JP5226608B2 - Power adjustment method - Google Patents

Power adjustment method Download PDF

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JP5226608B2
JP5226608B2 JP2009132829A JP2009132829A JP5226608B2 JP 5226608 B2 JP5226608 B2 JP 5226608B2 JP 2009132829 A JP2009132829 A JP 2009132829A JP 2009132829 A JP2009132829 A JP 2009132829A JP 5226608 B2 JP5226608 B2 JP 5226608B2
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JP2010283420A (en
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恵一 田口
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Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は無線機の送信電力増幅器の電力調整方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a power adjustment method for a transmission power amplifier of a radio.

電力増幅器の周波数特性による利得のバラツキがあるため、規定電力とするため、電力調整は利得の低い周波数帯で調整することになるが、利得の高い周波数帯においては、励振部が出力し、電力増幅器で増幅した際、自動送信電力制御の動作により規定電力になるまでの時間は短時間ではあるが、規定電力を超える事がある。 Since there is a variation in gain due to the frequency characteristics of the power amplifier, the power adjustment is performed in the low gain frequency band in order to obtain the specified power. However, in the high gain frequency band, the excitation unit outputs power. When amplifying with an amplifier, the time until the specified power is reached by the operation of automatic transmission power control is short, but may exceed the specified power.

この時、電力増幅器の個体差によっては励振部の出力波形と比べて電力増幅器の出力は歪む現象が発生する。特に、振幅変調信号などで信号源の尖頭電力が高い場合においては歪みやすいという問題点がある。 At this time, depending on the individual difference of the power amplifier, the output of the power amplifier may be distorted as compared with the output waveform of the excitation unit. In particular, when the peak power of the signal source is high due to an amplitude modulation signal or the like, there is a problem that it is easily distorted.

従来方式では、この問題点を回避するため、周波数特性によるバラツキを抑えるよう、使用する周波数に絞って規定電力となるように規定電力に調整したり、場合によっては周波数バンドを区切って規定電力となるよう電力計を使用して調整している。 In the conventional method, in order to avoid this problem, in order to suppress variations due to frequency characteristics, the power is adjusted to the specified power so that the specified power is limited to the frequency to be used. The power meter is used for adjustment.

図1に従来の無線機の系統図を示す。電力調整時、励振部(信号源)1からの信号を電力調節器2を通して周波数変換器(信号源IFを送信する周波数へ変換する)3で使用する周波数に変換し、電力増幅器(周波数変換器の出力を規定電力まで増幅させる)4で電力を増幅し、電力検出器A(電力増幅器出力をピックアップコイル等非接触で検出し電圧として変換する)7で出力電力に対応した電圧等を検出する。 Fig. 1 shows a system diagram of a conventional radio. At the time of power adjustment, the signal from the excitation unit (signal source) 1 is converted to the frequency used by the frequency converter (converted to the frequency for transmitting the signal source IF) 3 through the power adjuster 2, and the power amplifier (frequency converter) The power is amplified by 4), and the voltage corresponding to the output power is detected by the power detector A (the power amplifier output is detected in a non-contact manner such as a pickup coil and converted into a voltage) 7. .

この時、 電力計(外付けの計測器)8で計測しながら、電力制御器(規定電力となるよう電力調節器を制御する)6の設定値を可変させ、規定電力となるように電力調節器(電力増幅器への入力を調整し、規定電力とする)2で出力レベルを調整する。 At this time, while measuring with the wattmeter (external measuring instrument) 8, the set value of the power controller 6 (which controls the power regulator so as to be the specified power) is varied to adjust the power so as to be the specified power. The output level is adjusted by a device (adjusting the input to the power amplifier to obtain the specified power) 2.

