded to form a two-layer laminate or a multilayer laminate.

本発明の折り畳み式構造体では、鋭角三角域を有する４つの平面部材で開閉可能に連結された複数の基本要素が互いに稜線部で連結されているため、簡単な開閉又は折り畳み操作で複数の四角錐状の開口部を形成できるとともに、立体形状の構造体を形成でき、造形性を高めることができる。また、１つの基本要素を基準として複数の基本要素を対向する一対の稜線部の方向（周方向）に連結することにより、折り畳み操作により収容又は収納スペースが小さくできるとともに、容易に立体化できる。さらに、外観に優れた立体形状の構造体を容易に形成できる。   In the foldable structure of the present invention, a plurality of basic elements connected to each other by four plane members having an acute triangular area are connected to each other at a ridge line portion, so that a plurality of four elements can be easily opened / closed or folded. A pyramidal opening can be formed, a three-dimensional structure can be formed, and the formability can be improved. In addition, by connecting a plurality of basic elements in the direction (circumferential direction) of a pair of ridge lines facing each other with one basic element as a reference, the accommodation or storage space can be reduced by a folding operation, and can be easily three-dimensionalized. Furthermore, a three-dimensional structure excellent in appearance can be easily formed.

図１は折り畳み式構造体の一例を示す図であり、図１（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図１（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体を展開した開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図１（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a foldable structure, and FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a state in which the foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other. FIG. 1C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state in which each structure is unfolded, and FIG. 1D is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which each basic element is folded in a direction approaching each other. 図２は他の折り畳み式構造体を示す図であり、図２（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図２（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図２（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another foldable structure, and FIG. 2A is a plan view showing a state in which the foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other, and FIG. FIG. 2C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 2D is a schematic perspective view showing a state where the basic elements are folded in a direction approaching each other. 図３はさらに他の折り畳み式構造体を示す図であり、図３（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図３（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図３（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a view showing still another foldable structure, and FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a state in which the foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other, and FIG. (C) is a schematic perspective view which shows the open state of a structure, respectively, FIG.3 (D) is a schematic perspective view which shows the state which each basic element folded in the direction which mutually approaches. 図４は別の折り畳み式構造体を示す図であり、図４（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図４（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図４（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a view showing another foldable structure, and FIG. 4A is a plan view showing a state in which the foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other, and FIG. FIG. 4C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 4D is a schematic perspective view showing a state where the basic elements are folded in a direction approaching each other. 図５はさらに別の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態を示す平面図であり、図５（Ａ）は各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図５（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図５（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a folded state of still another folding structure, and FIG. 5 (A) is a plan view showing a state in which each basic element is folded away from each other, and FIG. FIG. 5C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 5D is a schematic perspective view showing a state where the basic elements are folded in a direction approaching each other. 図６は他の折り畳み式構造体を示す図であり、図６（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す平面図であり、図６（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図６（Ｄ）は各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 6 is a view showing another foldable structure, and FIG. 6A is a plan view showing a state in which the foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other, and FIG. FIG. 6C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 6D is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the basic elements are folded in a direction approaching each other. 図７はさらに他の例の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態を示す概略平面図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing a folded state of a folding structure of still another example. 図８は別の例の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態を示す概略平面図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing a folded state of another example of the folding structure. 図９は本発明のさらに別の折り畳み式構造体の例を示す概略平面図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing another example of the foldable structure of the present invention. 図１０は本発明の他の折り畳み式構造体の例を示す概略斜視図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing another example of the foldable structure of the present invention. 図１１はさらに他の折り畳み式構造体を示す図であり、図１１（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図１１（Ｂ）は図１１（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図１１（Ｃ）は図１１（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態を示す概略斜視図である。11 is a view showing still another folding structure, FIG. 11 (A) is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the folding structure, and FIG. 11 (B) is a structure of FIG. 11 (A). FIG. 11C is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the body is folded in a direction in which each basic element approaches each other, and FIG. 11C is a schematic view showing a state in which the structure in FIG. 11A is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other. It is a perspective view.

以下に、添付図面を参照しつつ本発明を詳細に説明する。図１（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図１（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ折り畳み式構造体を順次展開した開き状態の一例を示す概略斜視図であり、図１（Ｄ）は図１（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。なお、平面部材の隣接部を接続する連結部材は図示されていない（以下、同じ）。また、図中、破線は第１の連結部材で接続された辺を示し、二重線は第２の連結部材で接続された稜線部を示し、一点鎖線は開口部の開口縁を示す。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a state in which a foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (a state in which the foldable structure is folded into a two-layer laminated structure), and FIGS. FIG. 1D is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of an open state in which folding structures are sequentially expanded, and FIG. 1D is a state in which the structure of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the state folded in the structure. In addition, the connection member which connects the adjacent part of a planar member is not illustrated (hereinafter the same). Moreover, in the figure, a broken line shows the side connected by the 1st connection member, a double line shows the ridgeline part connected by the 2nd connection member, and a dashed-dotted line shows the opening edge of an opening part.

図１（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）に示す折り畳み式構造体１は、展開した開き状態で四角錐状の開口部７ａ〜７ｃを形成する第１乃至第３の３つの基本要素（基本要素の数を示すｎ＝３）２ａ〜２ｃを備えており、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは、直角不等辺三角形状（角度が直角、６０°及び３０°の３つの頂点を有する三角形状）の４つの平面部材３ａ〜３ｄ（４ａ〜４ｄ，５ａ〜５ｄ）で構成されている。すなわち、各平面部材３ａ〜３ｄ（４ａ〜４ｄ，５ａ〜５ｄ）は、隣り合う２つの辺（斜辺及び短辺）で角度６０°の鋭角な三角域を形成しており、４つの平面部材３ａ〜３ｄ（４ａ〜４ｄ，５ａ〜５ｄ）は、前記鋭角な三角域を形成する斜辺及び短辺部を交互に隣接させ、各隣接部（隣接する斜辺部及び短辺部）を互いに第１の連結部材（ヒンジ部材）で折り曲げ可能に接続することにより、基本要素２ａ〜２ｃを形成している。そのため、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは、それぞれ４つの平面部材を開放する（拡げる）ことにより基点８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部７ａ〜７ｃが形成される。図１の構造体１の四角錐状の開口部の頂点（基点８）は４つの６０°三角域が隣接した形態を有している。   The foldable structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D includes first to third three basic elements (the number of basic elements) that form the quadrangular pyramid-shaped openings 7a to 7c in the opened state. N = 3) 2a to 2c, and each of the basic elements 2a to 2c has four planes in a right-angled unequal triangular shape (a triangular shape having three vertices at right angles, 60 ° and 30 °). It is comprised by member 3a-3d (4a-4d, 5a-5d). That is, each of the planar members 3a to 3d (4a to 4d, 5a to 5d) forms an acute triangular area having an angle of 60 ° between two adjacent sides (an oblique side and a short side), and the four planar members 3a. ˜3d (4a to 4d, 5a to 5d) alternately adjacent the hypotenuses and short sides forming the acute triangular area, and the adjoining units (adjacent hypotenuses and short sides) are first to each other. The basic elements 2a to 2c are formed by connecting the connecting members (hinge members) so that they can be bent. Therefore, each of the basic elements 2a to 2c is formed with quadrangular pyramid-shaped openings 7a to 7c having the base point 8 as a vertex by opening (expanding) four planar members. The apex (base point 8) of the quadrangular pyramidal opening of the structure 1 in FIG. 1 has a form in which four 60 ° triangular areas are adjacent to each other.

一方、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは、第１の連結部（ヒンジ部）を利用して互いに隣接する一対の平面部材を閉じる操作において、閉じ方向（折り畳み方向）を選択することにより、（ａ）隣接する最挟角域（角度３０°の領域）により形成された頂点域（角度６０°の領域）と、隣接する挟角域（角度６０°の領域）により形成された頂点域（角度１２０°の領域）とが対向して位置する変形した四角形状、又は（ｂ）隣接する挟角域（角度６０°の領域）により形成された頂点域（角度１２０°の領域）を有する二等辺三角形状の形態に折り畳み可能である。なお、（ａ）上記変形した四角形状に折り畳まれた基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは、図１（Ａ）を参照しつつ後述するように、複数の基本要素２ａ〜２ｃを有する構造体の折り畳みにより、互いに隣接して正三角形状の折り畳まれた積層体を形成する。   On the other hand, each of the basic elements 2a to 2c selects a closing direction (folding direction) in an operation of closing a pair of adjacent planar members using the first connecting portion (hinge portion), and (a) A vertex region (region with an angle of 60 °) formed by the adjacent most sandwiched angle region (region of angle 30 °) and a vertex region (an angle of 120 ° formed by the adjacent sandwiched angle region (region with an angle of 60 °)) Or an isosceles triangle shape having a vertex region (region with an angle of 120 °) formed by an adjacent narrow angle region (region with an angle of 60 °). It can be folded into the form. Note that (a) the basic elements 2a to 2c folded into the deformed quadrangular shape are folded by a structure having a plurality of basic elements 2a to 2c, as will be described later with reference to FIG. An equilateral triangular folded laminate is formed adjacent to each other.

そして、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃの稜線部のうち、直角不等辺三角形状の平面部材の短辺部で形成された稜線部９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃが第２の連結部材で接続され、折り畳み式構造体を形成している。すなわち、基準要素としての第２の基本要素２ｂの対向する稜線部（短辺部）９ｂに対して、第１の基本要素２ａの稜線部（短辺部）９ａと第３の基本要素２ｃの稜線部（短辺部）９ｃとがそれぞれ第２の連結部材により折り曲げ可能に接続されており、複数の基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは対向する一対の稜線部９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃの方向に連なり、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは前記基点８を中心として開閉（又は伸縮）可能である。   And among the ridge lines of the basic elements 2a to 2c, the ridge lines 9a, 9b, 9c formed by the short sides of the plane member having a right-angled unequal triangular shape are connected by the second connecting member, and the foldable structure Forming the body. That is, with respect to the opposing ridge line part (short side part) 9b of the second basic element 2b as the reference element, the ridge line part (short side part) 9a of the first basic element 2a and the third basic element 2c A ridge line portion (short side portion) 9c is connected to each other by a second connecting member so as to be bendable, and a plurality of basic elements 2a to 2c are connected in the direction of a pair of opposed ridge line portions 9a, 9b, 9c, The basic elements 2a to 2c can be opened and closed (or expanded and contracted) around the base point 8.

