JP5137068B2 - Power generation system with a power supply countermeasure - Google Patents
Power generation system with a power supply countermeasure Download PDFInfo
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- JP5137068B2 JP5137068B2 JP2007268316A JP2007268316A JP5137068B2 JP 5137068 B2 JP5137068 B2 JP 5137068B2 JP 2007268316 A JP2007268316 A JP 2007268316A JP 2007268316 A JP2007268316 A JP 2007268316A JP 5137068 B2 JP5137068 B2 JP 5137068B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/40—Fuel cell technologies in production processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Description
本発明は瞬低対策機能付発電システムに関し、特に停電補償負荷及び瞬低対策負荷に電力を供給する発電システムに適用して有用なものである。 The present invention relates to a power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function, and is particularly useful when applied to a power generation system that supplies power to a power failure compensation load and a power sag countermeasure load.
一般的な需要家で瞬低対策を行う場合の従来技術に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムを図８に示す。同図に示すように、一般負荷１は、遮断器２、変圧器３及び遮断器４を介して送電線５に接続されている。すなわち、遮断器２、変圧器３及び遮断器４を機器として有する給電系統Ｉが構成されている。停電補償負荷６は給電系統Ｉに高速遮断器７を介して接続されるとともに、発電手段であるガスエンジン発電機８に変圧器９及び遮断器１０を介して接続されている。瞬低対策負荷１１は給電系統Ｉに高速遮断器１２を介して接続されるとともに、蓄電池１３に、この蓄電池１３の出力を交流に変換するインバータ１４、変圧器１５及び遮断器１６を介して接続されている。すなわち、停電補償のための装置と瞬低補償のための機器とが高速遮断器７，１２を介して給電系統Ｉに並列に接続されている。ここで、停電補償負荷６とは瞬間的な電圧の低下を含め、停電状態になることが許容されない負荷をいい、瞬低対策負荷１１とはある程度の頻度で発生する瞬間的な電圧低下を補償すべき負荷であって、やむを得ない場合は停電が許容される負荷をいう。そこで、停電補償負荷６にはガスエンジン発電機８による永続的な電力の供給を補償し、瞬低対策負荷１１には蓄電池１３による一定時間の電力の供給を補償している。 FIG. 8 shows a power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to the prior art when a voltage drop countermeasure is taken by a general customer. As shown in the figure, a general load 1 is connected to a power transmission line 5 via a circuit breaker 2, a transformer 3 and a circuit breaker 4. That is, a power feeding system I having the circuit breaker 2, the transformer 3, and the circuit breaker 4 as devices is configured. The power failure compensation load 6 is connected to the power supply system I through a high-speed circuit breaker 7 and is connected to a gas engine generator 8 as a power generation means through a transformer 9 and a circuit breaker 10. The instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 is connected to the power supply system I through a high-speed circuit breaker 12, and is connected to the storage battery 13 through an inverter 14, a transformer 15 and a circuit breaker 16 that convert the output of the storage battery 13 into alternating current. Has been. In other words, the power failure compensation device and the sag compensation device are connected in parallel to the power feeding system I via the high-speed circuit breakers 7 and 12. Here, the power failure compensation load 6 refers to a load that is not allowed to enter a power failure state, including a momentary voltage drop, and the voltage sag countermeasure load 11 compensates for a momentary voltage drop that occurs at a certain frequency. If it is unavoidable, it means a load that allows power outages. Therefore, the power failure compensation load 6 is compensated for the permanent power supply by the gas engine generator 8, and the instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure load 11 is compensated for the power supply for a certain time by the storage battery 13.
かかる瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて給電系統Ｉの瞬低が検出された場合、高速遮断器７，１２が遮断されて給電系統からの電力の供給が遮断されるが、ガスエンジン発電機８から継続して停電補償負荷６に電力が供給され、同時に蓄電池１３から継続して瞬低対策負荷１１に電力が供給される。かくして瞬低による負荷側への影響を回避するようになっている。 In such a power generation system with a function for preventing voltage sag, when a power supply system I is detected to have a voltage sag, the high-speed circuit breakers 7 and 12 are cut off and the power supply from the power feeding system is cut off. Electric power is continuously supplied to the power failure compensation load 6, and at the same time, electric power is continuously supplied from the storage battery 13 to the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11. Thus, the influence on the load side due to the instantaneous drop is avoided.