電力検出器A7で規定電力時に相当する検出電圧等を電力制御器6で設定させておく。電力増幅器4には周波数特性による利得のバラツキがあるため利得の低い帯域で規定電力となるように調整する必要がある。 A detection voltage or the like corresponding to the specified power is set by the power detector A7 using the power controller 6. Since the power amplifier 4 has a gain variation due to frequency characteristics, it is necessary to adjust the power amplifier 4 so that the specified power is obtained in a low gain band.

無線機運用時、空中線9での運用時は、励振部からの信号1を電力増幅器4で電力を増幅するが電力検出器A7で検出した電圧等が規定電力時の規定電圧等となった際、電力制御器6であらかじめ設定しておいた設定値により電力調節器2で出力レベルを調整し、規定電力となる。 When operating the radio or the antenna 9, when the signal 1 from the excitation unit is amplified by the power amplifier 4, the voltage detected by the power detector A7 becomes the specified voltage at the specified power, etc. The output level is adjusted by the power regulator 2 according to the set value set in advance by the power controller 6 to obtain the prescribed power.

この電力を自動で検出し、規定電力とする一連の動作は自動送信電力制御(APC)と呼ばれ一般的に広く用いられている。 A series of operations for automatically detecting this power and setting it to a specified power is called automatic transmission power control (APC) and is widely used in general.

特開昭61−90526JP-A 61-90526 特開昭61−245708JP 61-245708

一般的に無線機の使用周波数は、製造者側では知り得る状態ではないため、使用者が使用する周波数を決定するのは、無線機製造後である。 In general, the frequency used by a radio is not in a state that can be known by the manufacturer, and therefore, the frequency used by the user is determined after the radio is manufactured.

使用する周波数に絞った規定電力の調整では、使用する周波数が多数ある場合、無線機運用者は全ての使用周波数での調整が必要になる。 In the adjustment of the specified power focused on the frequency to be used, if there are many frequencies to be used, the radio operator needs to adjust at all the frequencies used.

製造者側で周波数バンドを区切って規定電力を調整する場合では、無線機運用者が送信電力の調整をしなくとも良い無線機になるが、電力増幅器のバラツキは解消されきれないため、送信出力では規定電力にバラツキが発生する。また、いくつかの周波数バンドでの多数の調整が必要になる。 When adjusting the specified power by dividing the frequency band on the manufacturer side, the radio operator does not need to adjust the transmission power, but the variation in power amplifier cannot be eliminated, so the transmission output Then, the specified power varies. In addition, many adjustments in several frequency bands are required.

上記のいずれも電力計を使用しての調整が必要になる。 Any of the above requires adjustment using a power meter.

電力増幅器からの出力電力を検出する電力検出器Aと、該電力検出器Aからの検出信号を検出して、電力増幅器の入力に接続されている電力調節器を制御して該電力増幅器の出力を調整する電力制御器から構成される電力調整回路において、
電力調整時には電力調節器の入力側に電力減衰器を接続し、該電力増幅器の出力には終端器を接続し、
終端器には電力を検出する電力検出器Bを接続し、該電力検出器Aからの検出電圧と該電力検出器Bからの検出電圧を取り込み、該電力減衰器で減衰されない場合の検出電圧に換算する電圧換算器を有し、該電圧換算器からの信号により該電力調節器を該電力制御器で制御して該電力増幅器の出力を全使用周波数で調整・設定するとともに、該電力制御器での設定値を無線機制御器に記録し、
運用時には、該電力減衰器、該終端器、該電力検出器BをOFFとして、該無線機制御器に記録した設定値に該電力制御器を設定して該電力調節器を調整して該電力増幅器からの出力電力を自動調整することを特徴とする。
A power detector A for detecting output power from the power amplifier, and a detection signal from the power detector A are detected, and a power regulator connected to the input of the power amplifier is controlled to output the power amplifier In a power adjustment circuit composed of a power controller for adjusting
At the time of power adjustment, connect a power attenuator to the input side of the power regulator, connect a terminator to the output of the power amplifier,
A power detector B for detecting power is connected to the terminator, and the detection voltage from the power detector A and the detection voltage from the power detector B are taken in, and the detection voltage when not attenuated by the power attenuator is obtained. A voltage converter for conversion, and the power controller is controlled by the power controller in accordance with a signal from the voltage converter to adjust and set the output of the power amplifier at all operating frequencies, and the power controller Record the set value in the radio controller,
During operation, the power attenuator, the terminator, and the power detector B are turned off, the power controller is set to the set value recorded in the radio controller, and the power adjuster is adjusted to adjust the power The output power from the amplifier is automatically adjusted.

