JP5099709B2 - Construction method of managed revetment - Google Patents

Construction method of managed revetment Download PDF

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JP5099709B2
JP5099709B2 JP2008300261A JP2008300261A JP5099709B2 JP 5099709 B2 JP5099709 B2 JP 5099709B2 JP 2008300261 A JP2008300261 A JP 2008300261A JP 2008300261 A JP2008300261 A JP 2008300261A JP 5099709 B2 JP5099709 B2 JP 5099709B2
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revetment
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多克 和木
正美 折笠
充 野々田
隆彦 伊藤
勝夫 松崎
浩 中野
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Nippon Road Co Ltd
Taisei Rotec Corp
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Description

本発明は、海底地盤の上にケーソン等の既製の構造体を据付けて、埋め立て区画を構築するに際して、前記海底地盤内部と、構造物と海底地盤との間での遮水性を良好に発揮可能にする管理型護岸の構築法に関する。   In the present invention, when building a landfill section by installing a ready-made structure such as a caisson on the seabed ground, it is possible to satisfactorily exhibit water shielding between the inside of the seabed ground and between the structure and the seabed ground. It relates to the construction method of management type revetment.

廃棄物を海に埋め立てるために、埋立地を仕切ってその周囲を囲むように護岸を構築するに際しては、従来より海底地盤表面上に、捨石を所定の高さに積み上げた基礎マウンドを構築し、その基礎マウンドの上にケーソン等の構造体を据付けて構築している。
そして、前記護岸で囲まれる内側の内水面に廃棄物等を投棄して埋め立てし、埋め立て後の表面に所定の厚さで土を盛り、新たな陸地を造成して公園等の新たな需要に供することができる。また、前記護岸により仕切られた埋立地においては、護岸の内外に水が流通することを防止する手段を用いる必要があり、そのために、護岸の内側の基礎マウンドと海底地盤の表面に、遮水シートや遮水マット類を隙間なく敷設することや、ケーソン間の目地部を遮水処理する等の手段が用いられている(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。
特開2001−152425号公報
In order to reclaim waste in the sea, when building a revetment that partitions the landfill and surrounds it, a foundation mound is built on the surface of the seabed, and rubble is piled up to a specified height. A structure such as caisson is installed on the foundation mound.
Then, wastes are dumped and landfilled on the inner water surface surrounded by the revetment, and the land after the landfill is filled with a predetermined thickness to create new land to meet new demands such as parks. Can be provided. In addition, in landfills partitioned by the revetment, it is necessary to use means for preventing water from flowing in and out of the revetment. For this reason, the surface of the foundation mound and the submarine ground inside the revetment is impermeable. Means such as laying sheets and water-impervious mats without gaps and water-insulating joints between caissons are used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-152425 A

ところが、従来の遮水シートや遮水マット類を敷設して、護岸の内外に水の流通を阻止する遮水処理方法を適用する場合に、基礎マウンドの表面に敷設する遮水シート類等が、ケーソン側と海底地盤側との両方の端部で隙間が生じないように処理できないことが多くある。特に、近年では、水深が10m以上の海域を対象として廃棄物埋め立て処分場を確保することも多くあり、そのような大水深の海域では、遮水シート類を隙間なく敷設する等の、遮水処理を行う工事でも多くの問題が出現している。また、護岸本体工として基礎マウンドの上にケーソンを据付けする場合には、前記基礎マウンドの石の間、または、前記ケーソンを据え付ける海底地盤の砂やシルト等の透水性地層を通って、仕切護岸の内外部の間で水が流通することは避けられない。その他に、海底地盤の遮水処理を良好に行った場合でも、ケーソンの下面と基礎マウンドの間での遮水処理が不完全な場合があり、埋立地に溜まった保有水が外洋に漏れ出す等の問題が生じやすい。   However, when applying a water-impervious treatment method that lays out conventional water-impervious sheets and water-impervious mats and blocks the flow of water to and from the revetment, In many cases, processing cannot be performed so that no gap is generated at both ends of the caisson side and the seabed side. In particular, in recent years, there are many cases of securing landfill disposal sites for sea areas with a water depth of 10 m or more. In such deep water areas, water shielding sheets such as laying water shielding sheets without any gaps are provided. Many problems also appear in the construction work. When caisson is installed on the foundation mound as a revetment main body, the partition revetment passes between the stones of the foundation mound or through a water-permeable stratum such as sand or silt on the seabed where the caisson is installed. It is inevitable that water will circulate between the inside and outside. In addition, even when the seabed ground is well sealed, there may be incomplete water shielding between the bottom surface of the caisson and the foundation mound, and the water retained in the landfill will leak into the open ocean. Etc. are likely to occur.

