JP5219674B2 - Screw press and its operating method - Google Patents

Screw press and its operating method Download PDF

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JP5219674B2
JP5219674B2 JP2008197283A JP2008197283A JP5219674B2 JP 5219674 B2 JP5219674 B2 JP 5219674B2 JP 2008197283 A JP2008197283 A JP 2008197283A JP 2008197283 A JP2008197283 A JP 2008197283A JP 5219674 B2 JP5219674 B2 JP 5219674B2
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back pressure
pressure plate
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discharge port
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JP2010029932A (en
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昌利 津田
史二 中嶋
陽介 岡▲崎▼
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クボタ環境サ−ビス株式会社
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/121—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/125—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Description

本発明は、下水汚泥、し尿、浄化槽汚泥および工業排水汚泥等の被圧搾物を圧搾して脱水するスクリュープレスおよびその運転方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a screw press that depressurizes and dehydrates an object to be squeezed such as sewage sludge, human waste, septic tank sludge, and industrial wastewater sludge, and an operation method thereof.

従来、この種のスクリュープレスとしては、例えば図１６に示すように、濾過筒６１内に回転自在なスクリュー軸６２が設けられ、スクリュー軸６２の外周に、供給口７１から濾過筒６１内へ供給された被圧搾物を排出口６３へ送る螺旋状のスクリュー羽根６４が設けられている。   Conventionally, as this type of screw press, for example, as shown in FIG. 16, a rotatable screw shaft 62 is provided in a filter cylinder 61, and the screw shaft 62 is supplied from the supply port 71 into the filter cylinder 61 on the outer periphery. A spiral screw blade 64 is provided to send the pressed object to the discharge port 63.

濾過筒６１の排出口６３において、被圧搾物の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口６３を開閉する背圧板６５が備えられている。また、スクリュー軸６２を回転駆動させる回転駆動装置６６と、背圧板６５を開閉方向Ｏ，Ｓに移動させる油圧シリンダ６７とが備えられている。   The discharge port 63 of the filter cylinder 61 is provided with a back pressure plate 65 that acts as a back pressure on the direction opposite to the feeding direction of the object to be compressed and opens and closes the discharge port 63. Further, a rotation driving device 66 for rotating the screw shaft 62 and a hydraulic cylinder 67 for moving the back pressure plate 65 in the opening / closing directions O and S are provided.

さらに、スクリュー軸６２は軸心方向Ａに前後移動可能であり、スクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに移動させる油圧シリンダ６８が設けられている。尚、回転駆動装置６６は軸心方向Ａに移動自在な可動台６９に設けられ、この可動台６９にはスクリュー軸６２を回転自在に保持する軸受装置７０が設けられている。   Further, the screw shaft 62 is movable back and forth in the axial direction A, and a hydraulic cylinder 68 for moving the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction A is provided. The rotational drive device 66 is provided on a movable base 69 that is movable in the axial direction A. The movable base 69 is provided with a bearing device 70 that rotatably holds the screw shaft 62.

これによると、脱水運転時、図１６（ａ）に示すように、回転駆動装置６６が駆動してスクリュー軸６２を回転し、油圧シリンダ６７が駆動して背圧板６５を所定の力で閉方向Ｓへ押圧する。供給口７１から濾過筒６１内へ供給された被圧搾物７２は、スクリュー軸６２と一体に回転するスクリュー羽根６４によって供給口７１側から排出口６３側へ送られながら圧搾されて脱水ケーキとなり、背圧板６５を開方向Ｏへ押圧しながら排出口６３（濾過筒６１の排出側端部）と背圧板６５との間から排出される。この際、背圧板６５は、油圧シリンダ６７によって作用する閉方向Ｓの押圧力と排出される被圧搾物によって作用する開方向Ｏの押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる（停止する）。   According to this, during the dehydrating operation, as shown in FIG. 16A, the rotational drive device 66 is driven to rotate the screw shaft 62, and the hydraulic cylinder 67 is driven to close the back pressure plate 65 with a predetermined force. Press to S. The to-be-squeezed object 72 supplied into the filter cylinder 61 from the supply port 71 is compressed while being sent from the supply port 71 side to the discharge port 63 side by a screw blade 64 that rotates integrally with the screw shaft 62, and becomes a dehydrated cake. While pressing the back pressure plate 65 in the opening direction O, the back pressure plate 65 is discharged from between the discharge port 63 (the discharge side end of the filter tube 61) and the back pressure plate 65. At this time, the back pressure plate 65 stays at a position where the pressing force in the closing direction S applied by the hydraulic cylinder 67 and the pressing force in the opening direction O applied by the discharged compressed material are balanced (stopped).

この状態で脱水運転がある程度の時間継続して行なわれると、濾過筒６１内の排出口６３の直前部分に、圧搾されて目標の含水率まで低下した被圧搾物７２から成る圧密帯（プラグゾーン）が形成される。このような圧密帯が形成されることによって、圧密帯よりも供給口７１側に位置する含水率の高い被圧搾物７２が目標の含水率まで圧搾される前に排出口６３から排出されてしまうのを防止することができる。これにより、供給口７１側から排出口６３側へ連続的に送られて来る被圧搾物７２は、圧密帯において、順次、目標含水率まで低下するため、安定した脱水運転が行なえる。   When the dehydration operation is continued for a certain period of time in this state, a compacted zone (plug zone) comprising the squeezed material 72 that has been squeezed and reduced to the target moisture content is provided immediately before the discharge port 63 in the filter cylinder 61. ) Is formed. By forming such a compaction band, the compressed object 72 having a higher moisture content located on the supply port 71 side than the compaction band is discharged from the discharge port 63 before being compressed to the target moisture content. Can be prevented. Thereby, since the to-be-squeezed object 72 sent continuously from the supply port 71 side to the discharge port 63 side falls to a target moisture content one by one in a compaction zone, the stable dehydration operation can be performed.

また、濾過筒６１内の排出口６３における被圧搾物７２の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下した場合、被圧搾物７２が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなる。この際、図１６（ｂ）に示すように、油圧シリンダ６８のピストンロッドを伸長させてスクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに前進させることにより、スクリュー軸６２と一体にスクリュー羽根６４が軸心方向Ａに前進し、被圧搾物７２が前記前進するスクリュー羽根６４に押されて強制的に排出口６３から排出される。これにより、被圧搾物７２が排出口６３に閉塞するのを防止することができる。   Moreover, when the moisture content of the to-be-compressed object 72 in the discharge port 63 in the filter cylinder 61 falls too much rather than the target moisture content, the to-be-compressed object 72 falls into a blockage state, and becomes difficult to be discharged | emitted. At this time, as shown in FIG. 16B, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 68 is extended to advance the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction A, so that the screw blades 64 are integrated with the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction. It advances to A and the to-be-compressed object 72 is pushed by the said screw blade | wing 64 which advances, and is discharged | emitted from the discharge port 63 forcibly. Thereby, it can prevent that the to-be-compressed material 72 obstruct | occludes in the discharge port 63. FIG.

その後、図１６（ａ）に示すように、油圧シリンダ６８のピストンロッドを短縮させてスクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに後進させることにより、スクリュー軸６２と一体にスクリュー羽根６４が軸心方向Ａに後進して元の位置に復帰する。   Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 16A, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 68 is shortened and the screw shaft 62 is moved backward in the axial direction A, whereby the screw blades 64 are integrated with the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction A. Go back to the original position.

前記のようにスクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに移動させる構成を有するスクリュープレスについては、例えば下記特許文献１に記載されている。
特許第３３７３４３２号 The screw press having the configuration for moving the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction A as described above is described in, for example, Patent Document 1 below.
Japanese Patent No. 3373432

前記の従来形式では、含水率が過剰に低下して被圧搾物７２が排出口６３に閉塞するのを防止するために、スクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに移動させて、被圧搾物７２を排出口６３から強制的に排出しているのであるが、スクリュー軸６２を軸心方向Ａに移動させるためには専用の油圧シリンダ６８や可動台６９等が必要となり、スクリュープレス６０の構成が複雑且つ大型化するといった問題がある。   In the conventional type, the screw shaft 62 is moved in the axial direction A in order to prevent the water content from being excessively reduced and the compressed material 72 from being blocked by the discharge port 63, and the compressed material 72 is moved to the axial direction A. Although it is forcibly discharged from the discharge port 63, in order to move the screw shaft 62 in the axial direction A, a dedicated hydraulic cylinder 68, a movable base 69, etc. are required, and the configuration of the screw press 60 is complicated. In addition, there is a problem of increasing the size.

本発明は、簡素な構造で、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することが可能なスクリュープレスおよびその運転方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the screw press which can prevent that a to-be-squeezed material obstruct | occludes by a discharge port with a simple structure, and its operating method.

前記目的を達成するために、本第１発明は、濾過筒内に正逆回転自在なスクリュー軸が設けられ、
スクリュー軸の外周に、濾過筒内へ供給された被圧搾物を排出口へ送るスクリュー羽根が設けられ、
濾過筒の排出口において、被圧搾物の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口を開閉する背圧板が備えられたスクリュープレスの運転方法であって、
背圧板を所定の力で閉方向へ押圧しながらスクリュー軸を正回転させて被圧搾物を濾過筒の排出口から排出させる通常運転工程と、
通常運転工程後に、背圧板を強制的に通常運転工程時の位置から開方向へ移動させて、濾過筒の排出口から被圧搾物を所定時間排出させる排出促進工程と、
排出促進工程後に、背圧板を閉方向へ移動させながらスクリュー軸を逆回転させる背圧板閉工程とを行い、
その後、背圧板閉工程から再び通常運転工程に戻るものである。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a screw shaft capable of rotating forward and backward is provided in a filter cylinder,
Screw blades are provided on the outer periphery of the screw shaft to send the object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder to the discharge port.
In the discharge port of the filter cylinder, it is a screw press operation method provided with a back pressure plate that acts as a back pressure on the direction opposite to the feed direction of the object to be compressed and opens and closes the discharge port,
A normal operation process in which the screw shaft is rotated forward while pressing the back pressure plate in a closing direction with a predetermined force, and the squeezed object is discharged from the outlet of the filter cylinder;
After the normal operation process, the back pressure plate is forcibly moved from the position at the time of the normal operation process in the opening direction, and the discharge promotion process for discharging the squeezed material from the discharge port of the filter cylinder for a predetermined time, and
After the discharge promotion process, a back pressure plate closing process is performed in which the screw shaft is rotated in the reverse direction while moving the back pressure plate in the closing direction .
Thereafter, the back pressure plate closing process returns to the normal operation process again .