本発明によれば、電力計等の計測器を無線機外部に接続して送信電力を調整することなく、通常無線機に内蔵される無線機制御器によって自動で送信電力を調整することが出来る。 According to the present invention, the transmission power can be automatically adjusted by the radio controller built in the normal radio without connecting a measuring instrument such as a power meter to the outside of the radio and adjusting the transmission power. .

また、電力計に相当する既知のインピーダンスである終端器を内蔵することにより、規定電力に相当する電圧等は既知であることから、通常無線機で内蔵されるAPC回路用の電力検出器と終端器で検出される規定電力に相当する電圧等を比較・記憶することにより、規定電力への調整が可能である。これは、仮に従来の無線機のAPC回路で不可欠な電力検出器に周波数特性が有ったとしても補正をかけることが可能であることを示す。 Moreover, since a voltage corresponding to the specified power is known by incorporating a terminator having a known impedance corresponding to a power meter, a power detector and termination for an APC circuit usually incorporated in a radio device The voltage can be adjusted to the specified power by comparing and storing the voltage corresponding to the specified power detected by the detector. This indicates that correction can be applied even if the power detector indispensable in the APC circuit of the conventional wireless device has frequency characteristics.

また、電力増幅器への入力を低減させることで無線機に内蔵する終端器を小型化できることから、従来の無線機のサイズに影響を与えることがない。なお、無線機で使用する電力増幅器はAB級のリニアアンプ(が前提)であることから入力が低減されていても直線性は確保されているため、ほとんど誤差無く調整が可能である。 Further, since the terminator built in the radio can be reduced by reducing the input to the power amplifier, the size of the conventional radio is not affected. Since the power amplifier used in the wireless device is a class AB linear amplifier (assuming that it is a premise), even if the input is reduced, linearity is ensured and adjustment is possible with almost no error.

本発明では、使用する周波数に対して、自動で規定電力の調整を行い、周波数バンドを区切って規定電力を調整する場合のような、電力増幅器の周波数特性によるバラツキは軽減され規定電力の送信電力とすることができる。
また、電力計等計測器を使用せずとも、自動でほとんどズレのない状態で規定電力に調整することが可能である。
In the present invention, the specified power is automatically adjusted for the frequency to be used, and the variation due to the frequency characteristics of the power amplifier is reduced, as in the case of adjusting the specified power by dividing the frequency band. It can be.
Further, it is possible to automatically adjust to the specified power with almost no deviation without using a measuring instrument such as a power meter.

このことにより、使用する周波数でバラツキが軽減された状態での規定電力に調整できるため送信時に電力増幅器で増幅した際、自動送信電力制御の動作により規定電力になるまでの時間は非常に短縮することが可能となり規定電力に収束する時間は短いものとなる。従って電力増幅器の個体差による励振部の出力波形と比べての電力増幅器の出力は歪む現象が軽減される。 As a result, it is possible to adjust to the specified power in a state where variation is reduced at the frequency to be used, so when it is amplified by the power amplifier at the time of transmission, the time until it becomes the specified power by the operation of automatic transmission power control is greatly reduced. And the time for convergence to the specified power is short. Therefore, the phenomenon that the output of the power amplifier is distorted compared to the output waveform of the excitation unit due to individual differences of the power amplifier is reduced.

