JP5155719B2 - Foam foaming equipment for fire fighting - Google Patents

Foam foaming equipment for fire fighting Download PDF

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JP5155719B2
JP5155719B2 JP2008100981A JP2008100981A JP5155719B2 JP 5155719 B2 JP5155719 B2 JP 5155719B2 JP 2008100981 A JP2008100981 A JP 2008100981A JP 2008100981 A JP2008100981 A JP 2008100981A JP 5155719 B2 JP5155719 B2 JP 5155719B2
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赤虹 廖
理弘 平岡
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Morita Holdings Corp
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本発明は、消火用泡の放射流量が減少しても、泡の発泡効率が低下しない消火用泡の発泡装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a foaming apparatus for fire extinguishing foam that does not reduce foam foaming efficiency even if the radiation flow rate of the fire extinguishing foam decreases.

従来から、石油タンクや化学工場等の火災の消火には、水が使用できないため、消火用泡による消火が行われている。この消火用泡を作り出す方法として、「自由混合型」と「高圧の予混合型」との２とおりの型が有る。「自由混合型」は、まず泡原液と水とを混合させて、一定の圧力の消火剤水溶液を作り、これを放射ノズルから放出する。ここで発泡に必要な空気は、放射ノズルから放出される消火剤水溶液の負圧を利用して、この放射ノズルに設けた開口孔から吸い込むアスピレータ・タイプと、放射ノズルから放出された消火剤水溶液が、空中を飛んでいく過程で周囲の空気を巻き込むノン・アスピレータ・タイプとの２種類がある。 Conventionally, since water cannot be used for extinguishing fires such as oil tanks and chemical factories, extinguishing is performed using fire extinguishing foam. There are two types of methods for creating the foam for fire extinguishing: “free mixing type” and “high pressure premixing type”. In the “free mixing type”, the foam stock solution and water are first mixed to form a fire extinguisher aqueous solution with a constant pressure, which is discharged from the radiation nozzle. Here, the air necessary for foaming uses the negative pressure of the extinguishing agent aqueous solution discharged from the radiating nozzle, and the aspirator type sucked from the opening hole provided in the radiating nozzle, and the extinguishing agent aqueous solution discharged from the radiating nozzle. However, there are two types, the non-aspirator type that involves the surrounding air in the process of flying through the air .

一方「高圧の予混合型」は、泡原液と水と空気とを、一定の圧力で混合させて発泡させ、この発泡させた消火用泡を放出ノズルから放出する。この「高圧の予混合型」は、上述した「自由混合型」と異なり、泡原液と水との混合比だけでなく、これらと空気との混合比も制御できること、攪拌機能を持った混合器等によって「自由混合型」より細かく均一な消火用泡を発生させることができること、さらに高圧で放出することによって高い運動エネルギを有する消火用泡が得られること等、多くの優れた特性を有している。   On the other hand, in the “high pressure premix type”, the foam stock solution, water and air are mixed and foamed at a constant pressure, and the foamed fire-extinguishing foam is discharged from the discharge nozzle. This "high-pressure premixing type" is different from the above-mentioned "free mixing type" in that it can control not only the mixing ratio of foam stock solution and water, but also the mixing ratio of these and air, and a mixer with a stirring function It is possible to generate a more uniform fire-extinguishing foam than “free-mixing type”, and to obtain a fire-extinguishing foam having high kinetic energy by discharging at a high pressure. ing.

ところで「高圧の予混合型」では、泡原液と水と空気とを混合する混合器を設け、この混合器において、絞り流路部、すなわち流路面積を小さくした部分を設けて流速を増大させ、これにより乱流を発生させて、液体である泡原液及び水と、気体である空気とを混合させて発泡させている。ここで「高圧の予混合型」では、混合器において、如何にして、消火用泡を細かく、かつ均一に発泡させるかが重要となる。この目的のため、本願出願者等は、既に、泡原液と水と空気とを混合させるときに、これらを同時に、かつ互いに直行するように導入すると共に、この混合液の吐出流路内に、突起部や小孔を設けた邪魔板を配置する混合器を提案した（特許文献１参照。）。また「高圧の予混合型」では、泡原液及び水の混合液と空気とを混合させる際に、混合させる両者の圧力が相違すると、消火用泡の発泡割合が変動する。すなわち発泡割合が高くなると、いわゆるドライな泡になり、発泡割合が低くなると、いわゆるウエットの泡となる。このため混合器に流入する両者の圧力が変動しても、消火用泡の発泡割合を目的の値に維持させるため、互いに平行に配置した２枚の板に挟まれた間隙に、泡原液及び水の混合液と、空気とを流入させて、両者を混合させる混合器が提案されている（例えば特許文献２参照。）。なお特許文献２には、２枚の板に挟まれた間隙を、手動で増減させて、消火用泡の混合割合である発泡割合を変化させる構成が記載されている。
：特願２００７−２５６４７５（明細書の１〜９頁、図１１等。） ：米国特許第６、２１７、００９号（１〜７頁、図２等。） By the way, in the “high pressure premix type”, a mixer for mixing the foam stock solution, water and air is provided, and in this mixer, a throttle channel part, that is, a part with a reduced channel area is provided to increase the flow velocity. Thus, a turbulent flow is generated, and the foam stock solution and water that are liquid are mixed with the air that is gas and foamed. Here, in the “high pressure premix type”, it is important how to make the fire-extinguishing foam finely and uniformly in the mixer. For this purpose, the applicants of the present application have already introduced the foam stock solution, water, and air at the same time and so as to be orthogonal to each other, and in the discharge flow path of the mixed solution, The mixer which arrange | positions the baffle plate which provided the projection part and the small hole was proposed (refer patent document 1). Further, in the “high pressure premixing type”, when the foam solution and the water mixture are mixed with air, the foaming ratio of the fire-extinguishing foam varies when the pressures of the mixing are different. That is, when the foaming ratio is high, so-called dry bubbles are formed, and when the foaming ratio is low, so-called wet foams are formed. For this reason, even if both pressures flowing into the mixer fluctuate, in order to maintain the foaming ratio of the fire-extinguishing foam at a target value, the foam stock solution and the foam stock solution are placed in a gap between two plates arranged in parallel to each other. There has been proposed a mixer in which a mixed liquid of water and air are introduced to mix both of them (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 describes a configuration in which a foaming ratio, which is a mixing ratio of fire-extinguishing foam, is changed by manually increasing or decreasing a gap between two plates.
: Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-256475 (pages 1 to 9 of the specification, FIG. 11, etc.) : US Pat. No. 6,217,009 (1-7 pages, FIG. 2 etc.)