なお、隣接する各平面部材３ａ〜３ｄ（４ａ〜４ｄ，５ａ〜５ｄ）は第１の連結部材（例えば、薄肉部）で接続され、ヒンジ式に折り曲げ可能であるとともに、基本要素２ａ〜２ｃの稜線部は第２の連結部材（例えば、薄肉部）で接続され、ヒンジ式に折り曲げ可能である。   In addition, each planar member 3a-3d (4a-4d, 5a-5d) which adjoins is connected by the 1st connection member (for example, thin part), and it can be bent by hinge type, and basic elements 2a-2c The ridge portions are connected by a second connecting member (for example, a thin portion) and can be bent in a hinge manner.

このような構造では、前記対向する一対の稜線部９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃの方向（各基本要素が連なる方向）に沿って各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃが遠ざかる方向（周方向）に折り畳むと、図１（Ａ）に示されるように、２ｎ＝２×３個の平面部材３ａ，３ｂ（４ａ，４ｂ）（５ａ，５ｂ）又は３ｃ，３ｄ（４ｃ，４ｄ）（５ｃ，５ｄ）が面方向に隣接し、かつ２層構造に積層された形態の積層体が形成される。この積層体の平面形状は、図１（Ａ）に示されるように、前記（ａ）変形した四角形状（不等辺菱形状）の折畳体のうち広角な頂点域（角度１２０°の領域）を中心として、変形した四角形状（不等辺菱形状）の折畳体を周方向に隣接させた形態を有する。すなわち、積層体の平面形状は、隣接する斜辺部が第１の連結部材で接続された三対の平面部材３ａ，３ｂ（４ａ，４ｂ）（５ａ，５ｂ）及び３ｃ，３ｄ（４ｃ，４ｄ）（５ｃ，５ｄ）で構成された正三角形状であり、基本要素２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃの両端部に位置する各一対の平面部材３ａ，３ｃ（５ａ，５ｃ）の短辺部は第１の連結部材で接続され、他の稜線部から遊離している。なお、上記正三角形状の積層体の平面形状において、２×３個の直角不等辺三角形状の平面部材は、正三角形を各頂点から対向する各底辺に向けて延びる垂線で区画した形態で配列されている。また、平面部材の最挟角域（角度３０°の領域）が正三角形の各頂点域（角度６０°の領域）を形成し、平面部材の直角域が正三角形状の各辺の中央部で隣接している。   In such a structure, when each basic element 2a to 2c is folded away in the direction (circumferential direction) along the direction of the pair of opposing ridges 9a, 9b, 9c (direction in which the basic elements are connected), FIG. As shown in (A), 2n = 2 × 3 plane members 3a, 3b (4a, 4b) (5a, 5b) or 3c, 3d (4c, 4d) (5c, 5d) are adjacent in the plane direction. And the laminated body of the form laminated | stacked on the two-layer structure is formed. As shown in FIG. 1A, the planar shape of the laminate is a wide-angle apex region (region having an angle of 120 °) in the (a) deformed quadrangular (unequal-sided rhombus) fold. And a deformed quadrangular (unequal-sided rhombus-shaped) folded body adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. That is, the planar shape of the laminated body is such that three pairs of planar members 3a, 3b (4a, 4b) (5a, 5b) and 3c, 3d (4c, 4d) in which adjacent oblique sides are connected by the first connecting member. (5c, 5d) is an equilateral triangle shape, and the short sides of the pair of planar members 3a, 3c (5a, 5c) located at both ends of the basic elements 2a, 2b, 2c are the first connection They are connected by members and are separated from other ridges. In the planar shape of the regular triangular laminate, the 2 × 3 right-angled unequal triangular planar members are arranged in a form in which the regular triangles are partitioned by perpendicular lines extending from the vertices toward the opposing bases. Has been. Further, the narrowest angle region (region of 30 ° angle) of the planar member forms each vertex region (region of 60 ° angle) of the equilateral triangle, and the right angle region of the planar member is at the center of each side of the equilateral triangle shape. Adjacent.

一方、第２の基本要素２ｂの前記対向する一対の稜線部９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃの方向（各基本要素が連なる方向）に沿って各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃが互いに近づく方向（周方向）に展開すると、図１（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示すように、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃは開口して互いに連なった形態の開口部５ａ〜５ｃを形成し、造形性及び装飾性の高い構造体を形成できる。   On the other hand, each of the basic elements 2a to 2c develops in a direction (circumferential direction) closer to each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridgelines 9a, 9b, 9c of the second basic element 2b (direction in which the basic elements are connected). Then, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the basic elements 2a to 2c are opened to form openings 5a to 5c that are connected to each other, thereby forming a structure with high formability and decorativeness. it can.

また、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃがさらに互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に折り畳むと、図１（Ｄ）に示されるように、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材が２ｎ層（２×３層）構造の形態で積層された積層体が形成される。この積層体の平面形状は、図１（Ｄ）に示されるように、直角不等辺三角形状の２つの平面部材３ａ，３ｃの短辺が互いに隣接して配列され、隣接する短辺部が第１の連結部材で接続された一対の平面部材３ｃ，３ｄ（３ａ，３ｂ）（４ｃ，３ｄ）…（５ａ，５ｂ）で構成された二等辺三角形状であり、この二等辺三角形状の底辺の中央部では平面部材の直角域が隣接している。   Further, when the basic elements 2a to 2c are further folded along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge line portions in a direction closer to each other (direction in which the basic elements are contracted), as shown in FIG. A laminated body in which two planar members adjacent in the direction are laminated in the form of a 2n layer (2 × 3 layer) structure is formed. As shown in FIG. 1 (D), the planar shape of the laminated body is such that the short sides of two plane members 3a and 3c having a right-angled unequal triangular shape are arranged adjacent to each other, and the adjacent short sides are first. It is an isosceles triangle shape composed of a pair of planar members 3c, 3d (3a, 3b) (4c, 3d) (5a, 5b) connected by one connecting member, and the bottom of the isosceles triangle shape In the center, the right-angle areas of the planar members are adjacent.

このような折り畳み式構造体１では、基点８を中心として、左右方向に進退動させることにより、各基本要素２ａ〜２ｃを四角錐状に開閉できるとともに、閉じ方向（折り畳み方向）を選択することにより、扁平な２層構造又は嵩高な２ｎ層構造の積層体を形成でき、構造体の収容又は収納スペースを小さくできる。   In such a foldable structure 1, the basic elements 2 a to 2 c can be opened and closed in a quadrangular pyramid shape by moving forward and backward in the left-right direction around the base point 8, and the closing direction (folding direction) is selected. Accordingly, a laminate having a flat two-layer structure or a bulky 2n-layer structure can be formed, and the accommodation or storage space of the structure can be reduced.

本発明では、複数の基本要素を連結する稜線部は、三角域を有する平面部材の形状に応じて選択でき、前記稜線部を選択することにより、各基本要素で形態の異なる開口部を形成できる。   In the present invention, the ridge line part that connects a plurality of basic elements can be selected according to the shape of the planar member having a triangular area, and by selecting the ridge line part, openings having different forms can be formed in each basic element. .

図２（Ａ）は他の折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図２（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ図２（Ａ）の構造体を展開した開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図２（Ｄ）は図２（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 2A is a plan view showing a state in which another foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (a state in which it is folded into a two-layer laminated structure). FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an opened state in which the structure of FIG. 2A is developed, and FIG. 2D is a state in which the structure of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the state folded in the multilayer laminated structure.

この例の構造体は、図１に示すのと同様の平面部材で構成された複数の基本要素が、短辺部ではなく斜辺部で稜線部を形成し、これらの稜線部で互いに連結されている点を除き、前記図１の構造体と同様の構造を有している。   In the structure of this example, a plurality of basic elements composed of planar members similar to those shown in FIG. 1 form a ridge line portion at an oblique side portion instead of a short side portion, and these ridge line portions are connected to each other. Except for this point, it has the same structure as the structure shown in FIG.

すなわち、図２に示す構造体１１の各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃは、図１に示すのと同様の直角不等辺三角形状の４つの平面部材１３ａ〜１３ｄ（１４ａ〜１４ｄ，１５ａ〜１５ｄ）で構成され、隣り合う２つの辺（底辺及び斜辺）で角度３０°の鋭角な三角域を形成する斜辺及び短辺部を交互に隣接させ、各隣接部（隣接する斜辺部及び短辺部）を互いに第１の連結部材（ヒンジ部材）で折り曲げ可能（ヒンジ式）に接続することにより、図１の構造体１の基本要素と同様に構成されている。そのため、各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃは、それぞれ４つの平面部材を開放する（拡げる）ことにより基点１８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部１７ａ〜１７ｃを形成する。図２の構造体１の四角錐状の開口部の頂点（基点１８）は、図１と同様に、６０°三角域が隣接した形態を有している。   That is, each basic element 12a to 12c of the structure 11 shown in FIG. 2 is configured by four planar members 13a to 13d (14a to 14d, 15a to 15d) having the same right-angled equilateral triangle shape as shown in FIG. The hypotenuses and short sides forming an acute triangular area with an angle of 30 ° are alternately adjacent to each other between two adjacent sides (base and hypotenuse), and the adjoining portions (adjacent hypotenuse and short sides) are mutually connected. The first connecting member (hinge member) is configured to be foldable (hinge type) so as to be configured in the same manner as the basic element of the structure 1 in FIG. Therefore, each of the basic elements 12a to 12c forms quadrangular pyramid-shaped openings 17a to 17c having the base point 18 as a vertex by opening (expanding) four planar members. The apex (base point 18) of the quadrangular pyramidal opening of the structure 1 in FIG. 2 has a form in which 60 ° triangular areas are adjacent to each other, as in FIG.