さらに、前記海底地盤が透水性の小さな土質である場合の他に、透水係数の小さな岩盤の場合でも、前記ケーソンの下面と岩盤との間から水が流通することがあり、そのような工事現場での遮水処理にも解決を要する問題が多く残っている。その他に、既設の防波堤等を仕切護岸として用い、港の内部を廃棄物処分場として利用することが提案されているところもある。ところが、そのような既設の港湾を処分場として利用する場合には、基礎マウンドと海底地盤の双方と、既設のケーソンの目地間に隙間が多くあったり、比較的透水性を有するものである場合が多くあり、その既設の構造物に対して遮水処理を行う経費が、仕切護岸を新設する場合と比較して安くならないことがあり、より有効な工事方法が模索されているのが現状である。   Furthermore, in addition to the case where the submarine ground is a soil having a small water permeability, even in the case of a rock having a small permeability, water may circulate between the lower surface of the caisson and the rock, such a construction site. There are still many problems that need to be solved in the water shielding treatment in the area. In addition, there are proposals to use existing breakwaters as partition revetments and the inside of the port as a waste disposal site. However, when such an existing port is used as a disposal site, there are many gaps between the foundation mound and the submarine ground, and the joints of the existing caisson, or they are relatively permeable. There are many cases, and the cost of water shielding treatment for the existing structures may not be cheap compared to the case of newly building a partition revetment, and more effective construction methods are currently being sought. is there.

本発明は、前記廃棄物海面処分場の管理型廃棄物埋立護岸での遮水処理を有効に行い得て、仕切護岸と基礎マウンドと下部の海底地盤とを、信頼性の高い遮水部として構築する方法を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention can effectively perform water shielding treatment at the management-type waste landfill revetment of the waste sea surface disposal site, and the partition revetment, the foundation mound, and the bottom seabed as a highly reliable water shielding portion. It aims to provide a way to build.

本発明は、所定の広さの海域を囲うように仕切護岸を構築し、廃棄物を投棄する区画を構築する管理型護岸に関し、前記仕切護岸の構造体を支持する海底地盤には、その地質に応じて遮水性を改善する処理を行い、前記地盤の上に列状に並べて構築する前記構造体の列では、前記構造体のそれぞれの接続部に遮水処理を施工して、前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列とその下の地盤改良を行った地盤とを一体化した遮水壁とし、廃棄物を投棄する区画を外海から区画して囲むように構築する管理型護岸の構築法に関する。
請求項1の発明は、前記仕切護岸の構造体を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を容易に通す砂質土のようなところでは、前記構造体を支持する地盤の所定の範囲を、不透水層とする地盤改良処理を施してから、前記地盤改良部に構造体を列状に並べて構築する位置に溝部を施工し、前記溝部内に前記構造体を支持させるための支持部材を配置してから、前記支持部材の上に前記構造体を列状に並べて構築し、
前記溝部内に遮水材を充満させる処理を行なって、前記溝部の中に位置する前記構造物の基部を埋めるとともに、前記列設する個々の構造体の間にも遮水処理を施し、前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする。
The present invention relates to a management-type revetment for constructing a partition revetment so as to surround a sea area of a predetermined area and constructing a section for dumping waste, and the submarine ground supporting the structure of the partition revetment has its geology In accordance with the structure, in the row of the structures that are constructed in a row on the ground, water barrier treatment is applied to each connection portion of the structure, and the partition revetment The construction method of the management type revetment which makes the impermeable wall which integrated the row | line | column of the said structure and the ground which carried out the ground improvement below, and is constructed so that the division which dumps waste may be divided and enclosed from the open sea .
According to the invention of claim 1, when the geology of the seabed ground for constructing the structure of the partition revetment is sandy soil through which water easily passes, a predetermined range of the ground supporting the structure is not allowed. After performing the ground improvement process to be a water permeable layer, construct a groove at a position where the structures are arranged in a row in the ground improvement part, and arrange a support member for supporting the structure in the groove. And then constructing the structures in a row on the support member,
Performing a treatment to fill the groove with a water shielding material, filling the base of the structure located in the groove, and performing a water shielding treatment between the individual structures to be arranged, It is characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row of the structures of the partition revetment and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer.