なお、瞬低対策に関する技術を開示する公知文献として特許文献１を挙げることができる。 In addition, patent document 1 can be mentioned as well-known literature which discloses the technique regarding a voltage drop countermeasure.
上記従来技術においては、停電補償と瞬低対策とを別々の装置で行っている。このため、設備費の高騰を招来する。特に、高速遮断器７，１２の価格は通常の遮断器１０，１６等の数十倍と、極めて高価である。なお、高速遮断器７，１２は遮断時の動作時間が５ｍｓｅｃ程度と極めて短時間である。このため、瞬低が発生した給電系統Ｉを瞬時に切り離し、所定電圧の電力を停電補償負荷６及び瞬低対策負荷１１へ継続して供給することができる。 In the above prior art, the power failure compensation and the voltage drop countermeasure are performed by separate devices. For this reason, the equipment cost increases. In particular, the price of the high-speed circuit breakers 7 and 12 is extremely expensive, several tens of times that of the normal circuit breakers 10 and 16. The high-speed circuit breakers 7 and 12 have an extremely short operation time of about 5 msec when interrupted. For this reason, it is possible to instantaneously disconnect the power supply system I in which a voltage sag has occurred and to continuously supply power of a predetermined voltage to the power failure compensation load 6 and the voltage sag countermeasure load 11.
本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑み、構成機器数の可及的な低減を図り得る瞬低対策機能付発電システムを提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above-described prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system with an instantaneous voltage reduction countermeasure function capable of reducing the number of constituent devices as much as possible.
上記課題を解決する本発明の第１の態様は、
発電手段と、
一般負荷に電力を供給すべく送電線に接続されている給電系統に高速遮断器を介して接続されるとともに、前記発電手段に接続されている停電補償負荷と、
前記発電手段に、前記高速遮断器よりも動作時間が遅い遮断器を介して接続されている瞬低対策負荷と、
前記給電系統の瞬低が検出されたとき前記高速遮断器を遮断するとともに、前記発電手段を過負荷運転して前記瞬低対策負荷への電力の供給が継続されるように制御し、さらに前記過負荷運転が予め定めた所定時間行なわれるように前記発電手段を制御するとともに、前記所定時間を経過した時点で前記遮断器を介して前記瞬低対策負荷への前記発電手段からの電力の供給が遮断されるように制御する制御手段とを有することを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システムにある。
The first aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
Power generation means;
A power failure compensation load connected to the power generation means connected to the power supply system connected to the power transmission line to supply power to the general load, and connected to the power generation means,
The power generation means, a momentary voltage reduction load connected via a circuit breaker whose operation time is slower than the high-speed circuit breaker ,
While blocking the high-speed switch when the instantaneous drop of the power supply system is detected, the power generating means is controlled so that the supply of electric power is continued to overload operation to the sag measures load, further wherein The power generation means is controlled so that overload operation is performed for a predetermined time, and when the predetermined time elapses, power is supplied from the power generation means to the instantaneous voltage reduction load via the circuit breaker. And a control means for controlling the power supply to be shut off .
本発明の第２の態様は、
第１の態様に記載する瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて、
前記発電手段は燃料電池と、この燃料電池の出力を交流に変換するインバータとで構成したことを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システムにある。
The second aspect of the present invention is:
In the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function described in the first aspect ,
The power generation means is a power generation system with a function for preventing voltage sag, comprising a fuel cell and an inverter that converts the output of the fuel cell into alternating current.
本発明の第３の態様は、
第１の態様に記載する瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて、
前記発電手段はエンジン発電機で構成したことを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システ
ムにある。
The third aspect of the present invention is:
In the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function described in the first aspect ,
The power generation means is an electric power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function, characterized by comprising an engine generator.
本発明によれば、高速遮断器の遮断動作により給電系統Ｉが切り離されても、発電手段の過負荷運転により停電補償負荷のみならず、瞬低対策負荷への電力の供給も継続し得る。したがって、発電手段を停電補償用及び瞬低対策用として兼用し得るとともに、高価な高速遮断器は１個設けるだけで良い。この結果、当該瞬低対策機能付発電システムに要する設備費を大幅に削減することができる。 According to the present invention, even when the power supply system I is disconnected by the breaking operation of the high-speed circuit breaker, not only the power failure compensation load but also the power supply to the instantaneous voltage reduction load can be continued by the overload operation of the power generation means. Therefore, the power generation means can be used both for power failure compensation and for measures against voltage sag, and only one expensive high-speed circuit breaker needs to be provided. As a result, the equipment cost required for the power generation system with the instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function can be greatly reduced.