また、第２の基本要素１２ｂの対向する稜線部（斜辺部）１９ｂに対して、隣接する第１及び第３の基本要素１２ａ，１２ｃの稜線部（斜辺部）１９ａ，１９ｃが第２の連結部材により連なった形態で折り曲げ可能（ヒンジ式）に接続され、各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃが前記基点１８を中心として開閉（伸縮又は開閉）可能な折り畳み式構造体を形成している。   Further, the ridge line portions (slope side portions) 19a and 19c of the adjacent first and third basic elements 12a and 12c are connected to the opposite ridge line portion (slope side portion) 19b of the second basic element 12b. The basic elements 12a to 12c are connected to each other in a form that can be folded in a continuous manner by members, and each of the basic elements 12a to 12c forms a foldable structure that can be opened / closed (expanded / closed).

そして、各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃが遠ざかる方向（周方向）に折り畳むと、図２（Ａ）に示すように、２層構造に積層された平面正三角形状の形態の積層体（２ｎ＝２×３個の平面部材１３ａ，１３ｂ（１４ａ，１４ｂ）（１５ａ，１５ｂ）又は１３ｃ，１３ｄ（１４ｃ，１４ｄ）（１５ｃ，１５ｄ）が面方向に隣接し、かつ２層構造の積層体）が形成される。一方、図２（Ａ）に示す折り畳み状態から、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃが互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に次第に折り畳むと、図２（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示すように、各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃが次第に開口して開口部１７ａ〜１７ｃが形成される。一方、各基本要素１２ａ〜１２ｃがさらに互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に折り畳むと、図２（Ｄ）に示されるように、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材が２ｎ層（２×３層）構造の形態で積層された積層体（平面形状が不等辺菱形状の積層体）が形成される。   And when each basic element 12a-12c is folded away (circumferential direction), as shown in FIG. 2 (A), a laminate in the form of a plane regular triangle laminated in a two-layer structure (2n = 2 × Three planar members 13a, 13b (14a, 14b) (15a, 15b) or 13c, 13d (14c, 14d) (15c, 15d) are adjacent to each other in the plane direction, and a laminate having a two-layer structure is formed. The On the other hand, from the folded state shown in FIG. 2 (A), when the basic elements 12a to 12c are gradually folded in the direction in which the basic elements 12a to 12c approach each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines (the direction in which the basic elements contract), As shown in 2 (B) and (C), the basic elements 12a to 12c are gradually opened to form openings 17a to 17c. On the other hand, when each of the basic elements 12a to 12c is folded in a direction closer to each other (a direction in which the basic elements are contracted), as shown in FIG. A laminated body (a laminated body having an irregular rhombus shape in plan view) is formed in the form of a (2 × 3 layer) structure.

本発明では、基本要素を形成する４つの平面部材の形状及び複数の基本要素の数と配列状態を調整することにより、種々の形態の折り畳み式構造体を形成できる。   In the present invention, various types of folding structures can be formed by adjusting the shape of the four planar members forming the basic elements and the number and arrangement of the plurality of basic elements.

図３（Ａ）はさらに他の折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図３（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図３（Ｄ）は図３（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a state in which another basic structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (a state in which it is folded into a two-layer laminated structure). ) Is a schematic perspective view showing the open state of the structure, and FIG. 3D is a state in which the structure of FIG. 3A is folded in a direction in which the basic elements approach each other (folded into a multilayer laminated structure). It is a schematic perspective view which shows a state.

この例では、直角不等辺三角形状の平面部材に代えて直角二等辺三角形状（角度９０°、４５°及び４５°の３つの頂点からなる三角形状）の平面部材を用いている点、３つの基本要素に代えて４つの基本要素を接続している点を除き、前記図１〜図２に示す構造体と同様の構造を有している。   In this example, instead of a plane member having a right-angled unequal triangular shape, a plane member having a right-angled isosceles triangle shape (a triangle shape having three vertices of angles 90 °, 45 ° and 45 °) is used. It has the same structure as the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 except that four basic elements are connected instead of the basic elements.

より詳細には、前記構造体２１を構成する４つの基本要素（ｎ＝４）２２ａ〜２２ｄは、それぞれ、直角二等辺三角形状の４つの平面部材２３ａ〜２３ｄ（２４ａ〜２４ｄ，２５ａ〜２５ｄ，２６ａ〜２６ｄ）と、これらの平面部材の鋭角な角度４５°の三角域（斜辺及び１つの等辺により形成された鋭角三角域）の隣接部（斜辺部及び等辺部）を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とで構成され、各基本要素は、展開操作により基点２８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部２７ａ〜２７ｄを形成する。図３の構造体２１において、開口部の頂点（基点２８）は４つの４５°三角域が隣接した形態を有している。   More specifically, the four basic elements (n = 4) 22a to 22d constituting the structural body 21 are each composed of four planar members 23a to 23d (24a to 24d, 25a to 25d, 24a to 24d) having a right isosceles triangle shape. 26a to 26d) and the adjacent portions (the oblique sides and the equilateral portions) of the triangular member (the acute triangular region formed by the oblique sides and one equilateral side) having an acute angle of 45 ° of these flat members are connected in a foldable manner. Each basic element forms quadrangular pyramid-shaped openings 27a to 27d having a base point 28 as a vertex by an unfolding operation. In the structure 21 of FIG. 3, the apex (base point 28) of the opening has a form in which four 45 ° triangular areas are adjacent to each other.

各基本要素２２ａ〜２２ｄは、基準要素としての第２及び第３の基本要素２２ｂ，２２ｃにおいてそれぞれ対向する一対の稜線部（等辺部で形成される稜線部）に対して、第１の基本要素２２ａ及び第４の基本要素２２ｄの稜線部が隣接して連なり、これらの隣接部は互いに第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている。   Each of the basic elements 22a to 22d is a first basic element with respect to a pair of ridge line parts (ridge line parts formed by equilateral parts) facing each other in the second and third basic elements 22b and 22c as reference elements. The ridge line portions of 22a and the fourth basic element 22d are adjacent to each other, and these adjacent portions are connected to each other by a second connecting member so as to be bendable.

そして、構造体２１（ｎ＝４）を前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向（各基本要素が連なる方向）に沿って各基本要素２２ａ〜２２ｃが遠ざかる方向（周方向）に折り畳むと、図３（Ａ）に示されるように、平面形状が正四角形状であり、２ｎ＝２×４個の平面部材２３ａ，２３ｂ（２４ａ，２４ｂ）（２５ａ，２５ｂ）又は２３ｃ，２３ｄ（２４ｃ，２４ｄ）（２５ｃ，２５ｄ）が面方向に隣接し、かつ２層構造の積層体を形成する。また、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素２２ａ〜２２ｄを互いに近づけると、図３（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示されるように、各基本要素２２ａ〜２２ｄが開口し、四角錐状の開口部２７ａ〜２７ｄが連なった形態の構造体を形成できる。さらに、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素２２ａ〜２２ｄが互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に折り畳むと、図３（Ｄ）に示されるように、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材により２ｎ層（２×４層）構造の形態で積層され、平面形状が直角二等辺三角形状の積層体が形成される。   Then, when the structural body 21 (n = 4) is folded in the direction (circumferential direction) in which the basic elements 22a to 22c move away along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines (direction in which the basic elements are connected), FIG. As shown in (A), the planar shape is a regular square, and 2n = 2 × 4 planar members 23a, 23b (24a, 24b) (25a, 25b) or 23c, 23d (24c, 24d) ( 25c, 25d) are adjacent to each other in the plane direction and form a laminate having a two-layer structure. Further, when the basic elements 22a to 22d are brought closer to each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines, the basic elements 22a to 22d are opened as shown in FIGS. A structure in which pyramidal openings 27a to 27d are connected can be formed. Furthermore, when each of the basic elements 22a to 22d is folded in the direction in which the basic elements 22a to 22d approach each other (the direction in which the basic elements contract) along the direction of the pair of ridge lines facing each other, as shown in FIG. Are laminated in the form of a 2n layer (2 × 4 layers) structure by two planar members adjacent to each other to form a laminated body having a planar shape of a right isosceles triangle.

図４（Ａ）は別の折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図４（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図４（Ｄ）は図４（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 4A is a plan view showing a state in which another foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (a state in which it is folded into a two-layer laminated structure). FIG. 4D is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 4D is a state in which the structure of FIG. 4A is folded in a direction in which each basic element approaches each other (a state in which the structure is folded into a multilayer laminated structure). FIG.

この例では、複数の基本要素の稜線部が、図３に示すのと同様の平面部材（直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材）の等辺部ではなく斜辺部で形成され、これらの稜線部を互いに連結している点を除き、前記図３の構造体と同様の構造を有している。   In this example, the ridge line portions of a plurality of basic elements are formed by the oblique side portions, not the equilateral portions of the same planar member (right isosceles triangular planar member) as shown in FIG. 3, and these ridge line portions are mutually connected. Except for being connected, it has the same structure as the structure shown in FIG.

すなわち、図４に示す構造体３１を構成する各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄは、それぞれ、直角二等辺三角形状の４つの平面部材３３ａ〜３３ｄ（３４ａ〜３４ｄ，３５ａ〜３５ｄ，３６ａ〜３６ｄ）の鋭角な三角域を隣接させ、これらの隣接部を第１の連結部材で連結することにより形成されている。また、４つの基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄにおいて斜辺部で形成される稜線部が隣接し、これらの隣接部が互いに第２の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続され又は連なっている。各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄは、基点３８を中心として開閉可能であり、展開操作により各開口部３７ａ〜３７ｄを形成する。   That is, each of the basic elements 32a to 32d constituting the structure 31 shown in FIG. 4 is an acute angle of four planar members 33a to 33d (34a to 34d, 35a to 35d, 36a to 36d) each having a right isosceles triangle shape. These triangular regions are adjacent to each other, and these adjacent portions are connected by a first connecting member. Further, the ridge line portions formed by the oblique sides in the four basic elements 32a to 32d are adjacent to each other, and these adjacent portions are connected to or connected to each other so as to be bent by the second connecting member. Each of the basic elements 32a to 32d can be opened and closed with the base point 38 as a center, and the openings 37a to 37d are formed by a deployment operation.