これによると、通常運転工程において、スクリュー軸が正回転するとともに背圧板が所定の力で閉方向へ押圧される。濾過筒内に供給された被圧搾物は、スクリュー軸と一体に正回転するスクリュー羽根によって排出口側へ送られながら圧搾されて脱水ケーキとなり、背圧板を開方向へ押圧しながら排出口と背圧板との間から排出される。この際、背圧板は、閉方向への押圧力と排出される被圧搾物によって作用する開方向への押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる。   According to this, in the normal operation process, the screw shaft rotates forward and the back pressure plate is pressed in the closing direction with a predetermined force. The object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder is squeezed while being sent to the discharge port side by screw blades that rotate positively integrally with the screw shaft to form a dehydrated cake, and while pressing the back pressure plate in the opening direction, It is discharged from between the pressure plates. At this time, the back pressure plate remains in a position where the pressing force in the closing direction balances the pressing force in the opening direction that is acted on by the pressed object to be discharged.

この状態で通常運転工程がある程度の時間継続して行なわれると、濾過筒内の排出口の直前部分に、圧搾されて目標の含水率まで低下した被圧搾物から成る圧密帯（プラグゾーン）が形成される。このような圧密帯が形成されることによって、圧密帯よりも上流側（被圧搾物供給側）に位置する含水率の高い被圧搾物が目標の含水率まで圧搾される前に排出口から排出されてしまうのを防止することができる。これにより、排出口側へ連続的に送られて来る被圧搾物は、圧密帯において、順次、目標含水率まで低下するため、安定した脱水運転が行なえる。   In this state, when the normal operation process is continued for a certain period of time, a compacted zone (plug zone) made of a material to be squeezed and reduced to the target moisture content is immediately compressed at the portion immediately before the outlet in the filter cylinder. It is formed. By forming such a compacted zone, the material to be squeezed with a high water content located upstream (consolidated material supply side) of the compacted zone is discharged from the outlet before being compressed to the target moisture content. Can be prevented. Thereby, since the to-be-squeezed material continuously sent to the discharge port side falls to a target moisture content one by one in a consolidation zone, stable dehydration operation can be performed.

また、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下した場合、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換える。   In addition, if the moisture content of the object to be compressed in the vicinity of the discharge port in the filter cylinder is excessively lower than the target moisture content, the object to be compressed will not be discharged due to a closed state. Switch to the process.

これにより、背圧板が強制的に通常運転工程時の位置から開方向へ移動し、排出口と背圧板との間隔が前記通常運転工程時よりも拡大される。このため、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。尚、このとき、過剰に含水率が低下した圧密帯は一旦消滅して無くなる。   As a result, the back pressure plate is forcibly moved in the opening direction from the position during the normal operation process, and the interval between the discharge port and the back pressure plate is increased as compared with the normal operation process. For this reason, the to-be-compressed object is reliably discharged | emitted from between a discharge port and a back pressure plate, and it can prevent that a to-be-compressed object obstruct | occludes to a discharge port. At this time, the compacted band whose water content has decreased excessively disappears and disappears.

排出促進工程が開始されて所定時間が経過すると、排出促進工程から背圧板閉工程に切換える。これにより、背圧板が前記排出促進工程時における開位置よりも閉方向へ強制的に移動しながらスクリュー軸が逆回転し、スクリュー軸と一体に逆回転するスクリュー羽根によって、濾過筒内の被圧搾物が排出口側から上流側（供給側）へ僅かに戻され、排出口内の被圧搾物が、排出されずに、排出口内に引き留められる。   When a predetermined time elapses after the discharge promotion process is started, the discharge promotion process is switched to the back pressure plate closing process. As a result, the screw shaft is reversely rotated while the back pressure plate is forcibly moved in the closing direction from the open position at the time of the discharge promotion step, and the screw blade in the filter cylinder is reversely rotated integrally with the screw shaft. The thing is slightly returned from the discharge port side to the upstream side (supply side), and the object to be squeezed in the discharge port is not discharged but is retained in the discharge port.

これにより、背圧板は被圧搾物によって開方向へ押圧されることなく、背圧板が確実且つ円滑に閉方向へ移動して排出口を閉鎖するため、圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物は、そのまま排出口から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒内に引き留められる。   As a result, the back pressure plate is not pressed in the opening direction by the object to be squeezed, and the back pressure plate moves reliably and smoothly in the closing direction to close the discharge port, so that the moisture content is reduced until just before the compaction band is formed. The pressed object is retained in the filter cylinder without being discharged from the outlet as it is.

その後、背圧板閉工程から再び通常運転工程に切換える。これにより、スクリュー軸と一体にスクリュー羽根が正回転し、被圧搾物は、スクリュー羽根によって排出口側へ送られながら圧搾され、背圧板を開方向へ押圧しながら排出口と背圧板との間から排出される。この際、背圧板は、閉方向の押圧力と排出される被圧搾物によって作用する開方向の押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる。   Thereafter, the back pressure plate closing process is switched to the normal operation process again. As a result, the screw blades rotate forward integrally with the screw shaft, and the object to be squeezed is compressed while being sent to the discharge port side by the screw blades, while pressing the back pressure plate in the opening direction, between the discharge port and the back pressure plate. Discharged from. At this time, the back pressure plate remains at a position where the pressing force in the closing direction balances the pressing force in the opening direction that is acted on by the pressed object to be discharged.

前記のようなスクリュープレスの運転方法では、従来のようにスクリュー軸を軸心方向へ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸を軸心方向において固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   In the operation method of the screw press as described above, the material to be squeezed is blocked at the discharge port with a simple structure in which the screw shaft is fixed in the axial direction without moving the screw shaft in the axial direction as in the prior art. It is possible to prevent this.

さらに、前記背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物は、そのまま排出口から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒内に引き留められるため、その後の通常運転工程において、圧密帯が短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   Furthermore, in the back pressure plate closing process, the pressed object whose moisture content has been reduced until just before forming the compacted band is retained in the filter cylinder without being discharged from the outlet as it is. , The compaction zone is formed in a short time, and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

本第２発明におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法は、背圧板閉工程において、背圧板を閉方向へ移動させて所定の時間が経過すると、引き続き背圧板を閉方向へ移動させながらスクリュー軸を逆回転させるものである。 The screw press operating method according to the second aspect of the present invention is such that, in the back pressure plate closing process, when the back pressure plate is moved in the closing direction and a predetermined time has elapsed, the screw shaft is rotated in the reverse direction while the back pressure plate is continuously moved in the closing direction. Is.

これによると、排出促進工程から背圧板閉工程に切換えられると、先ず、背圧板が排出促進工程時における開位置よりも閉方向へ強制的に移動し、この状態で所定の時間が経過すると、引き続き背圧板が閉方向へ移動しながらスクリュー軸が逆回転する。 According to this, when switching from the discharge promotion process to the back pressure plate closing process, first, the back pressure plate is forcibly moved in the closing direction from the open position at the time of the discharge promotion process, and when a predetermined time elapses in this state, The screw shaft rotates backward while the back pressure plate continues to move in the closing direction.

本第３発明におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法は、濾過筒内の圧力が規定圧力より上昇すると、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うものである。 The operation method of the screw press according to the third aspect of the present invention is switched from the normal operation step to the discharge promotion step when the pressure in the filter cylinder rises above the specified pressure,
The back pressure plate closing process is performed after the discharge promotion process is performed for a predetermined time.

これによると、通常運転工程を行なって脱水している際、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下すると、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、濾過筒内の圧力が上昇する。このようなことから、濾過筒内の圧力が規定圧力より上昇した場合、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換えることにより、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。   According to this, when performing the normal operation process and dewatering, if the moisture content of the compressed material near the outlet in the filter cylinder is excessively lower than the target moisture content, the compressed material falls into a closed state. As a result, the pressure in the filter cylinder rises. For this reason, when the pressure in the filter cylinder rises above the specified pressure, the object to be squeezed is reliably discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate by switching from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process. It is possible to prevent the compressed product from being blocked at the discharge port.

本第４発明におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法は、スクリュー軸を回転させる電動機の駆動電流が規定電流より上昇すると、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うものである。 The operation method of the screw press according to the fourth aspect of the present invention switches from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process when the drive current of the electric motor that rotates the screw shaft rises above the specified current.
The back pressure plate closing process is performed after the discharge promotion process is performed for a predetermined time.

これによると、通常運転工程を行なって脱水している際、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下すると、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、電動機の負荷が増大し、駆動電流が上昇する。このようなことから、電動機の駆動電流が規定電流より上昇した場合、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換えることにより、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。   According to this, when performing the normal operation process and dewatering, if the moisture content of the compressed material near the outlet in the filter cylinder is excessively lower than the target moisture content, the compressed material falls into a closed state. As a result, the load on the electric motor increases and the drive current increases. For this reason, when the drive current of the electric motor rises above the specified current, the pressed object is surely discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate by switching from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process. It is possible to prevent an object from being blocked at the discharge port.

本第５発明におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法は、通常運転工程を一定時間行った後、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うものである。 The operation method of the screw press according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is to switch from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process after performing the normal operation process for a certain period of time.
The back pressure plate closing process is performed after the discharge promotion process is performed for a predetermined time.

