JP5154802B2 - Manufacturing method of molded product with groove - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of molded product with groove Download PDFInfo
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- JP5154802B2 JP5154802B2 JP2007000344A JP2007000344A JP5154802B2 JP 5154802 B2 JP5154802 B2 JP 5154802B2 JP 2007000344 A JP2007000344 A JP 2007000344A JP 2007000344 A JP2007000344 A JP 2007000344A JP 5154802 B2 JP5154802 B2 JP 5154802B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005271 boronizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220259718 rs34120878 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
- F16C29/005—Guide rails or tracks for a linear bearing, i.e. adapted for movement of a carriage or bearing body there along
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、特に軸受けなどの溝を有する成形品において溝部分の脱炭層を除去若しくは低減させる溝付き成形品の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a grooved molded product that removes or reduces a decarburized layer in a groove portion particularly in a molded product having a groove such as a bearing.
一般に軸受けはボールやロールが当接する溝の凹面で荷重を受けるため、硬度が要求される。しかしながら熱間圧延で得られる安価な金属素材１は熱間圧延時に表層の炭素が抜けて表層が脱炭層６となっており（図４（ａ）参照）、そのまま引抜きで溝３を成形した場合、脱炭層６のため、必要な硬度が得られない（図４（ｂ）参照）。因みに、通常熱間圧延で得られる鉄鋼素材の場合、脱炭層の深さは０．１〜１ｍｍ程度、通常は０．２〜０．５ｍｍ程度と言われていて、素材のメーカーよりそのスペックが提供され、それに基づき加工メーカーが対応することになる。 In general, since a bearing receives a load on a concave surface of a groove with which a ball or a roll contacts, hardness is required. However, the cheap metal material 1 obtained by hot rolling has a surface layer that has been decarburized layer 6 as a result of carbon removal from the surface layer during hot rolling (see FIG. 4 (a)). The necessary hardness cannot be obtained because of the decarburized layer 6 (see FIG. 4B). Incidentally, in the case of steel materials usually obtained by hot rolling, the depth of the decarburized layer is said to be about 0.1 to 1 mm, usually about 0.2 to 0.5 mm. It will be provided and the processing manufacturer will respond accordingly.
これを避けるためには前処理として金属素材の表層の脱炭層を炭素が富んだ状態に改質しておくか、除去することが考えられる。或いは脱炭層にそのまま溝を成形しておき、後処理で脱炭層を炭素が富んだ層に改質する処方が考えられる。 In order to avoid this, it is conceivable that the decarburized layer on the surface of the metal material is modified or removed as a pretreatment to a state rich in carbon. Alternatively, it is conceivable that a groove is formed as it is in the decarburized layer, and the decarburized layer is modified into a carbon-rich layer by post-processing.
事前の脱炭層の改質としては復炭、浸炭、表面窒化処理等があり、脱炭層の除去手法としてはピーリング、シカル等で素材の表層を切除して炭素が富んだ層を露出させる方法がある。後処理を行うには前処理と同様、復炭、浸炭、表面ボロン化処理等がある。しかしながらいずれも工程、装置が増えるためコスト高は避けられない。特に脱炭層の改質はいずれも大きな容量と長時間（復炭では２４時間）の処理が必要で、業界における既存の能力は限界に達しつつあり、製造処理能力の改善には短時間で対応可能な別途処方の出現が切望されている。 The reforming of the decarburized layer in advance includes coal recovery, carburizing, surface nitriding treatment, etc., and the decarburizing layer removal method includes a method in which the surface layer of the material is removed by peeling, scical, etc. to expose the layer rich in carbon is there. The post-treatment includes re-coalizing, carburizing, surface boronizing treatment, etc. as in the pre-treatment. However, the cost is unavoidable due to the increased number of processes and devices. In particular, reforming of the decarburized layer requires a large capacity and a long time (24 hours for coal recovery), and the existing capacity in the industry is reaching its limit. The emergence of possible separate prescriptions is eagerly desired.