以下本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
＜第１の実施の形態＞
図１は本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムを示すブロック線図である。同図中、図８と同一部分には同一番号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。
<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.
図１に示すように、本形態の発電手段は燃料電池２８とこの燃料電池２８の出力を交流に変換するインバータ２９とで構成してある。停電補償負荷６は、給電系統Ｉに高速遮断器２７を介して接続されるとともに、発電手段である燃料電池２８及びインバータ２９に遮断器３１及び変圧器３０を介して接続されている。瞬低対策負荷１１は発電手段である燃料電池２８及びインバータ２９に遮断器３１及び変圧器３０に加え、さらに遮断器３２を介して接続されている。すなわち、遮断器３２の遮断動作により瞬低対策負荷１１を発電手段（燃料電池２８及びインバータ２９）から切り離すことができるようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the power generation means of this embodiment includes a fuel cell 28 and an inverter 29 that converts the output of the fuel cell 28 into alternating current. The power failure compensation load 6 is connected to the power supply system I through a high-speed circuit breaker 27, and is connected to a fuel cell 28 and an inverter 29, which are power generation means, through a circuit breaker 31 and a transformer 30. The instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 is connected to a fuel cell 28 and an inverter 29, which are power generation means, in addition to a circuit breaker 31 and a transformer 30, and further via a circuit breaker 32. That is, the voltage drop countermeasure load 11 can be disconnected from the power generation means (the fuel cell 28 and the inverter 29) by the breaking operation of the breaker 32.
かかる瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて、通常時には高速遮断器２７及び遮断器３２とともに他の全ての遮断器２，４，３１は閉状態となっている。かかる状態で所定の瞬低が検出されると高速遮断器２７を動作させて停電補償負荷６及び瞬低対策負荷１１を給電系統Ｉから切り離す。同時に、燃料電池２８を過負荷運転する。このことにより瞬低対策負荷１１への電力を賄う。この結果、停電補償負荷６のみならず、瞬低対策負荷１１にも継続して必要な電力を供給することができる。本形態では、給電系統Ｉでの電圧低下あるいは停電状態が所定の時間以上継続する場合には遮断器３２を動作させて瞬低対策負荷１１を停電補償負荷６側（発電手段側）から切り離す。ここで、高速遮断器２７が動作した時点から遮断器３２が動作するまでの瞬低補償時間は、燃料電池２８の過負荷運転特性と瞬低対策負荷１１の容量とを考慮して決定する。ちなみに、給電系統Ｉにおける瞬低時間の多くは１秒未満と考えられ、燃料電池２８に溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池（ＭＣＦＣ）を用いた場合は、１秒間で１４０％程度の過負荷運転が可能である。そこで、本形態では燃料電池２８の過負荷運転可能時間を１秒とした。 In such a power generation system with an instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function, all the other circuit breakers 2, 4, and 31 together with the high-speed circuit breaker 27 and the circuit breaker 32 are normally closed. When a predetermined voltage sag is detected in this state, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 is operated to disconnect the power failure compensation load 6 and the voltage sag countermeasure load 11 from the power supply system I. At the same time, the fuel cell 28 is overloaded. This provides power for the instantaneous voltage drop load 11. As a result, necessary power can be continuously supplied not only to the power failure compensation load 6 but also to the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11. In this embodiment, when the voltage drop or power failure state in the power feeding system I continues for a predetermined time or longer, the circuit breaker 32 is operated to disconnect the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 from the power failure compensation load 6 side (power generation means side). Here, the sag compensation time from when the high-speed circuit breaker 27 operates until the circuit breaker 32 operates is determined in consideration of the overload operation characteristics of the fuel cell 28 and the capacity of the sag countermeasure load 11. Incidentally, most of the instantaneous drop time in the power supply system I is considered to be less than 1 second, and when a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is used as the fuel cell 28, overload operation of about 140% is possible in 1 second. It is. Therefore, in this embodiment, the overload operation possible time of the fuel cell 28 is set to 1 second.
なお、高速遮断器２７、遮断器３２、燃料電池２８等の上述のごとき一連の動作は、図示はしないが各機器部での制御手段により行なう。 The series of operations as described above, such as the high-speed circuit breaker 27, the circuit breaker 32, and the fuel cell 28, are performed by control means in each device unit, although not shown.