これによると、性状が安定し変動が少ない被圧搾物については、試験や経験等に基づいて、通常運転工程を開始してから被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下して被圧搾物が排出され難くなるまでの閉塞状態発生時間を概ね特定することができる。したがって、前記閉塞状態発生時間に応じて前記一定時間を設定することで、通常運転工程を開始してから一定時間経過した後、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換えることにより、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。
本第６発明におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法は、背圧板閉工程において、目標の含水率の被圧搾物からなる圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物を、濾過筒内に引き留めるものである。 According to this, for the squeezed product with stable properties and little fluctuation, the moisture content of the squeezed product decreases excessively from the target moisture content after starting the normal operation process based on tests and experiences. Therefore, it is possible to generally specify the occurrence time of the closed state until the pressed object is hardly discharged. Therefore, by setting the predetermined time according to the occurrence time of the closed state, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the normal operation process, the pressed object is reliably obtained by switching from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process. It is discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate to prevent the object to be squeezed from being blocked by the discharge port.
In the operation method of the screw press according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the back pressure plate closing process, the object to be squeezed whose moisture content has decreased until just before forming the compacted band made of the object to be squeezed with the target moisture content is retained in the filter cylinder. Is.

本第７発明におけるスクリュープレスは、濾過筒内に正逆回転自在なスクリュー軸が設けられ、
スクリュー軸の外周に、濾過筒内へ供給された被圧搾物を排出口へ送るスクリュー羽根が設けられ、
濾過筒の排出口において、被圧搾物の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口を開閉する背圧板が備えられ、
スクリュー軸を回転駆動させる回転駆動装置と、背圧板を開閉方向に移動させる開閉装置と、回転駆動装置と開閉装置とを制御する制御装置とが備えられ、
制御装置は、背圧板が所定の力で閉方向へ押圧されるように開閉装置を制御するとともにスクリュー軸が正回転するように回転駆動装置を制御する第１の制御と、背圧板が強制的に開方向へ移動するように開閉装置を制御する第２の制御と、背圧板が閉方向へ移動するように開閉装置を制御し、この際に、スクリュー軸が逆回転するように回転駆動装置を制御する第３の制御とを行い、第１の制御から第２の制御に移行し、第２の制御を行った後に第３の制御を行い、第３の制御から再び第１の制御に戻すものである。 The screw press according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is provided with a screw shaft that can freely rotate in the forward and reverse directions in the filter cylinder.
Screw blades are provided on the outer periphery of the screw shaft to send the object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder to the discharge port.
In the discharge port of the filtration cylinder, a back pressure plate is provided that acts as a back pressure in the direction opposite to the feed direction of the squeezed object and opens and closes the discharge port,
A rotation driving device for rotating the screw shaft, an opening / closing device for moving the back pressure plate in the opening / closing direction, and a control device for controlling the rotation driving device and the opening / closing device;
The control device controls the opening / closing device so that the back pressure plate is pressed in the closing direction with a predetermined force, and controls the rotation drive device so that the screw shaft rotates forward, and the back pressure plate is forced A second control for controlling the opening / closing device to move in the opening direction, and the opening / closing device to control the opening / closing device so that the back pressure plate moves in the closing direction. There third row and a control for controlling, from the first control proceeds to a second control, after performing the second control performs the third control, again a first control from the third control It is something to return to.

これによると、運転開始時、制御装置は先ず第１の制御を行う。これにより、スクリュー軸が正回転するとともに、背圧板が所定の力で閉方向へ押圧され、通常運転工程が開始される。通常運転工程において、濾過筒内に供給された被圧搾物は、スクリュー軸と一体に正回転するスクリュー羽根によって排出口側へ送られながら圧搾されて脱水ケーキとなり、背圧板を開方向へ押圧しながら排出口と背圧板との間から排出される。この際、背圧板は、閉方向への押圧力と排出される被圧搾物によって作用する開方向への押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる。   According to this, at the start of operation, the control device first performs the first control. As a result, the screw shaft rotates in the forward direction, the back pressure plate is pressed in the closing direction with a predetermined force, and the normal operation process is started. In the normal operation process, the object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder is squeezed while being sent to the discharge port side by a screw blade that rotates positively integrally with the screw shaft to form a dehydrated cake, and presses the back pressure plate in the opening direction. However, it is discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate. At this time, the back pressure plate remains in a position where the pressing force in the closing direction balances the pressing force in the opening direction that is acted on by the pressed object to be discharged.

この状態で通常運転工程がある程度の時間継続して行なわれると、濾過筒内の排出口の直前部分に圧密帯が形成される。このような圧密帯が形成されることによって、圧密帯よりも上流側に位置する含水率の高い被圧搾物が目標の含水率まで圧搾される前に排出口から排出されてしまうのを防止することができる。これにより、排出口側へ連続的に送られて来る被圧搾物は、圧密帯において、順次、目標含水率まで低下するため、安定した脱水運転が行なえる。   When the normal operation process is continued for a certain period of time in this state, a compaction band is formed in the portion immediately before the discharge port in the filter cylinder. By forming such a compaction zone, the object to be squeezed with a high water content located upstream from the compaction zone is prevented from being discharged from the outlet before being compressed to the target moisture content. be able to. Thereby, since the to-be-squeezed material continuously sent to the discharge port side falls to a target moisture content one by one in a consolidation zone, stable dehydration operation can be performed.

また、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下した場合、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、制御装置は第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える。これにより、背圧板が強制的に前記通常運転工程時の位置から開方向へ移動して、排出促進工程が開始される。排出促進工程において、排出口と背圧板との間隔は前記第１の制御での通常運転工程時よりも拡大されるため、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。尚、このとき、過剰に含水率が低下した圧密帯は一旦消滅して無くなる。   In addition, when the moisture content of the object to be compressed in the vicinity of the discharge port in the filter cylinder is excessively lower than the target moisture content, the object to be compressed becomes difficult to be discharged due to a closed state. Switch from control to second control. As a result, the back pressure plate is forcibly moved in the opening direction from the position during the normal operation process, and the discharge promotion process is started. In the discharge promotion process, since the interval between the discharge port and the back pressure plate is expanded as compared with the normal operation step in the first control, the squeezed object is reliably discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate, It can prevent that the to-be-compressed object obstruct | occludes at a discharge port. At this time, the compacted band whose water content has decreased excessively disappears and disappears.

前記第２の制御が開始されて所定時間が経過すると、制御装置は第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換える。これにより、背圧板が前記排出促進工程時における開位置よりも閉方向へ強制的に移動しながらスクリュー軸が逆回転して、背圧板閉工程が開始される。背圧板閉工程において、スクリュー軸と一体にスクリュー羽根が逆回転し、これにより、濾過筒内の被圧搾物が排出口側から上流側（供給側）へ僅かに戻され、排出口内の被圧搾物が、排出されずに、排出口内に引き留められる。   When a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the second control, the control device switches from the second control to the third control. Thereby, the screw shaft rotates in the reverse direction while the back pressure plate is forcibly moved in the closing direction from the open position in the discharge promotion step, and the back pressure plate closing step is started. In the back pressure plate closing process, the screw blades rotate in reverse with the screw shaft, so that the material to be squeezed in the filter cylinder is slightly returned from the discharge port side to the upstream side (supply side), and the squeezed product in the discharge port Things are retained in the outlet without being discharged.

これにより、背圧板は被圧搾物によって開方向へ押圧されることなく、背圧板が確実且つ円滑に閉方向へ移動して排出口を閉鎖するため、圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物は、そのまま排出口から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒内に引き留められる。   As a result, the back pressure plate is not pressed in the opening direction by the object to be squeezed, and the back pressure plate moves reliably and smoothly in the closing direction to close the discharge port, so that the moisture content is reduced until just before the compaction band is formed. The pressed object is retained in the filter cylinder without being discharged from the outlet as it is.

その後、制御装置は第３の制御から再び第１の制御に切り換える。これにより、再び前記通常運転工程が開始され、スクリュー軸と一体にスクリュー羽根が正回転し、被圧搾物は、スクリュー羽根によって排出口側へ送られながら圧搾され、背圧板を開方向へ押圧しながら排出口と背圧板との間から排出される。この際、背圧板は、閉方向の押圧力と排出される被圧搾物によって作用する開方向の押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる。   Thereafter, the control device switches from the third control to the first control again. As a result, the normal operation process is started again, the screw blades rotate forward integrally with the screw shaft, and the object to be squeezed is squeezed while being sent to the discharge port side by the screw blades, pressing the back pressure plate in the opening direction. However, it is discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate. At this time, the back pressure plate remains at a position where the pressing force in the closing direction balances the pressing force in the opening direction that is acted on by the pressed object to be discharged.

前記のようなスクリュープレスの運転方法では、従来のようにスクリュー軸を軸心方向へ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸を軸心方向において固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   In the operation method of the screw press as described above, the material to be squeezed is blocked at the discharge port with a simple structure in which the screw shaft is fixed in the axial direction without moving the screw shaft in the axial direction as in the prior art. It is possible to prevent this.

さらに、前記第３の制御によって実行される背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物は、そのまま排出口から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒内に引き留められるため、その後、第１の制御によって実行される通常運転工程において、圧密帯が短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   Furthermore, in the back pressure plate closing step executed by the third control, the object to be squeezed whose moisture content has been reduced until immediately before forming the compacted band is retained in the filter cylinder without being discharged from the discharge port. Therefore, after that, in the normal operation process executed by the first control, the compaction zone is formed in a short time, and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

本第８発明におけるスクリュープレスは、濾過筒内の圧力を検出する圧力検出装置が設けられ、
制御装置は、圧力検出装置で検出される圧力が規定圧力より上昇すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えるものである。 The screw press in the eighth invention is provided with a pressure detection device for detecting the pressure in the filtration cylinder,
When the pressure detected by the pressure detection device rises above the specified pressure, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, performs the second control for a predetermined time, and then performs the second control to the third control. Switching to control.