また、構造体３１（ｎ＝４）を各基本要素が連なる方向に沿って各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｃが遠ざかる方向（周方向）に折り畳むと、図４（Ａ）に示されるように、平面形状が正四角形状であり、２ｎ＝２×４個の平面部材３３ａ，３３ｂ（３４ａ，３４ｂ）（３５ａ，３５ｂ）又は３３ｃ，３３ｄ（３４ｃ，３４ｄ）（３５ｃ，３５ｄ）が面方向に隣接し、かつ２層構造の積層体を形成する。一方、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄを互いに近づけると、図４（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示されるように、各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄが開口し、四角錐状の開口部３７ａ〜３７ｄが連なった形態の構造体を形成できる。さらに、各基本要素３２ａ〜３２ｄが互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に折り畳むと、図４（Ｄ）に示されるように、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材により２ｎ層（２×４層）構造の形態で積層され、平面形状が正四角形状の積層体が形成される。   Further, when the structure 31 (n = 4) is folded in a direction (circumferential direction) in which each of the basic elements 32a to 32c moves away along the direction in which the basic elements are connected, as shown in FIG. Is a regular square shape, 2n = 2 × 4 plane members 33a, 33b (34a, 34b) (35a, 35b) or 33c, 33d (34c, 34d) (35c, 35d) are adjacent to each other in the plane direction, In addition, a laminate having a two-layer structure is formed. On the other hand, when the basic elements 32a to 32d are brought close to each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines, the basic elements 32a to 32d are opened as shown in FIGS. A structure having a shape in which pyramidal openings 37a to 37d are continuous can be formed. Furthermore, when each of the basic elements 32a to 32d is folded in a direction in which the basic elements 32a to 32d approach each other (a direction in which each basic element contracts), as shown in FIG. A 2 × 4 layer) structure is laminated, and a laminated body having a regular tetragonal planar shape is formed.

図５（Ａ）はさらに別の折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図５（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図５（Ｄ）は図５（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 5A is a plan view showing a state in which another foldable structure is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (a state in which it is folded into a two-layer laminated structure). ) Is a schematic perspective view showing the open state of the structure, and FIG. 5 (D) is a state in which the structure of FIG. 5 (A) is folded in a direction in which each basic element approaches each other (folded into a multi-layer laminated structure). It is a schematic perspective view which shows a state.

図５に示す例では平面部材として正三角形状の平面部材が利用されている。すなわち、構造体４１は、３つの基本要素４２ａ〜４２ｃ（ｎ＝３）で構成され、各基本要素は、４つの平面部材４３ａ〜４３ｄ（４４ａ〜４４ｄ，４５ａ〜４５ｄ）の６０°三角域（鋭角三角域）が隣接し、各隣接部は、図１の例と同様に、互いに第１の連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている。各基本要素４２ａ〜４２ｃは、展開操作により基点４８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部４７ａ〜４７ｃを形成する。開口部４７ａ〜４７ｃは４つの６０°の三角域が隣接した四角錐状の形態を有している。   In the example shown in FIG. 5, a regular triangular planar member is used as the planar member. That is, the structure 41 is configured by three basic elements 42a to 42c (n = 3), and each basic element is a 60 ° triangular region (four flat members 43a to 43d (44a to 44d, 45a to 45d)) ( As shown in FIG. 1, each adjacent portion is connected to each other so as to be bendable by a first connecting member. Each basic element 42a to 42c forms a quadrangular pyramid-shaped opening 47a to 47c with the base point 48 as the apex by the unfolding operation. The openings 47a to 47c have a quadrangular pyramid shape in which four 60 ° triangular areas are adjacent to each other.

構造体４１は、図１に示す例と同様に、第２の基本要素４２ｂを基準として、第２の基本要素４２ｂの対向する稜線部に対して、第１及び第３の基本要素４２ａ，４２ｃの稜線部が第２の連結部材により折り曲げ可能（ヒンジ式に）に接続されている。   As in the example shown in FIG. 1, the structure 41 has the first and third basic elements 42 a and 42 c with respect to the opposing ridge line portions of the second basic element 42 b with respect to the second basic element 42 b. The ridge line portion is connected to the second connecting member so as to be bendable (in a hinge manner).

このような折り畳み式構造体４１では、図５（Ａ）に示す正六角形状の折り畳み状態（２ｎ＝２×３個の平面部材が面方向に隣接した２層構造の積層体）から各基本要素４２ａ〜４２ｃが遠ざかる方向に折り畳むと、図５（Ｂ）及び図５（Ｃ）に示すように、基点４８を中心として、各基本要素４２ａ〜４２ｃが四角錐状の形態の開口部４７ａ〜４７ｃを形成し、さらに閉じ操作（折り畳み操作）により、図５（Ｄ）に示す菱形状の折り畳み状態（２ｎ層（２×３層）構造の層積層体）が形成される。   In such a foldable structure 41, each basic element from the regular hexagonal folded state (a laminated body having a two-layer structure in which 2n = 2 × 3 planar members are adjacent in the plane direction) shown in FIG. When folded in the direction in which 42a to 42c move away, as shown in FIG. 5 (B) and FIG. 5 (C), each of the basic elements 42a to 42c has a quadrangular pyramid-shaped opening 47a to 47c with the base point 48 as the center. And further a closing operation (folding operation), the rhombus-shaped folded state (layer stack of 2n layers (2 × 3 layers) structure) shown in FIG. 5D is formed.

図６（Ａ）は他の例の折り畳み式構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す平面図であり、図６（Ｂ）（Ｃ）はそれぞれ構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図６（Ｄ）は図６（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 6A is a plan view showing a state in which a folding structure of another example is folded in a direction in which each basic element moves away from each other (state folded in a two-layer laminated structure), and FIG. FIG. 6C is a schematic perspective view showing an open state of the structure, and FIG. 6D is a view in which the structure of FIG. 6A is folded in a direction in which the basic elements approach each other (folded into a multilayer laminated structure). FIG.

図６に示す例では、構造体を４つの基本要素に代えて２つの基本要素で構成する点を除いて、前記図３に示す構造体と同様の構造を有している。すなわち、図６の構造体５１を構成する２つの基本要素５２ａ，５２ｂ（ｎ＝２）は、４つの直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材５２ａ〜５２ｄ（５３ａ〜５３ｄ）と、これらの平面部材の鋭角な角度４５°の三角域の隣接部（斜辺部及び等辺部）を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とで構成され、各基本要素は、展開操作により基点５８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部５７ａ，５７ｂを形成する。   The example shown in FIG. 6 has the same structure as the structure shown in FIG. 3 except that the structure is composed of two basic elements instead of the four basic elements. That is, the two basic elements 52a and 52b (n = 2) constituting the structure 51 of FIG. 6 include four right-angled isosceles triangular planar members 52a to 52d (53a to 53d) and the planar members. A quadrangular pyramid composed of a first connecting member that foldably connects adjacent portions (an oblique side portion and an equilateral side portion) of a triangular region having an acute angle of 45 °, and has a base point 58 as a vertex by an unfolding operation. Shaped openings 57a and 57b are formed.

そして、構造体５１（ｎ＝２）を各基本要素５２ａ，５２ｂが連なる方向に沿って各基本要素が遠ざかる方向に展開（又は折り畳む）と、図６（Ａ）に示されるように、２ｎ＝２×２個の平面部材５２ａ，５２ｂ，５３ａ，５３ｂ（５２ｃ，５２ｄ，５３ｃ，５３ｄ）が面方向に隣接し、かつ２層構造の積層体を形成する。この積層体は、一対の直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材５２ａ，５２ｂ（５２ｃ，５２ｄ）の斜辺又は底辺が隣接した正四角形状の形態と、他の一対の直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材５３ａ，５３ｂ（５３ｃ，５３ｄ）の斜辺又は底辺が隣接した正四角形状の形態とが隣接し、平面形状が長方形状である。逆に各基本要素５２ａ，５２ｂを互いに近づけると、図６（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示されるように、各基本要素５２ａ，５２ｂが次第に開口し、四角錐状の開口部５７ａ，５７ｂが連なった形態の構造体を形成できる。さらに、各基本要素５２ａ，５２ｂが互いに近づく方向（各基本要素を収縮させる方向）に折り畳むと、図６（Ｄ）に示されるように、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材により２ｎ層（２×２層）構造の形態で積層され、平面形状が直角二等辺三角形状の積層体が形成される。   Then, when the structural body 51 (n = 2) is expanded (or folded) in the direction in which the basic elements move away along the direction in which the basic elements 52a and 52b are continuous, as shown in FIG. 6A, 2n = 2 × 2 planar members 52a, 52b, 53a, and 53b (52c, 52d, 53c, and 53d) are adjacent to each other in the plane direction, and form a laminate having a two-layer structure. This laminate includes a pair of right-angled isosceles triangular planar members 52a, 52b (52c, 52d) having a regular tetragonal shape with adjacent hypotenuses or bases, and another pair of right-angled isosceles-shaped planar members 53a. , 53b (53c, 53d) are adjacent to each other in the form of a regular tetragon with the hypotenuse or the base being adjacent to each other, and the planar shape is rectangular. Conversely, when the basic elements 52a and 52b are brought close to each other, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, the basic elements 52a and 52b are gradually opened, and the quadrangular pyramid-shaped openings 57a and 57b are connected. Form structures can be formed. Furthermore, when each basic element 52a, 52b is folded in a direction approaching each other (a direction in which each basic element is contracted), as shown in FIG. 6 (D), 2n layers ( 2 × 2 layers) is laminated, and a laminated body having a planar shape with a right isosceles triangle shape is formed.

なお、前記の例では、三角形状の平面部材を利用しているが、本発明において、鋭角な三角域を形成できる限り、種々の形状の平面部材が利用できる。図７は他の例の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態（各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態））を示す概略平面図である。   In the above example, a triangular planar member is used. However, in the present invention, various planar members can be used as long as an acute triangular area can be formed. FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing a folded state of a folding structure of another example (a state in which each basic element is folded away from each other (a state folded in a two-layer laminated structure)).