また、軸受けの場合、脱炭層を除去し、炭素に富んだ高硬度が必要とされるのは溝の周辺であるが、上記の手法はいずれも素材の表面全体に及ぶもので、無駄でもあるのみならず、溝付近以外も含めて全体の脱炭層を改質すると、全体に硬くなり、切削や穴あけ等の加工性が悪くなる弊害もある。 Also, in the case of bearings, the decarburized layer is removed and the carbon-rich high hardness is required around the groove, but all of the above methods extend over the entire surface of the material and are wasteful. Not only that, but if the entire decarburized layer including the vicinity of the groove is modified, the entire structure is hardened, and there is a problem that workability such as cutting and drilling is deteriorated.
加えて、これらの改質の場合は、改質の浸透のバラツキにより、或いは脱炭層自体の分布のバラツキにより、脱炭層の改質が不十分になる部位が生じやすい。そのような場合は溝をボール溝に使用すると、脱炭層と改質層との間で表層剥離が生じやすく、製品の品質の精度が悪く、この点からも改善が望まれている。
本発明は、熱間で得られ、表面が脱炭層で覆われた素材で引抜き成形して軸受けのように溝を有する製品を得るに当り、容易かつ安価なコストで溝の周辺の硬度を確保できる溝付き成形品の製造方法を提供するものである。 The present invention secures the hardness around the groove at an easy and low cost in obtaining a product having a groove like a bearing by pultrusion molding with a material obtained by hot and having a surface covered with a decarburized layer. The manufacturing method of the molded product with a groove | channel which can be provided is provided.
本発明の主たる特徴は、第一に、圧延等の熱間成形で得られた金属素材を用い、製品２の溝３に対応する部位を引抜きにより膨出させ、次いでその膨出部分４を除去し、しかる後に引抜いて上記膨出部分４の除去跡５に溝３を形成することであり、第二に、その膨出部分４の除去を、引抜きにより行うようにしたことある。また、第三に、膨出部分４の除去を割愛し、膨出部分４が溝３になるように一気に引抜くようにしたことである。 The main feature of the present invention is that, first, a metal material obtained by hot forming such as rolling is used to bulge a portion corresponding to the groove 3 of the product 2 by drawing, and then the bulging portion 4 is removed. Then, after that, it is pulled out to form the groove 3 in the removal mark 5 of the bulging portion 4, and secondly, the bulging portion 4 is removed by drawing. Thirdly, the removal of the bulging portion 4 is omitted, and the bulging portion 4 is pulled out at a stroke so as to become the groove 3.
本発明にあっては上述のように、脱炭層６が膨出部分４の形成により膨出部分４の表層に移動することにより、炭素が富んだ層が膨出部分４の外皮に包まれた状態で部分的に持ち上げられることになり、この状態で膨出部分４を除去することにより、除去跡５に炭素が富んだ部分が露出することになり、この炭素が富んだ部位に溝３が形成される。したがって溝３の周辺は脱炭層６が無い、若しくは低減した状態に改質され、十分な硬度が確保できるのである。 In the present invention, as described above, the decarburized layer 6 moves to the surface layer of the bulged portion 4 by the formation of the bulged portion 4, so that the layer rich in carbon is wrapped in the outer skin of the bulged portion 4. When the bulging portion 4 is removed in this state, a portion rich in carbon is exposed in the removal trace 5, and the groove 3 is formed in the portion rich in carbon. It is formed. Accordingly, the periphery of the groove 3 is modified so that the decarburized layer 6 is not present or reduced, and sufficient hardness can be secured.