また、本発明では、現在では一般的なデジタル無線機において励振部(信号源)はデジタル信号をD/Aしているので、無線機制御器により送信出力を電力検出器A7の状態を追随しつつ、規定出力にD/A出力の下位bit数で微調整することも可能であり、電力減衰器のモジュールをデジタル信号処理により本方法を実現可能であることも含んでいる。 In the present invention, since the excitation unit (signal source) D / A is a digital signal in a general digital radio at present, the radio output controller follows the state of the power detector A7 by the radio controller. However, it is also possible to finely adjust the specified output by the number of lower bits of the D / A output, which includes that the method can be realized by digital signal processing of the power attenuator module.

従来の無線機の系統図System diagram of conventional radio 本発明の無線機の系統図System diagram of the radio of the present invention

本発明の無線機の系統図を図2に、その実施例を以下に示す。まず初めに電力調整時の動作について説明する。無線機制御器(無線機全体のシステム制御)5は以下の(1)から(8)に示す一連の流れを制御する。 A system diagram of the radio of the present invention is shown in FIG. First, the operation during power adjustment will be described. A radio controller (system control of the entire radio) 5 controls a series of flows shown in the following (1) to (8).

(1)電力調整時に切り換え器B(電力増幅器出力信号を電力調整時と運用時で切り換える)16を終端器(外付け電力計に相当する低レベル50Ω終端器)15側に切り換え、励振部1の出力での切り換え器A(電力調節器入力信号のレベルを電力調整時と運用時で切り換える)11を電力減衰器(電力調節器への入力を一定の減衰をさせる)12側に切り換える。
(2)励振部1より定レベル信号を出力する。
(3)定レベル信号は電力減衰器12により定レベルの電力から−XdBの電力で出力され、電力調節器2を介して周波数変換器3で送信する周波数に変換される。
(1) During power adjustment, the switch B (switches the power amplifier output signal between power adjustment and operation) 16 is switched to the terminator (low level 50Ω terminator corresponding to an external power meter) 15 side, and the excitation unit 1 Is switched to the power attenuator (which causes the input to the power regulator to be attenuated to a certain extent) 11.
(2) A constant level signal is output from the excitation unit 1.
(3) The constant level signal is output from the constant level power by the power attenuator 12 with −X dB power, and is converted into a frequency to be transmitted by the frequency converter 3 through the power regulator 2.

(4)電力増幅器4は定レベルから−XdB低い入力により、規定電力−XdBの信号で増幅する。
(5)その時、電力検出器A7では検出電圧V1が検出され、同時に電力検出器B(電力増幅器出力を終端抵抗での電圧を検出する)14では50Ωで終端されたときの終端電圧V2が検出される。
(6)これら、V1とV2は電圧換算器(電力検出器A7と電力検出器B14の検出信号を減衰器で減衰させた出力電力に相当する検出電圧等を減衰させ無い検出電圧の状態と等価になるように換算する)13に入力される。
(4) The power amplifier 4 amplifies with a signal of the specified power −X dB by an input −X dB lower than the constant level.
(5) At that time, the detection voltage V1 is detected by the power detector A7, and at the same time, the termination voltage V2 when it is terminated at 50Ω is detected by the power detector B (which detects the voltage at the termination resistor of the power amplifier output) 14. Is done.
(6) These V1 and V2 are equivalent to voltage converters (detection voltage states that do not attenuate the detection voltage corresponding to the output power obtained by attenuating the detection signals of the power detector A7 and the power detector B14 with the attenuator). Is converted to 13).

(7)終端電圧V2は規定電力−XdBでの検出電圧であり、検出電圧V1は規定電力−XdBに相当する検出電圧である。電圧換算器13は、電力減衰器12で減衰させない状態での検出電圧を自動換算し電力制御器6に出力し、電力調節器2で規定電力−XdBに調整する。終端電圧は終端器15が50Ωであるため既知の数値であり換算は容易である。 (7) The termination voltage V2 is a detection voltage at the specified power −X dB, and the detection voltage V1 is a detection voltage corresponding to the specified power −X dB. The voltage converter 13 automatically converts the detected voltage that is not attenuated by the power attenuator 12 and outputs it to the power controller 6, and adjusts it to the specified power −X dB by the power regulator 2. The termination voltage is a known value because the terminator 15 is 50Ω, and conversion is easy.