この例では、図５の構造体４１の正三角形状の平面部材に代えて菱形状の平面部材を用いている点を除き、前記図５の構造体と同様の構造を有している。すなわち、平面部材として、一対の正三角形の一辺を共有又は隣接させた菱形状の平面部材６３ａ〜６３ｄ（６４ａ〜６４ｄ、６５ａ〜６５ｄ）を用いている。そのため、各基本要素６２ａ〜６２ｃは、展開状態では、基点６８を中心として開放（開口）し、前記図５（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示す開口部の端縁から三角形状の延出辺が延出した形態を示す。   This example has the same structure as the structure of FIG. 5 except that a rhombus-shaped planar member is used instead of the regular triangular planar member of the structure 41 of FIG. That is, as the planar member, rhombic planar members 63a to 63d (64a to 64d, 65a to 65d) in which one side of a pair of equilateral triangles is shared or adjacent are used. Therefore, each basic element 62a to 62c is opened (opened) around the base point 68 in the unfolded state, and a triangular extension side extends from the edge of the opening shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C. The form that was put out is shown.

図８は本発明のさらに他の例の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態（各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態））を示す概略平面図である。   FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing a folded state (a state in which each basic element is folded away from each other (a state folded in a two-layer laminated structure)) of a folding structure according to still another example of the present invention.

この例では、図５の構造体４１の正三角形状の平面部材に代えて鋭角な三角域を有する扇形状の平面部材を用いている点を除いて前記図５と同様の構造を有している。すなわち、平面部材として、正三角形状の平面部材において斜辺を外方向に膨出した湾曲辺とし、他の２つの辺で鋭角三角域を形成した扇形状の平面部材７３ａ〜７３ｄ（７４ａ〜７４ｄ、７５ａ〜７５ｄ）を用いている。そのため、各基本要素７２ａ〜７２ｃは、展開状態では、基点７８を中心として開放（開口）し、前記図５（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示す開口部の端縁から湾曲辺が延出した形態を示す。   This example has the same structure as that of FIG. 5 except that a fan-shaped planar member having an acute triangular area is used instead of the regular triangular planar member of the structure 41 of FIG. Yes. That is, the flat members 73a to 73d (74a to 74d, 74a to 74d, 74a to 74d, in which the oblique side is a curved side bulging outward in the equilateral triangular planar member and the other two sides form an acute triangular area. 75a-75d). Therefore, in a deployed state, each basic element 72a to 72c is opened (opened) around the base point 78, and the curved side extends from the edge of the opening shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C. Show.

図９はさらに他の例の折り畳み式構造体の折り畳み状態（各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態））を示す概略平面図である。   FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing a folded state (a state in which each basic element is folded away from each other (a state folded in a two-layer laminated structure)) of another example of the folding structure.

この例では、図４の構造体３１の隣接する２つの直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材に代えて直角な三角域を有する扇形状の平面部材を用いている点を除いて前記図４と同様の構造を有している。すなわち、隣接する２つの直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材で形成された直角二等辺三角形において斜辺を外方向に膨出した湾曲辺とし、他の２つの辺で直角三角域を形成した扇形状の隣接する２つの平面部材８３ａ〜８３ｄ（８４ａ〜８４ｄ、８５ａ〜８５ｄ、８６ａ〜８６ｄ）を用いている。そのため、各基本要素８２ａ〜８２ｄは、展開状態では、基点８８を中心として開放（開口）し、前記図４（Ｂ）（Ｃ）に示す開口部の端縁から湾曲辺が延出した形態を示す。図９の構造体は、図８の構造体に比べ、小さく折り畳むことができるため、収容又は収納スペースを低減できる。   This example is the same as FIG. 4 except that a fan-shaped planar member having a right-angled triangular area is used in place of two adjacent right-angled isosceles triangular planar members of the structure 31 of FIG. It has the structure of. That is, in the right isosceles triangle formed by two adjacent right isosceles triangular plane members, the hypotenuse is a curved side that bulges outward, and the other two sides form a right triangle area. Two adjacent planar members 83a to 83d (84a to 84d, 85a to 85d, 86a to 86d) are used. Therefore, in a deployed state, each basic element 82a to 82d is opened (opened) with the base point 88 as the center, and the curved side extends from the edge of the opening shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C. Show. Since the structure in FIG. 9 can be folded smaller than the structure in FIG. 8, the accommodation or storage space can be reduced.

前記構造体において、平面部材は厚みを有する部材で構成してもよく、例えば、面を構成する骨組み又は梁部材で構成してもよい。また、平面部材は連結部材によりヒンジ式に連結されていてもよく、平面部材は、トラス構造を有していてもよい。このような構造の構造体では、平面部材の隣接辺の端面を利用することにより、１つの基本要素の開閉操作により隣接する基本要素を順次開閉可能であってもよい。換言すれば、１つの基本要素の開閉操作に連動して、隣接する基本要素を順次開閉してもよい。   In the structure, the planar member may be formed of a member having a thickness, and may be formed of, for example, a framework or a beam member that forms a surface. Further, the planar member may be hingedly connected by a connecting member, and the planar member may have a truss structure. In a structure having such a structure, adjacent basic elements may be sequentially opened / closed by opening / closing operations of one basic element by using end faces of adjacent sides of the planar member. In other words, adjacent basic elements may be sequentially opened and closed in conjunction with an opening / closing operation of one basic element.

図１０は本発明のさらに他の折り畳み式構造体の例を示す概略斜視図である。この例の構造体は、各平面部材がトラス構造（又は橋桁構造）を有している点を除き、図１に示す折り畳み式構造体に対応する形状を有しており、図１０には図１（Ｃ）に対応する構造が図示されている。すなわち、構造体９１は３つの各基本要素９２ａ〜９２ｃで構成され、各基本要素は、それぞれ４つの平面部材９３ａ〜９３ｄ（９４ａ〜９４ｄ，９５ａ〜９５ｄ）で構成されている。前記各平面部材は、各部材の辺に対応する三角枠状の区画フレーム９９と、これらの区画フレーム間に架設された架設フレーム１００とで構成されたトラス構造（橋桁構造）を有しており、互いに隣接する区画フレーム９９はヒンジ式に連結されている。なお、各平面部材の高さ（又は厚み）の側面も前記トラス構造で構成されている。また、平面部材９３ａ〜９３ｄ（９４ａ〜９４ｄ，９５ａ〜９５ｄ）はヒンジ式に折り曲げ可能に接続されており、各基本要素９２ａ〜９２ｃの稜線部もヒンジ式に折り曲げ可能に接続されている。   FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing another example of the folding structure of the present invention. The structure of this example has a shape corresponding to the folding structure shown in FIG. 1 except that each planar member has a truss structure (or a bridge girder structure). A structure corresponding to 1 (C) is shown. That is, the structure 91 is composed of three basic elements 92a to 92c, and each basic element is composed of four planar members 93a to 93d (94a to 94d, 95a to 95d). Each of the planar members has a truss structure (bridge girder structure) composed of a triangular frame-like partition frame 99 corresponding to the side of each member and a construction frame 100 installed between these partition frames. The adjacent partition frames 99 are hingedly connected. In addition, the height (or thickness) side surface of each planar member is also configured by the truss structure. Further, the planar members 93a to 93d (94a to 94d, 95a to 95d) are connected so as to be able to be bent in a hinge manner, and the ridge lines of the respective basic elements 92a to 92c are also connected so as to be bent in a hinge manner.

このようなトラス構造を有する構造体９１では、各基本要素９２ａ〜９２ｃを近づける方向に折り畳むと、基点９８を中心として展開し、四角錐状の開口部９７ａ〜９７ｃが形成される。また、開閉操作により、折り畳み状態と立体形状（開き状態）の構造体を形成できる。さらに、各平面部材がフレーム９９，１００で構成されているため、外観特性を向上でき、美観を高めることができる。特に、前記トラス構造を利用して１つの基本要素の開閉動作を隣接する基本要素に伝達できるため、１つの基本要素の開閉操作に連動して、隣接する基本要素を順次開閉（展開又は収縮）できる。   In the structure 91 having such a truss structure, when the basic elements 92a to 92c are folded in a direction in which the basic elements 92a to 92c are brought closer to each other, the base elements 98 are developed around the center 98, and quadrangular pyramidal openings 97a to 97c are formed. In addition, a structure in a folded state and a three-dimensional shape (open state) can be formed by opening and closing operations. Furthermore, since each planar member is composed of the frames 99 and 100, appearance characteristics can be improved, and aesthetics can be enhanced. In particular, since the opening / closing operation of one basic element can be transmitted to an adjacent basic element using the truss structure, the adjacent basic elements are sequentially opened / closed (expanded or contracted) in conjunction with the opening / closing operation of one basic element. it can.

前記構造体は、屋外施設用の屋根、建造物（仮設建造物など）などの構造体を形成するのに有用である。   The structure is useful for forming a structure such as a roof or a building (such as a temporary building) for an outdoor facility.

図１１は本発明のさらに他の折り畳み式構造体の例を示す概略斜視図である。図１１（Ａ）は折り畳み式構造体の開き状態を示す概略斜視図であり、図１１（Ｂ）は図１１（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに近づく方向（矢印Ａの方向）に折り畳んだ状態（多層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図であり、図１１（Ｃ）は図１１（Ａ）の構造体を各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向（矢印Ｂの方向）に折り畳んだ状態（２層の積層構造に折り畳んだ状態）を示す概略斜視図である。   FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view showing another example of the folding structure of the present invention. FIG. 11A is a schematic perspective view showing the open state of the foldable structure, and FIG. 11B shows the structure of FIG. 11A in a direction in which the basic elements approach each other (direction of arrow A). FIG. 11C is a schematic perspective view showing a folded state (a folded state in a multilayer laminated structure), and FIG. 11C shows the structure of FIG. 11A in a direction (direction of arrow B) in which each basic element moves away from each other. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the state folded (state folded in the laminated structure of 2 layers).

この例の構造体は、図３に示す構造体２１と同様の構造を有しており、前記構造体１０１を構成する４つの基本要素（ｎ＝４）１０２ａ〜１０２ｄは、それぞれ、直角二等辺三角形状の４つの平面部材１０３ａ〜１０３ｄ（１０４ａ〜１０４ｄ，１０５ａ〜１０５ｄ，１０６ａ〜１０６ｄ）と、これらの平面部材の鋭角な角度４５°の三角域の隣接部（斜辺部及び等辺部）を折り曲げ可能に接続する第１の連結部材とで構成され、各基本要素は、展開操作により基点１０８を頂点とした四角錐状の開口部１０７ａ〜１０７ｄを形成する。   The structure of this example has the same structure as the structure 21 shown in FIG. 3, and the four basic elements (n = 4) 102a to 102d constituting the structure 101 are each an isosceles right angle. Four triangular planar members 103a to 103d (104a to 104d, 105a to 105d, 106a to 106d) and the adjacent portions (the oblique side and the equilateral side) of the triangular region with an acute angle of 45 ° of these planar members are bent. Each basic element is formed with a quadrangular pyramid-shaped opening 107a to 107d having a base point 108 as a vertex by an unfolding operation.