図２は本形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて給電系統Ｉでの電圧低下あるいは停電状態が過負荷運転可能時間よりも短い場合における各部の動作タイミングを示すタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of each part when the voltage drop or power outage state in the power supply system I is shorter than the overload operation possible time in the power generation system with a voltage drop countermeasure function according to this embodiment.
同図（ａ）に示すように、給電系統Ｉの電圧である系統電圧で図に示す位置で瞬低が発生し、その後復電した場合、同図（ｂ）に示す高速遮断器２７は瞬低発生による遮断動作により開状態となり、この状態が復電時点まで継続される。同図（ｃ）に示す遮断器３２は、瞬低時点から復電時点までの期間（以下、瞬低継続期間という。）が燃料電池２８の過負荷運転可能時間より短いため、閉状態が維持される。同図（ｄ）に示す燃料電池２８は瞬低継続期間においては過負荷運転がなされる。この結果、瞬低対策負荷１１にも燃料電池２８から継続して電力が供給される。 As shown in FIG. 6A, when a voltage drop occurs at the position shown in the figure at the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power feeding system I, and then power is restored, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 shown in FIG. The open state is caused by the shut-off operation due to the low occurrence, and this state is continued until the power recovery time. The circuit breaker 32 shown in FIG. 6C is maintained in the closed state because the period from the instantaneous voltage drop time to the power recovery time (hereinafter referred to as the instantaneous voltage drop duration) is shorter than the overload operable time of the fuel cell 28. Is done. The fuel cell 28 shown in FIG. 4D is overloaded during the sag duration. As a result, power is continuously supplied from the fuel cell 28 to the instantaneous voltage drop load 11.
同図（ｅ）に示す制御モードは、瞬低継続期間は出力電流制御から瞬低継続期間は負荷電圧制御となり、復電後に再度出力電流制御となる。このとき、同図（ｆ）に示す停電補償負荷６の電圧及び同図（ｇ）に示す瞬低対策負荷１１の電圧は通常時と変わることなく一定に維持される。 In the control mode shown in FIG. 5E, the output current control is performed during the sag duration, the load voltage control is performed during the sag duration, and the output current control is performed again after power recovery. At this time, the voltage of the power failure compensation load 6 shown in FIG. 5F and the voltage of the instantaneous voltage drop load 11 shown in FIG.
図３は本形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて給電系統Ｉでの電圧低下あるいは停電状態が過負荷運転可能時間よりも長い場合における各部の動作タイミングを示すタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of each part when the voltage drop or the power outage state in the power feeding system I is longer than the overload operation possible time in the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to this embodiment.
同図（ａ）に示すように、給電系統Ｉの電圧である系統電圧において図に示す位置で瞬低が発生し、その後復電した場合、同図（ｂ）に示す高速遮断器２７は瞬低発生による遮断動作により開状態となり、この状態が復電時点まで継続される。同図に示す場合は、瞬低継続期間が燃料電池２８の過負荷運転可能時間よりも長い場合であるので、同図（ｃ）に示す遮断器３２は、燃料電池２８の過負荷運転可能時間（例えば１秒間）まで継続して閉状態が維持されるが、その可能時間を越えた時点で遮断動作により開状態となり復電時点までこの状態が継続される。これに伴い、同図（ｄ）に示す燃料電池２８は、遮断器３２が継続して閉状態となっている間のみ過負荷運転がなされる。この結果、所定時間の経過後は停電補償負荷６のみに電力を供給して瞬低対策負荷１１への電力の供給を停止する。 As shown in FIG. 5A, when a voltage drop occurs at the position shown in the figure in the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power feeding system I, and then power is restored, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 shown in FIG. The open state is caused by the shut-off operation due to the low occurrence, and this state is continued until the power recovery time. In the case shown in the figure, since the instantaneous drop duration is longer than the overload operable time of the fuel cell 28, the circuit breaker 32 shown in FIG. The closed state is maintained continuously (for example, for 1 second), but when the allowable time is exceeded, the closed state is opened due to the shut-off operation, and this state is continued until the power is restored. Accordingly, the fuel cell 28 shown in FIG. 4D is overloaded only while the circuit breaker 32 is continuously closed. As a result, after a predetermined time has elapsed, power is supplied only to the power failure compensation load 6 and the supply of power to the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 is stopped.