これによると、制御装置が第１の制御を行うことにより、通常運転工程で脱水が実行される。この際、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下すると、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、濾過筒内の圧力が上昇する。このようなことから、濾過筒内の圧力が規定圧力より上昇した場合、制御装置が第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える。これにより、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に移行し、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。   According to this, dehydration is performed in the normal operation process by the control device performing the first control. At this time, if the moisture content of the object to be compressed in the vicinity of the discharge port in the filter cylinder is excessively lower than the target moisture content, the object to be compressed falls into a closed state and is difficult to be discharged. To rise. For this reason, when the pressure in the filter cylinder rises above the specified pressure, the control device switches from the first control to the second control. Thereby, it transfers to a discharge | emission acceleration | stimulation process from a normal driving | operation process, and to-be-compressed material can be reliably discharged | emitted from between a discharge port and a back pressure plate, and it can prevent that a to-be-compressed product obstruct | occludes to a discharge port.

本第９発明におけるスクリュープレスは、回転駆動装置は電動機からなり、
電動機の駆動電流を検出する電流計が設けられ、
制御装置は、電流計で検出される駆動電流が規定電流より上昇すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えるものである。 In the screw press according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the rotational drive device comprises an electric motor,
An ammeter that detects the drive current of the electric motor is provided,
When the drive current detected by the ammeter rises above the specified current, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, performs the second control for a predetermined time, and then performs the second control to the third control. Switching to control.

これによると、制御装置が第１の制御を行うことにより、通常運転工程で脱水が実行される。この際、濾過筒内の排出口付近における被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下すると、被圧搾物が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、電動機の負荷が増大し、駆動電流が上昇する。このようなことから、電動機の駆動電流が規定電流より上昇した場合、制御装置が第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える。これにより、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に移行し、被圧搾物は確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。   According to this, dehydration is performed in the normal operation process by the control device performing the first control. At this time, if the moisture content of the object to be compressed in the vicinity of the discharge port in the filter cylinder is excessively reduced below the target moisture content, the object to be compressed is difficult to be discharged due to a closed state, which increases the load on the motor. The drive current increases. For this reason, when the drive current of the electric motor rises above the specified current, the control device switches from the first control to the second control. Thereby, it transfers to a discharge | emission acceleration | stimulation process from a normal driving | operation process, and to-be-compressed material can be reliably discharged | emitted from between a discharge port and a back pressure plate, and it can prevent that a to-be-compressed product obstruct | occludes to a discharge port.

本第１０発明におけるスクリュープレスは、時間を検出するタイマーが設けられ、
制御装置は、タイマーで検出される時間が第１の制御を開始してから一定時間に達すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えるものである。 The screw press in the tenth invention is provided with a timer for detecting time,
When the time detected by the timer reaches a certain time after starting the first control, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, and after performing the second control for a predetermined time, The second control is switched to the third control.

これによると、性状が安定し変動が少ない被圧搾物については、試験や経験等に基づいて、第１の制御を開始してから被圧搾物の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下して被圧搾物が排出され難くなるまでの閉塞状態発生時間を概ね特定することができる。したがって、前記閉塞状態発生時間に応じて前記一定時間を設定することで、制御装置が第１の制御を開始してから一定時間経過した後に第１の制御から第２の制御に切換えることにより、被圧搾物が確実に排出口と背圧板との間から排出され、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することができる。
本第１１発明におけるスクリュープレスは、制御装置が第３の制御を行うことにより、目標の含水率の被圧搾物からなる圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物が、濾過筒内に引き留められるものである。 According to this, for the squeezed product with stable properties and little fluctuation, the moisture content of the squeezed product is excessively lower than the target moisture content after starting the first control based on tests and experiences. Thus, it is possible to generally specify the occurrence time of the closed state until the pressed object is hardly discharged. Therefore, by setting the certain time according to the blocking state occurrence time, by switching from the first control to the second control after a certain time has elapsed since the control device started the first control, It is possible to prevent the object to be compressed from being discharged from between the discharge port and the back pressure plate, and to block the object to be compressed from the discharge port.
In the screw press according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, when the control device performs the third control, the squeezed product whose moisture content has decreased until just before forming the compacted band made of the squeezed product having the target moisture content is the filter cylinder. It is to be kept inside.

以上のように、本発明によると、従来のようにスクリュー軸を軸心方向へ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸を軸心方向において固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物が排出口に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   As described above, according to the present invention, the object to be squeezed is blocked at the discharge port with a simple structure in which the screw shaft is fixed in the axial direction without moving the screw shaft in the axial direction as in the prior art. Can be prevented.

さらに、背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物は、そのまま排出口から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒内に引き留められるため、その後の通常運転工程において、圧密帯が短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   Furthermore, in the back pressure plate closing step, the pressed object whose water content has been reduced until just before forming the compacted band is retained in the filter cylinder without being discharged from the outlet as it is, and in the subsequent normal operation step The compacted band is formed in a short time, and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

以下、本発明における第１の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
図１〜図３に示すように、１１は下水汚泥、し尿、浄化槽汚泥および工業排水汚泥等の被圧搾物１０を圧搾して脱水するスクリュープレスであり、水平方向に配置された円筒状の濾過筒１２内に、正逆回転自在なスクリュー軸１３が同心状に挿入されている。濾過筒１２は多数の孔を有するパンチングメタル（又は多数のスリットを有するウェッジ等）からなり、濾過筒１２の一端部には、被圧搾物１０を濾過筒１２内へ供給する供給口１４が形成され、他端部には、脱水された被圧搾物１０を外部へ排出する排出口１５が形成されている。 Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, 11 is a screw press which squeezes and dewaters the object 10 to be squeezed, such as sewage sludge, human waste, septic tank sludge and industrial wastewater sludge, and is a cylindrical filter arranged in a horizontal direction. A screw shaft 13 that can freely rotate forward and backward is inserted concentrically into the tube 12. The filtration cylinder 12 is made of a punching metal having a large number of holes (or a wedge having a large number of slits, etc.), and a supply port 14 for supplying the material 10 to be compressed into the filtration cylinder 12 is formed at one end of the filtration cylinder 12. The other end is formed with a discharge port 15 for discharging the dewatered object 10 to the outside.

スクリュー軸１３は、一端供給側が小径で且つ他端排出側が大径となるテーパー状に形成されており、軸心方向Ａにおいて固定されている。スクリュー軸１３の外周には、供給口１４から濾過筒１２内へ供給された被圧搾物１０を排出口１５へ送る螺旋状のスクリュー羽根１６が設けられている。尚、径方向における濾過筒１２の内周面とスクリュー軸１３の外周面との間隔は他端排出側に向かうほど次第に縮小されている。   The screw shaft 13 is formed in a tapered shape having a small diameter on one end supply side and a large diameter on the other end discharge side, and is fixed in the axial direction A. A spiral screw blade 16 is provided on the outer periphery of the screw shaft 13 to send the object 10 to be squeezed supplied from the supply port 14 into the filter cylinder 12 to the discharge port 15. In addition, the space | interval of the inner peripheral surface of the filtration cylinder 12 in the radial direction and the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft 13 is gradually reduced toward the other end discharge side.

供給口１４には、被圧搾物１０を投入するためのホッパー１７が設けられている。また、スクリュー軸１３の前方には、スクリュー軸１３を回転駆動させる回転駆動装置１８が設けられている。回転駆動装置１８は、スクリュー軸１３に設けられた回転駆動軸１９と、電動機２０と、電動機２０の回転駆動力を減速して回転駆動軸１９に伝える減速装置２１とからなる。   The supply port 14 is provided with a hopper 17 for feeding the material 10 to be squeezed. In addition, a rotational drive device 18 that rotationally drives the screw shaft 13 is provided in front of the screw shaft 13. The rotation drive device 18 includes a rotation drive shaft 19 provided on the screw shaft 13, an electric motor 20, and a speed reduction device 21 that decelerates and transmits the rotation drive force of the electric motor 20 to the rotation drive shaft 19.

濾過筒１２の排出口１５の背後には、被圧搾物１０の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口１５を開閉する背圧板２２が備えられている。背圧板２２は排出口１５に対向するテーパー面を有し、背圧板２２が閉方向Ｓへ移動するほど、排出口１５の開口面積が減少し、背圧板２２が開方向Ｏへ移動するほど、排出口１５の開口面積が増加する。   Behind the discharge port 15 of the filter cylinder 12 is provided a back pressure plate 22 that acts as a back pressure on the direction opposite to the feeding direction of the compressed object 10 and opens and closes the discharge port 15. The back pressure plate 22 has a tapered surface facing the discharge port 15, the more the back pressure plate 22 moves in the closing direction S, the smaller the opening area of the discharge port 15, and the more the back pressure plate 22 moves in the opening direction O, The opening area of the discharge port 15 increases.

背圧板２２の背後には、背圧板２２を開閉方向Ｏ，Ｓに移動させる開閉装置２３が設けられている。開閉装置２３は、油圧シリンダ装置２４と、油タンク２５内の作動油を油圧シリンダ装置２４に供給する油圧ポンプ２６と、油圧シリンダ装置２４のピストンロッド２４ａの出退を切り換える電磁式の切換弁２７とを有している。尚、切換弁２７が一方の切換位置２７ａに切り換えられた場合、ピストンロッド２４ａが突出して背圧板２２を閉方向Ｓに移動させ、切換弁２７が他方の切換位置２７ｂに切り換えられた場合、ピストンロッド２４ａが退入して背圧板２２を開方向Ｏに移動させる。   An opening / closing device 23 that moves the back pressure plate 22 in the opening / closing directions O and S is provided behind the back pressure plate 22. The opening / closing device 23 includes a hydraulic cylinder device 24, a hydraulic pump 26 that supplies hydraulic oil in the oil tank 25 to the hydraulic cylinder device 24, and an electromagnetic switching valve 27 that switches the piston rod 24 a of the hydraulic cylinder device 24 to be withdrawn and retracted. And have. When the switching valve 27 is switched to one switching position 27a, the piston rod 24a protrudes to move the back pressure plate 22 in the closing direction S, and when the switching valve 27 is switched to the other switching position 27b, The rod 24a retracts and moves the back pressure plate 22 in the opening direction O.

