JP5138639B2 - Welding material for overlaying turbine rotor bearings made of high Cr steel - Google Patents

Welding material for overlaying turbine rotor bearings made of high Cr steel Download PDF

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JP5138639B2
JP5138639B2 JP2009158458A JP2009158458A JP5138639B2 JP 5138639 B2 JP5138639 B2 JP 5138639B2 JP 2009158458 A JP2009158458 A JP 2009158458A JP 2009158458 A JP2009158458 A JP 2009158458A JP 5138639 B2 JP5138639 B2 JP 5138639B2
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turbine rotor
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JP2011011240A (en
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徹郎 嶋田
林造 茅野
智之 高橋
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Japan Steel Works Ltd
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Description

本発明は、高Cr鋼製タービンロータの軸受け部に肉盛される溶接材料に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a welding material that is built up on a bearing portion of a high Cr steel turbine rotor.

高Cr鋼は高温強度や低温靭性が優れているため、発電機の高圧、中圧タービンロータ素材として使用が拡大されてきている。しかし、上記素材はCrを多く含有することに起因して、使用中にジャーナルやスラストといった軸受け部で焼付けを生じ易く、損傷を招く恐れがある。そのため、従来はロータの軸受け部に低合金鋼を肉盛溶接して焼付けの発生を防止する方法が提案されており、主にサブマージアーク溶接用の溶接材料や溶接方法が開発されている(例えば特許文献1〜5参照)。   Since high Cr steel has excellent high temperature strength and low temperature toughness, its use has been expanded as a high-pressure and medium-pressure turbine rotor material for generators. However, due to the fact that the material contains a large amount of Cr, it is likely to be baked at a bearing portion such as a journal or thrust during use, which may cause damage. For this reason, conventionally, methods have been proposed to prevent the occurrence of seizure by overlay welding low alloy steel to the bearing portion of the rotor, and mainly welding materials and welding methods for submerged arc welding have been developed (for example, Patent References 1 to 5).

特開昭57−137456号公報JP-A-57-137456 特開平4−81293号公報JP-A-4-81293 特開平6−272503号公報JP-A-6-272503 特開平9−76091号公報JP-A-9-76091 特開平10−6080号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-6080

上記のように、高Cr鋼製タービンロータの軸受け部に肉盛する溶接方法としては、これまでは作業効率の点からサブマージアーク溶接が主な溶接方法であるが、同溶接方法ではスラグの巻き込みに起因した微小欠陥の完全な撲滅は難しい。
そこで、本発明は、高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部に求められる強度や靭性を満足するTIG溶接に好適な溶接材料を提供することを目的とする。
As described above, as a welding method for overlaying on the bearing portion of a high Cr steel turbine rotor, submerged arc welding has been the main welding method so far in terms of work efficiency, but in this welding method, slag is involved. It is difficult to completely eliminate micro defects caused by.
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the welding material suitable for TIG welding which satisfies the intensity | strength and toughness which are calculated | required by the turbine rotor bearing part made from high Cr steel.

すなわち、第1の本発明の高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部の肉盛用溶接材料は、質量%で、C:0.03〜0.2%、Si:0.2〜1.0%、Mn:0.5〜3.0%、Ni:0.1〜0.5%、Cr:1.0〜2.5%、Mo:0.1〜1.5%、Ti:0.008〜0.05%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避の不純物からなり、前記不可避不純物中で、P:0.0l%以下、S:0.005%以下、N:0.002%以下に規制することを特徴とする。   That is, the welding material for build-up of the high Cr steel turbine rotor bearing portion of the first invention is mass%, C: 0.03 to 0.2%, Si: 0.2 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.5 to 3.0%, Ni: 0.1 to 0.5%, Cr: 1.0 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.008 to Containing 0.05%, the balance is made of Fe and inevitable impurities, and in the inevitable impurities, P is controlled to 0.01% or less, S: 0.005% or less, and N: 0.002% or less. It is characterized by that.