そしてこのことにより本発明は熱間圧延で得られた汎用の金属素材１表層に存在する脱炭層６のピーリングやシカルによる機械的な除去が不要であり、また成形前或いは後の浸炭や復炭も不要でありながら、溝３付近は脱炭層６が除去若しくは低減され、炭素に富んだ硬度の高い成形品をローコストで製造することができる。膨出部分４の除去も単に周辺と面一になるように研削或いは研磨等で容易にラフに行えるので、作業は容易である。そして現況では改質のように処理能力が最早限界に達している復炭や浸炭等長時間を要する処理による改質手法に代わる効率の良い方法が提供できたものである。 Thus, the present invention eliminates the need for peeling of the decarburized layer 6 present in the surface layer of the general-purpose metal material 1 obtained by hot rolling or mechanical removal by scical, and carburizing or re-coating before or after forming. However, the decarburized layer 6 is removed or reduced in the vicinity of the groove 3, and a molded product rich in carbon and having high hardness can be manufactured at low cost. Since the removal of the bulging portion 4 can be easily performed roughly by grinding or polishing so as to be flush with the periphery, the operation is easy. In the present situation, an efficient method can be provided in place of a reforming method using a process that requires a long time such as refurbishment or carburization, in which the processing capacity has reached its limit as in reformation.
また、脱炭層６を除去若しくは低減する改質が硬度を必要とされる部位のみに止められるので、他の部位は加工性が確保でき、また、得ようとする溝３のサイズに応じて膨出部分４のサイズを調整することにより、種々対応ができる。 Further, since the modification for removing or reducing the decarburized layer 6 can be stopped only at the portion where the hardness is required, the workability can be secured at the other portion, and the swelling is made according to the size of the groove 3 to be obtained. Various adjustments can be made by adjusting the size of the protruding portion 4.
一般的には金属素材１での脱炭層６の深さは細い素材では薄く、太い素材では厚くなり、また施す溝３も太い素材では大きくなる傾向があるから、膨出部分４のサイズもそれに連動して太い素材では大きくなる。したがって本発明では太い金属素材１に比較的大きなサイズの溝３を施す場合に脱炭層６の除去排除効果が顕著となる。 In general, the depth of the decarburized layer 6 in the metal material 1 is thin in a thin material, thick in a thick material, and the groove 3 to be applied tends to be large in a thick material. In conjunction with this, the thicker material becomes larger. Therefore, in the present invention, the removal and removal effect of the decarburized layer 6 becomes remarkable when the relatively large size groove 3 is formed on the thick metal material 1.
加えて、従来の事前或いは事後の脱炭層の改質の場合と異なり、溝付近での脱炭層が除去若しくは低減されるため、従来のような改質部位での表層剥離が生じることがなく、溝近辺の品質精度を安定させることができる。その膨出部分４の形成も、図１（ｂ）、図３（ｂ）のように溝３に対応する部分のみの局所的な膨らませであるので、膨出もその除去も局所的に限定される狭い範囲に留まるため、除去などの無駄も最低限度に抑えられ、また一般的には最も簡単な平削りで極めて簡単に除去できる。そして、膨出部分４の除去を引き抜きにより行う場合は、従来の削り等の除去による目減りが更に一層抑制されるもので、歩留まりの向上が期待できる。このことはサイズが大きいほど顕著となると考えられる。しかも膨出部分４の除去工程を割愛して一気に溝３まで引抜くようにすると、更に一層効率の向上を図ることができる。 In addition, unlike the case of reforming the conventional decarburized layer before or after the conventional method, the decarburized layer in the vicinity of the groove is removed or reduced. Quality accuracy near the groove can be stabilized. Since the formation of the bulging portion 4 is also a local bulging of only the portion corresponding to the groove 3 as shown in FIGS. 1B and 3B, the bulging and the removal thereof are locally limited. Therefore , waste such as removal can be minimized, and in general, it can be removed very easily by the simplest planing. And when removing the bulging part 4 by drawing, the loss by the removal of the conventional shaving etc. is suppressed further , and the improvement of a yield can be anticipated. This is considered to be more remarkable as the size increases. Moreover, if the removal process of the bulging portion 4 is omitted and the groove 3 is pulled out at once, the efficiency can be further improved.