同図（ｅ）に示す制御モードでは、瞬低継続期間に出力電流制御から負荷電圧制御となり、復電後に再度出力電流制御となる。このとき、同図（ｆ）に示す停電補償負荷６の電圧は通常時と変わることなく一定に維持されるが、同図（ｇ）に示す瞬低対策負荷１１の電圧は瞬低発生後、燃料電池２８の過負荷運転可能時間を越えた時点から復電時点まで停電状態となる。 In the control mode shown in FIG. 5E, the output voltage control is changed to the load voltage control in the continuation period, and the output current control is performed again after the power recovery. At this time, the voltage of the power failure compensation load 6 shown in (f) of the figure is kept constant without changing from the normal time, but the voltage of the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 shown in (g) of FIG. The fuel cell 28 is in a power failure state from the time when the overload operation possible time of the fuel cell 28 is exceeded to the time of power recovery.
図４は本形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおける発電・負荷バランスの一例を示す説明図である。図４（ａ）に示す通常時には、燃料電池２８が停電補償負荷６の全電力を供給し、瞬低対策負荷１１には給電系統Ｉから高速遮断器２７を介して必要な電力（停電補償負荷６への電力の４０％）を供給している。かかる状態で瞬低が検出された場合、高速遮断器２７が遮断されるので、給電系統Ｉから瞬低対策負荷１１に供給されていた電力は燃料電池２８を過負荷運転することにより賄う。すなわち、図４（ｂ）に示すように、燃料電池２８は過負荷運転により１４０％の電力を発生し、その４０％分を瞬低対策負荷１１に供給する。 FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the power generation / load balance in the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to the present embodiment. In the normal state shown in FIG. 4A, the fuel cell 28 supplies the entire power of the power failure compensation load 6, and the power supply system I supplies the necessary power (power failure compensation load) via the high-speed circuit breaker 27 to the voltage sag countermeasure load 11. 40% of the power to 6). When a voltage sag is detected in this state, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 is interrupted, so that the power supplied from the power supply system I to the voltage sag countermeasure load 11 is supplied by overloading the fuel cell 28. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the fuel cell 28 generates 140% power by overload operation, and supplies 40% of the power to the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11.
＜第２の実施の形態＞
上記第１の実施の形態では発電手段を燃料電池２８及びインバータ２９で構成したが、他の発電手段も制限なく使用することができる。例えば、エンジン発電機であっても良い。この場合、このエンジン発電機の過負荷運転はフライホイールに蓄積しておいた慣性エネルギを放出させることにより容易且つ円滑に行うことができる。
<Second Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, the power generation means is constituted by the fuel cell 28 and the inverter 29, but other power generation means can be used without limitation. For example, an engine generator may be used. In this case, the overload operation of the engine generator can be performed easily and smoothly by releasing the inertia energy accumulated in the flywheel.
発電手段としてエンジン発電機を用いた場合を第２の実施の形態として説明しておく。 A case where an engine generator is used as the power generation means will be described as a second embodiment.
図５は本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムを示すブロック線図である。同図中、図１と同一部分には同一番号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。 FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.
同図に示すように、本形態に係る発電手段であるエンジン発電機は原動機として機能するエンジン４１とこのエンジン４１で回転駆動される発電機４２とからなる。ここで、エンジン４１と発電機４２との連結軸には脈動を防止するためのフライホイール４３が配設してある。また、エンジン４１はこれに供給する燃料の量を燃料流量制御弁４５を介してガバナ４４で制御することにより、所定の回転数で回転するように制御される。発電機４２は自動電圧調整装置（ＡＶＲ）４６で励磁装置４７に供給される励磁電流が制御される。 As shown in the figure, the engine generator as the power generation means according to this embodiment includes an engine 41 that functions as a prime mover and a generator 42 that is rotationally driven by the engine 41. Here, a flywheel 43 for preventing pulsation is disposed on a connecting shaft between the engine 41 and the generator 42. Further, the engine 41 is controlled to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed by controlling the amount of fuel supplied thereto by the governor 44 via the fuel flow control valve 45. The generator 42 is controlled by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) 46 for the excitation current supplied to the excitation device 47.