第2の本発明の高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部の肉盛用溶接材料は、前記第1の本発明において、さらに、質量%で、Nb:0.005%〜0.05%を含有することを特徴とする。   The welding material for build-up of the high Cr steel turbine rotor bearing portion according to the second aspect of the present invention further includes Nb: 0.005% to 0.05% by mass% in the first aspect of the present invention. It is characterized by that.

以下に、本発明における成分を規定した理由について説明する。なお、以下における含有量はいずれも質量%で示される。   Below, the reason which prescribed | regulated the component in this invention is demonstrated. In addition, all content in the following is shown by the mass%.

C:0.03〜0.2%
溶接部の引張強度を確保するという観点からはCは必要な添加元素であるため0.03%を下限とした。しかし、0.2%を越える含有は衝撃値を下げること、溶接割れ感受性が高くなることから、0.2%を上限とした。なお、同様の理由で下限を0.07%、上限を0.15%とするのが望ましい。
C: 0.03-0.2%
From the viewpoint of ensuring the tensile strength of the welded portion, C is a necessary additive element, so 0.03% was made the lower limit. However, if the content exceeds 0.2%, the impact value is lowered and the weld cracking sensitivity is increased, so 0.2% was made the upper limit. For the same reason, it is desirable that the lower limit is 0.07% and the upper limit is 0.15%.

Si:0.2〜1.0%
Siは、脱酸剤として、あるいは強度確保のために必要な元素であるため0.2%を下限とした。しかし、過剰な含有はSR割れ等の溶接割れ性を助長し、また靭性の低下を招くので1.0%を上限とした。なお、同様の理由で下限を0.3%、上限を0.7%とするのが望ましい。
Si: 0.2 to 1.0%
Since Si is an element necessary as a deoxidizer or for ensuring strength, the lower limit is set to 0.2%. However, excessive content promotes weld cracking properties such as SR cracking, and also causes a decrease in toughness, so 1.0% was made the upper limit. For the same reason, it is desirable to set the lower limit to 0.3% and the upper limit to 0.7%.

Mn:0.3〜3.0%
MnはSiと同様に脱酸剤として、あるいは強度確保のために必要な元素であるため0.3%を下限とした。しかし過剰な含有は靭性の低下を招くので3.0%を上限とした。なお、同様の理由で下限を1.0%、上限を2.5%とするのが望ましい。さらに、下限を1.5%とするのが一層望ましい。
Mn: 0.3 to 3.0%
Similar to Si, Mn is an element required for a deoxidizer or for ensuring strength, so 0.3% was made the lower limit. However, excessive inclusion causes a reduction in toughness, so the upper limit was made 3.0%. For the same reason, it is desirable to set the lower limit to 1.0% and the upper limit to 2.5%. Furthermore, it is more desirable to set the lower limit to 1.5%.

Cr:1.0〜2.5%
Crは強度と靭性を確保する上で重要な元素であり、軸受け部として十分な強度を得るため、1.0%を下限とした。しかし、過剰の含有は焼付きを起こし易くするため2.5%を上限とした。なお、同様の理由で下限を1.2%、上限を1.7%とするのが望ましい。
Cr: 1.0-2.5%
Cr is an important element in securing strength and toughness, and in order to obtain sufficient strength as a bearing portion, 1.0% was made the lower limit. However, the excessive content is set to 2.5% in order to easily cause seizure. For the same reason, it is desirable to set the lower limit to 1.2% and the upper limit to 1.7%.

Mo:0.1〜1.5%
MoはSR(応力除去熱処理)中に炭化物として析出し焼戻し軟化抵抗を高めるため、SR後の強度を得る上で重要な元素であり、軸受け部として十分な強度を得るために0.1%を下限とした。しかし、過剰な含有はSR割れ性を高め、また靭性の低下を招くため1.5%を上限とした。なお同様の理由で下限を0.4%、上限を1.0%とするのが望ましい。
Mo: 0.1 to 1.5%
Mo precipitates as a carbide during SR (stress relief heat treatment) and increases temper softening resistance. Therefore, Mo is an important element for obtaining the strength after SR, and 0.1% for obtaining sufficient strength as a bearing portion. The lower limit was set. However, excessive content increases the SR cracking property and causes a decrease in toughness, so 1.5% was made the upper limit. For the same reason, it is desirable to set the lower limit to 0.4% and the upper limit to 1.0%.