濾過筒１２内の排出口１５側の端部（圧密帯形成部位）には、濾過筒１２内の圧力を検出する圧力検出装置２９が設けられている。また、スクリュープレス１１には、回転駆動装置１８の電動機２０と開閉装置２３の油圧ポンプ２６と切換弁２７とを制御して第１〜第３の制御を行なう制御装置３０が設けられている。   A pressure detection device 29 that detects the pressure in the filter cylinder 12 is provided at the end (consolidation zone forming portion) on the discharge port 15 side in the filter cylinder 12. In addition, the screw press 11 is provided with a control device 30 that controls the electric motor 20 of the rotary drive device 18, the hydraulic pump 26 of the opening / closing device 23, and the switching valve 27 to perform the first to third controls.

尚、第１の制御とは、背圧板２２が所定の力で閉方向Ｓへ押圧されるように切換弁２７を一方の切換位置２７ａに切り換えるとともに、スクリュー軸１３が正回転するように電動機２０を制御するものである。また、第２の制御とは、背圧板２２が強制的に開方向Ｏへ移動するように切換弁２７を他方の切換位置２７ｂに切り換えるものである。また、第３の制御とは、先ず、背圧板２２が強制的に閉方向Ｓへ移動するように切換弁２７を一方の切換位置２７ａに切り換え、さらに、所定の遅延時間だけ遅れて、スクリュー軸１３が逆回転するように電動機２０を制御するものである。尚、制御装置３０は時間を計測するタイマー３０ａを備えている。   In the first control, the switching valve 27 is switched to one switching position 27a so that the back pressure plate 22 is pressed in the closing direction S with a predetermined force, and the electric motor 20 is rotated so that the screw shaft 13 rotates forward. Is to control. The second control is to switch the switching valve 27 to the other switching position 27b so that the back pressure plate 22 is forced to move in the opening direction O. In the third control, first, the switching valve 27 is switched to one switching position 27a so that the back pressure plate 22 is forcibly moved in the closing direction S, and further, the screw shaft is delayed by a predetermined delay time. The electric motor 20 is controlled so that 13 reversely rotates. The control device 30 includes a timer 30a that measures time.

次に、前記スクリュープレス１１の運転方法について図４に示すフローチャートおよび図５に示すタイムチャートを参照して説明する。
運転開始時、制御装置３０は先ず第１の制御を行なう（ステップ−１）。これにより、スクリュー軸１３が正回転するとともに、切換弁２７が一方の切換位置２７ａに切り換えられて、油圧シリンダ装置２４のピストンロッド２４ａが突出し、背圧板２２が所定の力で閉方向Ｓへ押圧され、通常運転工程が開始される（ステップ−２）。 Next, an operation method of the screw press 11 will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG. 4 and a time chart shown in FIG.
At the start of operation, control device 30 first performs first control (step-1). As a result, the screw shaft 13 rotates forward, the switching valve 27 is switched to one switching position 27a, the piston rod 24a of the hydraulic cylinder device 24 protrudes, and the back pressure plate 22 is pressed in the closing direction S with a predetermined force. Then, the normal operation process is started (step-2).

そして、図１に示すように、ホッパー１７から濾過筒１２内に供給された被圧搾物１０は、スクリュー軸１３と一体に正回転するスクリュー羽根１６によって供給口１４側から排出口１５側へ送られながら圧搾されて脱水ケーキとなり、背圧板２２を開方向Ｏへ押圧しながら排出口１５（濾過筒１２の排出側端部）と背圧板２２との間から排出される。この際、背圧板２２は、油圧シリンダ装置２４によって作用する閉方向Ｓの押圧力と排出される被圧搾物１０によって作用する開方向Ｏの押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる（停止する）。また、濾過筒１２内の圧力は圧力検出装置２９によって検出される。   Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the object 10 to be squeezed supplied from the hopper 17 into the filter cylinder 12 is sent from the supply port 14 side to the discharge port 15 side by the screw blade 16 that rotates positively integrally with the screw shaft 13. While being pressed, it becomes a dehydrated cake and is discharged from between the discharge port 15 (the discharge side end of the filter tube 12) and the back pressure plate 22 while pressing the back pressure plate 22 in the opening direction O. At this time, the back pressure plate 22 remains in a position where the pressing force in the closing direction S applied by the hydraulic cylinder device 24 balances the pressing force in the opening direction O applied by the discharged compressed material 10 (stops). The pressure in the filter cylinder 12 is detected by the pressure detection device 29.

この状態で通常運転工程がある程度の時間継続して行なわれると、濾過筒１２内の排出口１５の直前部分に、圧搾されて目標の含水率まで低下した被圧搾物１０から成る圧密帯Ｂ（プラグゾーン）が形成される。このような圧密帯Ｂが形成されることによって、圧密帯Ｂよりも供給口１４側に位置する含水率の高い被圧搾物１０が目標の含水率まで圧搾される前に排出口１５から排出されてしまうのを防止することができる。これにより、供給口１４側から排出口１５側へ連続的に送られて来る被圧搾物１０は、圧密帯Ｂにおいて、順次、目標含水率まで低下するため、安定した脱水運転が行なえる。   When the normal operation process is continued for a certain period of time in this state, the compacted zone B (comprising the object 10 to be squeezed and reduced to the target moisture content is compressed immediately before the outlet 15 in the filter cylinder 12. Plug zone) is formed. By forming such a compaction band B, the object 10 having a higher moisture content located closer to the supply port 14 than the compaction band B is discharged from the discharge port 15 before being compressed to the target moisture content. Can be prevented. Thereby, since the to-be-squeezed object 10 sent continuously from the supply port 14 side to the discharge port 15 side falls to the target moisture content one by one in the compaction zone B, the stable dehydration operation can be performed.

また、濾過筒１２内の排出口１５における被圧搾物１０の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下した場合、被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、濾過筒１２内の圧力が上昇する。このようなことから、圧力検出装置２９によって検出される検出圧力が規定圧力（例えば、５００〜８００ｋＰａ）より上昇した場合（ステップ−３）、制御装置３０は、前記のように被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥っていると判断し、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える（ステップ−４）。   Moreover, when the moisture content of the to-be-compressed thing 10 in the discharge port 15 in the filtration cylinder 12 falls too much rather than a target moisture content, since the to-be-compressed object 10 falls into an obstruction | occlusion state and becomes difficult to discharge, the filtration cylinder 12 The pressure inside rises. For this reason, when the detected pressure detected by the pressure detection device 29 rises above a specified pressure (for example, 500 to 800 kPa) (step-3), the control device 30 determines that the object 10 to be compressed is as described above. It is determined that the vehicle is in the closed state, and the first control is switched to the second control (step-4).

これにより、切換弁２７が他方の切換位置２７ｂに切り換えられて、図６に示すように、油圧シリンダ装置２４のピストンロッド２４ａが退入し、背圧板２２が通常運転工程実施時における開位置から最大開位置（全開位置）まで開方向Ｏへ強制的に移動し、排出促進工程が開始される（ステップ−５）。排出促進工程時において、排出口１５と背圧板２２との間隔は前記通常運転工程時よりも拡大されているため、閉塞状態の被圧搾物１０は確実に排出口１５と背圧板２２との間から排出され、被圧搾物１０の閉塞状態が解消され、濾過筒１２内の圧力が低下する。尚、これにより、圧密帯Ｂは一旦消滅して無くなる。   Thereby, the switching valve 27 is switched to the other switching position 27b, the piston rod 24a of the hydraulic cylinder device 24 is retracted as shown in FIG. 6, and the back pressure plate 22 is moved from the open position when the normal operation process is performed. The discharge is forcibly moved to the maximum open position (full open position) in the opening direction O, and the discharge promotion process is started (step-5). In the discharge promotion process, the interval between the discharge port 15 and the back pressure plate 22 is larger than that in the normal operation process, so that the pressed object 10 in the closed state is reliably between the discharge port 15 and the back pressure plate 22. Is discharged, the closed state of the object to be compressed 10 is eliminated, and the pressure in the filter cylinder 12 is reduced. As a result, the compaction band B disappears once and disappears.

排出促進工程が開始されて所定時間（例えば１〜５秒間）が経過すると（ステップ−６）、制御装置３０は第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換える（ステップ−７）。これにより、先ず、切換弁２７が一方の切換位置２７ａに切り換えられて、油圧シリンダ装置２４のピストンロッド２４ａが突出し、図７に示すように、背圧板２２が排出促進工程時における開位置よりも閉方向Ｓへ強制的に移動し、背圧板閉工程が開始される（ステップ−８）。   When a predetermined time (for example, 1 to 5 seconds) elapses after the discharge promotion process is started (step-6), the control device 30 switches from the second control to the third control (step-7). Thereby, first, the switching valve 27 is switched to one switching position 27a, and the piston rod 24a of the hydraulic cylinder device 24 protrudes, and as shown in FIG. 7, the back pressure plate 22 is more than the open position in the discharge promotion process. Forcibly moving in the closing direction S, the back pressure plate closing process is started (step -8).

背圧板閉工程開始時から所定の遅延時間（例えば１〜５秒間）が経過すると（ステップ−９）、引き続き背圧板２２を閉方向Ｓへ移動させながらスクリュー軸１３を規定時間（例えば５〜２０秒間）だけ逆回転する（ステップ−１０）。これにより、背圧板２２が閉方向Ｓへ移動しながらスクリュー軸１３と一体にスクリュー羽根１６が逆回転し、前記逆回転するスクリュー羽根１６によって、濾過筒１２内の被圧搾物１０が排出口１５側から供給口１４側へ僅かに戻され、排出口１５内の被圧搾物１０が、排出されずに、排出口１５内に規定時間だけ引き留められる。   When a predetermined delay time (for example, 1 to 5 seconds) elapses from the start of the back pressure plate closing process (step-9), the screw shaft 13 is moved for a specified time (for example, 5 to 20) while the back pressure plate 22 is continuously moved in the closing direction S. Rotate backwards for (second) (step -10). As a result, the screw blade 16 reversely rotates integrally with the screw shaft 13 while the back pressure plate 22 moves in the closing direction S, and the pressed object 10 in the filter cylinder 12 is discharged into the discharge port 15 by the reversely rotating screw blade 16. The product 10 is slightly returned from the side to the supply port 14 side, and the squeezed object 10 in the discharge port 15 is retained in the discharge port 15 for a specified time without being discharged.