以下本発明を添付図面に基づき詳細に説明する。図１は本発明の基本的な実施例を示すもので、上面左右及び両側面上部にベアリング用の溝３を有する製造ラインのレールを製品２とする場合を示す（図１（ｄ）参照）。サイズは幅が５６ｍｍ、高さが４０ｍｍ程度、長さが３〜７ｍの定尺である。金属素材１は６０×５０ｍｍの鉄鋼の熱間圧延角材を用いる。その表層の脱炭層６の厚さは０．２５±０．０５ｍｍ程度である（図１（ａ）参照）。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a basic embodiment of the present invention, and shows a case where a product line rail having a groove 3 for bearings on the left and right sides of the upper surface and on the upper sides of both sides is a product 2 (see FIG. 1 (d)). . The size is a standard with a width of 56 mm, a height of about 40 mm, and a length of 3 to 7 m. As the metal material 1, a hot rolled square bar of 60 × 50 mm steel is used. The thickness of the surface decarburized layer 6 is about 0.25 ± 0.05 mm (see FIG. 1A).
図２は本発明の工程の概略を示すもので、金属素材１は製品の溝３に対応する部位を溝３とは逆に膨らませて図１（ａ）のように膨出部分４を形成する。これは冷間引抜きにより行われるが、金属素材１は通常そのままでは硬度が大きく、ダイスを破損する惧れがある場合がある。そのような場合は金属素材１をダイスに通す前に必要に応じて６００から７５０℃程度に４〜８時間程度焼き鈍しをしてから引抜かれる。この引抜かれた状態では膨出部分４では脱炭層６は膨出部分４の盛り上がりに沿って移動している。膨出部分４のサイズは得ようとする溝３のサイズに対応して調節することができる。即ち、膨出部分４の盛り上がりと広がりを溝３に対してサイズを調整することにより、溝３付近の脱炭層６が除去若しくは低減されて炭素が富んだ層の深さ、広がりを調整できる。 FIG. 2 shows an outline of the process of the present invention. The metal material 1 bulges a portion corresponding to the groove 3 of the product in the opposite direction to the groove 3 to form a bulging portion 4 as shown in FIG. . This is performed by cold drawing, but the metal material 1 is usually hard as it is, and there is a possibility that the die is damaged. In such a case, the metal material 1 is annealed at about 600 to 750 ° C. for about 4 to 8 hours as necessary before passing through the die, and then drawn. In this pulled-out state, the decarburized layer 6 moves along the rise of the bulging portion 4 in the bulging portion 4. The size of the bulging portion 4 can be adjusted according to the size of the groove 3 to be obtained. That is, by adjusting the size of the bulge and expansion of the bulging portion 4 with respect to the groove 3, the decarburized layer 6 near the groove 3 is removed or reduced, and the depth and spread of the layer rich in carbon can be adjusted.
次いでこの膨出部分４を除去する。除去は切削、研磨、或いは引抜き成形で行うことができる。この除去により、図１（ｃ）のように膨出部分４の除去跡５は脱炭層６が除去若しくは低減されて炭素が富んだ層が表面に露出する。尚、膨出部分４の除去に際しては、必要に応じて予め加工を容易にするために熱処理を行なった後、除去処理を行うことができる。この熱処理は、素材の材質、サイズ、引き抜き溝の大きさ、形状等に応じて適宜設定するが、例えば、材質がＳ５５Ｃで、５０〜１００mm角材に幅が３．５mmの丸溝を引抜く場合は、金属素材１を６００〜７５０℃で４〜8時間（例えば熱炉通過）で予熱する。 Next, the bulging portion 4 is removed. Removal can be done by cutting, polishing, or pultrusion. By this removal, the decarburized layer 6 is removed or reduced in the removal mark 5 of the bulging portion 4 as shown in FIG. 1C, and a layer rich in carbon is exposed on the surface. When removing the bulging portion 4, it is possible to perform a removal process after performing a heat treatment in advance to facilitate processing as necessary. This heat treatment is appropriately set according to the material material, size, size and shape of the extraction groove, etc. For example, when the material is S55C and a round groove with a width of 3.5 mm is drawn on a 50-100 mm square material Preheats the metal material 1 at 600 to 750 ° C. for 4 to 8 hours (for example, passing through a heating furnace).