(8)上記の(3)〜(7)を送信に使用する周波数で順次切り換えて繰り返し行い、全ての使用する周波数で行い、電圧換算器13の出力を全て無線機制御器5で記録・設定を行う。
なお、終端電圧は終端器15の誤差が非常に少ないものであれば、電力増幅器4はAB級リニアアンプであり電力増幅の直線性が確保されているため、入力がXdB低くても電力の調整に誤差はさほど大きくなく、規定電力で無線機の外側に電力計で送信出力を計測していることと同義である。
(8) The above (3) to (7) are sequentially switched and repeated at the frequencies used for transmission, and are performed at all the frequencies used, and all the outputs of the voltage converter 13 are recorded and set by the radio controller 5. I do.
If the termination voltage has very little error in the terminator 15, the power amplifier 4 is a class AB linear amplifier and the linearity of power amplification is ensured. Therefore, even if the input is low, the power adjustment is possible. The error is not so large, which is synonymous with the fact that the transmission output is measured with a power meter outside the radio device with the specified power.

この方法を用いれば、電圧換算器13に入力されるV1とV2の設定が適正に調整することで計測器である電力計を用いずとも送信電力を規定値に全て調整することが無い。また、電力減衰器12で励振部1の出力を減衰させて、送信電力を低減させるため、無線機100内部の終端器15は小型の物で良い。 If this method is used, the settings of V1 and V2 input to the voltage converter 13 are adjusted appropriately, so that all the transmission power is not adjusted to the specified value without using a wattmeter as a measuring instrument. Further, since the output of the excitation unit 1 is attenuated by the power attenuator 12 to reduce the transmission power, the terminator 15 inside the radio device 100 may be a small object.

次に無線機運用時の動作について説明する。無線運用時においては、電力減衰器12、電力検出器B14、終端器15はOFFとするが、この時の動作は、以下の(1)から(6)に示す様になる。 Next, the operation at the time of radio operation will be described. During wireless operation, the power attenuator 12, the power detector B14, and the terminator 15 are turned off. The operation at this time is as shown in the following (1) to (6).

(1)使用する励振部1で定レベル出力を行う。
(2)あらかじめ設定された電力制御器6での設定値で電力調節器2を制御する。
(3)電力増幅器4で増幅し、電力検出器A7で電圧等を検出する。
(4)検出電圧V1と既知である50Ω終端時の電圧V2は、電圧換算器13で換算された状態で記録・設定された状態で電力制御器6に出力される。
(1) A constant level output is performed by the excitation unit 1 to be used.
(2) The power regulator 2 is controlled with a preset value in the power controller 6.
(3) Amplification is performed by the power amplifier 4, and voltage or the like is detected by the power detector A7.
(4) The detected voltage V1 and the known 50Ω termination voltage V2 are output to the power controller 6 in a state of being recorded and set in a state converted by the voltage converter 13.

(5)電力制御器6はこの信号を基に電力調整を行う。
(6)既に使用周波数で設定されているので、大きく規定電力を外れることはなく、ほとんど歪みのない状態で送信電力が出力される。
(5) The power controller 6 performs power adjustment based on this signal.
(6) Since the frequency is already set at the operating frequency, the specified power is not greatly deviated and the transmission power is output with almost no distortion.

例えば、電力増幅器4の利得が50dB、規定電力が100W(=+50dBm)、電力減衰器12の減衰量Xを20dBとすると以下となる。 For example, when the gain of the power amplifier 4 is 50 dB, the specified power is 100 W (= + 50 dBm), and the attenuation amount X of the power attenuator 12 is 20 dB, the following is obtained.