これにより、背圧板２２は被圧搾物１０によって開方向Ｏへ押圧されることなく、背圧板２２を確実且つ円滑に閉方向Ｓへ移動して排出口１５を閉鎖することができる。これにより、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められる。   As a result, the back pressure plate 22 can be reliably and smoothly moved in the closing direction S and the discharge port 15 can be closed without being pressed in the opening direction O by the pressed object 10. Thereby, the to-be-compressed object 10 in which the moisture content fell until just before forming the compacted belt | band | zone B is retained in the filter cylinder 12, without being discharged | emitted from the discharge port 15 as it is.

前記のようにスクリュー羽根１６を規定時間だけ逆回転した後（ステップ−１１）、制御装置３０は第３の制御から再び第１の制御に切り換える（ステップ−１）。これにより、再び通常運転工程が開始され（ステップ−２）、スクリュー軸１３と一体にスクリュー羽根１６が正回転し、図１に示すように、被圧搾物１０は、スクリュー羽根１６によって供給口１４側から排出口１５側へ送られながら圧搾され、背圧板２２を開方向Ｏへ押圧しながら排出口１５と背圧板２２との間から排出される。この際、背圧板２２は、油圧シリンダ装置２４によって作用する閉方向Ｓの押圧力と排出される被圧搾物１０によって作用する開方向Ｏの押圧力とがバランスする位置に留まる。   As described above, after the screw blade 16 is reversely rotated for a specified time (step-11), the control device 30 switches from the third control to the first control again (step-1). As a result, the normal operation process is started again (step-2), and the screw blade 16 rotates forward integrally with the screw shaft 13, and as shown in FIG. It is squeezed while being sent from the side to the discharge port 15 side, and discharged from between the discharge port 15 and the back pressure plate 22 while pressing the back pressure plate 22 in the opening direction O. At this time, the back pressure plate 22 remains in a position where the pressing force in the closing direction S applied by the hydraulic cylinder device 24 and the pressing force in the opening direction O applied by the pressed object 10 to be discharged are balanced.

前記のようなスクリュープレス１１の運転方法では、従来のようにスクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａへ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａにおいて固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物１０が排出口１５に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   In the operation method of the screw press 11 as described above, the object to be squeezed 10 has a simple structure in which the screw shaft 13 is fixed in the axial direction A without moving the screw shaft 13 in the axial direction A as in the prior art. Can be prevented from being blocked by the discharge port 15.

また、前記第３の制御によって実行される背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められるため、その後、第１の制御によって実行される通常運転工程において、圧密帯Ｂが短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   In addition, in the back pressure plate closing process executed by the third control, the object to be compressed 10 whose water content has decreased until just before the compaction band B is formed is not discharged from the discharge port 15 as it is. Therefore, in the normal operation process executed by the first control, the compaction zone B is formed in a short time and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

尚、図８のグラフは、通常運転工程における濾過筒１２内の排出口１５側の圧力と排出口１５から排出される脱水ケーキ（被圧搾物１０）の含水率との関係を示しており、圧力がＰ１〜Ｐ２（例えば、５００〜８００ｋＰａ）の範囲において圧密帯Ｂが正常に形成される。圧力検出装置２９が圧力Ｐ２（規定圧力に相当）より高い圧力を検出した場合、制御装置３０は、含水率が過剰に低下して被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥っていると判断し、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える。   In addition, the graph of FIG. 8 has shown the relationship between the pressure by the side of the discharge port 15 in the filter cylinder 12 in the normal driving | operation process, and the moisture content of the dewatering cake (to-be-pressed object 10) discharged | emitted from the discharge port 15, In the range where the pressure is P1 to P2 (for example, 500 to 800 kPa), the consolidation zone B is normally formed. When the pressure detection device 29 detects a pressure higher than the pressure P2 (corresponding to the specified pressure), the control device 30 determines that the water content is excessively reduced and the squeezed object 10 is in a closed state, Switch from the first control to the second control.

前記第１の実施の形態では、図１，図３に示すように、濾過筒１２内の圧力を圧力検出装置２９によって検出したが、以下に説明する第２の実施の形態では、図９，図１０に示すように、圧力検出装置２９の代わりに電流計３２を設け、電流計３２で電動機２０の駆動電流を検出している。   In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the pressure in the filter cylinder 12 is detected by the pressure detection device 29. However, in the second embodiment described below, FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, an ammeter 32 is provided instead of the pressure detection device 29, and the drive current of the electric motor 20 is detected by the ammeter 32.

すなわち、図１１に示すフローチャートおよび図１２に示すタイムチャートによると、通常運転工程を行なっているとき、濾過筒１２内の排出口１５の被圧搾物１０の含水率が目標の含水率よりも過剰に低下すると、被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるため、電動機２０の負荷が増大し、駆動電流が上昇する。このようなことから、電流計３２によって検出される駆動電流が規定電流（例えば電動機２０の定格電流の２０〜５０％の電流）より上昇した場合（ステップ−３）、制御装置３０は、前記のように被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥っていると判断し、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える（ステップ−４）。   That is, according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 and the time chart shown in FIG. 12, when the normal operation process is performed, the moisture content of the object 10 to be compressed at the outlet 15 in the filter cylinder 12 is more than the target moisture content. When the pressure decreases, the compressed object 10 falls into a closed state and becomes difficult to be discharged. Therefore, the load of the electric motor 20 increases and the drive current increases. For this reason, when the drive current detected by the ammeter 32 is higher than a specified current (for example, 20 to 50% of the rated current of the electric motor 20) (step -3), the control device 30 Thus, it determines that the to-be-compressed material 10 has fallen into the obstruction | occlusion state, and switches from 1st control to 2nd control (step -4).

これにより、排出促進工程が開始され（ステップ−５）、被圧搾物１０の閉塞状態が解消され、電動機２０の駆動電流が低下する。尚、この際、過剰に含水率が低下した圧密帯Ｂは一旦消滅してしまう。   Thereby, a discharge promotion process is started (step-5), the obstruction | occlusion state of the to-be-compressed article 10 is eliminated, and the drive current of the electric motor 20 falls. At this time, the compacted band B whose water content has decreased excessively disappears once.

排出促進工程が開始されて所定時間（例えば１〜５秒間）が経過すると（ステップ−６）、制御装置３０は第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換える（ステップ−７）。これにより、背圧板２２が排出促進工程時における開位置よりも閉方向Ｓへ強制的に移動し、背圧板閉工程が開始される（ステップ−８）。   When a predetermined time (for example, 1 to 5 seconds) elapses after the discharge promotion process is started (step-6), the control device 30 switches from the second control to the third control (step-7). As a result, the back pressure plate 22 is forcibly moved in the closing direction S from the open position during the discharge promoting step, and the back pressure plate closing step is started (step -8).

背圧板閉工程開始時から所定の遅延時間が経過すると（ステップ−９）、引き続き背圧板２２を閉方向Ｓへ移動させながらスクリュー軸１３を規定時間だけ逆回転する（ステップ−１０）。これにより、背圧板２２が閉方向Ｓへ移動しながらスクリュー軸１３と一体にスクリュー羽根１６が逆回転し、前記逆回転するスクリュー羽根１６によって、濾過筒１２内の被圧搾物１０が排出口１５側から供給口１４側へ僅かに戻され、排出口１５内の被圧搾物１０が、排出されずに、排出口１５内に規定時間だけ引き留められる。   When a predetermined delay time elapses from the start of the back pressure plate closing process (step-9), the screw shaft 13 is reversely rotated for a specified time while the back pressure plate 22 is continuously moved in the closing direction S (step -10). As a result, the screw blade 16 reversely rotates integrally with the screw shaft 13 while the back pressure plate 22 moves in the closing direction S, and the pressed object 10 in the filter cylinder 12 is discharged into the discharge port 15 by the reversely rotating screw blade 16. The product 10 is slightly returned from the side to the supply port 14 side, and the squeezed object 10 in the discharge port 15 is retained in the discharge port 15 for a specified time without being discharged.

これにより、背圧板２２を確実且つ円滑に閉方向Ｓへ移動して排出口１５を閉鎖することができ、このため、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められる。   Thereby, the back pressure plate 22 can be reliably and smoothly moved in the closing direction S and the discharge port 15 can be closed. Therefore, the squeezed product 10 whose water content has decreased until just before the compaction band B is formed, Without being discharged from the discharge port 15 as it is, it is retained in the filter tube 12.

前記のようにスクリュー羽根１６を規定時間（例えば５〜２０秒間）だけ逆回転した後（ステップ−１１）、制御装置３０は第３の制御から再び第１の制御に切り換え（ステップ−１）、これにより、再び通常運転工程が開始される（ステップ−２）。   As described above, after the screw blade 16 is reversely rotated for a specified time (for example, 5 to 20 seconds) (step-11), the control device 30 switches from the third control to the first control again (step-1). Thereby, the normal operation process is started again (step-2).

前記のようなスクリュープレス１１の運転方法では、従来のようにスクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａへ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａにおいて固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物１０が排出口１５に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   In the operation method of the screw press 11 as described above, the object to be squeezed 10 has a simple structure in which the screw shaft 13 is fixed in the axial direction A without moving the screw shaft 13 in the axial direction A as in the prior art. Can be prevented from being blocked by the discharge port 15.