しかしながら、上述した従来の手段には、さらに次の改良すべき課題ある。すなわち特許文献１に記載の手段では、消火用泡の放射流量が一定の設計値範囲内であれば、消火用泡を所定の発泡効率で発生させることが可能となる。しかるに火災の激しさや規模、消火位置までの距離や高さ、あるいは消火対象の構造等によっては、効果的な放射流量が相違する。このため消火対象によって、消火用泡の放射流量を増減することが必要となる。また水源の性質や水源からの距離等によっては、十分な水量を得ることが困難で、所望の消火用泡の放射流量を確保できない場合もある。   However, the conventional means described above has the following problems to be improved. That is, with the means described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to generate a fire-extinguishing foam with a predetermined foaming efficiency if the radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam is within a certain design value range. However, the effective radiation flow rate differs depending on the intensity and scale of the fire, the distance and height to the fire extinguishing position, or the structure of the fire extinguishing target. For this reason, it is necessary to increase or decrease the radiation flow rate of the foam for fire extinguishing depending on the fire extinguishing target. Depending on the nature of the water source, the distance from the water source, and the like, it may be difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of water, and the desired radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam may not be ensured.

ところが特許文献１に記載の手段では、混合器内の絞り流路部の流路面積が一定であるため、消火用泡の放射流量が減少すると、この絞り流路部における流速が減少し、十分な乱流を発生させることができなくなる。このため消火用泡の発泡効率が低下し、消火用泡の気泡サイズが大きくなって数が減少したり、流体との均一な混合が得られなくなったりする。したがって、火災を十分な消火用泡で覆って、効果的に消火することが困難となる。一方消火用泡の放射流量が過大になると、混合器内の絞り流路部における流速が過大になって、圧力損失が増大して放出ノズルの放射圧力が低下し、消火用泡の放射距離が減少する。   However, in the means described in Patent Document 1, since the flow passage area of the throttle passage portion in the mixer is constant, if the radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam is reduced, the flow velocity in the throttle passage portion is reduced and sufficient. Turbulent flow cannot be generated. For this reason, the foaming efficiency of the fire-extinguishing foam decreases, the bubble size of the fire-extinguishing foam increases, the number decreases, and uniform mixing with the fluid cannot be obtained. Therefore, it becomes difficult to cover the fire with sufficient fire-extinguishing foam and effectively extinguish it. On the other hand, if the radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam becomes excessive, the flow velocity in the throttle channel section in the mixer becomes excessive, the pressure loss increases, the radiation pressure of the discharge nozzle decreases, and the radiation distance of the fire-extinguishing foam decreases. Decrease.

一方特許文献２に記載の方法では、混合器に流入する泡原液及び水の混合液と、空気との流入圧力が互いに相違した場合に、消火用泡の発泡割合を目的の値に維持することができたとしても、放射流量自体が減少すれば、２枚の板で挟まれた間隙における流速は減少し、特許文献１に記載の混合器と同様に、消火用泡が十分発泡せず、発泡効率が低下してしまう。また消火用泡の放射流量が過大になると、圧力損失が増大する。なお上述したように、２枚の板に挟まれた間隙を手動で増減させることによって、この間隙における流速の変化を相殺することも考えられるが、一時を争う消火現場において、消火用泡の放射流量の増減に合わせて、迅速かつ適正に間隙を調整することは、極めて困難である。   On the other hand, in the method described in Patent Document 2, when the inflow pressures of the foam solution and water mixture flowing into the mixer and the air are different from each other, the foaming ratio of the fire-extinguishing foam is maintained at the target value. Even if the radiation flow rate itself is reduced, the flow rate in the gap between the two plates is reduced, and as with the mixer described in Patent Document 1, the fire-extinguishing foam does not sufficiently foam, Foaming efficiency is reduced. Moreover, when the radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam becomes excessive, the pressure loss increases. As described above, it is conceivable that the change in the flow velocity in the gap is canceled by manually increasing or decreasing the gap between the two plates. It is extremely difficult to adjust the gap quickly and appropriately according to the increase or decrease of the flow rate.

そこで本発明の目的は、放射流量が減少しても、消火用泡の発泡効率が低下しない消火用泡の発泡装置を提供することにある。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing foam foaming device in which the foaming efficiency of the fire extinguishing foam does not decrease even when the radiation flow rate is reduced.

