JP5153322B2 - 超低バス電圧による給電を受ける無線式電解セルモニタリング - Google Patents
超低バス電圧による給電を受ける無線式電解セルモニタリング Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000784732 Lycaena phlaeas Species 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/06—Detection or inhibition of short circuits in the cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
- G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Description
monitoring)に関する。
公知の様に、輝銅鉱(chalcocite)、黄銅鉱(chalcopyrite)、そして斑銅鉱(bornite)の様な硫化銅(copper sulfide)又は硫化銅鉄(copper−iron−sulfide)の鉱物の1つ以上を有する、種々の鉱物を備える多量の鉱石が地球表面の下に存在する。該鉱石をほどき、それを粉砕及び磨砕用設備への搭載、運搬を可能にするために、爆発物が爆発させられるよう、この鉱石内に孔が開けられる。
粉砕及び磨砕設備では、該鉱石は種々の鉱石粉砕及び磨砕機構により粉砕され、水と混合され、そして微細な粉末に磨砕されるが、その後それは選鉱設備へ汲み上げられる。粉砕され、磨砕された鉱石は典型的に2重量パーセント(“wt%”)より少ない銅を含む。
該選鉱設備では、該粉砕及び磨砕された鉱石はスラリー液体濃縮物に濃縮される。特に、該粉砕及び磨砕された鉱石は浮遊セル(floatation cell)内で水、化学剤(chemicals)及び空気と混合されるが、それは該粉砕、磨砕された鉱石内の銅を該浮遊セル内で立ち上がる空気泡(air bubbles)に付着させる。該空気泡が該浮遊セルの表面頂部まで浮遊すると、それらは集められ該液体濃縮物を形成する。
熱と酸素を使って、該濃縮物はスラグと銅マットと呼ばれる銅−鉄硫化物(copper−iron sulfide)に溶融(smelted)される。特に、その湿気のある濃縮物は最初に大きな回転ドラム又は類似の乾燥装置内で乾燥される。次いで、それは溶融過程に供給されるが、そこでは今や乾燥した濃縮物は酸素の濃い空気(oxygen−enriched air)と混合され、濃縮物バーナー(concentrate burner)を通して溶融炉(smelting furnace)内に吹き込まれる。該溶融炉内では、該今や乾燥した濃縮物は華氏2300度より高い温度に曝され、それによりそれは部分的に酸化し、該溶融濃縮物内の硫黄及び鉄を酸化させることにより発生する熱のために融解(melts)する。
該スラグが該銅マットから分離された後、該銅マットは、i)転化炉内に直接転送されか、ii)次の転化炉への供給用に保持炉(holding furnace)内に転送されるか、又はiii)粒(granules)を形成するために該銅マットを水の中でフラッシュ冷却(flash−cooling)することにより固体形に転化されるが、該粒は該転化炉への次の供給用に大きな、閉じた空間内に貯蔵堆積(stock−piled)される。該転化炉内で、種々の残留不純物が該銅マットから除去され、その結果はブリスター銅(blister copper)と呼ばれる融解銅(molten copper )を生ずる。
最終的に、該ブリスター銅は、通常最初に乾式冶金的に(pyrometallurgically)そして次いで電解式(electrolytically)に、精錬される。特に、該ブリスター銅は更に銅含有量を昇級させるために、反射式又は回転式陽極炉内での点火精錬(fire refining)の様な、追加的純化過程(purification step)に供される。次いで、該ブリスター銅は陽極と呼ばれる大きな、厚いプレートに鋳造され、それはトラック、レイル(rail)、又は類似のものにより陽極鋳造プラントから電解銅精錬所(elecrolytic copper refinery)へ転送されることが多い。該電解銅精錬所では、該陽極は酸性溶液内に降ろされるが、該溶液は約120−250gplの遊離硫酸(free sulfuric acid)と約30−50gplの溶解銅(dissolved copper)を含む。次いで該陽極は正の直流源に電気的に接続される。該陽極をこの水性電解液で電解(electrolyze)させるために、それらは、負に荷電された、スターターシート(starter sheets)又は陰極と呼ばれる不溶性の、インターリーブ(interleaved)された、ステンレス鋼ブランクにより隔てられる。次いで、予め決められた時間の長さ該陽極と陰極の間に電気が送られ、銅イオンに該陰極でプレートを形成するよう該陽極から陰極へ移動(migrate)させるが、該プレートは20パーツパーミリオンより少ない不純物(すなわち、硫黄プラス非銅金属で、酸素は含まない)しか含まない。一般に約0.1−0.5Vの電圧は対応する約160−380A/m2の電流密度を用いて該陽極を溶かし、該陰極上にその銅を析出(deposit)させるのに充分である。精錬された銅が析出される2枚の陰極プレートを作る各陽極と共に、該陰極プレートは次いで洗浄され、究極的最終使用のために用意される。
(suspended)された合計131,000ピース用として、各々が46の陽極と45の陰極ブランクを有する1,440程の電解セルがある。この様な従来の銅製錬所では、各陰極と各陽極は該陽極の支持耳部(supporting ears)及び該陰極のハンガーバー(hanger bars)上の2つ以上の接触点を通して該精錬所電流供給システム(refinery current supply system)に電気的に接続される。これは合計260,000以上の電気接続があり得ることを意味する(すなわち、陽極当たり2及び陰極当たり2が陰極及び陽極の数を掛け算される)。該精錬過程の効率的動作には該陽極及び陰極ブランクの間に短絡が無いこと(absence
of short circuits)が重要である。続いて詳細に述べられる様に、もし該陽極及び陰極が誤整列(mis−aligned)されるか又は陰極上の銅析出が均一でない仕方で成長し、陽極と接触するなら、短絡が起こり得る。短絡が起こると、望まれる銅メッキ過程(desired copper plating process)は混乱(disrupted)し、電気的使用効率は低下する。従って、該短絡は該陽極及び陰極に跨る電圧差(voltage differential)の減少に帰着する。