請求項2の発明は、廃棄物を投棄するために、所定の広さの海域を囲うように構築する仕切護岸において、その基礎を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を通さないが、掘削可能な地盤のところでは、
前記仕切護岸を構築する前記海底地盤に所定の巾と深さで溝部を掘削して、次に列設する構造体を支持するための支持部材を前記溝部内に配置する処理を施してから、前記溝部内に構造体を列設し、
前記溝部内の空隙部に遮水材を充満させて、前記構造体の基部と地盤とを一体の遮水層とする処理を行うとともに、前記列設した個々の構造体の間にも遮水処理をそれぞれ施工し、
前記列設した構造体の下部分と溝部内に生じる空隙部分、および前記地盤上に列設する構造体の接続部分の各々の空隙部分を埋めるように遮水処理を施し、前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする。
The invention of claim 2 is a partition revetment constructed so as to surround a sea area of a predetermined area in order to dump waste, but the geology of the submarine ground that constructs the foundation does not pass water, but excavation is possible On a rough ground,
After excavating a groove portion with a predetermined width and depth in the submarine ground for constructing the partition revetment, and then performing a process of arranging a support member for supporting the structures to be arranged in the groove portion, A structure is arranged in the groove,
The gap in the groove is filled with a water shielding material so that the base of the structure and the ground are made into an integral water shielding layer, and water is also blocked between the individual structures arranged in the row. Install each treatment,
Water shielding treatment is performed so as to fill each gap portion of the lower portion of the lined structure and the gap part formed in the groove part, and the connection part of the structure lined on the ground, and the partition wall It is characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row of structures and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer.

請求項3の発明は、廃棄物を投棄するために、所定の広さの海域を囲うように構築する仕切護岸において、前記仕切護岸を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を通さないが硬くて掘削が困難な岩盤のところでは、
前記構造体を列設して護岸を構築する前記海底地盤上に、前記構造体を位置させる部分の内海側と外海側の両側に、所定の間隔をおいて仕切部材を列状にそれぞれ構築して、前記2列の仕切部材の列の間に設けた溝部状の区画を、構造体を設置する溝部とし、
前記溝部の区画内に前記構造体を列状に並べて、各構造体の間に遮水処理を施工して護岸を構築するとともに、前記2列の仕切部材の間に区画された溝部内に遮水材を充満させて、前記構造体の基部を地盤と一体の不透水層とする処理を行なうもので、
前記構造体の下部分と溝部内に生じる空隙部分、および前記地盤上に列設する構造体の接続部分の各々の空隙部分を埋めるように遮水処理を施し、前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする。
The invention of claim 3 is a partition revetment constructed so as to surround a sea area of a predetermined area in order to dump waste, and the geology of the submarine ground that constructs the partition revetment is impermeable to water but hard. In places where rock excavation is difficult,
On the seabed ground where the structures are lined up to construct the revetment, partition members are constructed in rows at predetermined intervals on both the inner sea side and the outer sea side of the portion where the structure is located. Then, the groove-like section provided between the rows of the two rows of partition members is used as a groove for installing the structure,
The structures are arranged in a row in the section of the groove, and a water barrier is constructed between the structures to construct a bank protection, and the structure is shielded in the groove defined between the two rows of partition members. Filling the water material, the base of the structure is treated as an impermeable layer integral with the ground,
Water shielding treatment is performed so as to fill each gap portion of the lower portion of the structure and the gap portion formed in the groove portion, and the connection portion of the structure arranged on the ground, and the structure of the partition revetment It is characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer.