上記課題を達成すべく、本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置の特徴は、泡原液、水、及び空気を含む混合流体が通過する絞り部の流路面積が、この混合流体の流量の増減に対応して、自動的に増減することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the foaming device for fire-fighting foam according to the present invention is characterized in that the flow passage area of the throttle portion through which the mixed fluid containing the foam stock solution, water, and air passes increases or decreases the flow rate of the mixed fluid. Correspondingly, it is characterized by automatically increasing or decreasing.

すなわち、本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置は、泡原液、水、及び空気を含む混合流体の流路内に絞り部を有し、この絞り部は、固定部と、この固定部の下流側に位置する可動部と、この可動部をこの固定部に向って付勢するばね部材とを備えている。上記固定部と可動部とは、相互に対向する対向面をそれぞれ有し、それぞれの上記対向面に挟まれた間隙は、上記混合流体が通過する絞り流路部を形成する。そして上記可動部は、上記混合流体の流量の増減に対応して、上記間隙を増減するように移動する。 That is, the foaming apparatus for fire extinguishing foam according to the present invention has a throttle part in the flow path of the mixed fluid containing the foam stock solution, water, and air, and the throttle part includes a fixed part and a downstream side of the fixed part. And a spring member that urges the movable part toward the fixed part. The fixed portion and the movable portion each have opposing surfaces facing each other, and a gap sandwiched between the opposing surfaces forms a throttle channel portion through which the mixed fluid passes . The movable portion moves so as to increase or decrease the gap in accordance with increase or decrease of the flow rate of the mixed fluid.

上記固定部の外周を、上記混合流体の流路の内壁に固定すると共に、上記可動部の外周を、この混合流体の流路の内壁に摺動自在に挿入する。そして上記対向面を、それぞれ上記混合流体の流路の軸方向と直交させて、上記固定部及び可動部に、上記流路の軸方向から見て相互にずれた位置に貫通孔をそれぞれ設けるように構成されている。 The outer periphery of the fixed part is fixed to the inner wall of the flow path of the mixed fluid, and the outer periphery of the movable part is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the flow path of the mixed fluid. Then, the opposing surfaces are respectively orthogonal to the axial direction of the flow path of the mixed fluid, and through holes are provided in the fixed part and the movable part at positions shifted from each other when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path. It is configured.

上記固定部の貫通孔を、この固定部の外周部に形成し、上記可動部の貫通孔を、この可動部の中心部に形成することが望ましい。この場合には、固定部の上流側面の中央部に、混合流体の圧力損失を低減するノーズコーンを設けることが好ましい。なお、上記可動部の下流に、上記混合流体を攪拌する攪拌部材を設けるようにしてもよい。 It is desirable that the through hole of the fixed part is formed in the outer peripheral part of the fixed part, and the through hole of the movable part is formed in the central part of the movable part. In this case, it is preferable to provide a nose cone for reducing the pressure loss of the mixed fluid in the central portion of the upstream side surface of the fixed portion. Incidentally, downstream of the movable part, but it may also be provided with a stirring member for stirring the mixed fluid.

ここで「泡原液」とは、水と空気とを加えて混合することによって、空気の気泡を発生させる物質を意味し、例えば合成界面活性剤、泡消火薬剤、水成膜泡消火薬剤、蛋白質消火薬剤、及びフッ素蛋白消火薬剤が該当する。「絞り部」とは、泡原液、水、及び空気を含む混合流体の流路内において、流路面積を小さくした構成を意味する。例えば、それぞれ開口孔を有する２枚の平板を、所定の間隔を隔てて、流れ方向に直交するように流路内に配置したもの、あるいは流路の直径を直角の段付き状に拡径して、この拡径した部分を、所定の間隔を隔てて、平板で覆うようにしたものが該当する。「固定部」とは、上記混合流体の流路内に固定された構成を意味し、例えば流路内に設けた平板であって、上記混合流体が通過する所定の開口部を設けたもの、又は流路の直径を直角の段付き状に拡大した部分の内壁が該当する。また「可動部」とは、上記混合流体の流路内において、流れ方向に移動自在な部材を意味し、例えば流路内に摺動可能に挿入した、円盤やピストン状の部材であって、上記混合流体が通過する所定の開口部を設けたものが該当する。 Here, the “foam stock solution” means a substance that generates air bubbles by adding and mixing water and air. For example, a synthetic surfactant, a foam fire extinguishing agent, a water film forming foam extinguishing agent, a protein Fire extinguishing agents and fluoroprotein extinguishing agents fall under this category. The “squeezing part” means a configuration in which the flow channel area is reduced in the flow channel of the mixed fluid containing the foam stock solution, water, and air. For example, the two flat plates having their respective openings, at predetermined intervals, those that have been placed in the flow path so as to be perpendicular to the flow direction, or the diameter of the passage at right angles stepped The diameter is expanded and the expanded part is covered with a flat plate at a predetermined interval. `` Fixed part '' means a structure fixed in the flow path of the mixed fluid, for example, a flat plate provided in the flow path, provided with a predetermined opening through which the mixed fluid passes, or the diameter of the flow passage inner wall of the enlarged portion stepped to the right angles are true. Further, the “movable part” means a member that can move in the flow direction in the flow path of the mixed fluid, for example, a disk or a piston-like member that is slidably inserted into the flow path, The thing provided with the predetermined opening part through which the said mixed fluid passes corresponds.