かかるエンジン発電機においては、ガバナ４４でエンジン４１の回転数を制御することにより発電機４２の出力周波数が制御されるとともに、自動電圧調整装置４６で励磁装置４７に供給される励磁電流により出力電圧が制御される。ちなみに、通常時（瞬低前）の発電機４２の出力は停電補償負荷６の電力を賄うように制御される。かくして、発電機４２は変圧器３０及び遮断器３１を介して停電補償負荷６に、さらに遮断器３２を介して瞬低対策負荷１１にそれぞれ電力を供給するようになっている。すなわち、本形態にかかる瞬低対策機能付発電システムは発電手段がエンジン発電機になるだけで、他は第１の実施の形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムと同様の構成となっている。 In such an engine generator, the output frequency of the generator 42 is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the engine 41 with the governor 44, and the output voltage by the excitation current supplied to the excitation device 47 with the automatic voltage regulator 46. Is controlled. Incidentally, the output of the generator 42 at the normal time (before the momentary drop) is controlled so as to cover the power of the power failure compensation load 6. Thus, the power generator 42 supplies power to the power failure compensation load 6 via the transformer 30 and the circuit breaker 31 and further to the voltage sag countermeasure load 11 via the circuit breaker 32. In other words, the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the power generation system with a voltage sag countermeasure function according to the first embodiment except that the power generation means is an engine generator. .
図６は本形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて給電系統Ｉでの電圧低下あるいは停電状態が過負荷運転可能時間よりも短い場合における各部の動作タイミングを示すタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of each part when the voltage drop or power outage state in the power feeding system I is shorter than the overload operation possible time in the power generation system with an instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function according to this embodiment.
同図（ａ）に示すように、給電系統Ｉの電圧である系統電圧で図に示す位置で瞬低が発生し、その後復電した場合、同図（ｂ）に示す高速遮断器２７は瞬低発生による遮断動作により開状態となり、この状態が復電時点まで継続される。同図（ｃ）に示す遮断器３２は、瞬低時点から復電時点までの期間（以下、瞬低継続期間という。）が発電機４２の過負荷運転可能時間より短いため、閉状態が維持される。 As shown in FIG. 6A, when a voltage drop occurs at the position shown in the figure at the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power feeding system I, and then power is restored, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 shown in FIG. The open state is caused by the shut-off operation due to the low occurrence, and this state is continued until the power recovery time. The circuit breaker 32 shown in FIG. 6C is maintained in the closed state because the period from the instantaneous voltage drop to the power recovery time (hereinafter referred to as the instantaneous voltage drop continuation period) is shorter than the overload operable time of the generator 42. Is done.
同図（ｄ）に示すように発電機４２は瞬低継続期間においては過負荷運転が行なわれる。この結果、瞬低対策負荷１１にも発電機４２から継続して電力が供給される。ここで、エンジン発電機の場合は瞬時に所定の過負荷となることはできず、ガバナ４４の制御によりエンジン４１に供給する燃料を増やして徐々に負荷上昇させる。したがって、エンジン４１が出力上昇するまでの間はフライホイール４３から過負荷分のエネルギを供給する。この結果、エンジン４１の回転数（発電機４２の出力周波数）が下がるが、ガバナ４４の制御により所定の回転数になるようにエンジン４１を加速する。すなわち、このように加速するためには（停電補償負荷６＋瞬低対策負荷１１）より大きなエンジン４１の出力が必要になるので、これに見合うだけの燃料をエンジン４１に供給する。したがって、エンジン４１の加速性能、過負荷量、負荷における許容周波数低下量を考慮してフライホイール４３の慣性モーメントの大きさを選定しておく。一般的に、過負荷性能は１１０〜１２０％で過負荷運転可能時間は３０秒〜数分程度である。 As shown in FIG. 4D, the generator 42 is overloaded during the sag duration. As a result, power is continuously supplied from the generator 42 to the instantaneous voltage drop load 11. Here, in the case of an engine generator, a predetermined overload cannot be instantaneously generated, and the fuel supplied to the engine 41 is increased under the control of the governor 44 to gradually increase the load. Therefore, overload energy is supplied from the flywheel 43 until the output of the engine 41 increases. As a result, the rotational speed of the engine 41 (the output frequency of the generator 42) decreases, but the engine 41 is accelerated to a predetermined rotational speed by the control of the governor 44. That is, in order to accelerate in this way, a larger output of the engine 41 is required than (the power failure compensation load 6 + the instantaneous drop countermeasure load 11), and therefore, fuel corresponding to this output is supplied to the engine 41. Therefore, the magnitude of the inertia moment of the flywheel 43 is selected in consideration of the acceleration performance of the engine 41, the overload amount, and the allowable frequency decrease amount in the load. Generally, the overload performance is 110 to 120%, and the overload operation possible time is about 30 seconds to several minutes.
