JP5120681B1 - Anti-vibration boring bar - Google Patents

Anti-vibration boring bar Download PDF

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JP5120681B1
JP5120681B1 JP2012107076A JP2012107076A JP5120681B1 JP 5120681 B1 JP5120681 B1 JP 5120681B1 JP 2012107076 A JP2012107076 A JP 2012107076A JP 2012107076 A JP2012107076 A JP 2012107076A JP 5120681 B1 JP5120681 B1 JP 5120681B1
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vibration
main body
boring bar
shaft
body shank
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JP2013220526A (en
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正平 伊藤
史明 高橋
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イトウ・テクノ・オフィス株式会社
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Abstract

【課題】通常、ボーリングバー本体シャンク直径の、7倍程度の深さの穴加工になるとビビリ振動が発生し易く、特に内径30mm以下の穴加工は難しくなる。
そのために色々な防振工具が開発されてきたが、構造が複雑な物や高価な材料を利用した物が多く、極めて高価であり安価な工具が求められている。
【解決手段】ボーリングバー本体シャンクと、切り刃と一体となったシャフト、スリーブの3点からなる簡単な構造で、切削時の曲げ振動をねじり振動に換える事により、本体シャンクの振動を抑え、発生したねじり振動を動吸振器により抑制しようとするものである。
【選択図】図1
[PROBLEMS] Normally, chatter vibration is likely to occur when a hole having a depth of about seven times the diameter of a boring bar main body shank is formed, and drilling with an inner diameter of 30 mm or less is particularly difficult.
For this purpose, various anti-vibration tools have been developed. However, there are many products using complicated materials or expensive materials, and extremely expensive and inexpensive tools are required.
SOLUTION: A simple structure consisting of a boring bar main body shank, a shaft integrated with a cutting blade, and a sleeve. By changing the bending vibration at the time of cutting to torsion vibration, the vibration of the main body shank is suppressed. The generated torsional vibration is to be suppressed by the dynamic vibration absorber.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

旋盤等の工作機械に付帯する切削工具で中ぐり加工に使われるボーリングバーに関するものである。  The present invention relates to a boring bar used for boring with a cutting tool attached to a machine tool such as a lathe.

旋盤等で穴加工の際用いられるボーリングバーは穴径が細く、長い程加工時にビビリ振動が発生し易くなる。このビビリ振動が発生すると、ワーク加工面の仕上げ精度を低下させる。このため回転数や切り込み量、送り等の切削条件を、下げざるを得なくなる。それにより作業能率が著しく低下し、甚だしい時にはビビリ振動が激しくて加工出来なくなることもある。  A boring bar used for drilling on a lathe or the like has a narrow hole diameter, and chatter vibration is more likely to occur during machining. When this chatter vibration occurs, the finishing accuracy of the work surface is lowered. For this reason, cutting conditions such as the number of revolutions, the amount of cutting, and feed must be lowered. As a result, the work efficiency is remarkably reduced, and in severe cases, chatter vibrations are severe and the machining may become impossible.

そこでこのような場合はボーリングバー本体の剛性を上げるため、本体に超硬合金材を用いるとか、振動吸収材料を取り付けて動吸振器としてボーリングバーの振動を吸収する方法で、ビビリ振動の発生を防いだボーリングバーが使用されている。  In such cases, in order to increase the rigidity of the boring bar main body, the use of cemented carbide or a vibration absorbing material attached to the main body to absorb the vibration of the boring bar as a dynamic vibration absorber Prevented bowling bar is used.

特公平7−961617-96161

特開平7−290305JP-A-7-290305

ボーリングバーによる深穴の加工は、ビビリ振動が発生しやすく、特に本体径の7倍を超える深穴加工を精度良く、能率的に加工することは切削加工業界の永年の課題である。そのためビビリ振動の発生を抑えた、防振ボーリングバーが開発されてきた。図2に示す特許文献1のように動吸振器を利用したもの、図3に示す特許文献2のように本体にCFRP材料を利用するもの、又、図4に示す様に、本体を超硬一体にしたものがある。それらのボーリングバーは材料費や特殊構造製作費に費用がかかり高価なものとなる。  The drilling of deep holes with a boring bar is prone to chatter vibration, and in particular, it has been a long-standing problem in the cutting industry to accurately and efficiently process deep holes exceeding 7 times the diameter of the main body. For this reason, anti-vibration boring bars have been developed that suppress chatter vibrations. 2 using a dynamic vibration absorber as in Patent Document 1 shown in FIG. 2, using a CFRP material for the main body as shown in Patent Document 2 as shown in FIG. 3, and as shown in FIG. There is a unity. These boring bars are expensive due to the cost of material and special structure production.