「ばね部材」とは、圧縮力を付勢する圧縮ばねの他、引っ張り力を付勢する引っ張りばねを意味し、ばね部材としては、例えばつる巻きばね、板ばね、ダイヤフラム、あるいは空気ばねが該当する。「相互に対向する対向面」には、平面同士が対向する場合の他、小径の流路から大径の流路に段付きに変化する部分において、この段付き部の円周縁と、この円周縁に対向する平面等が該当する。「絞り流路部」とは、上記絞り部において、流路面積が最小になる部分を意味する。 “Spring member” means a compression spring that urges a compression force, as well as a tension spring that urges a tension force. Examples of the spring member include a helical spring, a leaf spring, a diaphragm, and an air spring. To do. The "opposing surface opposed to each other", the other if the planar face each other, in a portion that varies stepped in the flow path of the large-diameter from the flow path of the small diameter, the circumferential edge of the stepped portion, the flat surface such as you face the circumferential edge corresponds. The “restricted flow path part” means a part where the flow path area is minimized in the above-mentioned reduced flow part.

「上記混合流体の流量の増減に対応して、上記間隙を増減するように移動する」とは、混合流体の流入量が増加すると、この流入量の増加に応じて、上記間隙が自動的に増加し、逆に流量が低下すると、この流量の低下に応じて、上記間隙が自動的に減少することを意味する。 “Move to increase or decrease the gap according to the increase or decrease of the flow rate of the mixed fluid” means that when the inflow amount of the mixed fluid increases, the gap automatically increases according to the increase of the inflow amount. increased, the flow rate conversely decreases, with a decrease of the flow rate, it means that the gap is automatically reduced.

「上記流路の軸方向から見て相互にずれた位置に貫通孔」とは、各貫通孔が当該軸方向から見て一部が重なる位置にあっても相互にずれた位置にあればよいことを意味する。また、ここで「絞り流路部の流路面積」とは、流体の流れ方向に直交する流体の断面積を意味する。例えば絞り流路部を、２枚の平板を所定の間隙を隔てて、混合流体の流路の軸方向に直交するように配置して構成し、混合流体を、上流側の平板の周辺に設けた開口から、この間隙内に流入させ、次いで下流側の平板の中央に設けた開口から流出させる場合には、「絞り流路部の流路面積」とは、２枚の平板で挟まれた間隙の幅と所定の直径とを有する円柱の、円周表面の面積を意味する。すなわちこの間隙内において、混合流体は、周辺から流入して、中心部に向って集合するため、この流れ方向に直交する流体の断面積とは、この間隙の幅を有する円柱の円周表面の面積になる。 “Through-holes at positions shifted from each other when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path” may mean that the through-holes may be at positions that are shifted from each other even if the through-holes are partially overlapped when viewed from the axial direction. it means that. Further, the “flow passage area of the throttle flow passage portion” here means a cross sectional area of the fluid orthogonal to the fluid flow direction. For example, the throttle channel section is configured by arranging two flat plates so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction of the flow path of the mixed fluid with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the mixed fluid is provided around the upstream flat plate. In the case of flowing into this gap from the opening and then flowing out from the opening provided in the center of the downstream flat plate, the “flow area of the throttle channel portion” is sandwiched between two flat plates. It means the area of the circumferential surface of a cylinder having a gap width and a predetermined diameter. That is, in this gap, the mixed fluid flows in from the periphery and gathers toward the center, so that the cross-sectional area of the fluid perpendicular to the flow direction is the circumference of the circular cylinder surface having the gap width. Become an area.

したがって、この場合の「絞り流路部の流路面積」は、直径が小さくなるに従って少なくなり、図式的には、下流側の平板の中央に設けた開口と、ほぼ同じ直径を有する円柱の円周表面の面積が、最少流路面積となる。 Therefore, in this case, the “flow passage area of the throttle passage portion” decreases as the diameter decreases, and is schematically shown as a circular circle of a cylinder having substantially the same diameter as the opening provided in the center of the downstream flat plate. the area of the peripheral surface, ing the minimum flow area.

「固定部の外周部に形成」とは、固定部の外周縁をきり欠いた場合の他、固定部の外周の内側に、この外周に沿って開口孔を設けた場合も含む。「可動部の中心部に形成」とは、可動部の中心付近に１の貫通孔を設ける場合の他、可動部の中心の周りに、比較的小さい複数の貫通孔を設ける場合も含む。「攪拌部材」とは、可動部から流出する発泡液の流れを急変させたり衝突させたりして、さらに発泡を促進する部材を意味し、例えば流路内壁に設けた多数のフィンや、流路内に挿入した小径の貫通孔を多数設けた平板等が該当する。   “Forming on the outer periphery of the fixed portion” includes not only the case where the outer peripheral edge of the fixed portion is cut out, but also the case where an opening hole is provided along the outer periphery of the outer periphery of the fixed portion. “Forming at the center of the movable part” includes not only providing one through hole near the center of the movable part but also providing a plurality of relatively small through holes around the center of the movable part. The “stirring member” means a member that suddenly changes or collides the flow of the foaming liquid flowing out from the movable part and further promotes foaming. For example, a large number of fins provided on the inner wall of the flow path or the flow path The flat plate etc. which provided many small-diameter through-holes inserted in this correspond.

次に本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置の作用について説明する。単に泡原液と水と空気とを混合しただけの場合には、液体である泡原液及び水と、気体である空気とは、十分に混合せず、気泡のサイズが大きくて数も少なく、また均一に混合しない。そこでこのような混合液を、流路面積を小さくした絞り流路部に通すと、流速が増加して乱流を生じさせ、気泡と液体との混合が促進されて、多数の微小な気泡となり、気泡のサイズや分布が均一となる。   Next, the operation of the fire-extinguishing foam foaming apparatus according to the present invention will be described. If the foam stock solution, water, and air are simply mixed, the liquid foam stock solution and water and the gas air are not mixed well, the bubble size is large and the number is small, and Do not mix evenly. Therefore, when such a liquid mixture is passed through the throttle channel section with a reduced channel area, the flow velocity increases and turbulence is generated, and the mixing of bubbles and liquid is promoted, resulting in a large number of minute bubbles. , Bubble size and distribution become uniform.