Ti:0.008〜0.05%
Tiは、強度を確保するために重要な元素であり、軸受け部として十分な強度を得るためには0.008%以上が必要である。しかし、過剰の含有は溶接割れ感受性を高めるため上限を0.05%とした。なお同様に理由で、0.02%を上限とするのが望ましい。
Ti: 0.008 to 0.05%
Ti is an important element for ensuring strength, and 0.008% or more is necessary to obtain sufficient strength as a bearing portion. However, an excessive content increases the weld crack sensitivity, so the upper limit was made 0.05%. For the same reason, it is desirable to set the upper limit to 0.02%.

N:0.002%以下
Nは過剰に含有すると強度が低下するため0.002%を上限とした。その理由は、TiNはTiCより析出強化能が小さく、Nが過剰に含有されると、TiNの析出の割合が大きくなり、TiCによる強化能が十分に得られず、強度が低下するためである。なお、同様の理由でさらに、上限を0.0015%とするのが望ましい。
N: 0.002% or less Since N decreases in strength when contained in excess, 0.002% was made the upper limit. The reason is that TiN has a lower precipitation strengthening ability than TiC, and if N is contained excessively, the proportion of TiN precipitation increases, and the strengthening ability due to TiC cannot be obtained sufficiently, resulting in a decrease in strength. . For the same reason, the upper limit is preferably set to 0.0015%.

P:0.01%以下
Pは、金属材料を溶製する際に原料などから混入してくる不純物元素であり、溶接性を劣化させるので、可能な限り低減することが望ましい。したがって、Pの含有量は0.01%以下とした。
P: 0.01% or less P is an impurity element mixed in from a raw material or the like when melting a metal material, and degrades weldability, so it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible. Therefore, the content of P is set to 0.01% or less.

S:0.005%以下
Sも金属材料を溶製する際に原料などから混入してくる不純物元素であり、溶接性を劣化させるので、可能な限り低減することが望ましい。したがって、Sの含有量は0.005%以下とした。
S: 0.005% or less S is also an impurity element mixed from the raw material when the metal material is melted, and deteriorates weldability. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible. Therefore, the content of S is set to 0.005% or less.

Ni:0.1〜0.5%
Niは強度および靭性を向上させるため含有させる。ただし、その作用を十分に得るために、下限を0.1%とする。一方、過剰な含有は溶接割れ感受性を高め、またコストも高くなるため0.5%を上限とした。
Ni: 0.1 to 0.5%
Ni is included to improve strength and toughness. However, in order to obtain the effect sufficiently, the lower limit is made 0.1%. On the other hand, excessive content increases the weld crack sensitivity and increases the cost, so 0.5% was made the upper limit.

Nb:0.005〜0.05%
Nbは必須元素ではないが、微量に含有すると靭性を向上させるので所望により含有させる。ただし、所望により含有させる場合、その作用を十分に得るために、下限を0.005%とする。一方、過剰な含有は溶接割れ感受性を高め、また靭性低下を招くため0.05%を上限とした。
Nb: 0.005 to 0.05%
Nb is not an essential element, but if contained in a trace amount, toughness is improved, so Nb is contained as desired. However, when it is contained as desired, the lower limit is made 0.005% in order to sufficiently obtain the effect. On the other hand, an excessive content increases the weld crack sensitivity and causes a decrease in toughness, so 0.05% was made the upper limit.