−powered first electronic device)を具備するシステムを提供するが、そこでは該電位はこのタスクを達成するため電圧昇圧(voltage−boosted)される。もし該セルに課された電位がこのデバイスに給電するのに不充分ならば、それは又バッテリー給電される(battery−powered)ことも出来る。とにかく、このデバイスは該電解セル内の1つ以上のセンサーのみならず、第2電子デバイスとも通信し(in communication with)、そして第1及び第2電子デバイスは無線で通信する(wirelessly communicate)。特に、該第2電子デバイスは該第1電子デバイスからデータ信号を受信し、該第1電子デバイスはそれへデータ信号を送信し、該第1及び第2電子デバイスは好ましくは相互から物理的遠隔にあるのがよく、好ましくはスペクトラム拡散技術(spread spectrum technology)を使って、私的又は公共のネットワーク上で通信するのがよい。加えて、該第2電子デバイスはデータ信号を、該データ信号の更に進んだ処理用に、コンピュータへ送信するのが好ましい。
0.1−0.8ボルト)であるが、2800Aの電流は該電解セル22付近では異常ではない。このセル電圧は該イオン移動用に該陽極A及び陰極Cを跨いで印加される電圧(voltage impressed across the anodes A and
the cathodes C)であるバス電圧(bus vltage)により給電(powered)されるのが典型的である。
てもう1つをその1つ以上の内壁25aに沿って置く様に、多数の温度センサーを該電解セル22内に提供することにより、多数のセル温度がモニターされる。従って、該電解セル22からの精密な熱損失又は熱平衡(accurate heat loss or balance)がモニターされ得る。例えば、好ましい温度センサーはカリフオルニア州、サニーベール(Sunnyvale, CA)のマキシムインテグレーテッドプロダクツ社(Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.)から入手可能なデーエス18ビー20 1−線アール(DS18B20 1−Wire(R))高精度デジタルサーモメーター(high−precision digital thermometer)である。この温度センサーは−10から+85℃の範囲に亘り±0.5℃の精度を有し、1−線アール直列バス(1−Wire(R) serial bus)上で2の補数のフオーマットで(in 2’s complement format)12ビットの分解能(すなわち、0.0625℃)で読み出し、現場校正を要せず、その信号線によりパラサイト給電され(is parasite powered)、該センサー用バスアドレスとして役立つ一意の、スタチック64ビットシリコン直列番号(a unique, static 64−bit silicon serial number)を有し、そして多数のDS18B20センサーが同じ1−線アールバス{the same 1−Wire(R)bus}上で共存することを可能にする。他の適当な温度センサーも使われてもよい。
ット(tablet)PC又は他の適当な計算プラットフオーム(computing platform)として実現されてもよい。典型的に、それはプロセサーを有するシステムを備えるが、一般的な本発明の必須部品として特定の詳細は意図されてない。
では、異なる充電戦略(charge strategies)が異なる種類の再充電可能なバッテリー56用に適用され得る。
。もし該スレーブ30が過程104で該マスター32からビーコンを受信するなら、制御は104から過程106へ移り、さもなければ制御は過程104に留まり該マスター32からのビーコンを待つ。
は1セットの搬送波周波数上で急速にホップ出来る周波数シンセサイザーを使う。
Claims (4)
- 高純度銅を生産する方法に於いて、
中に銅を有する陽極と陰極が浸される水性硫酸電解液を有する1つ以上の電解セル内で前記陽極を電解精錬する過程であって、前記陽極からの銅の溶解、前記陰極上に高純度銅を析出させるに充分の電位の電圧を前記陽極及び前記陰極間に確立する過程、
前記電解セルの電流レイルと電気的に接触し、1つ以上のセンサーと通信し、センサーをサンプリングするために作動できる第1電子デバイスを提供する過程、
前記電解セルの電流レイルの電位によって前記第1電子デバイスに給電する過程であって、電流レイルを跨いで課される電位を昇圧して第1電子デバイスに給電するのに十分な電位をもたらし、電流レイルを跨いで課される電位が第1電子デバイスに給電するのに不充分な時に、再充電可能なバッテリーを使って第1電子デバイスに給電する過程、
前記センサーをサンプリングする過程であって、前記センサーが、1つ以上のデータ信号で、前記電解セルの物理的特性に対応する前記セルのパラメーターに対応してデータ信号を発生するよう前記電解セルに取り付けられて、該セルパラメーターをモニターする過程、
そして
前記データ信号を遠隔の第2電子デバイスへ無線送信する過程
を具備することを特徴とする方法。 - 第1電子デバイス及び第2電子デバイスが私的ネットワーク上で通信することを特徴とする請求項1の方法。
- 第1電子デバイス及び第2電子デバイスが公共的ネットワーク上で通信することを特徴とする請求項1の該方法。
- 第1電子デバイス及び第2電子デバイスがスペクトラム拡散通信技術を使って通信することを特徴とする請求項1の該方法。
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EP1728086A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-12-06 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Test station for a fuel cell power module |
US7470356B2 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2008-12-30 | Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation | Wireless monitoring of two or more electrolytic cells using one monitoring device |