前述したようにして、ケーソンのような既成の構造物を用いて、所定の範囲の海域を囲むように列状に設置して、仕切護岸を構築するに際して、支持基礎となる海底地盤の透水係数を小さな値とする不透水性地盤改良工事を施工するとともに、ケーソンの下部と前記支持基礎となる不透水性地盤改良部等の間に遮水材の層を設けることにより遮水することができる。そして、前記既成の構造物としてのケーソン下部と不透水性地盤改良部との間に、流動性の大きな遮水材を充満させることで、隙間を生じない遮水層を構築することにより、遮水処理を容易に行い得て、仕切護岸の信頼性を向上させることができる。また、前記護岸を構築する海底地盤が、透水係数の小さな岩盤である場合にも、据付けるケーソンの基部と前記海底地盤の間に、遮水材料の層を所定の厚さで構築するのみで、遮水性を良好に発揮できる。さらに、前記護岸の設置場所の地盤の地質等に応じて、ケーソン等の下部に所定の高さの遮水性混合物層を構築するために、任意の手段を用いることが可能であり、その護岸の基部に対する遮水処理を容易に行うことが可能となる。   As described above, the permeability coefficient of the submarine ground that serves as the support base when building a partition revetment using a prefabricated structure such as a caisson in a row surrounding a predetermined area of the sea. In addition to constructing the impermeable ground improvement work with a small value, it is possible to provide water shielding by providing a layer of a water shielding material between the lower part of the caisson and the impermeable ground improving part as the support base. . Then, by filling a water-impermeable material having high fluidity between the caisson lower part and the impermeable ground improvement part as the above-mentioned existing structure, a water-insulating layer that does not generate a gap is constructed. Water treatment can be easily performed, and the reliability of the partition revetment can be improved. Moreover, even when the seabed ground for constructing the revetment is a rock with a small hydraulic conductivity, it is only necessary to construct a layer of a water shielding material with a predetermined thickness between the base of the caisson to be installed and the seabed ground. , Can exhibit good water barrier properties. Furthermore, according to the geology of the ground at the place where the revetment is installed, any means can be used to construct a water-impervious mixture layer having a predetermined height in the lower part of the caisson, etc. It becomes possible to easily perform the water shielding treatment on the base.

図示される例にしたがって、管理型護岸の構築法を説明する。一般的な管理型廃棄物埋立護岸は、図1に示されるように、海底地盤1の上に構築する護岸の荷重が作用する所定の区域に対して、地盤を改良する工事を施工した地盤改良部4を構築し、前記地盤改良部4の上にケーソンのような既製の構造体を設置して、海洋構造物10を構築している。ところが、前記海洋構造物10を構築する地盤の地質が、強固で透水係数の小さな岩盤ではなく、砂層等のように、透水係数が大きい堆積層3である場合が多くある。   The construction method of the management type revetment will be described according to the example shown in the figure. As shown in Fig. 1, a general management-type waste landfill revetment is a ground improvement that has been constructed to improve the ground in a predetermined area where the load of the revetment built on the submarine ground 1 acts. The marine structure 10 is constructed by constructing the part 4 and installing a ready-made structure such as caisson on the ground improvement part 4. However, the geology of the ground for constructing the offshore structure 10 is often a sedimentary layer 3 having a high hydraulic conductivity, such as a sand layer, rather than a rock having a strong and low hydraulic conductivity.

そこで、前記堆積層3の上にケーソン11等による海洋構造物10を構築するに際しては、図示するように、構造物10の構築区域を含む所定の巾に亘って、地盤改良工事を施工して不透水性地盤改良部4を構築する。前記地盤改良部4としては、従来より一般に行われているように、堆積層3の土にセメント等の硬化材を混合する等の、透水係数を小さな値とする改良工事を施工する。なお、前記地盤改良部4を施工するに際しては、ケーソン11を設置する下部の部分に対しては、後で土を除去してケーソン11の基部を位置させる掘削溝部5を設ける必要があるために、前記掘削溝部5に対応する部分には硬化材を混入せずに、未処理部分として残す。   Therefore, when constructing the offshore structure 10 by the caisson 11 or the like on the sedimentary layer 3, as shown in the drawing, ground improvement work is performed over a predetermined width including the construction area of the structure 10. The impermeable ground improvement part 4 is constructed. As the ground improvement portion 4, as is generally done conventionally, improvement work is performed to make the hydraulic conductivity a small value, such as mixing a hardener such as cement with the soil of the accumulation layer 3. In addition, when constructing the ground improvement portion 4, it is necessary to provide the excavation groove portion 5 that later removes the soil and positions the base portion of the caisson 11 in the lower portion where the caisson 11 is installed. The hardened material is not mixed in the portion corresponding to the excavation groove portion 5 and is left as an untreated portion.

また、前記地盤改良部4を施工するに際して、前記地盤が堆積土のような軟弱な地盤である場合等には、前記地盤に多数の遮水性を発揮する杭を連続して打設した遮水壁を施工することも可能である。前記遮水性を発揮する杭壁を構築するに際しては、地盤中に垂直にケーシングを打ち込み、アスファルトまたはセメントを混合した砂等を投下して硬化させて、不透水性を発揮できる杭を構築する方法も提案されている。そして、前記遮水性の杭を隣接させて列状に構築して、所定の厚さを有する壁状の遮水壁を構築することができる。   Further, when the ground improvement portion 4 is constructed, when the ground is soft ground such as sedimentary soil, etc., a water shielding structure in which piles that exhibit a number of water shielding properties are continuously placed on the ground. It is also possible to construct a wall. When constructing a pile wall that exhibits the water-impervious property, a method of constructing a pile that can exhibit impermeability by driving a casing vertically into the ground and dropping and hardening sand mixed with asphalt or cement. Has also been proposed. And the said water-impervious pile can be made to adjoin, and it can construct | assemble in a line shape, and can construct the wall-shaped impermeable wall which has predetermined | prescribed thickness.