以上説明したように、本発明の高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部の肉盛用溶接材料によれば、質量%で、C:0.03〜0.2%、Si:0.2〜1.0%、Mn:0.5〜3.0%、Ni:0.1〜0.5%、Cr:1.0〜2.5%、Mo:0.1〜1.5%、Ti:0.008〜0.05%を含有し、所望によりNb:0.005〜0.05%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避の不純物からなり、前記不可避不純物中で、P:0.0l%以下、S:0.005%以下、N:0.002%以下に規制するので、高Cr鋼製タービンロータの軸受け部に、強度および靱性に優れた肉盛り部を形成することができ、しかも、下盛層・上盛層ともにTIG溶接法により溶接施工することが可能になる。したがって、全層自動溶接で施工可能となり、作業者によるバラツキを抑制でき安定した品質の高Cr鋼製タービンロータを提供できる。   As described above, according to the welding material for overlaying a high Cr steel turbine rotor bearing of the present invention, C: 0.03-0.2%, Si: 0.2-1. 0%, Mn: 0.5 to 3.0%, Ni: 0.1 to 0.5%, Cr: 1.0 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1.5%, Ti: 0 0.008 to 0.05%, optionally containing Nb: 0.005 to 0.05%, the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, P: 0.01% or less in the unavoidable impurities , S: 0.005% or less, N: 0.002% or less, it is possible to form a built-up portion excellent in strength and toughness in the bearing portion of the high Cr steel turbine rotor, Both the lower layer and the upper layer can be welded by the TIG welding method. Therefore, it is possible to perform the construction by full-layer automatic welding, and it is possible to provide a high-quality Cr steel turbine rotor that can suppress variation by an operator and can be stably provided.

本発明の溶接材料が適用されるタービンロータを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the turbine rotor to which the welding material of this invention is applied. 同じく、実施例において溶接材料の肉盛り溶接試験を行った平板を示す図である。Similarly, it is a figure which shows the flat plate which performed the overlay welding test of the welding material in the Example.

以下に、本発明の一実施形態を示す。
図1は、本発明の肉盛用溶接材料が適用される高Cr鋼製タービンロータ1を示すものである。該タービンロータ1は、高Cr鋼で構成されており、例えば、9〜13%のCrを含有する鋼が例示される。本発明としては、該タービンロータの組成は特定のものに限定されるものではなく、タービンロータに使用可能な高Cr鋼であればよい。
このタービンロータ1は、軸受け部としてジャーナル部2とスラスト部3とを有しており、一方または両方に本発明の溶接材料を用いて肉盛り部を形成することができる。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a turbine rotor 1 made of high Cr steel to which the welding material for overlaying according to the present invention is applied. The turbine rotor 1 is made of high Cr steel, for example, steel containing 9 to 13% Cr. In the present invention, the composition of the turbine rotor is not limited to a specific one, and any high Cr steel that can be used for the turbine rotor may be used.
The turbine rotor 1 has a journal portion 2 and a thrust portion 3 as bearing portions, and a built-up portion can be formed on one or both of them using the welding material of the present invention.

肉盛り部の形成に際しては、下盛層を形成し、その上層に本発明の溶接材料を用いて上盛層を形成するのが望ましい。また、肉盛り部の全層を本発明の溶接材料により形成することも可能である。
なお、下盛層は残留応力低減のために母材の高Cr鋼よりも線膨張係数の大きな材料を用いるのが望ましく、純Feや軟鋼からなる溶接材料を用いることができる。
上記下盛層、上盛層の形成または全層の形成は、TIG溶接により行うのが望ましい。該TIG溶接における溶接条件は、本発明としては特に限定されるものではなく、例えば常法により行うこともできる。該TIG溶接により、サブマージアーク溶接のようにスラグの巻き込みを招くことなく清浄な肉盛り部が得られ、靱性、強度に優れた特性が得られる。
In forming the build-up portion, it is desirable to form a build-up layer and form a build-up layer on the upper layer using the welding material of the present invention. Moreover, it is also possible to form all the layers of the build-up portion with the welding material of the present invention.
In addition, it is desirable to use a material having a larger linear expansion coefficient than that of the high Cr steel as a base material for reducing the residual stress, and it is possible to use a welding material made of pure Fe or mild steel.
The formation of the lower layer, the upper layer, or the entire layer is preferably performed by TIG welding. The welding conditions in the TIG welding are not particularly limited as the present invention, and can be performed by, for example, a conventional method. By this TIG welding, a clean build-up portion can be obtained without causing slag entrainment unlike submerged arc welding, and characteristics excellent in toughness and strength can be obtained.