構造体を展開状態で支持するため、各基本要素１０２ａ〜１０２ｄが遠ざかる方向に折り畳んだ正方形状の２層構造の積層体の形態（図１１（Ｃ））において、各基本要素が連なる方向の両端部及び中間部に位置する平面部材には、それぞれ第１の支持部材、第２の支持部材、及び中間支持部材が折り曲げ可能に取り付けられている。すなわち、一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材１０６ｂには、床、地面などのベースに固定な支持部材１０９ａ（第１の支持部材）が取り付けられ、他方の端部に位置する平面部材１０３ａには、支持部材１１１ａ（第２の支持部材）が折り曲げ可能に取り付けられ、中間部に位置する平面部材１０５ａには、隣接する基本要素１０２ｂ,１０２ｃの一方の隣接部に沿って、支持部材１１０ａ（中間支持部材）が折り曲げ可能に取り付けられている。２層の積層構造に折り畳んでも、第１の支持部材１０９ａと第２の支持部材１１１ａとが重なり合うことなく折り畳むため、第１の支持部材１０９ａは、鋭角な三角域側の稜線部に取り付けられ、第２の支持部材１１１ａは、開口部の開口縁側の稜線部に取り付けられている。中間支持部材１１０ａは、積層体を各基本要素が近づく方向にコンパクトに折り畳んだ形態を維持するため、中間支持部材１１０ａと隣接する平面部材１０４ｂと当接（又は接触）する部分の厚みが薄く形成されている。第２の支持部材１１１ａを各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に動かすと、基本要素１０２ａの開放（開口）により隣接する基本要素を順次開放できる。   In order to support the structure in an unfolded state, both ends in the direction in which the basic elements are connected in the form of a two-layer structure of a square shape folded in a direction in which the basic elements 102a to 102d are moved away (FIG. 11C). A first support member, a second support member, and an intermediate support member are attached to the planar members located at the first and second intermediate portions, respectively, so that they can be bent. That is, the flat member 106b of the basic element located at one end is attached with a support member 109a (first support member) fixed to the base such as the floor or the ground, and the flat member located at the other end. A support member 111a (second support member) is foldably attached to 103a, and the planar member 105a positioned at the intermediate portion is supported along one adjacent portion of the adjacent basic elements 102b and 102c. 110a (intermediate support member) is foldably attached. Since the first support member 109a and the second support member 111a are folded without overlapping even when folded into a two-layer laminated structure, the first support member 109a is attached to the ridge line portion on the acute triangular area side, The 2nd support member 111a is attached to the ridgeline part by the side of the opening edge of an opening part. The intermediate support member 110a is formed to have a thin thickness at a portion that abuts (or contacts) the intermediate support member 110a and the planar member 104b adjacent to the intermediate support member 110a in order to maintain a compactly folded configuration in a direction in which each basic element approaches. Has been. When the second support member 111a is moved in a direction in which the basic elements move away from each other, adjacent basic elements can be sequentially opened by opening (opening) the basic elements 102a.

第１の支持部材１０９ａ、第２の支持部材１１１ａ、及び中間支持部材１１０ａは、それぞれ長手方向に沿って、各支持部材を補強するため、補強部材を備えている。すなわち、この例では、第１の支持部材１０９ａは、両側部（対向する側部）に補強部材１０９ｂ,１０９ｃを備え、第２の支持部材１１１ａ及び中間支持部材１１０ａは、一方の側部に補強部材１１１ｂ,１１０ｂを備えている。   The first support member 109a, the second support member 111a, and the intermediate support member 110a each include a reinforcing member in order to reinforce each support member along the longitudinal direction. That is, in this example, the first support member 109a is provided with reinforcing members 109b and 109c on both sides (opposing sides), and the second support member 111a and the intermediate support member 110a are reinforced on one side. Members 111b and 110b are provided.

２層構造の積層体を安定に支持するため、第２の支持部材１１１ａ及び中間支持部材１１０ａのベース側の端部には、ベースに対する接地面積の大きな保持部材１１１ｃ,１１０ｃを備えている。   In order to stably support the laminate having the two-layer structure, holding members 111c and 110c having a large ground contact area with respect to the base are provided at the base side ends of the second support member 111a and the intermediate support member 110a.

このような構造体１０１は、各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に展開して広げ、支持部材により立体構造を形成でき、使用しないときは、各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に収縮するという簡単な操作で収容スペースを小さくできる。   Such a structure 101 can be expanded and expanded in a direction in which the basic elements move away from each other, and a three-dimensional structure can be formed by the support member. When not in use, the basic elements can be contracted in a direction to approach each other. Storage space can be reduced.

なお、本発明の構造体を形成する前記平面部材の形状は、隣り合う２つの辺により鋭角な三角域を形成できる限り特に制限されず、鋭角な三角域を形成する第１辺及び第２辺と異なり、これらの二辺に隣接する第３辺の形状は直線状であってもよく、多角形状（三角形状など）、山形状、湾曲状などの形態で直線的又は非直線的に突出又は膨出していてもよく、凹状などの形態で直線的又は非直線的に切り欠かれていてもよい。例えば、平面部材の形状は、前記のように、扇形状、菱形状などの他、前記第３辺がＶ字状又はＵ字状に切り欠かれた矢じり状などであってもよい。平面部材の形状は、三角形状（例えば、直角不等辺三角形状、直角二等辺三角形状、正三角形状）である場合が多い。   The shape of the planar member forming the structure of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as an acute triangular area can be formed by two adjacent sides, and the first side and the second side forming the acute triangular area. Unlike the two sides, the shape of the third side adjacent to these two sides may be linear, projecting linearly or non-linearly in a polygonal shape (such as a triangular shape), a mountain shape, a curved shape, or the like. It may be swollen and may be cut out linearly or non-linearly in a concave shape. For example, as described above, the shape of the planar member may be a fan shape, a rhombus shape, or the like, or an arrowhead shape in which the third side is cut out in a V shape or a U shape. In many cases, the planar member has a triangular shape (for example, a right-angled isosceles triangle shape, a right-angled isosceles triangle shape, or an equilateral triangle shape).

平面部材は、平面状の部材（例えば、シート、プレート若しくはボードなど）で構成してもよく、梁又は骨組み部材で構成してもよく、平面状の部材と梁又は骨組み部材とを組み合わせて構成してもよい。また、平面部材の材質は、紙、木材、プラスチック、金属、セラミックスなどであってもよい。さらに、各部材には、補強性を付与するため、リブ（直線状、格子状などのリブ）を形成してもよい。   The planar member may be composed of a planar member (for example, a sheet, a plate, or a board), may be composed of a beam or a frame member, and is configured by combining a planar member and a beam or a frame member. May be. Further, the material of the planar member may be paper, wood, plastic, metal, ceramics or the like. Furthermore, in order to give reinforcement to each member, you may form a rib (ribs, such as linear form and a grid | lattice form).

梁又は骨組み部材は、縦方向、横方向、斜め方向などに規則的又は不規則的に配して各平面部材を構成でき、交差方向（縦横方向など）に配設して各平面部材を構成してもよい。平面部材は、通常、フレームで構成でき、例えば、各平面部材の少なくとも１つの辺に対応する区画フレーム（特に、全ての辺（扇形状の平面部材の場合、全ての直線部及び円弧部）に対応する区画フレーム、又は隣接する平面部材の隣接辺に対応する区画フレーム）と、これらの区画フレームのうち対向する平面部材間を連結する架設フレームとで構成できる。区画フレームは各平面部材に対応する枠体（又は枠状フレーム）を構成する場合が多く、架設フレームは、区画フレームのうち少なくとも１つの対向方向（縦方向及び／又は横方向、格子状）に配設する場合が多い。さらに、全ての平面部材が前記フレーム構造を有している必要はなく、平面部材のうち少なくとも１つの部材はトラス構造又は橋桁構造を有していてもよく、このような平面部材は、例えば、連結部材によりヒンジ式に連結してもよい。なお、連結部材は、互いに隣接する平面部材において、一方の平面部材の区画フレームと他方の平面部材の区画フレームとを連結してもよく、一方の平面部材の区画フレームと他方の平面部材の架設フレームの端部とを連結してもよく、一方の平面部材の架設フレームの端部と他方の平面部材の架設フレームの端部とを連結してもよい。フレームが構成された平面部材には、和紙などの紙を貼り合わせてもよく、パネルやボードなどを取り付けてもよい。   Beams or frame members can be arranged regularly or irregularly in the vertical direction, horizontal direction, diagonal direction, etc. to configure each planar member, and arranged in the crossing direction (vertical and horizontal direction etc.) to configure each planar member May be. The planar member can usually be constituted by a frame, for example, a partition frame corresponding to at least one side of each planar member (particularly, on all sides (in the case of a fan-shaped planar member, all straight portions and arc portions)). A corresponding partition frame, or a partition frame corresponding to an adjacent side of an adjacent planar member), and an erection frame that connects the opposing planar members of these partition frames. In many cases, the partition frame constitutes a frame (or frame-shaped frame) corresponding to each planar member, and the installation frame is arranged in at least one facing direction (vertical direction and / or horizontal direction, lattice shape) of the partition frames. It is often arranged. Furthermore, it is not necessary that all the planar members have the frame structure, and at least one member of the planar members may have a truss structure or a bridge girder structure. You may connect with a hinge type with a connection member. The connecting member may connect the partition frame of one planar member and the partition frame of the other planar member in the planar members adjacent to each other. You may connect the edge part of a flame | frame, and you may connect the edge part of the construction frame of one planar member, and the edge part of the construction frame of the other planar member. A paper such as Japanese paper may be bonded to the flat member in which the frame is configured, and a panel or a board may be attached.