また、前記第３の制御によって実行される背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められるため、その後、第１の制御によって実行される通常運転工程において、圧密帯Ｂが短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   In addition, in the back pressure plate closing process executed by the third control, the object to be compressed 10 whose water content has decreased until just before the compaction band B is formed is not discharged from the discharge port 15 as it is. Therefore, in the normal operation process executed by the first control, the compaction zone B is formed in a short time and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

尚、図１３のグラフは、通常運転工程における電動機２０の駆動電流と排出口１５から排出される脱水ケーキ（被圧搾物１０）の含水率との関係を示しており、駆動電流がＫ１〜Ｋ２（例えば電動機２０の定格電流の２０〜５０％の電流）の範囲において圧密帯Ｂが正常に形成される。電流計３２が駆動電流Ｋ２（規定電流に相当）より大きな電流を検出した場合、制御装置３０は、含水率が過剰に低下して被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥っていると判断し、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える。   The graph of FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the drive current of the electric motor 20 in the normal operation process and the moisture content of the dehydrated cake (the pressed product 10) discharged from the discharge port 15, and the drive current is K1 to K2. In the range of (for example, 20 to 50% of the rated current of the electric motor 20), the consolidation band B is normally formed. When the ammeter 32 detects a current larger than the drive current K2 (corresponding to the specified current), the control device 30 determines that the moisture content is excessively reduced and the squeezed object 10 is in a closed state, Switch from the first control to the second control.

前記第１および第２の実施の形態では、圧力検出装置２９によって検出される濾過筒１２内の圧力値又は電流計３２によって検出される電動機２０の駆動電流値を指標にして、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える制御を行なったが、以下に説明する第３の実施の形態では、圧力検出装置２９や電流計３２を用いず、制御装置３０に備えられているタイマー３０ａを利用し、時間を指標にして第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える制御を行なっている。   In the first and second embodiments, the first control is performed using the pressure value in the filter cylinder 12 detected by the pressure detection device 29 or the drive current value of the motor 20 detected by the ammeter 32 as an index. In the third embodiment described below, the timer 30a provided in the control device 30 is used without using the pressure detection device 29 or the ammeter 32. The control is switched from the first control to the second control using time as an index.

すなわち、図１４に示すフローチャートおよび図１５に示すタイムチャートによると、制御装置３０は、タイマー３０ａで検出される時間が第１の制御を開始した時から一定時間（例えば２〜４時間）に達すると（ステップ−３）、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換える（ステップ−４）。これにより、通常運転工程が一定時間行なわれ、その後、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切り換えられる（ステップ−５）。   That is, according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 and the time chart shown in FIG. 15, the control device 30 reaches a certain time (for example, 2 to 4 hours) from the time when the time detected by the timer 30 a starts the first control. Then (step-3), the first control is switched to the second control (step-4). As a result, the normal operation process is performed for a predetermined time, and then the normal operation process is switched to the discharge promotion process (step-5).

尚、性状が安定し変動が少ない被圧搾物１０については、試験や経験等に基づいて、通常運転工程を開始してから被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥って排出され難くなるまでの閉塞状態発生時間を概ね特定することができる。したがって、前記閉塞状態発生時間に応じて前記一定時間を設定することで、被圧搾物１０が閉塞状態に陥ったとき（又は閉塞状態に陥る直前）に、前記のように第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換えられて排出促進工程が開始され（ステップ−５）、被圧搾物１０の閉塞状態が解消される。尚、この際、過剰に含水率が低下した圧密帯Ｂは一旦消滅して無くなる。   In addition, about the to-be-compressed object 10 with a stable property and little fluctuation | variation, based on a test, experience, etc., after the normal operation process is started, the to-be-compressed object 10 falls into an obstruction | occlusion state and becomes difficult to be discharged | emitted. The generation time can be roughly specified. Therefore, by setting the certain time according to the occurrence time of the closed state, the first control is performed from the first control as described above when the squeezed object 10 enters the closed state (or immediately before the compressed object 10 enters the closed state). 2 is switched to the control of No. 2 to start the discharge promotion process (Step-5), and the blocked state of the object to be squeezed 10 is eliminated. At this time, the compacted band B whose water content has decreased excessively disappears and disappears.

排出促進工程が開始されてから所定時間（例えば１〜５秒間）が経過したことをタイマー３０ａが検出すると（ステップ−６）、制御装置３０は第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換え（ステップ−７）、これにより、背圧板閉工程が開始され（ステップ−８）、前記第１および第２の実施の形態と同様に、背圧板２２が閉方向Ｓへ強制的に移動しながら、スクリュー軸１３が規定時間だけ逆回転する（ステップ−９〜ステップ−１１）。これにより、背圧板２２を確実且つ円滑に閉方向Ｓへ移動して排出口１５を閉鎖することができ、このため、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められる。   When the timer 30a detects that a predetermined time (for example, 1 to 5 seconds) has elapsed since the start of the discharge promotion process (step -6), the control device 30 switches from the second control to the third control (step -7) Thereby, the back pressure plate closing process is started (step -8), and the back pressure plate 22 is forcibly moved in the closing direction S as in the first and second embodiments. The shaft 13 rotates reversely for a specified time (steps -9 to 11). Thereby, the back pressure plate 22 can be reliably and smoothly moved in the closing direction S and the discharge port 15 can be closed. Therefore, the squeezed product 10 whose water content has decreased until just before the compaction band B is formed, Without being discharged from the discharge port 15 as it is, it is retained in the filter tube 12.

前記のようにスクリュー羽根１６を規定時間（例えば５〜２０秒間）だけ逆回転した後（ステップ−１１）、制御装置３０は第３の制御から再び第１の制御に切り換え（ステップ−１）、これにより、再び通常運転工程が開始される（ステップ−２）。   As described above, after the screw blade 16 is reversely rotated for a specified time (for example, 5 to 20 seconds) (step-11), the control device 30 switches from the third control to the first control again (step-1). Thereby, the normal operation process is started again (step-2).

前記のようなスクリュープレス１１の運転方法では、従来のようにスクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａへ移動させることなく、スクリュー軸１３を軸心方向Ａにおいて固定した簡素な構造で、被圧搾物１０が排出口１５に閉塞するのを防止することが可能である。   In the operation method of the screw press 11 as described above, the object to be squeezed 10 has a simple structure in which the screw shaft 13 is fixed in the axial direction A without moving the screw shaft 13 in the axial direction A as in the prior art. Can be prevented from being blocked by the discharge port 15.

また、前記第３の制御によって実行される背圧板閉工程において、圧密帯Ｂを形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物１０は、そのまま排出口１５から排出されてしまうことなく、濾過筒１２内に引き留められるため、その後、第１の制御によって実行される通常運転工程において、圧密帯Ｂが短時間で形成され、脱水運転が安定する。   In addition, in the back pressure plate closing process executed by the third control, the object to be compressed 10 whose water content has decreased until just before the compaction band B is formed is not discharged from the discharge port 15 as it is. Therefore, in the normal operation process executed by the first control, the compaction zone B is formed in a short time and the dehydration operation is stabilized.

前記各実施の形態では、第１〜第３の制御を制御装置３０によって自動的に行なっているが、制御装置３０の代わりに、人が操作して行なってもよい。
前記各実施の形態では、図１，図９に示すように、スクリュー軸１３をテーパー状に形成し、径方向における濾過筒１２の内周面とスクリュー軸１３の外周面との間隔を他端排出側に向かうほど縮小しているが、スクリュー軸１３をテーパー状ではなくストレート状に形成し、スクリュー羽根１６のピッチを他端排出側に向かうほど縮小してもよい。 In each of the above-described embodiments, the first to third controls are automatically performed by the control device 30, but may be performed by a person instead of the control device 30.
In each of the embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the screw shaft 13 is formed in a taper shape, and the distance between the inner peripheral surface of the filter tube 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the screw shaft 13 in the radial direction is the other end. Although it is reduced as it goes to the discharge side, the screw shaft 13 may be formed in a straight shape instead of a taper shape, and the pitch of the screw blades 16 may be reduced toward the other end discharge side.

前記各実施の形態では、図５，図１２，図１５の各タイムチャートに示すように、背圧板閉工程において、先ず、背圧板２２を強制的に閉方向Ｓへ移動させ、この状態で所定の遅延時間が経過すると、引き続き背圧板２２を閉方向Ｓへ移動させながらスクリュー軸１３を逆回転させているが、前記所定の遅延時間を無くして、背圧板２２を強制的に閉方向Ｓへ移動させるのと同時にスクリュー軸１３を逆回転させてもよい。また、先ず、スクリュー軸１３を逆回転させ、この状態で所定の遅延時間が経過すると、引き続きスクリュー軸１３を逆回転させながら背圧板２２を強制的に閉方向Ｓへ移動させてもよい。   In each of the above embodiments, as shown in the time charts of FIGS. 5, 12, and 15, in the back pressure plate closing step, first, the back pressure plate 22 is forcibly moved in the closing direction S, and in this state, When the delay time elapses, the screw shaft 13 is rotated in the reverse direction while continuously moving the back pressure plate 22 in the closing direction S. However, the back pressure plate 22 is forcibly moved in the closing direction S without the predetermined delay time. The screw shaft 13 may be reversely rotated simultaneously with the movement. First, the screw shaft 13 is reversely rotated, and when a predetermined delay time elapses in this state, the back pressure plate 22 may be forcibly moved in the closing direction S while the screw shaft 13 is reversely rotated.

前記第１の実施の形態では、圧力検出装置２９によって検出される検出圧力が規定圧力より上昇すると、第２の制御に切り換えて排出促進工程を開始し、また、前記第２の実施の形態では、電流計３２によって検出される駆動電流が規定電流より上昇すると、第２の制御に切り換えて排出促進工程を開始しているが、これらに限定されるものではなく、例えば、排出口１５から排出される被圧搾物１０の含水率を測定し、測定された含水率が６５〜７５％以下に低下すると、第２の制御に切り換えて排出促進工程を開始してもよい。   In the first embodiment, when the detected pressure detected by the pressure detection device 29 rises above the specified pressure, the discharge promotion process is started by switching to the second control, and in the second embodiment, When the driving current detected by the ammeter 32 rises above the specified current, the discharge promotion process is started by switching to the second control. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, the discharge is discharged from the discharge port 15. When the moisture content of the pressed object 10 to be measured is measured and the measured moisture content falls to 65 to 75% or less, the discharge promotion process may be started by switching to the second control.