表1に示す組成(残部がFeおよび不可避の不純物)の溶接材料を用意し、表2に示す溶接条件で平板に肉盛溶接を行った。平板10は、図2に示す形状を有しており、該平板10の表面に上記溶接材料によって肉盛り溶接金属11を形成した。
その後、620℃×25時間の加熱を行い、得られた肉盛溶接金属11から試験片を切り出し、その強度と靭性を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。強度の評価は、0.02%Y.S.が650MPa以上かつT.S.が750MPa以上であるものを合格(○)とし、靭性の評価はvE20℃が15J以上のものを合格(○)とした。そして、強度および靭性が共に合格のものを総合評価として合格(○)とした。
A welding material having the composition shown in Table 1 (the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities) was prepared, and overlay welding was performed on the flat plate under the welding conditions shown in Table 2. The flat plate 10 has the shape shown in FIG. 2, and the build-up weld metal 11 is formed on the surface of the flat plate 10 with the above welding material.
Thereafter, heating was performed at 620 ° C. for 25 hours, and a test piece was cut out from the obtained overlay weld metal 11, and its strength and toughness were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. The strength evaluation was 0.02% Y.V. S. Of 650 MPa or more and T.I. S. Is evaluated as pass (◯), and evaluation of toughness is evaluated as pass (◯) when vE20 ° C. is 15 J or more. And the thing which passed both intensity | strength and toughness was set as the pass ((circle)) as comprehensive evaluation.

Figure 0005138639
Figure 0005138639

Figure 0005138639
Figure 0005138639

Figure 0005138639
Figure 0005138639

以上のように、本発明材である実施例3〜6は、強度、靱性ともに優れた結果を示している。一方、Tiを含有しない比較例1、2では、十分な強度が得られなかった。また、Tiを含有していても、Nを多く含有する比較例7、8では、十分な強度が得られなかった。   As mentioned above, Examples 3-6 which are this invention materials have shown the result excellent in both intensity | strength and toughness. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 not containing Ti, sufficient strength was not obtained. Moreover, even if it contains Ti, sufficient strength was not obtained in Comparative Examples 7 and 8 containing a large amount of N.

1 タービンロータ
2 ジャーナル部
3 スラスト部
1 Turbine rotor 2 Journal part 3 Thrust part

Claims (2)

質量%で、C:0.03〜0.2%、Si:0.2〜1.0%、Mn:0.5〜3.0%、Ni:0.1〜0.5%、Cr:1.0〜2.5%、Mo:0.1〜1.5%、Ti:0.008〜0.05%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避の不純物からなり、前記不可避不純物中で、P:0.0l%以下、S:0.005%以下、N:0.002%以下に規制することを特徴とする高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部の肉盛用溶接材料。   In mass%, C: 0.03-0.2%, Si: 0.2-1.0%, Mn: 0.5-3.0%, Ni: 0.1-0.5%, Cr: 1.0-2.5%, Mo: 0.1-1.5%, Ti: 0.008-0.05%, the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities, in the inevitable impurities, P: 0.01% or less, S: 0.005% or less, N: 0.002% or less, a welding material for overlaying a high-Cr steel turbine rotor bearing. さらに、質量%で、Nb:0.005%〜0.05%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高Cr鋼製タービンロータ軸受け部の肉盛用溶接材料。   Furthermore, the welding material for build-up of the high Cr steel turbine rotor bearing part of Claim 1 which contains Nb: 0.005%-0.05% by mass%.
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JP2747211B2 (en) * 1993-12-28 1998-05-06 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Wire for automatic TIG welding
JPH08144703A (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-06-04 Japan Steel Works Ltd:The High-chromium turbine rotor and its manufacture
JPH0966389A (en) * 1995-09-01 1997-03-11 Kobe Steel Ltd Welding material for build-up welding of 12% chromium steel and build-up welding method using this welding material
JP3215326B2 (en) * 1996-06-14 2001-10-02 株式会社日本製鋼所 Welding material for overlaying journal part of high chromium content rotor, high chromium content rotor, and method of manufacturing the rotor

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