次いで除去跡５が露出した中間素材をダイスで引抜いて図１（ｄ）のように溝３を有する製品２を得る。７はベアリングの軸受け以外の凹所である。溝３の周辺は脱炭層６が除去若しくは低減され、炭素に富んだ状態になっている。この場合、膨出部分４を溝３に比して大きくすればするほど、溝３周辺はそれだけ炭素に富んだ硬質層が大きく確保される。尚、この引き抜きに際しても上記に準じた焼き鈍しが必要に応じて条件を設定して行われるが、その際、脱炭層が生じやすいので、できるだけ行わない方が好ましい。行う場合は窒素雰囲気や処理温度、時間等の設定に配慮が必要である。 Next, the intermediate material from which the removal marks 5 are exposed is pulled out with a die to obtain a product 2 having a groove 3 as shown in FIG. 7 is a recess other than the bearing of the bearing. The decarburized layer 6 is removed or reduced around the groove 3 and is in a state rich in carbon. In this case, as the bulging portion 4 is made larger than the groove 3, a larger hard layer rich in carbon is secured around the groove 3. It should be noted that even when this drawing is performed, annealing according to the above is performed by setting conditions as necessary. However, since decarburization layers are likely to occur at this time, it is preferable not to perform as much as possible. When performing, it is necessary to consider the setting of nitrogen atmosphere, processing temperature, time, and the like.
尚、膨出部分４の除去を冷間引抜き成形で行う場合は、膨出部分４付近を拡大した図３（ｂ）のように脱炭層６は膨出部分４の引抜き成形時に分散して他の部位より薄くなり、その状態で引抜きにより膨出部分４が平らになると同図（ｃ）のように脱炭層６は周辺に移動して除去跡５では脱炭層６が一層薄くなる。そしてこの平らになった除去跡５に溝３を引抜きにより形成すると、分散して薄くなった脱炭層６は溝３が引抜きにより凹む肉の流れにより一層分散が進んで更に薄くなり、図１（ｄ）と略同様の状態か、それに近い状態に改質されると推測される。またここで、図３（ｃ）への引抜きを省略して膨出部分４が溝３になるように一気に図（ｄ）の状態へ引抜いても構わない。 When the bulging portion 4 is removed by cold drawing, the decarburized layer 6 is dispersed at the time of drawing the bulging portion 4 as shown in FIG. When the bulging portion 4 is flattened by drawing in this state, the decarburized layer 6 moves to the periphery as shown in FIG. Then, when the groove 3 is formed in the removal trace 5 that has been flattened by drawing, the decarburized layer 6 that is thinned by dispersion is further dispersed by the flow of the meat that the groove 3 is recessed by drawing, and becomes thinner. It is presumed that the material is reformed to a state substantially similar to or close to that of d). In addition, here, the drawing to FIG. 3C may be omitted, and the drawing may be performed to the state of FIG.
この手法は切削、研磨等に比して溝３の周辺に脱炭層６が残りやすいので、素材のサイズに比して溝３のサイズが小さいものに好適である。 Since this method tends to leave the decarburized layer 6 around the groove 3 as compared with cutting, polishing, etc., it is suitable for the case where the size of the groove 3 is smaller than the size of the material.
また、上記は汎用の安価な金属素材１、例えば角材を出発材料とした例を示したが、予め膨出部分５を有する金属素材１を出発材料とすることもできる。この場合は、図１（ａ）は省略され、同図（ｂ）から開始され、以後は上記と同様となる。加工量が多い場合は金属素材１を素材メーカーに大量に発注するが、その際に膨出部分５が突出したものを出発材料とすることができるのである。 Moreover, although the above demonstrated the example which used the general-purpose cheap metal raw material 1, for example, a square, as the starting material, the metal raw material 1 which has the bulging part 5 previously can also be used as a starting material. In this case, FIG. 1 (a) is omitted, the process starts from FIG. 1 (b), and thereafter the same as described above. When the amount of processing is large, the metal material 1 is ordered in large quantities from the material manufacturer, and the material from which the bulging portion 5 protrudes can be used as the starting material.