さらに、各平面部材は厚板状又は側面を介して梁又は骨組み部材で形成されたフレーム構造（特に、トラス構造）を有していてもよく、側面もフレーム構造（特に、トラス構造）を有していてもよい。なお、平面部材が、厚板状、トラス構造などの厚みを有する部材又は構造である場合、隣接する４つの平面部材の端縁を隣接させて第１の連結部材でヒンジ式に接続するとともに、各基本要素の稜線部を形成する辺の端縁を隣接させて第２の連結部材でヒンジ式に接続するのが好ましい。特に、四角錐状に開口する基本要素の内壁で平面部材の端縁の隣接部を第１の連結部材でヒンジ式に接続し、基本要素の外壁で各基本要素の稜線部を形成する辺の端縁の隣接部を第２の連結部材でヒンジ式に接続するのが好ましい。このような形態で各平面部材及び各基本要素を接続すると、１つの基本要素の開き操作により隣接する複数の基本要素を順次開放することができ、閉じ操作により隣接する平面部材の端面を隣接させて折り畳むことができる。   Further, each planar member may have a frame structure (particularly, a truss structure) formed of a plate or a side surface with a beam or a frame member, and the side surface also has a frame structure (particularly a truss structure). You may do it. When the planar member is a member or structure having a thickness such as a thick plate shape or a truss structure, the edge of four adjacent planar members are adjacent to each other and connected in a hinge manner with the first connecting member, It is preferable that the edges of the sides forming the ridge line portion of each basic element are adjacent to each other and connected in a hinge manner by the second connecting member. In particular, the adjacent edge of the planar member is connected to the inner wall of the basic element that opens in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid in a hinged manner using the first connecting member, and the edge that forms the ridge line portion of each basic element is formed on the outer wall of the basic element. It is preferable to connect the adjacent portions of the end edges in a hinged manner with the second connecting member. When each planar member and each basic element are connected in such a form, a plurality of adjacent basic elements can be sequentially opened by an opening operation of one basic element, and end faces of the adjacent planar members are made adjacent by a closing operation. Can be folded.

本発明の構造体を構成する基本要素は、４つの平面部材の各鋭角三角域を隣接させ、これらの隣接部を折り曲げ可能に連結部材で接続することにより形成でき、開き状態で四角錐状の開口部を形成すればよい。平面部材の鋭角三角域は、折り畳み可能な形態で１つの平面部材を接続するため、例えば、２０〜７０°（特に、３０〜６０°）程度の角度を形成するのが好ましい。また、本発明の構造体は、複数の基本要素を形成する４ｎ個の平面部材（ｎは基本要素の数を示し、２以上の整数である）で構成でき、通常、８、１２、１６又は２０個（特に、８、１２又は１６個）の平面部材で構成できる。   The basic element constituting the structure of the present invention can be formed by adjoining each acute angle triangular area of four planar members and connecting these adjacent portions with a connecting member so as to be bendable. An opening may be formed. The acute angle triangular area of the planar member preferably forms an angle of, for example, about 20 to 70 ° (particularly 30 to 60 °) in order to connect one planar member in a foldable form. Further, the structure of the present invention can be composed of 4n planar members (n is the number of basic elements and is an integer of 2 or more) forming a plurality of basic elements, and is usually 8, 12, 16 or It can be composed of 20 (particularly 8, 12 or 16) planar members.

本発明の構造体において、基本要素の数は特に制限されず、例えば、２〜５（例えば、２〜４）個程度の基本要素で構成してもよい。基本要素の連結方式は、開き状態の各基本要素の少なくとも１つの稜線部が隣接し、隣接部が互いに連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続される方式であれば特に制限されない。例えば、前記の例に示されるように、基準となる１又は複数の基本要素の対向する一対の稜線部と隣接する基本要素の１つの稜線部とを連結部材で接続してもよく、基準となる基本要素であってもよい基本要素の４つの稜線部のうち、非対向位置の稜線部（例えば、図１では、斜辺部及び短辺部）で、隣接する基本要素の稜線部を連結部材で接続してもよい。好ましい態様では、複数の基本要素が、対向する一対の稜線部（例えば、基準となる１又は複数の基本要素の対向する一対の稜線部）で隣接し、隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている。なお、第２の連結部材で接続される基本要素の稜線部は、平面部材の形状に応じて、鋭角三角域を形成する平面部材の少なくとも１つの辺で形成できる。例えば、第２の連結部材で接続される基本要素の稜線部は、三角形状の平面部材の短辺、斜辺（二等辺三角形では等辺又は斜辺、正三角形ではいずれかの辺）などの種々の辺で形成できる。   In the structure of the present invention, the number of basic elements is not particularly limited, and may be composed of, for example, about 2 to 5 (for example, 2 to 4) basic elements. The connection method of the basic elements is not particularly limited as long as at least one ridge line portion of each open basic element is adjacent and the adjacent portions are connected to each other so as to be bendable by the connection member. For example, as shown in the above example, a pair of opposing ridgeline portions of one or more basic elements serving as a reference and one ridgeline portion of an adjacent basic element may be connected by a connecting member, Among the four ridge line portions of the basic element which may be the basic element, the ridge line portions of the adjacent basic elements are connected to the ridge line portions at the non-opposing positions (for example, the oblique side portion and the short side portion in FIG. 1). You may connect with. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of basic elements are adjacent to each other at a pair of opposed ridge lines (for example, a pair of ridge lines opposed to one or more basic elements serving as a reference), and the adjacent parts are connected to be foldable by a connecting member. Has been. In addition, the ridgeline part of the basic element connected by the second connecting member can be formed by at least one side of the planar member that forms an acute triangular area according to the shape of the planar member. For example, the ridge line portion of the basic element connected by the second connecting member is a variety of sides such as the short side and the hypotenuse of the triangular planar member (equilateral or hypotenuse for an isosceles triangle, or any side for an equilateral triangle). Can be formed.

構造体は、折り畳み状態において平面形状である必要はないが、通常、収容又は収納スペースを低減するため、折り畳み状態において平面形状であるのが好ましい。構造体の平面形状（折り畳み状態の形状）は特に制限されず多角形状（三角形状、四角形状など）、円形状などであってもよい。折り畳み状態の構造体の平面形状は、中心線を基準として非対称であってもよいが、通常、収納又は収容スペースを低減するため、対称の平面形状である場合が多い。このような構造体は、平面形状に折り畳むことができるとともに、開閉操作により開口部を開口させて立体形状を形成できる。好ましい態様では、対向する一対の稜線部の方向に複数の基本要素が連なる形態の構造体を形成し、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳むことにより、面方向に隣接する２ｎ個（ｎは基本要素の数を示す）の平面部材が２層構造の形態で積層された積層体を形成する。また、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳む（収縮させる）ことより、面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材が２ｎ層構造（ｎは前記に同じ）の形態で積層された積層体を形成する構造体が好ましい。   The structure does not need to have a planar shape in the folded state, but it is usually preferable to have a planar shape in the folded state in order to reduce accommodation or storage space. The planar shape of the structure (folded shape) is not particularly limited, and may be a polygonal shape (triangular shape, quadrangular shape, etc.), a circular shape, or the like. The planar shape of the folded structure may be asymmetric with respect to the center line, but is usually a symmetric planar shape in order to reduce storage or accommodation space. Such a structure can be folded into a planar shape, and a three-dimensional shape can be formed by opening the opening by an opening / closing operation. In a preferred aspect, by forming a structure in which a plurality of basic elements are connected in the direction of a pair of opposing ridge lines, and folding each basic element in a direction away from each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines. Then, 2n (n represents the number of basic elements) planar members adjacent to each other in the plane direction are stacked to form a two-layer structure. Further, by folding (shrinking) the basic elements along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines, the two planar members adjacent in the plane direction have a 2n layer structure (n is the same as above) The structure which forms the laminated body laminated | stacked on the form of () is preferable.

なお、構造体において、互いに隣接する前記平面部材は連結部材（ヒンジ部材）により折り曲げ可能に接続できる。連結部材（ヒンジ部材）は平面部材の隣接辺の少なくとも一部（１又は複数箇所で）を接続すればよく、隣接辺を全体に亘り接続してもよい。   In the structure, the planar members adjacent to each other can be connected by a connecting member (hinge member) so as to be bent. The connecting member (hinge member) may connect at least a part (at one or a plurality of locations) of adjacent sides of the planar member, and may connect the adjacent sides over the whole.

構造体は、基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向へ折り畳んで形成された２層構造の積層体の形態で、前記積層体をベースに対して支持可能な支持部材を備えていてもよい。前記支持部材の形態は、通常、支柱などの柱状である。また、支持部材の構造は、各基本要素が近づく方向に構造体を折り畳み可能であればよく、必ずしも薄肉部を形成する必要はない。   The structure may include a support member that can support the laminated body with respect to the base in the form of a laminated body having a two-layer structure formed by folding the basic elements in directions away from each other. The form of the support member is usually a columnar shape such as a support column. Moreover, the structure of a support member should just be able to fold a structure in the direction which each basic element approaches, and does not necessarily need to form a thin part.

支持部材の数は、基本要素の数ｎに応じて適宜選択でき、１個又は複数（例えば、２個以上、好ましくは２〜６個、さらに好ましくは２〜４個程度）であってもよい。支持部材は、基本要素が連なる方向において、一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材に取り付けられていてもよく、好ましくは一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材と、他方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材とに取り付けられていてもよい。また、基本要素の数ｎが３以上の場合は、一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材と、他方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材と、中間の基本要素の平面部材とに取り付けられていてもよい。また、支持部材は、平面部材に対して着脱可能であってもよい。   The number of support members can be selected as appropriate according to the number n of basic elements, and may be one or more (for example, two or more, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably about 2 to 4). . The support member may be attached to the planar member of the basic element located at one end in the direction in which the basic elements are connected, preferably the planar member of the basic element located at one end and the other end It may be attached to the planar member of the basic element located in the part. In addition, when the number n of basic elements is 3 or more, a basic element planar member located at one end, a basic element planar member located at the other end, and an intermediate basic element planar member; It may be attached to. Further, the support member may be detachable from the planar member.