本発明は、このような問題を解決するためになされたもので、簡単な構造で、ビビリ振動を抑え、加工精度と加工能率を向上させた、安価なボーリングバーを提供することを目的とする。  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide an inexpensive boring bar having a simple structure, suppressing chatter vibration, and improving machining accuracy and machining efficiency. .

上記問題を解決するため、本発明のボーリングバーでは、所定の突き出し量で固定される外径と同心の穴を有する軸状の鋼製本体シャンク部分と、突き出し端に切削チップを保持するヘッド部を有していて、本体シャンク開口穴に嵌合し、かつシャンク穴に挿入され穴底部とピン又はネジで固定されるシャフト部分がある。これによりヘッドはねじれ運動の自由度を有する。シャフト部分は穴内径よりも細く、したがってその空間にシャフト外径面とシャンク穴内径面に接する鋼と鉛で造られた筒状のスリーブ部品を装着する。スリーブ部品はシャフトに弾性的に固定されシャンク内径とは摩擦接触している。
以上の3個の主要な部品からなるボーリングバーにおいて、本体シャンクの曲げ剛性(あるいは固有振動数)に対して、シャフトのねじり剛性(あるいはねじり振動数)をある一定の比になるように各部寸法を設計する事により、ビビリ振動の元となる本体シャンクに作用する切削主分力等による曲げ振動要因を、ヘッドを有するシャフトのねじり振動要因に容易に転嫁させ、ねじり振動を誘導して本体シャンクの曲げ振動を抑制するものである。
シャンク部の1次の曲げ振動の固有角振動数は次式で表される。

Figure 0005120681
ここに、Eはヤング率、Iは断面二次モーメント、ρは密度,Aは断面積、Lは突き出量である。
一方、ヘッドを有するシャフトの1次のねじり振動の固有角振動数は次式で表される。
Figure 0005120681
ここに、Gは横弾性係数、Iは断面二次極モーメント、ρは密度、lはシャフトの長さ、Jはヘッド部の慣性モーメントである。
これらの比が実験的に得られた最適値λに一致するよう次の設計基準式に基づいて各部の寸法を決定するものである。
Figure 0005120681
この式を変形すれば、曲げ剛性EIとねじり剛性GIとの剛性比による設計基準式に直すことができる。その時の最適値をμで表すと、
Figure 0005120681
In order to solve the above problems, in the boring bar of the present invention, a shaft-shaped steel main body shank portion having a hole concentric with the outer diameter fixed at a predetermined protruding amount, and a head portion holding a cutting tip at the protruding end There is a shaft portion that fits into the main body shank opening hole, is inserted into the shank hole, and is fixed to the hole bottom portion with a pin or a screw. Thereby, the head has a degree of freedom of twisting motion. The shaft portion is thinner than the inner diameter of the hole. Therefore, a cylindrical sleeve part made of steel and lead in contact with the outer diameter surface of the shaft and the inner diameter surface of the shank hole is mounted in the space. The sleeve part is elastically fixed to the shaft and is in frictional contact with the inner diameter of the shank.
In the boring bar consisting of the above three main parts, the dimensions of each part are set so that the torsional rigidity (or torsional frequency) of the shaft becomes a certain ratio with respect to the bending rigidity (or natural frequency) of the main body shank. By designing the body shank, the bending vibration factor due to the main cutting force acting on the main body shank that causes chatter vibration is easily transferred to the torsional vibration factor of the shaft with the head, and the main body shank is induced. This suppresses the bending vibration.
The natural angular frequency of the primary bending vibration of the shank part is expressed by the following equation.
Figure 0005120681
Here, E is Young's modulus, I is the secondary moment of section, ρ is the density, A is the cross-sectional area, and L is the protrusion amount.
On the other hand, the natural angular frequency of the primary torsional vibration of the shaft having the head is expressed by the following equation.
Figure 0005120681
Here, G is the transverse elastic modulus, IP is the cross-sectional secondary pole moment, ρ t is the density, l is the length of the shaft, and J H is the moment of inertia of the head portion.
The dimensions of each part are determined based on the following design criteria so that these ratios agree with the optimum value λ 0 obtained experimentally.
Figure 0005120681
By deforming the equation, it is possible to fix the design criteria expression by the stiffness ratio of the flexural rigidity EI and torsional rigidity GI P. When the optimum value at that time is expressed by μ 0 ,
Figure 0005120681