励振部1の出力を0dBmとすると、電力減衰器12の出力が−20dBm、電力増幅器4の出力が+30dBmとなり、終端器電圧(平均)は7.07V(=V2)となる。電力調整器2で、終端器検出電圧V2を7.07Vとなるように調整する。その時の検出電圧を0.03V(と仮定する)を記録する。
電圧換算は電力減衰器により電圧は1/10(電力が20dB低減されることは電圧が1/10)となるので、規定電力時のV2は70.7V、V1は0.3Vとなる。 これを電力制御器6ならびに無線機制御器5で記録・設定する。
When the output of the excitation unit 1 is 0 dBm, the output of the power attenuator 12 is −20 dBm, the output of the power amplifier 4 is +30 dBm, and the terminator voltage (average) is 7.07 V (= V2). The power conditioner 2 adjusts the terminator detection voltage V2 to 7.07V. The detected voltage at that time is recorded as 0.03 V (assuming it).
In terms of voltage conversion, the voltage is 1/10 by the power attenuator (the voltage is reduced to 1/10 if the power is reduced by 20 dB), so that V2 at the specified power is 70.7 V and V1 is 0.3 V. This is recorded and set by the power controller 6 and the radio controller 5.

1 励振部
2 電力調節器
3 周波数変換器
4 電力増幅器
5 無線機制御器
6 電力制御器
7 電力検出器
8 電力計
11 切り替え器A
12 電力減衰器
13 電圧換算器
14 電力検出器B
15 終端器
16 切り替え器B
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Excitation part 2 Power regulator 3 Frequency converter 4 Power amplifier 5 Radio equipment controller 6 Power controller 7 Power detector 8 Wattmeter 11 Switch A
12 Power attenuator 13 Voltage converter 14 Power detector B
15 Terminator 16 Switch B

Claims (1)

電力増幅器からの出力電力を検出する電力検出器Aと、該電力検出器Aからの検出信号を検出して、電力増幅器の入力に接続されている電力調節器を制御して該電力増幅器の出力を調整する電力制御器から構成される電力調整回路において、
電力調整時には電力調節器の入力側に電力減衰器を接続し、該電力増幅器の出力には終端器を接続し、
終端器には電力を検出する電力検出器Bを接続し、該電力検出器Aからの検出電圧と該電力検出器Bからの検出電圧を取り込み、該電力減衰器で減衰されない場合の検出電圧に換算する電圧換算器を有し、該電圧換算器からの信号により該電力調節器を該電力制御器で制御して該電力増幅器の出力を全使用周波数で調整・設定するとともに、該電力制御器での設定値を無線機制御器に記録し、
運用時には、該電力減衰器、該終端器、該電力検出器BをOFFとして、該無線機制御器に記録した設定値に該電力制御器を設定して該電力調節器を調整して該電力増幅器からの出力電力を自動調整することを特徴とする電力調整方法
A power detector A for detecting output power from the power amplifier, and a detection signal from the power detector A are detected, and a power regulator connected to the input of the power amplifier is controlled to output the power amplifier In a power adjustment circuit composed of a power controller for adjusting
At the time of power adjustment, connect a power attenuator to the input side of the power regulator, connect a terminator to the output of the power amplifier,
A power detector B for detecting power is connected to the terminator, and the detection voltage from the power detector A and the detection voltage from the power detector B are taken in, and the detection voltage when not attenuated by the power attenuator is obtained. A voltage converter for conversion, and the power controller is controlled by the power controller in accordance with a signal from the voltage converter to adjust and set the output of the power amplifier at all operating frequencies, and the power controller Record the set value in the radio controller,
During operation, the power attenuator, the terminator, and the power detector B are turned off, the power controller is set to the set value recorded in the radio controller, and the power adjuster is adjusted to adjust the power Power adjustment method characterized by automatically adjusting output power from an amplifier
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