前記地盤改良部4を施工する深さは、望ましくは不透水層としての岩盤2まで達するようにすれば良いことは勿論であり、上部に設置されるケーソン11等の厚さに対応させた任意の巾で施工することにより、海底地盤を通って海洋構造物10により仕切られた内外の海域の水が流通しないように遮断する。前記地盤改良部4を施工した後で、ケーソン11を設置するために、地盤改良部4の未処理部分の土を除去して、掘削溝部5を構築し、前記掘削溝部5の溝の表面に捨て石等を所定の厚さで敷き込み、基礎石層6を構築する。次いで、前記基礎石層6の表面を均してから、基礎石の空隙および基礎石層の表面を覆うように、遮水材もしくはアスファルト混合物の遮水層を施工して遮水処理を行い、その後にケーソン11を設置し、隣接するケーソン11の間に遮水処理を施すとともに、遮水シート15等を敷設して遮水を行うことで、二重の遮水が確保される。   Of course, the depth at which the ground improvement portion 4 is constructed preferably reaches the bedrock 2 as an impermeable layer, and any depth corresponding to the thickness of the caisson 11 or the like installed in the upper part. Is constructed so that the water in the sea area inside and outside partitioned by the marine structure 10 does not flow through the seabed ground. After installing the ground improvement part 4, in order to install the caisson 11, the soil of the untreated part of the ground improvement part 4 is removed to construct the excavation groove part 5, and on the surface of the groove of the excavation groove part 5 A foundation stone layer 6 is constructed by laying a discarded stone or the like with a predetermined thickness. Then, after leveling the surface of the foundation stone layer 6, a water shielding layer of a water shielding material or an asphalt mixture is applied to cover the voids of the foundation stone and the surface of the foundation stone layer, and a water shielding treatment is performed. After that, the caisson 11 is installed, the water shielding treatment is performed between the adjacent caissons 11, and the water shielding sheet 15 or the like is laid to perform the water shielding, thereby ensuring double water shielding.

前記ケーソン11の下部に対する遮水工としては、掘削溝部5の内部に流動性の大きいアスファルト混合物を打設することにより施工するもので、前記掘削溝部5の両側から加熱して流動性の大きいアスファルト混合物を流し込むようにすることもできる。そして、その混合物の流動性が大きいことにより、基礎石層6の隙間にも流動物が入り込み、基礎石層6を形成する石の間にも隙間が残らないように充満される。なお、前記ケーソンの巾が大きく、アスファルト混合物を基礎の横部から流し込むのみでは、ケーソンの下部にまで十分に充満されない場合には、前述したように、基礎石層に対してアスファルト混合物を施工して遮水処理を行うことができる。   As a water barrier for the lower part of the caisson 11, it is constructed by placing an asphalt mixture having a high fluidity in the inside of the excavation groove 5, and asphalt having a high fluidity by heating from both sides of the excavation groove 5. The mixture can also be poured. And since the fluidity | liquidity of the mixture is large, a fluid enters also into the clearance gap between the foundation stone layers 6, and it is filled so that a clearance gap does not remain between the stones which form the foundation stone layer 6. FIG. If the width of the caisson is large and the asphalt mixture is not sufficiently filled just by pouring from the side of the foundation, the asphalt mixture is applied to the foundation stone layer as described above. Water shielding treatment can be performed.

その他に、基礎石層に代えて水中コンクリートを打設することや、アスファルトマットを敷設すること、アスファルト混合物を所定の厚さに打設して遮水層を設けた上に、ケーソンを構築する工法等を用いても良い。また、前記掘削した溝の内部では、地盤の壁とケーソンとの間にアスファルト混合物層20が充満されるので、透水係数を小さくする地盤改良を行った地盤改良部4とともに、不透水性を有するアスファルト混合物層20を組み合わせて、ケーソンの下部での遮水性を良好に発揮できるようにする。   In addition, constructing caisson after placing underwater concrete instead of foundation stone layer, laying asphalt mat, placing asphalt mixture to a prescribed thickness and providing a water shielding layer A construction method or the like may be used. Moreover, since the asphalt mixture layer 20 is filled between the ground wall and the caisson, the inside of the excavated groove has water impermeability together with the ground improvement portion 4 which has been subjected to ground improvement to reduce the water permeability coefficient. The asphalt mixture layer 20 is combined so that the water barrier at the lower part of the caisson can be exhibited well.