又、スリーブ部品はシャフトに弾性的に固定されシャンク内径とは摩擦接触しており、誘発されたねじり振動は、スリーブの外周とシャンク穴内径との摩擦およびそれ自体の質量により、ねじり振動に抗した動きをする動吸振器として働き、減衰される。  The sleeve component is elastically fixed to the shaft and is in frictional contact with the shank inner diameter. The induced torsional vibration resists torsional vibration due to the friction between the outer periphery of the sleeve and the inner diameter of the shank hole and the mass of the sleeve itself. Acts as a dynamic vibration absorber that moves in a damped manner.

その上、3個の部品からなる簡単な構造のため、従来対応しにくかった小径加工用のボーリングバーにも対応し易く、したがって安価なものとなる。  In addition, because of the simple structure consisting of three parts, it is easy to cope with a boring bar for small-diameter machining, which has been difficult to cope with in the past, and is therefore inexpensive.

以上に述べたように、本発明に係るボーリングバーは、切削時に発生するビビリ振動の要因である曲げ振動をねじり振動へ誘導し、そのねじり振動を動吸振器により減衰させることによってビビリ振動を抑制する。その結果、特に30mm以下の穴加工においては、本体シャンク径の7倍までの深穴を切削速度140mから190mで、切り込み量0.1〜0.4mm、送り0.2mmでもビビリ振動を発生させることなく、加工精度を維持した切削ができる。この事は高価な防振ボーリングバーと大差のない効果が期待出来ることを意味している。  As described above, the boring bar according to the present invention suppresses chatter vibration by inducing bending vibration, which is a factor of chatter vibration generated during cutting, into torsional vibration and attenuating the torsional vibration with a dynamic vibration absorber. To do. As a result, particularly in drilling holes of 30 mm or less, chatter vibrations are generated even in deep holes up to 7 times the shank diameter of the main body at a cutting speed of 140 m to 190 m, a cutting depth of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, and a feed of 0.2 mm. Without cutting, the cutting accuracy can be maintained. This means that an effect similar to that of an expensive anti-vibration boring bar can be expected.

本発明の図面であって、全体の外観と一部破断面を表している。It is drawing of this invention, Comprising: The whole external appearance and a partial fracture surface are represented. 複雑な構造の動吸振器を取り付けて防振した例。Example of vibration isolation by installing a dynamic vibration absorber with a complicated structure. 防振材料のCFRPを利用した防振例。Anti-vibration example using CFRP as an anti-vibration material. 本体シャンクを超硬材にして、剛性を上げて防振しようとする例。An example in which the main body shank is made of super hard material and the vibration is improved by increasing the rigidity.