かかる過負荷運転により、瞬低中、エンジン４１は（停電補償負荷６＋瞬低対策負荷１１＋フライホイール４３の加速分）に見合うエネルギを供給する。したがって、瞬低対策負荷１１の消費エネルギが次の関係式を満足するように構成する必要がある。 By such overload operation, the engine 41 supplies energy commensurate with (power failure compensation load 6 + instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 + acceleration of the flywheel 43) during the power sag. Therefore, it is necessary to configure so that the energy consumption of the instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure load 11 satisfies the following relational expression.
（瞬低対策負荷１１の消費エネルギ）＝（発電機４２の過負荷許容電力エネルギ）−（停電補償負荷６の消費エネルギ）−（フライホイール４３の加速分に必要なエネルギ） (Energy consumption of instantaneous voltage reduction load 11) = (Allowable power energy of generator 42) − (Energy consumption of power failure compensation load 6) − (Energy required for acceleration of flywheel 43)
同図（ｅ）に示す負荷周波数は、過負荷運転が開始されるとエンジン４１が減速されて一旦低下するが、ガバナ４４の制御によりエンジン４１が加速されて短時間で元に戻る。同図（ｆ）に示すように、高速遮断器２７を介して供給される系統受電電力は瞬低対策負荷１１の電力に等しくなるようにしてある。また、同図（ｇ）に示す停電補償負荷６の電圧及び同図（ｈ）に示す瞬低対策負荷１１の電圧は通常時と変わることなく一定に維持される。 When the overload operation is started, the engine 41 is decelerated and temporarily decreases. However, the engine 41 is accelerated by the control of the governor 44 and returns to the original load frequency in a short time. As shown in FIG. 5F, the system received power supplied via the high-speed circuit breaker 27 is made equal to the power of the instantaneous voltage drop load 11. Further, the voltage of the power failure compensation load 6 shown in FIG. 6G and the voltage of the instantaneous voltage drop load 11 shown in FIG.
図７は本形態に係る瞬低対策機能付発電システムにおいて給電系統Ｉでの電圧低下あるいは停電状態が過負荷運転可能時間よりも長い場合における各部の動作タイミングを示すタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of each part when the voltage drop or power outage state in the power feeding system I is longer than the overload operation possible time in the power generation system with an instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function according to this embodiment.
同図（ａ）に示すように、給電系統Ｉの電圧である系統電圧において図に示す位置で瞬低が発生し、その後復電した場合、同図（ｂ）に示す高速遮断器２７は瞬低発生による遮断動作により開状態となり、この状態が復電時点まで継続される。同図に示す場合は、瞬低継続期間が発電機４２の過負荷運転可能時間よりも長い場合であるので、同図（ｃ）に示す遮断器３２は、発電機４２の過負荷運転可能時間（例えば１秒間）まで継続して閉状態が維持されるが、その可能時間を越えた時点で遮断動作により開状態となり復電時点までこの状態が継続される。これに伴い、同図（ｄ）に示す発電機４２の出力は、遮断器３２が継続して閉状態となっている間のみ過負荷運転がなされる。この結果、所定時間の経過後は停電補償負荷６のみに電力を供給して瞬低対策負荷１１への電力の供給を停止する。 As shown in FIG. 5A, when a voltage drop occurs at the position shown in the figure in the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power feeding system I, and then power is restored, the high-speed circuit breaker 27 shown in FIG. The open state is caused by the shut-off operation due to the low occurrence, and this state is continued until the power recovery time. In the case shown in the figure, since the sag duration is longer than the overload operation possible time of the generator 42, the circuit breaker 32 shown in FIG. The closed state is maintained continuously (for example, for 1 second), but when the allowable time is exceeded, the closed state is opened due to the shut-off operation, and this state is continued until the power is restored. Along with this, the output of the generator 42 shown in FIG. 4D is overloaded only while the circuit breaker 32 is continuously closed. As a result, after a predetermined time has elapsed, power is supplied only to the power failure compensation load 6 and the supply of power to the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 is stopped.
同図（ｇ）に示す停電補償負荷６の電圧は通常時と変わることなく一定に維持されるが、同図（ｈ）に示す瞬低対策負荷１１の電圧は瞬低発生後、発電機４２の過負荷運転可能時間を越えた時点から復電時点まで停電状態となる。 The voltage of the power failure compensation load 6 shown in FIG. 6G is kept constant without changing from the normal time, but the voltage of the instantaneous voltage reduction load 11 shown in FIG. It will be in a power outage from the time when the overload operation possible time is exceeded until the power is restored.