本発明の第１の実施の形態におけるスクリュープレスの図であり、通常運転工程を示す。It is a figure of the screw press in the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and shows a normal driving | operation process. 同、スクリュープレスの背圧板を移動させる開閉装置の図である。It is a figure of the opening / closing apparatus which moves the back pressure plate of a screw press. 同、スクリュープレスの制御系のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of a control system of the screw press. 同、スクリュープレスの運転方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the operating method of a screw press same as the above. 同、スクリュープレスの運転方法を示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the operating method of a screw press similarly. 同、スクリュープレスの図であり、排出促進工程を示す。It is a figure of a screw press and shows a discharge promotion process. 同、スクリュープレスの図であり、背圧板閉工程を示す。It is a figure of a screw press and shows a back pressure plate closing process. 同、スクリュープレスの濾過筒内の排出口側の圧力と脱水ケーキの含水率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the pressure by the side of the discharge port in the filter cylinder of a screw press, and the moisture content of a dewatering cake. 本発明の第２の実施の形態におけるスクリュープレスの図であり、通常運転工程を示す。It is a figure of the screw press in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and shows a normal driving | operation process. 同、スクリュープレスの制御系のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of a control system of the screw press. 同、スクリュープレスの運転方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the operating method of a screw press same as the above. 同、スクリュープレスの運転方法を示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the operating method of a screw press similarly. 同、スクリュープレスの電動機の駆動電流と脱水ケーキの含水率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the drive current of the electric motor of a screw press, and the moisture content of a dewatering cake. 本発明の第３の実施の形態におけるスクリュープレスの運転方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the operating method of the screw press in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 同、スクリュープレスの運転方法を示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the operating method of a screw press similarly. 従来のスクリュープレスの図である。It is a figure of the conventional screw press.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 被圧搾物
１１ スクリュープレス
１２ 濾過筒
１３ スクリュー軸
１５ 排出口
１６ スクリュー羽根
１８ 回転駆動装置
２０ 電動機
２２ 背圧板
２３ 開閉装置
２９ 圧力検出装置
３０ 制御装置
３０ａ タイマー
３２ 電流計
Ｏ 開方向
Ｓ 閉方向 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Compressed object 11 Screw press 12 Filter cylinder 13 Screw shaft 15 Discharge port 16 Screw blade 18 Rotation drive device 20 Electric motor 22 Back pressure plate 23 Opening and closing device 29 Pressure detection device 30 Control device 30a Timer 32 Ammeter O Opening direction S Closing direction

Claims (11)

濾過筒内に正逆回転自在なスクリュー軸が設けられ、
スクリュー軸の外周に、濾過筒内へ供給された被圧搾物を排出口へ送るスクリュー羽根が設けられ、
濾過筒の排出口において、被圧搾物の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口を開閉する背圧板が備えられたスクリュープレスの運転方法であって、
背圧板を所定の力で閉方向へ押圧しながらスクリュー軸を正回転させて被圧搾物を濾過筒の排出口から排出させる通常運転工程と、
通常運転工程後に、背圧板を強制的に通常運転工程時の位置から開方向へ移動させて、濾過筒の排出口から被圧搾物を所定時間排出させる排出促進工程と、
排出促進工程後に、背圧板を閉方向へ移動させながらスクリュー軸を逆回転させる背圧板閉工程とを行い、
その後、背圧板閉工程から再び通常運転工程に戻ることを特徴とするスクリュープレスの運転方法。 A screw shaft that can rotate forward and backward is provided in the filter cylinder,
Screw blades are provided on the outer periphery of the screw shaft to send the object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder to the discharge port.
In the discharge port of the filter cylinder, it is a screw press operation method provided with a back pressure plate that acts as a back pressure on the direction opposite to the feed direction of the object to be compressed and opens and closes the discharge port,
A normal operation process in which the screw shaft is rotated forward while pressing the back pressure plate in a closing direction with a predetermined force, and the squeezed object is discharged from the outlet of the filter cylinder;
After the normal operation process, the back pressure plate is forcibly moved from the position at the time of the normal operation process in the opening direction, and the discharge promotion process for discharging the squeezed material from the discharge port of the filter cylinder for a predetermined time, and
After the discharge promotion process, a back pressure plate closing process is performed in which the screw shaft is rotated in the reverse direction while moving the back pressure plate in the closing direction .
Then, the operating method of the screw press characterized by returning to the normal operation process again from the back pressure plate closing process . 背圧板閉工程において、背圧板を閉方向へ移動させて所定の時間が経過すると、引き続き背圧板を閉方向へ移動させながらスクリュー軸を逆回転させることを特徴とする請求項１記載のスクリュープレスの運転方法。 2. The screw press according to claim 1, wherein, in the back pressure plate closing step, when the back pressure plate is moved in the closing direction and a predetermined time elapses, the screw shaft is reversely rotated while the back pressure plate is continuously moved in the closing direction. Driving method. 濾過筒内の圧力が規定圧力より上昇すると、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載のスクリュープレスの運転方法。 When the pressure in the filter cylinder rises above the specified pressure, switch from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process,
The operating method of the screw press according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back pressure plate closing step is performed after the discharge promotion step is performed for a predetermined time. スクリュー軸を回転させる電動機の駆動電流が規定電流より上昇すると、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載のスクリュープレスの運転方法。 When the drive current of the motor that rotates the screw shaft rises above the specified current, switch from the normal operation process to the discharge promotion process,
The operating method of the screw press according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back pressure plate closing step is performed after the discharge promotion step is performed for a predetermined time. 通常運転工程を一定時間行った後、通常運転工程から排出促進工程に切換え、
排出促進工程を所定時間行なった後に背圧板閉工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載のスクリュープレスの運転方法。 After performing the normal operation process for a certain time, switch from the normal operation process to the emission promotion process,
The operating method of the screw press according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back pressure plate closing step is performed after the discharge promotion step is performed for a predetermined time. 背圧板閉工程において、目標の含水率の被圧搾物からなる圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物を、濾過筒内に引き留めることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載のスクリュープレスの運転方法。In the back pressure plate closing step, the object to be squeezed whose moisture content has decreased until just before forming a compacted band composed of the object to be squeezed with a target moisture content is retained in the filter cylinder. The operation method of the screw press of any one of these. 濾過筒内に正逆回転自在なスクリュー軸が設けられ、A screw shaft that can rotate forward and backward is provided in the filter cylinder,
スクリュー軸の外周に、濾過筒内へ供給された被圧搾物を排出口へ送るスクリュー羽根が設けられ、Screw blades are provided on the outer periphery of the screw shaft to send the object to be squeezed supplied into the filter cylinder to the discharge port.
濾過筒の排出口において、被圧搾物の送り方向とは逆方向の圧力を背圧として作用させ且つ排出口を開閉する背圧板が備えられ、In the discharge port of the filtration cylinder, a back pressure plate is provided that acts as a back pressure in the direction opposite to the feed direction of the squeezed object and opens and closes the discharge port,
スクリュー軸を回転駆動させる回転駆動装置と、背圧板を開閉方向に移動させる開閉装置と、回転駆動装置と開閉装置とを制御する制御装置とが備えられ、A rotation driving device for rotating the screw shaft, an opening / closing device for moving the back pressure plate in the opening / closing direction, and a control device for controlling the rotation driving device and the opening / closing device;
制御装置は、背圧板が所定の力で閉方向へ押圧されるように開閉装置を制御するとともにスクリュー軸が正回転するように回転駆動装置を制御する第１の制御と、背圧板が強制的に開方向へ移動するように開閉装置を制御する第２の制御と、背圧板が閉方向へ移動するように開閉装置を制御し、この際に、スクリュー軸が逆回転するように回転駆動装置を制御する第３の制御とを行い、第１の制御から第２の制御に移行し、第２の制御を行った後に第３の制御を行い、第３の制御から再び第１の制御に戻すことを特徴とするスクリュープレス。The control device controls the opening / closing device so that the back pressure plate is pressed in the closing direction with a predetermined force, and controls the rotation drive device so that the screw shaft rotates forward, and the back pressure plate is forced A second control for controlling the opening / closing device to move in the opening direction, and the opening / closing device to control the opening / closing device so that the back pressure plate moves in the closing direction. The third control is performed to control the control, the first control is shifted to the second control, the second control is performed, the third control is performed, and the third control is changed to the first control again. Screw press characterized by returning. 濾過筒内の圧力を検出する圧力検出装置が設けられ、A pressure detecting device for detecting the pressure in the filter cylinder is provided;
制御装置は、圧力検出装置で検出される圧力が規定圧力より上昇すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えることを特徴とする請求項７記載のスクリュープレス。When the pressure detected by the pressure detection device rises above the specified pressure, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, performs the second control for a predetermined time, and then performs the second control to the third control. The screw press according to claim 7, wherein the screw press is switched to control. 回転駆動装置は電動機からなり、The rotary drive device consists of an electric motor,
電動機の駆動電流を検出する電流計が設けられ、An ammeter that detects the drive current of the electric motor is provided,
制御装置は、電流計で検出される駆動電流が規定電流より上昇すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えることを特徴とする請求項７記載のスクリュープレス。When the drive current detected by the ammeter rises above the specified current, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, performs the second control for a predetermined time, and then performs the second control to the third control. The screw press according to claim 7, wherein the screw press is switched to control. 時間を検出するタイマーが設けられ、A timer to detect time is provided,
制御装置は、タイマーで検出される時間が第１の制御を開始してから一定時間に達すると、第１の制御から第２の制御に切り換え、第２の制御を所定時間行った後、第２の制御から第３の制御に切り換えることを特徴とする請求項７記載のスクリュープレス。When the time detected by the timer reaches a certain time after starting the first control, the control device switches from the first control to the second control, and after performing the second control for a predetermined time, The screw press according to claim 7, wherein the control is switched from the second control to the third control. 制御装置が第３の制御を行うことにより、目標の含水率の被圧搾物からなる圧密帯を形成する直前まで含水率が低下した被圧搾物が、濾過筒内に引き留められることを特徴とする請求項７から請求項１０のいずれか１項に記載のスクリュープレス。When the control device performs the third control, the squeezed product whose moisture content has decreased until just before forming the compacted band made of the squeezed product with the target moisture content is retained in the filter cylinder. The screw press according to any one of claims 7 to 10.
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