図1に基づき説明する。
図1の本ボーリングバーは鋼製本体シャンク2が旋盤等の工作機械のツールポストと称する工具保持具により、必要な加工穴の長さに充分に対応できる突き出し長さで固定される。この時、刃先チップの高さも回転中心高さにセットされる。荒加工時は切り込み量が多くなるため、切削速度は低めに設定され回転数は下げられる。仕上げ加工時は指定された面粗さを保つためと寸法精度を得るため、切り込み量を少なめに設定して加工を進める。刃先チップ5を介して加工の切削分力を受け、鋼製本体シャンクの曲げ剛性に対してある比率で低いねじり剛性を持ったシャフト1がピン4により本体シャンクに固定されている。これにより本体シャンクに作用する分力をシャフトの回転分力へと誘導する。切削分力の機械的仕事がねじり応力に転換されシャフトにねじり振動を誘発する。このシャフトのねじり振動が、突起を介してシャフトと弾性的に嵌合し外周に鉛を配して質量を増した筒状のスリーブ3の受動的吸振性能により振動エネルギーが吸収される。この事により鋼製の本体シャンクの曲げ振動は抑えられ、ビビリ振動が抑制される。
This will be described with reference to FIG.
In the boring bar of FIG. 1, the steel main body shank 2 is fixed by a tool holder called a tool post of a machine tool such as a lathe with a protruding length that can sufficiently correspond to the length of a required processing hole. At this time, the height of the cutting edge tip is also set to the rotational center height. Since the amount of cutting increases during rough machining, the cutting speed is set low and the rotational speed is lowered. At the time of finishing, in order to maintain the specified surface roughness and to obtain dimensional accuracy, the machining is performed with a small cutting amount. A shaft 1 having a torsional rigidity that is low in a certain ratio with respect to the bending rigidity of the steel main body shank is received on the main body shank by a pin 4 by receiving the cutting force of cutting through the cutting edge tip 5. Thereby, the component force acting on the main body shank is guided to the rotational component force of the shaft. The mechanical work of the cutting force is converted into torsional stress and induces torsional vibration on the shaft. The torsional vibration of the shaft absorbs vibration energy by the passive vibration absorption performance of the cylindrical sleeve 3 that is elastically fitted to the shaft via a protrusion and has lead arranged on the outer periphery to increase the mass. As a result, bending vibration of the steel main body shank is suppressed, and chatter vibration is suppressed.

本発明の防振ボーリングバーは安価に製作でき、切削加工業に容易に導入する事が可能である。    The anti-vibration boring bar of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost and can be easily introduced into the cutting industry.

1 ヘッドを有するシャフト
2 本体シャンク
3 スリーブ(動吸振器)
4 ピン
5 切削チップ
1 Shaft with head 2 Body shank 3 Sleeve (dynamic vibration absorber)
4 pin 5 cutting tip

Claims (2)

所定の突き出し量で固定される外径と同芯の穴を有する軸状の本体シャンク部と、突き出し端に切削チップを保持するヘッド部を有し、前記本体シャンク部の開口穴に嵌合し、かつその開口穴に挿入され、該開口穴の底部とピン又はネジで固定されるシャフト部とを備えた防振ボーリングバーであって、前記ヘッド部にシャフトを介してねじり運動の自由度を持たせることにより、切削加工時発生する曲げ振動をねじり振動へ誘導して曲げ振動を抑制することを特徴とする防振ボーリングバー。 A shaft-shaped main body shank part having a hole concentric with the outer diameter fixed at a predetermined protrusion amount, and a head part for holding a cutting tip at the protrusion end, and fitted into the opening hole of the main body shank part. And a vibration-proof boring bar that is inserted into the opening hole and has a shaft portion that is fixed to the bottom portion of the opening hole and a pin or a screw. The head portion has a degree of freedom of torsional motion via the shaft. by having vibration damping boring bar, characterized by suppressing the bending vibration induced to torsional bending vibration vibration generated during cutting. 前記本体シャンク部の穴内径面に接するように装着されたスリーブ部品を備え、前記スリーブ部品が突起を介して前記シャフト部と弾性的に嵌合される構造により、前記ねじり振動を吸収することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の防振ボーリングバー。 A sleeve component mounted so as to be in contact with the inner diameter surface of the hole of the main body shank portion, and the sleeve component is configured to be elastically fitted to the shaft portion via a protrusion to absorb the torsional vibration. The anti-vibration boring bar according to claim 1,
JP2012107076A 2012-04-17 2012-04-17 Anti-vibration boring bar Expired - Fee Related JP5120681B1 (en)

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CN106270590B (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-05-25 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of passive type damping boring bar and its best vibration damping property regulation method
CN106270591B (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-05-25 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of passive type damping boring bar

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0631509A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-02-08 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Turning tool
WO2006046789A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Vision Inno-Tech Corp. Precision machining tool using composite material
JP2007290047A (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd Vibration-proof tool

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0631509A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-02-08 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Turning tool
WO2006046789A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Vision Inno-Tech Corp. Precision machining tool using composite material
JP2007290047A (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd Vibration-proof tool

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