その他、丸棒の金属素材に軸受け用の溝を加工したい場合、図５（ａ）のように表層全面を覆う脱炭層６の除去に当っては、従来は同図（ｂ）のように例えばシカル処理等で表面全体を薄く削り取り、全面の脱炭層を除去して目的の部位に同図（ｃ）のように溝３を引抜き成形で加工しているが、サイズの大きな丸棒を出発材料とする場合は、製品の溝とは無関係の大部分の削り取りは不要である。 In addition, when it is desired to process a groove for bearings in a metal material of a round bar, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5B, for removing the decarburized layer 6 covering the entire surface layer as shown in FIG. The entire surface is shaved thinly by scical treatment, etc., and the decarburized layer on the entire surface is removed, and the groove 3 is processed by drawing as shown in the figure (c). A large round bar is used as the starting material. In this case, most of the scraping that is not related to the groove of the product is unnecessary.
尚、金属素材１は熱間成形によるものが表層に脱炭層６をもつものが多く、適用の大部分を占めるが、熱間成形によらない金属素材１でも表層が脱炭層６で覆われているものであれば本発明（請求項１乃至３）を適用し、脱炭層６の除去、低減を行うことができる。 The metal material 1 is often formed by hot forming and has a decarburized layer 6 on the surface layer, which occupies most of the application. However, the surface layer of the metal material 1 not by hot forming is covered with the decarburized layer 6. If it exists, this invention (Claims 1 thru | or 3) can be applied, and the decarburization layer 6 can be removed and reduced.
このように本発明にあっては金属素材１を引抜きにより加工してベアリングなどの軸受けに用いられる溝３を有する製品２を成形するにあたり、溝３に対応する部分を膨出させておき、その膨出部分４を除去してからその除去跡５に対応して溝３を引抜いて成形するようにしたから、溝３周辺の脱炭層６の除去若しくは低減に当り、従来のような無駄な全面除去処理が不要であり、また現状では業界の処理能力が限界に達しようとしている成形前、或いは後の脱炭層の改質に頼る必要がなく、業界として引抜き成形の増産を図りうる。 In this way, in the present invention, when forming the product 2 having the groove 3 used for the bearing such as a bearing by processing the metal material 1 by drawing, a portion corresponding to the groove 3 is bulged, After removing the bulging portion 4, the groove 3 is drawn out and formed in correspondence with the removal mark 5, so that in the removal or reduction of the decarburized layer 6 around the groove 3, a wasteful entire surface as in the prior art is used. The removal process is unnecessary, and it is not necessary to rely on the modification of the decarburized layer before or after the molding, in which the processing capacity of the industry is reaching its limit, and the industry can increase the production of pultrusion molding.
また上記のように事前或いは事後の脱炭層の改質の場合と異なり、本発明では溝周辺での脱炭層が除去若しくは低減されるため、従来のような改質部位での表層剥離が生じることがなく、溝周辺の品質精度、殊に高硬度を安定して得られるので、ベアリング溝のような過酷な条件で使用される製品にも安心して適用できる。 In addition, unlike the case of reforming the decarburized layer before or after as described above, in the present invention, the decarburized layer around the groove is removed or reduced, so that the conventional surface delamination occurs at the modified site. Since the quality accuracy around the groove, especially high hardness, can be obtained stably, it can be applied to products used under harsh conditions such as bearing grooves.
また従来の事前、事後の改質のように素材の全表面に処理を施すものに比して、溝３に対応する必要な部位のみにサイズも適宜に選定して精度良く脱炭層６の除去若しくは低減が行えるから無駄がなく、効率が向上する。そしてこれらの効果は脱炭層６が比較的深く、溝３も大きくなる傾向にある太いサイズの製品に顕著に発現する。 In addition, compared with the conventional method in which the entire surface of the material is treated in advance or after modification, the size of the necessary portions corresponding to the grooves 3 is appropriately selected and the decarburized layer 6 is accurately removed. Or, since it can be reduced, there is no waste and the efficiency is improved. These effects are remarkably exhibited in a thick product in which the decarburized layer 6 is relatively deep and the groove 3 tends to be large.
１は金属素材
２は製品
３は溝
４は膨出部分
５は除去跡
６脱炭層
1 is a metal material 2 is a product 3 is a groove 4 is a bulging portion 5 is a removal trace 6 a decarburized layer
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