ところで泡原液と水と空気との混合流体が、固定部と可動部とに挟まれた間隙からなる、流路面積を小さくした絞り流路部に流入すると、この可動部の上流側面には押し込み圧力が掛かり、この可動部の下流側面には、噴射ノズルで開放される低圧が掛かる。このため可動部には、下流側に向って押す力が発生する。ここで泡原液と水と空気との混合流体の流量が増大すると、可動部の上流側面に掛かる押し込み圧力が増大し、逆に流量が減少すると、可動部の上流側面に掛かる押し込み圧力は低下する。   By the way, when the mixed fluid of the foam stock solution, water, and air flows into the narrowed flow passage portion having a small flow passage area formed by a gap sandwiched between the fixed portion and the movable portion, it is pushed into the upstream side surface of the movable portion. Pressure is applied, and a low pressure released by the injection nozzle is applied to the downstream side surface of the movable portion. For this reason, the force which pushes toward a downstream side generate | occur | produces in a movable part. Here, when the flow rate of the mixed liquid of foam stock solution, water, and air increases, the pushing pressure applied to the upstream side surface of the movable part increases. Conversely, when the flow rate decreases, the pushing pressure applied to the upstream side surface of the movable part decreases. .

そこで可動部を、固定部に向って付勢するばね部材で支持すると、混合流体の流量が減少した場合には、可動部の上流側面に掛かる押し込み圧力が低下するため、このばね部材の付勢力によって、この可動部が上流側に移動し、固定部との間の間隙が狭くなる。このため混合流体の流量が減少して、絞り流路部における流速が低下する分を、この絞り流路部の間隙が狭くなることによって相殺することができる。逆に混合流体の流量が増加した場合には、押し込み圧力も増加するために、この可動部が下流側に移動して、固定部との間の間隙が広くなる。このため混合流体の流量が増加して、絞り流路部における流速が増加する分を、この絞り流路部の間隙が広くなることによって相殺することができる   Therefore, if the movable part is supported by a spring member that urges toward the fixed part, when the flow rate of the mixed fluid decreases, the pushing pressure applied to the upstream side surface of the movable part decreases. By this, this movable part moves to an upstream side, and the gap | interval between fixed parts becomes narrow. For this reason, the flow rate of the mixed fluid is reduced, and the flow rate in the throttle channel portion is reduced by the narrowing of the gap of the throttle channel portion. On the other hand, when the flow rate of the mixed fluid increases, the pushing pressure also increases, so that the movable portion moves downstream and the gap between the fixed portion and the fixed portion widens. For this reason, the increase in the flow rate of the mixed fluid and the increase in the flow velocity in the throttle channel portion can be offset by the wide gap in the throttle channel portion.

したがって混合流体の流量が増減しても、この流量の増減によって、固定部と可動部との間の間隙が自動的に増減するため、絞り流路部の流速は変動しない。   Therefore, even if the flow rate of the mixed fluid increases or decreases, the gap between the fixed portion and the movable portion automatically increases or decreases as the flow rate increases or decreases, so that the flow velocity of the throttle channel portion does not change.

混合流体の流量が増減しても、この流量の増減によって、固定部と可動部との間の間隙が自動的に増減して、絞り流路部の流路面積を増減させることができる。したがって混合流体の流量が減少した場合には、絞り流路部における流速の低下を抑え、これによって発泡効率の低下防止することができ、微細で均一な消火用泡の発泡が維持できる。逆に混合流体の流量が過大になった場合には、絞り流路部における流速の増加を抑え、この絞り流路部において過大な圧力損失が発生しないようにして、放射ノズルの放射圧力が低下することを防止できる。   Even if the flow rate of the mixed fluid is increased or decreased, the gap between the fixed portion and the movable portion is automatically increased or decreased by the increase or decrease of the flow rate, so that the flow channel area of the throttle flow channel portion can be increased or decreased. Therefore, when the flow rate of the mixed fluid is reduced, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the flow velocity in the throttle channel portion, thereby preventing the foaming efficiency from being lowered, and to maintain fine and uniform foaming of the fire-extinguishing foam. Conversely, if the flow rate of the mixed fluid becomes excessive, the increase in the flow velocity in the throttle channel part is suppressed, and excessive pressure loss does not occur in this throttle channel part, and the radiation pressure of the radiation nozzle decreases. Can be prevented.

固定部と可動部との対向面を、それぞれ混合流体の流路の軸方向と直交するように配置して、この固定部と可動部とに、上記流路の軸方向から見て相互に重ならない貫通孔をそれぞれ設けることによって、混合流体の流れの方向を急激に転向させることが可能となり、これによって、絞り流路部内において、より強い乱流を発生させて、発泡効率を向上させることができる。   The opposing surfaces of the fixed part and the movable part are respectively arranged so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction of the flow path of the mixed fluid, and the fixed part and the movable part overlap each other when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path. By providing each through-hole that does not become necessary, it becomes possible to rapidly change the direction of the flow of the mixed fluid, thereby generating a stronger turbulent flow in the throttle channel part and improving the foaming efficiency. it can.