本発明は発電設備の製造・販売及び運用・保守を行なう産業分野において有効に利用し得る。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be effectively used in the industrial field where manufacturing, sales, operation, and maintenance of power generation facilities are performed.
Ｉ 給電系統
１ 一般負荷
２、４、１０、１６、３１、３２ 遮断器
３、９、１５、３０ 変圧器
５ 送電線
６ 停電補償負荷
８ ガスエンジン発電機
１１ 瞬低対策負荷
１３ 蓄電池
７、１２、２７ 高速遮断器
２８ 燃料電池
１４、２９ インバータ
４１ エンジン
４２ 発電機
４３ フライホイール
４４ ガバナ
４５ 燃料流量制御弁
４６ 自動電圧調整装置
４７ 励磁装置
I Power supply system 1 General load 2, 4, 10, 16, 31, 32 Circuit breaker 3, 9, 15, 30 Transformer 5 Transmission line 6 Power failure compensation load 8 Gas engine generator 11 Instantaneous voltage drop load 13 Storage batteries 7, 12 27 High-speed circuit breaker 28 Fuel cell 14, 29 Inverter 41 Engine 42 Generator 43 Flywheel 44 Governor 45 Fuel flow control valve 46 Automatic voltage regulator 47 Exciter
Claims (3)
一般負荷に電力を供給すべく送電線に接続されている給電系統に高速遮断器を介して接続されるとともに、前記発電手段に接続されている停電補償負荷と、
前記発電手段に、前記高速遮断器よりも動作時間が遅い遮断器を介して接続されている瞬低対策負荷と、
前記給電系統の瞬低が検出されたとき前記高速遮断器を遮断するとともに、前記発電手段を過負荷運転して前記瞬低対策負荷への電力の供給が継続されるように制御し、さらに前記過負荷運転が予め定めた所定時間行なわれるように前記発電手段を制御するとともに、前記所定時間を経過した時点で前記遮断器を介して前記瞬低対策負荷への前記発電手段からの電力の供給が遮断されるように制御する制御手段とを有することを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システム。 Power generation means;
A power failure compensation load connected to the power generation means connected to the power supply system connected to the power transmission line to supply power to the general load, and connected to the power generation means,
The power generation means, a momentary voltage reduction load connected via a circuit breaker whose operation time is slower than the high-speed circuit breaker ,
While blocking the high-speed switch when the instantaneous drop of the power supply system is detected, the power generating means is controlled so that the supply of electric power is continued to overload operation to the sag measures load, further wherein The power generation means is controlled so that overload operation is performed for a predetermined time, and when the predetermined time elapses, power is supplied from the power generation means to the instantaneous voltage reduction load via the circuit breaker. And a control means for controlling the power supply to be shut off .
前記発電手段は燃料電池と、この燃料電池の出力を交流に変換するインバータとで構成したことを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システム。 In the power generation system with an instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function according to claim 1 ,
The power generation means includes a fuel cell and an inverter that converts the output of the fuel cell into an alternating current.
前記発電手段はエンジン発電機で構成したことを特徴とする瞬低対策機能付発電システ
ム。 In the power generation system with an instantaneous voltage drop countermeasure function according to claim 1 ,
A power generation system with a sag reduction function, wherein the power generation means is composed of an engine generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007268316A JP5137068B2 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2007-10-15 | Power generation system with a power supply countermeasure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| JP2007268316A JP5137068B2 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2007-10-15 | Power generation system with a power supply countermeasure |
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| JP5137068B2 true JP5137068B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2010081751A (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-08 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | Power supply system |
| JP5437707B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2014-03-12 | 清水建設株式会社 | Autonomous operation control system for important loads |
| JP2013090524A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-05-13 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | Uninterruptible power supply system |
| JP2013143212A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-22 | Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp | Fuel cell power generation system and operation method thereof |
| JP6903990B2 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2021-07-14 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Voltage abnormality judgment device and recovery control device |
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| JPH10341534A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-22 | Meidensha Corp | Non-utility substation |
| JP2000156935A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-06-06 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for controlling self power generation system |
| JP2001061238A (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2001-03-06 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Power supply system |
| JP4285895B2 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2009-06-24 | 富士電機ホールディングス株式会社 | Auxiliary power generator |
| JP2002171671A (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Non-interruptible self-changeover power generator system |
| JP2004015883A (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-01-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Stabilized power supply system, its operating method and operating program for stabilized power supply |
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