前記図1に示す例では、前記アスファルト混合物層20を掘削溝部5に充填し、ケーソン11間の遮水工を施工した後で、ケーソン11の陸側に遮水シート15を施工し、その遮水シート15の下部をアスファルト混合物層20の上に所定の長さで延長して、地盤上に押さえ層16を施工して、さらに、遮水シート15の端部にアスファルトブロック16aを所定の大きさに設けて、遮水シートの先端部を保持させるようにしている。前記押さえ層16と端部ブロック16aとしては、任意の厚さのアスファルトマットを敷設することや、アスファルト混合物を打設して構築することもでき、それによって、遮水シート15の下部に水が通る隙間が生じないようにする。また、海洋構造物10の海側には、ケーソンを据え付ける際の案内部材としての端部ブロック7と盛土層8を設けているが、そのような補助手段は必ずしも必要なものではない。   In the example shown in FIG. 1, the asphalt mixture layer 20 is filled in the excavation groove portion 5 and a water shielding work between the caissons 11 is performed. The lower part of the water sheet 15 is extended on the asphalt mixture layer 20 by a predetermined length, the pressing layer 16 is constructed on the ground, and an asphalt block 16a is further formed at the end of the water shielding sheet 15 by a predetermined size. The tip of the water-impervious sheet is held. The pressing layer 16 and the end block 16a can be constructed by laying an asphalt mat having an arbitrary thickness or by placing an asphalt mixture, so that water is formed in the lower part of the water shielding sheet 15. Make sure there are no gaps. Moreover, although the edge part block 7 and the embankment layer 8 as a guide member at the time of installing a caisson are provided in the sea side of the offshore structure 10, such an auxiliary means is not necessarily required.

前記海洋構造物10を構築するケーソン11は、所定の高さ、厚さと長さを有するものを複数並べて構築し、埋立地の周囲の仕切りを構築する。前記ケーソンとして説明している既製の構造体としては、コンクリート製のブロック状のもの、または鋼製や、鋼製の本体の表面にコンクリートを所定の厚さで被覆した、いわゆるハイブリッドケーソンと呼ばれるものや、セル等の任意の大きさに製造したものを構造体として用いることができる。また、前記ケーソン11の間(目地間)での遮水をするための目地遮水処理部12は、図2、3に示すような、従来より用いられている工法を用いることができる。   The caisson 11 for constructing the offshore structure 10 is constructed by arranging a plurality of things having a predetermined height, thickness and length, and constructing a partition around the landfill. The ready-made structure described as the caisson is a concrete block-like structure, or a so-called hybrid caisson in which the surface of the main body made of steel or steel is coated with a predetermined thickness. Or what was manufactured in arbitrary sizes, such as a cell, can be used as a structure. Moreover, the joint water-impervious treatment part 12 for water-blocking between the caisson 11 (between joints) can use the construction method conventionally used as shown in FIG.

前記図2、3に示す目地遮水処理部12としては、ケーソン11、11の間に、所定の間隔をおいてゴム等で略筒状に構成したシール部材13を配置し、そのシール部材13、13aの間の空間部にアスファルト混合物を充填して、アスファルト充填層14を構築するまた、前記シール部材13aの外側には、任意の型枠を配置して、コンクリート等の固化材の層14a、を構築する。なお、前記シール部材13、13aの内部にも、必要に応じてアスファルト混合物や砂等を充満させて、シール部材13が潰れないようにするが、前記目地遮水処理部12としては、前述したような方法を用いる他に、従来公知の目地遮水工を適用することも可能である。   As the joint water-impervious treatment portion 12 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a seal member 13 configured in a substantially cylindrical shape with rubber or the like is disposed between the caissons 11 and 11 at a predetermined interval. , 13a is filled with an asphalt mixture to construct an asphalt filling layer 14, and an arbitrary formwork is disposed outside the sealing member 13a to form a solidified material layer 14a such as concrete. Build up. In addition, the inside of the sealing members 13 and 13a is also filled with asphalt mixture, sand, or the like as necessary so that the sealing member 13 is not crushed. In addition to using such a method, it is also possible to apply a conventionally known joint impervious work.