固定部の貫通孔を、この固定部の外周部に形成し、可動部の貫通孔を、この可動部の中心部に形成することによって、絞り流路部内において、混合流体を固定部の外周部から可動部の中心部に向って集合するようにして、混合流体の流れを相互に衝突させる状態にすることができる。したがって絞り流路部において、より強い乱流を発生させて、発泡効率を向上させることができる。   By forming the through hole of the fixed part in the outer peripheral part of the fixed part, and forming the through hole of the movable part in the central part of the movable part, the mixed fluid is transferred to the outer peripheral part of the fixed part in the throttle channel part. The flow of mixed fluids can collide with each other by gathering toward the center of the movable part. Therefore, a stronger turbulent flow can be generated in the throttle channel portion to improve the foaming efficiency.

また可動部の下流に、混合流体を攪拌する攪拌部材を設けることによって、発泡をより増強することができる。   Further, by providing a stirring member that stirs the mixed fluid downstream of the movable portion, foaming can be further enhanced.

図１〜図４を参照しつつ、本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置について説明する。図１に示すように、本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置は、泡原液、水、及び空気を含む混合流体Ａの流路１内に、絞り部２を有している。なお泡原液は、例えば合成界面活性剤であって、水に対するこの泡原液の容積濃度は、０．１〜３％、空気と泡水溶液との容積混合比は、３〜２０であって、絞り部２の上流側圧力は、０．４〜１．０ＭＰａである。絞り部２は、平板からなる固定部３と、この固定部の下流側に位置する円筒形状の可動部４とを備えている。 With reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, will be described foaming device extinguishing foam according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the foaming apparatus for fire extinguishing foam according to the present invention has a constricted portion 2 in a flow path 1 of a mixed fluid A containing a foam stock solution, water, and air. The foam stock solution is, for example, a synthetic surfactant, and the volume concentration of the foam stock solution with respect to water is 0.1 to 3%, and the volume mixing ratio of air and aqueous foam solution is 3 to 20, The upstream pressure of the part 2 is 0.4 to 1.0 MPa. The restricting portion 2 includes a fixed portion 3 made of a flat plate and a cylindrical movable portion 4 located on the downstream side of the fixed portion.

固定部３は、鉄合金製であって、流路１の内壁に固定されており、図３に示すように、外周内側に、貫通孔３２が開口している。なお固定部３の上流側面の中央部には、混合流体Ａの圧力損失を低減すべく、半球状のノーズコーン３３が設けてある。一方可動部４は、鉄合金製のピストン状の部材であって、流路１の内壁に摺動自在に挿入されており、中央部に円形の貫通孔４２が開口している。また可動部４の下流側面には、つる巻きばね５が当接しており、この可動部を、固定部３の方向に向かって付勢している。   The fixing portion 3 is made of an iron alloy, and is fixed to the inner wall of the flow path 1. As shown in FIG. 3, a through hole 32 is opened on the inner periphery of the outer periphery. A hemispherical nose cone 33 is provided at the center of the upstream side surface of the fixed portion 3 in order to reduce the pressure loss of the mixed fluid A. On the other hand, the movable part 4 is a piston-like member made of an iron alloy, and is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the flow path 1, and a circular through hole 42 is opened at the center. Further, a helical spring 5 is in contact with the downstream side surface of the movable part 4, and this movable part is urged toward the fixed part 3.

固定部３の下流側面と可動部４の上流側面とは、それぞれ流路１の軸方向に直交する対向面３１、４１を形成しており、両対向面に挟まれた間隙６が、流路面積が最も狭い、絞り流路部を形成している。なお可動部４の下流側には、流路１の内壁に、攪拌部材である矩形状のフィン７が、円周方向に複数個、かつ軸方向に２列配設してある。   The downstream side surface of the fixed portion 3 and the upstream side surface of the movable portion 4 form opposing surfaces 31 and 41 that are orthogonal to the axial direction of the flow channel 1, respectively. The narrowed flow path portion having the smallest area is formed. On the downstream side of the movable portion 4, a plurality of rectangular fins 7 serving as stirring members are arranged on the inner wall of the flow path 1 in the circumferential direction and in two rows in the axial direction.

次に図１と図２とを参照しつつ、消火用泡の発泡装置の作用について説明する。図１は、混合流体の流量が通常の場合を示しており、図２は、混合流体の流量が減少した場合を示している。まず図１から説明すると、混合流体Ａは、固定部３の上流から、この固定部の外周部に開口する貫通孔３２を介して間隙６内に流入する。間隙６内に流入した混合流体Ｂは、可動部４の中央部に開口する貫通孔４２に向って集中し、次いで、この貫通孔から下流側に流出する。 Next, the operation of the fire extinguishing foam foaming apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows a case where the flow rate of the mixed fluid is normal, and FIG. 2 shows a case where the flow rate of the mixed fluid decreases. First, referring to FIG. 1, the mixed fluid A flows into the gap 6 from the upstream of the fixed portion 3 through the through hole 32 opened to the outer peripheral portion of the fixed portion. The mixed fluid B that has flowed into the gap 6 is concentrated toward the through hole 42 that opens at the center of the movable portion 4, and then flows out from the through hole to the downstream side.