前記支持部材の補強部材は、必ずしも必要ではなく、通常、支持部材の長手方向に沿って形成される。   The reinforcing member of the support member is not necessarily required, and is usually formed along the longitudinal direction of the support member.

支持部材のベース側の端部は、支持部材の長手方向と垂直方向に、２層構造の積層体を安定に保持するための保持部材を備えていてもよいが、必ずしも保持部材は必要ではない。   The end portion on the base side of the support member may include a holding member for stably holding the two-layer structure in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the support member, but the holding member is not necessarily required. .

構造体は、２層構造の積層体の形態を維持するための係止部を備えていてもよい。係止部は、２層構造の積層体の展開状態を維持するために、基本要素が連なる方向の一方の端部と、他方の端部とを係合する形態であってもよく、各基本要素が開口するのを防止するために、基本要素の開口部の対向する開口縁を係合する形態であってもよい。   The structure may include a locking portion for maintaining the form of the two-layer structure. In order to maintain the unfolded state of the laminated body having a two-layer structure, the locking portion may have a form in which one end in the direction in which the basic elements are connected and the other end are engaged. In order to prevent the element from opening, it may be configured to engage opposite opening edges of the opening of the basic element.

本発明では、種々の形状を有する平面部材を用いることにより、多様な開口部を有する構造体を形成できる。そのため、本発明の折り畳み式構造体は、各基本要素において四角錐状の開口部が形成された屋外施設用の屋根、教材、玩具、建造物（仮設建造物など）、造形品などの構造体を形成するのに有効である。   In the present invention, a structure having various openings can be formed by using planar members having various shapes. Therefore, the foldable structure of the present invention is a structure for roofs, teaching materials, toys, buildings (temporary buildings, etc.), shaped articles, etc. for outdoor facilities in which square pyramidal openings are formed in each basic element. It is effective to form.

１，１１，２１，３１，４１，５１，９１，１０１…折り畳み式構造体
２ａ〜２ｃ，１２ａ〜１２ｃ，２２ａ〜２２ｄ，３２ａ〜３２ｄ，４２ａ〜４２ｄ，５２ａ，５２ｂ，６２ａ〜６２ｃ，７２ａ〜７２ｃ，９２ａ〜９２ｃ，１０２ａ〜１０２ｄ…基本要素
３ａ〜３ｄ，４ａ〜４ｄ，５ａ〜５ｄ，１３ａ〜１３ｄ，１４ａ〜１４ｄ，１５ａ〜１５ｄ，２３ａ〜２３ｄ，２４ａ〜２４ｄ，２５ａ〜２５ｄ，２６ａ〜２６ｄ，３３ａ〜３３ｄ，３４ａ〜３４ｄ，３５ａ〜３５ｄ，３６ａ〜３６ｄ，４３ａ〜４３ｄ，４４ａ〜４４ｄ，４５ａ〜４５ｄ，５３ａ〜５３ｄ，５４ａ〜５４ｄ，６３ａ〜６３ｄ，６４ａ〜６４ｄ，６５ａ〜６５ｄ，７３ａ〜７３ｄ，７４ａ〜７４ｄ，７５ａ〜７５ｄ，９３ａ〜９３ｄ，９４ａ〜９４ｄ，９５ａ〜９５ｄ，１０３ａ〜１０３ｄ，１０４ａ〜１０４ｄ，１０５ａ〜１０５ｄ，１０６ａ〜１０６ｄ…平面部材
７ａ〜７ｃ，１７ａ〜１７ｃ，２７ａ〜２７ｄ，３７ａ〜３７ｄ，４７ａ〜４７ｄ，５７ａ，５７ｂ，９７ａ〜９７ｃ，１０７ａ〜１０７ｄ…開口部
８，１８，２８，３８，４８，５８，６８，７８，９８，１０８…基点
９ａ〜９ｄ，１９ａ〜１９ｄ…稜線部
９９，１００…フレーム 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 91, 101... Foldable structures 2a-2c, 12a-12c, 22a-22d, 32a-32d, 42a-42d, 52a, 52b, 62a-62c, 72a- 72c, 92a to 92c, 102a to 102d ... basic elements 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d, 13a to 13d, 14a to 14d, 15a to 15d, 23a to 23d, 24a to 24d, 25a to 25d, 26a to 26d, 33a to 33d, 34a to 34d, 35a to 35d, 36a to 36d, 43a to 43d, 44a to 44d, 45a to 45d, 53a to 53d, 54a to 54d, 63a to 63d, 64a to 64d, 65a to 65d, 73a-73d, 74a-74d, 75a-75d, 93a-93d, 94a-94d, 95a-95 , 103a to 103d, 104a to 104d, 105a to 105d, 106a to 106d, planar members 7a to 7c, 17a to 17c, 27a to 27d, 37a to 37d, 47a to 47d, 57a, 57b, 97a to 97c, 107a to 107d ... Openings 8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 98, 108 ... Base points 9a to 9d, 19a to 19d ... Ridge parts 99, 100 ... Frame

Claims (12)

開き状態で四角錐状の開口部を形成する複数の基本要素と、これらの基本要素を接続する連結部材とを備え、開閉可能な折り畳み式構造体であって、前記基本要素が、隣り合う２つの辺が鋭角三角域を形成する４つの平面部材と、これらの４つの平面部材で形成された各鋭角三角域の隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材とを備えており、開き状態の複数の基本要素が互いに稜線部で隣接し、この隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている折り畳み式構造体。   A foldable structure that includes a plurality of basic elements that form a quadrangular pyramid-shaped opening in an open state and a connecting member that connects these basic elements, the basic elements being adjacent to each other. And four planar members each having an acute angle triangular area, and a connecting member that foldably connects adjacent portions of each acute angle triangular area formed by these four planar members. A foldable structure in which the basic elements are adjacent to each other at a ridge line portion, and the adjacent portions are connected to each other so as to be bent by a connecting member. 複数の基本要素が、対向する一対の稜線部で隣接し、この隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている請求項１記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of basic elements are adjacent to each other at a pair of opposing ridgeline portions, and the adjacent portions are connected to each other by a connecting member so as to be foldable. 対向する一対の稜線部の方向に開き状態の複数の基本要素が連なる構造体であって、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向に折り畳むことによって面方向に隣接する２ｎ個（ｎは基本要素の数を示す）の平面部材が２層構造の形態で積層された積層体が形成され、前記対向する一対の稜線部の方向に沿って各基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳むことよって面方向に隣接する２個の平面部材が２ｎ層構造（ｎは前記に同じ）の形態で積層された積層体が形成される請求項１又は２記載の折り畳み式構造体。   A structure in which a plurality of basic elements in an open state are connected in the direction of a pair of opposing ridge lines, and the basic elements are folded in a direction away from each other along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines in the plane direction A laminated body is formed by laminating 2n adjacent planar members (where n indicates the number of basic elements) in the form of a two-layer structure, and each basic element is mutually aligned along the direction of the pair of opposing ridge lines. The foldable structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a folded body in which two planar members adjacent in the plane direction are laminated in the form of a 2n layer structure (n is the same as above) is formed by folding in the approaching direction. . 平面部材が三角形状である請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the planar member has a triangular shape. 基本要素が、隣り合う斜辺と短辺とが角度６０°の三角域を形成する４つの直角不等辺三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材とを備えており、開き状態の各基本要素の斜辺部又は短辺部で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The basic elements are four right-angle inequilateral triangular planar members in which the adjacent hypotenuse and short side form a triangular area having an angle of 60 °, and a connecting member that connects the adjacent parts adjacent to the triangular area so as to be bendable. The ridgeline part formed by the oblique side part or short side part of each basic element in the open state is adjacent, and this adjacent part is connected so as to be bendable by the connecting member. The foldable structure described in 1. 基本要素が、隣り合う斜辺と１つの等辺とで角度４５°の三角域を形成する４つの直角二等辺三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材とを備えており、開き状態の各基本要素の斜辺部又は等辺部で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   Basic elements are four right-angled isosceles triangular plane members forming a 45 ° angle triangular area between adjacent oblique sides and one equilateral side, and a connecting member that connects the adjacent parts adjacent to the triangular area so as to be bendable. The ridge line part formed by the oblique side part or the equilateral part of each basic element in the opened state is adjacent, and this adjacent part is connected so as to be bendable by the connecting member. The foldable structure described in 1. 基本要素が、隣り合う２つの辺が角度６０°の三角域を形成する４つの正三角形状の平面部材と、前記三角域が隣接する隣接部を折り曲げ可能に接続する連結部材とを備えており、開き状態の各基本要素の辺で形成される稜線部が隣接し、この隣接部が連結部材で折り曲げ可能に接続されている請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The basic element includes four equilateral triangular planar members in which two adjacent sides form a triangular area having an angle of 60 °, and a connecting member that connects the adjacent parts adjacent to each other so that the triangular area can be bent. The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ridge lines formed by sides of each basic element in an open state are adjacent to each other, and the adjacent portions are connected by a connecting member so as to be foldable. ２〜４つの基本要素を備えている請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising two to four basic elements. 平面部材が厚みを有する部材であり、１つの基本要素の開閉操作により隣接する基本要素が順次開閉可能である請求項１〜８のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the planar member is a member having a thickness, and adjacent basic elements can be sequentially opened and closed by opening and closing operations of one basic element. 平面部材が、トラス構造を有している請求項１〜９のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the planar member has a truss structure. 各基本要素が互いに遠ざかる方向へ折り畳んで形成された２層構造の積層体の形態で、前記積層体を支持可能な支持部材を備えている請求項１〜１０のいずれかに記載の折り畳み式構造体。   The foldable structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a support member capable of supporting the laminated body in the form of a laminated body having a two-layer structure formed by folding each basic element in a direction away from each other. body. 各基本要素が連なる方向の一方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材及び他方の端部に位置する基本要素の平面部材に支持部材が取り付けられ、前記基本要素が互いに近づく方向に折り畳み可能である請求項１１記載の折り畳み式構造体。   Support members are attached to the planar member of the basic element located at one end in the direction in which each basic element is connected and the planar member of the basic element located at the other end, and the basic elements can be folded in a direction approaching each other. The foldable structure according to claim 11.
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