前記構造物を設置する溝の内部の地盤(表面)上には、前記基礎石層を構築せずに、遮水性を有するマットを敷設すること、またはアスファルト混合物や水中コンクリートを所定の厚さで打設して、遮水性を発揮可能な遮水体を構築して、不透水性の地盤と遮水体との間での遮水性を持たせることも可能である。そして、前記遮水体の上にケーソンを据付けてから、アスファルト混合物を打設してケーソンの基部を覆うようにし、構造物と遮水性(不透水性)地盤との間での遮水処理を施すことも可能である。   On the ground (surface) inside the groove where the structure is to be installed, a mat having a water-impervious property is laid without constructing the foundation stone layer, or asphalt mixture and underwater concrete with a predetermined thickness. It is also possible to construct a water-impervious body that can exhibit water-impervious property and to provide water-impervious property between the impermeable ground and the water-impervious member. And after installing a caisson on the said water-impervious body, an asphalt mixture is laid to cover the base of the caisson, and a water-impervious treatment is performed between the structure and the water-impervious (impermeable) ground. It is also possible.

前記図1に説明した実施例は、海底地盤1が不透水層としての岩盤2の上に、堆積層としての堆積層3が砂やシルトの層として存在する場合を例にしているものである。これに対して、非常に強固で透水係数の小さなな岩盤2の上に、直接ケーソン11等を設置して海洋構造物10を構築する場合もある。図4、5に示す例は、前記強固で透水性の小さな岩盤2の上にケーソン11を設置する場合の、地盤とケーソンの下部との間での遮水工を説明している。図4に示すように、岩盤2が比較的容易に掘削可能な場合には、岩盤2に対して所定の深さと巾を有する掘削溝部5aを、任意の掘削手段を用いて構築する。そして、前記掘削溝部5aの底面に所定の厚さで基礎石層6を施工してから、その上にケーソン11を載置し、掘削溝部5a内部の隙間(空間部)にアスファルト混合物を充填して、アスファルト混合物層20を構築してから、隣接するケーソン11の間に前記目地遮水処理部を各々施工して遮水処理を行う。   The embodiment described in FIG. 1 is an example in which the seabed 1 is on the rock 2 as the impermeable layer and the sedimentary layer 3 as the sedimentary layer is present as a sand or silt layer. . On the other hand, the offshore structure 10 may be constructed by installing the caisson 11 or the like directly on the rock mass 2 having a very strong and low hydraulic conductivity. The examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a water-impervious work between the ground and the lower part of the caisson when the caisson 11 is installed on the rock bed 2 that is strong and has a small water permeability. As shown in FIG. 4, when the rock mass 2 can be excavated relatively easily, the excavation groove portion 5 a having a predetermined depth and width with respect to the rock mass 2 is constructed using an arbitrary excavation means. And after constructing the foundation stone layer 6 by the predetermined thickness on the bottom face of the said excavation groove part 5a, the caisson 11 is mounted on it and the asphalt mixture is filled into the clearance gap (space part) inside the excavation groove part 5a. Then, after the asphalt mixture layer 20 is constructed, the joint water-impervious treatment portions are respectively constructed between the adjacent caissons 11 to perform the water-impervious treatment.

また、前記図4のように、岩盤に溝部を掘削して構築することが困難である場合には、図5に示すように、ケーソン11を設置する部分の両側(内外海域の両側)に、所定の高さと巾を有する端部ブロック21、21aを配置して、前記端部ブロックの間にアスファルト混合物を充満させることが可能である。前記アスファルト混合物層20は、端部ブロック21と同じ高さに施工して、ケーソン11の基部を所定の高さまで埋没させるようにする。前記端部ブロックとしては、例えば、型枠を組んだ間に水中コンクリートを打設する等の工法を用いることにより、容易に岩盤2上に構築可能であり、その他に、比較的大きなコンクリートブロックを陸上で構築構築したものを、台船により搬送して所定の海域に沈設することによっても、前記端部ブロック21として構築することができる。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, when it is difficult to excavate and construct a groove in the rock, as shown in FIG. 5, on both sides of the part where the caisson 11 is installed (on both sides of the inner and outer sea areas) It is possible to arrange end blocks 21 and 21a having a predetermined height and width and to fill the asphalt mixture between the end blocks. The asphalt mixture layer 20 is constructed at the same height as the end block 21 so that the base of the caisson 11 is buried to a predetermined height. The end block can be easily constructed on the bedrock 2 by using a construction method such as placing underwater concrete while assembling the formwork. It is also possible to construct the end block 21 by constructing and constructing the land on the land by using a carriage and sinking it in a predetermined sea area.