ここで間隙６内における流路面積は、固定部３の貫通孔３２の流路面積より小さく、かつ混合流体Ａの通常の流量において、十分に乱流が発生する流速になる面積に設定してある。ところで間隙６の幅は、この間隙に流入する混合流体Ａの押し込み圧力と、可動部４の下流側面に掛かる噴射ノズルの開放圧力とほぼ同等の水圧に、つる巻きばね５の付勢力を加えた力とが、バランスする位置となる。しかるに上述したように、間隙６内においては、流速が十分早く、流れの方向が、図１において水平−垂直−水平と急激に変化し、さらに固定部３の円周方向から可動部４の中央部に向って、相互に衝突するように流れるため、強力な乱流となり、微細で均一な消火用泡が発泡する。可動部４の貫通孔４２から流出した発泡流体Ｃは、その下流に位置する２列のフィン７によって攪拌され、さらに微細で均一な消火用泡を発泡させる。   Here, the flow path area in the gap 6 is set to an area that is smaller than the flow path area of the through hole 32 of the fixed portion 3 and is sufficiently high enough to generate a turbulent flow at the normal flow rate of the mixed fluid A. is there. By the way, the width of the gap 6 is obtained by adding the biasing force of the helical spring 5 to the pushing pressure of the mixed fluid A flowing into the gap and the water pressure substantially equal to the opening pressure of the injection nozzle applied to the downstream side surface of the movable portion 4. The force and the balance position. However, as described above, in the gap 6, the flow velocity is sufficiently high, the flow direction changes abruptly from horizontal to vertical to horizontal in FIG. 1, and the center of the movable portion 4 from the circumferential direction of the fixed portion 3. Since they flow toward each other so as to collide with each other, a strong turbulent flow is generated, and a fine and uniform fire-extinguishing foam is foamed. The foaming fluid C that has flowed out of the through hole 42 of the movable portion 4 is stirred by the two rows of fins 7 located downstream thereof, and further foams a fine and uniform fire-extinguishing foam.

図２に示すように、混合流体Ａの流量が減少した場合には、間隙６内に流入する流量も減少し、この間隙内への押込み圧力も減少する。このため、可動部４の上流側面に掛かる圧力は低下し、この可動部は、つる巻きばね５の付勢力に押されて、上流側に移動し、間隙６の幅を狭くする。したがって間隙６内に流入する流量が減少しても、この間隙が狭まることによって、この間隙内の流速の減少を相殺することができる。逆に混合流体Ａの流量が増加した場合には、間隙６内への押し込み圧力が増加して、この間隙の幅が拡がることによって、この間隙内の流速の増加を相殺することができる。   As shown in FIG. 2, when the flow rate of the mixed fluid A is reduced, the flow rate flowing into the gap 6 is also reduced, and the pushing pressure into the gap is also reduced. For this reason, the pressure applied to the upstream side surface of the movable part 4 decreases, and this movable part is pushed by the urging force of the helical spring 5 and moves upstream, thereby narrowing the width of the gap 6. Therefore, even if the flow rate flowing into the gap 6 is reduced, the gap is narrowed so that the decrease in the flow velocity in the gap can be offset. On the other hand, when the flow rate of the mixed fluid A increases, the pushing pressure into the gap 6 increases and the width of the gap increases, so that the increase in the flow velocity in the gap can be offset.

そこでつる巻きばね５の付勢力を、予め適切に設定しておくことによって、混合流体Ａの流量が増減しても、間隙６内の流速がほぼ一定になるようにすれば、混合流体Ａの流量が増減しても、常に一定の発泡効率を発揮させ、微細で均一な消火用泡を発泡させることができる。   Therefore, if the biasing force of the helical spring 5 is set appropriately in advance, even if the flow rate of the mixed fluid A is increased or decreased, the flow rate in the gap 6 can be made substantially constant. Even if the flow rate is increased or decreased, a constant foaming efficiency can always be exhibited, and a fine and uniform fire-extinguishing foam can be foamed.

図４は、図１〜図３に示す固定部３と可動部４とに設けた貫通孔３２、４２の形状と配置とを、他の形状と配置とに変更したものを示している。なお図１〜図３に示す部品や部位と同等のものは、参照の便宜等を図るため、図１〜図３に示す部品番号に、一律１００を加えた部品番号にしている。すなわち図４に示すように、固定部１０３には、３の円形の貫通孔１３２が、円周方向に等間隔に開口している。一方可動部１０４には、固定部１０３の３の貫通孔１３２の間と、中央部とに、４の円形の貫通孔１４２が開口している。なお図４に示すように、固定部１０３の３の貫通孔１３２と、可動部１０４の貫通孔１４２とは、流路１の軸方向から見て全て重なっていない。   FIG. 4 shows the shape and arrangement of the through holes 32 and 42 provided in the fixed portion 3 and the movable portion 4 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 changed to other shapes and arrangements. The parts and parts equivalent to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are given part numbers obtained by adding 100 to the part numbers shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 for convenience of reference. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, three circular through holes 132 are opened in the fixing portion 103 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, four circular through-holes 142 are opened in the movable portion 104 between the three through-holes 132 of the fixed portion 103 and in the central portion. As shown in FIG. 4, the three through holes 132 of the fixed portion 103 and the through holes 142 of the movable portion 104 do not all overlap when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path 1.

固定部１０３の３の貫通孔１３２から流入した混合流体は、可動部１０４の対向面に妨げられて、ほぼ直角に方向を変え、この可動部の開口孔１４２から流出するときに、再度ほぼ直角に方向を変える。よって固定部１０３と可動部１０４とに挟まれた間隙内において、強力な乱流域が発生し、微細で均一な消火用泡が発泡する。なお図４に示した実施の形態にかぎらず、貫通孔１３２と貫通孔１４２との一部分が、上記流路の軸方向から見て重なっていても、大部分が重なっていなければよい。   The mixed fluid that has flowed from the three through holes 132 of the fixed portion 103 is blocked by the opposing surface of the movable portion 104, changes its direction to a substantially right angle, and when it flows out of the opening hole 142 of this movable portion, it again becomes a substantially right angle. Change direction. Therefore, a strong turbulent region is generated in the gap between the fixed portion 103 and the movable portion 104, and fine and uniform fire-extinguishing bubbles are foamed. Note that, not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, even though a part of the through hole 132 and the through hole 142 overlap each other when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path, most of them do not have to overlap.