US20060114642A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Yan Liu | Systems and methods for integrated VAR compensation and hydrogen production |
-
2005
- 2005-03-17 CA CA002558230A patent/CA2558230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-17 PL PL05728362T patent/PL1733076T3/pl unknown
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- 2005-03-17 CN CN2005800083465A patent/CN1954099B/zh active Active
- 2005-03-17 EP EP05728673A patent/EP1733074A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-17 JP JP2007504148A patent/JP2007529629A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-17 US US11/082,545 patent/US7445696B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-17 BR BRPI0508164-5A patent/BRPI0508164A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-17 AU AU2005224673A patent/AU2005224673B2/en active Active
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- 2005-03-17 WO PCT/US2005/009104 patent/WO2005090639A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2005-03-17 WO PCT/US2005/009103 patent/WO2005090644A2/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0508165A (pt) | 2007-08-07 |
EP1733076B1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
US20050218001A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
AU2005224673A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
WO2005090639A3 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
AU2005224674B2 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
US20050217999A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
AU2005224673B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
CN1954098B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
EP1733076A2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
PL1733076T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
BRPI0508164A (pt) | 2007-08-07 |
ES2614629T3 (es) | 2017-06-01 |
BRPI0508165B1 (pt) | 2018-01-23 |
PE20060136A1 (es) | 2006-03-01 |
EP1733074A2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
AU2005224674A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
WO2005090644A3 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
CN1954098A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
US7550068B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
CA2558231C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
PE20060183A1 (es) | 2006-03-21 |
WO2005090639A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
WO2005090644A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
CA2558231A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US7445696B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
CN1954099B (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
JP2007529628A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
CA2558230A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
CN1954099A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
JP2007529629A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
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