なお、ばね部材５は、可動部４等の下流側面を、固定部４、１０４の方向に押す、圧縮ばねになっているが、逆にこの可動部の上流側面を、この固定部の方向に引っ張る、引張りばねにすることも容易である。また図３に示す固定部３と可動部４との貫通孔３２、４２について、形状と配置とを互いに逆にすることも容易に構成できる。 The spring member 5 is a compression spring that pushes the downstream side surface of the movable portion 4 and the like in the direction of the fixed portions 4 and 104. Conversely, the upstream side surface of the movable portion is directed to the direction of the fixed portion. It is easy to make a tension spring. In addition, the through holes 32 and 42 of the fixed portion 3 and the movable portion 4 shown in FIG .

本発明による消火用泡の発泡装置は、消火用泡の放射流量が減少しても、泡の発泡効率が低下しないため、消防等に関する産業に広く利用可能である。   The foaming apparatus for fire-extinguishing foam according to the present invention can be widely used in industries related to firefighting and the like because foam foaming efficiency does not decrease even when the radiation flow rate of the fire-extinguishing foam decreases.

流量が通常の場合の横断面図である。It is a cross-sectional view when the flow rate is normal. 流量が減少した場合の横断面図である。It is a cross-sectional view when the flow rate decreases. 可動部の下流側から上流側方向に見た断面図である。It is sectional drawing seen from the downstream of the movable part to the upstream direction. 可動部の下流側から上流側方向に見た他の実施の形態の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of other embodiment seen from the downstream of the movable part to the upstream direction.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１、１０１ 流路
２ 絞り部
３、１０３ 固定部
３１、１３１ 対向面
３２、１３２ 貫通孔
３３ ノーズコーン
４、１０４ 可動部
４１ 対向面
４２、１４２ 貫通孔
５ つる巻きばね（ばね部材）
６ 間隙
７ フィン（攪拌部材） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,101 Flow path 2 Restriction part 3,103 Fixed part 31,131 Opposite surface 32,132 Through-hole 33 Nose cone 4,104 Movable part 41 Opposite surface 42,142 Through-hole 5 Helical spring (spring member)
6 Gap 7 Fin (stirring member)

Claims (3)

泡原液、水、及び空気を含む混合流体の流路内に絞り部を有し、
上記絞り部は、固定部と、この固定部の下流側に位置する可動部と、この可動部をこの固定部に向って付勢するばね部材とを備え、
上記固定部と可動部とは、相互に対向する対向面をそれぞれ有し、
それぞれの上記対向面に挟まれた間隙は、上記混合流体が通過する絞り流路部を形成し、
上記可動部は、上記混合流体の流量の増減に対応して、上記間隙を増減するように移動するようになっており、
上記固定部の外周は、上記混合流体の流路の内壁に固定され、
上記可動部の外周は、上記混合流体の流路の内壁に摺動自在に挿入され、
上記対向面は、それぞれ上記混合流体の流路の軸方向と直交し、
上記固定部及び可動部には、上記流路の軸方向から見て相互にずれた位置に貫通孔がそれぞれ設けてあることを特徴とする消火用泡の発泡装置。 Having a constricted portion in the flow path of the mixed fluid containing the foam stock solution, water, and air;
The throttle portion includes a fixed portion, a movable portion located downstream of the fixed portion, and a spring member that urges the movable portion toward the fixed portion,
The fixed portion and the movable portion have opposing surfaces that face each other,
The gap between each of the facing surfaces forms a throttle channel section through which the mixed fluid passes ,
The movable part is adapted to move so as to increase or decrease the gap in response to an increase or decrease in the flow rate of the mixed fluid .
The outer periphery of the fixed part is fixed to the inner wall of the flow path of the mixed fluid,
The outer periphery of the movable part is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the mixed fluid flow path,
The opposed surfaces are orthogonal to the axial direction of the flow path of the mixed fluid,
A fire extinguishing foam foaming device, wherein the fixed part and the movable part are provided with through holes at positions shifted from each other when viewed from the axial direction of the flow path . 請求項１に記載の消火用泡の発泡装置において、
上記固定部の貫通孔は、この固定部の外周部に形成してあり、
上記可動部の貫通孔は、この可動部の中心部に形成してあることを特徴とする消火用泡の発泡装置。 The fire-extinguishing foam foaming device according to claim 1,
The through hole of the fixed part is formed on the outer peripheral part of the fixed part,
Through-hole of the movable portion, the foaming apparatus extinguishing foam characterized tare Rukoto formed in the center of the movable portion. 請求項２に記載の消火用泡の発泡装置において、
上記固定部の上流側面の中央部には、上記混合流体の圧力損失を低減するノーズコーンが設けてあることを特徴とする消火用泡の発泡装置。 In the foaming apparatus for fire-fighting foam according to claim 2 ,
A fire extinguishing foam foaming apparatus, characterized in that a nose cone for reducing pressure loss of the mixed fluid is provided at a central portion of the upstream side surface of the fixed portion.
JP2008100981A 2008-04-09 2008-04-09 Foam foaming equipment for fire fighting Active JP5155719B2 (en)

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JP2016203109A (en) * 2015-04-24 2016-12-08 株式会社アスプ Gas-containing liquid generating device and bubble generation mechanism
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