前述したように、前記端部ブロック21、21aの間で、ケーソン11の基部の両側面と下面とを覆うようにアスファルト混合物層20を施工することにより、前記端部ブロック21とケーソン11とをアスファルト混合物層20を介して一体化することができる。そして、前記ケーソンの基部をアスファルト混合物により強固に支持することにより、護岸に対して波浪の衝撃が加えられた場合にも、前記ケーソンと端部ブロックとを一体化して、海洋構造物を保持する作用を良好に発揮できる。   As described above, the end block 21 and the caisson 11 are formed by applying the asphalt mixture layer 20 between the end blocks 21 and 21a so as to cover both side surfaces and the lower surface of the base of the caisson 11. It can be integrated through the asphalt mixture layer 20. The caisson base is firmly supported by the asphalt mixture, so that the caisson and the end block are integrated to hold the marine structure even when a wave impact is applied to the revetment. The effect can be exhibited well.

なお、前記図4、5に説明したように、強固な岩盤2の上にケーソンを設置する工事を行うに際して、前記岩盤2の表面が平らではないことから、ケーソン11の下部に対応させて基礎石層6を構築して、その表面をほぼ平らに均してから、ケーソン11を設置する工法を用いることができる。したがって、ケーソンの下部に基礎石層を構築してから、アスファルト混合物を施工する場合にも、流動性の大きなアスファルト混合物が基礎石層6の石の間にも入り込んで、岩盤2の表面とケーソン11の間にも、遮水性を良好に発揮できるものとなる。また、岩盤の上にアスファルト混合物を所定の厚さに施工してから、ケーソンまたは端部ブロックを載置し、その後に、アスファルト混合物層20を溝の中に施工する方法を用いても良い。   4 and 5, when the caisson is installed on the strong rock mass 2, the surface of the rock mass 2 is not flat. A construction method in which the caisson 11 is installed after the stone layer 6 is constructed and the surface thereof is almost flattened can be used. Therefore, even when the asphalt mixture is constructed after the foundation stone layer is constructed at the bottom of the caisson, the highly fluid asphalt mixture also enters between the stones of the foundation stone layer 6, and the surface of the bedrock 2 and the caisson 11, the water shielding property can be satisfactorily exhibited. Alternatively, a method may be used in which the asphalt mixture is applied to the bedrock to a predetermined thickness, and then the caisson or the end block is placed, and then the asphalt mixture layer 20 is applied in the groove.

前述したような海洋構造物を構築するに際して、前記堆積層3における透水性を改善して、掘削溝部5にケーソンを設置し、ケーソンの間の目地遮水処理部とケーソン下部でのアスファルト混合物層20を施工したのみでは、海洋構造物の強度が十分でないことが想定される。そのように、地盤の強度が、仕切護岸内部に埋め立てた廃棄物の圧力と、波浪の圧力に対して、十分な強度を発揮できないときには、図6に示すように、補助強化手段を追加して設けることもある。前記補助強化手段を施工する場合には、例えば、ケーソン11の一方の側に、所定の間隔をおいて鋼製矢板(鋼矢板、鋼管矢板、鋼製箱型矢板、鋼製H型矢板等を総称する)を列状に打設してパイル壁25を構築し、タイロッドのような接続具26を用いてケーソンと接続する。そして、前記パイル壁25を構成する鋼製矢板の接続部に対して公知の遮水処理を行い、鉛直な遮水壁を構築する。さらに、前記パイル壁25とケーソン11の間の空間部に、透水係数の小さな充填物層を構築することによって、より一層の遮水性質を発揮させることになり、ケーソンと複合して遮水性をより良好に維持できるものとなる。   When constructing the marine structure as described above, the water permeability in the sedimentary layer 3 is improved, a caisson is installed in the excavation groove 5, and the joint water-impervious treatment part between the caisson and the asphalt mixture layer in the lower part of the caisson It is assumed that the strength of the offshore structure is not sufficient only by constructing 20. As shown in FIG. 6, when the strength of the ground is not sufficient for the pressure of the waste buried in the partition revetment and the pressure of the waves, an auxiliary strengthening means is added as shown in FIG. May be provided. When constructing the auxiliary reinforcing means, for example, on one side of the caisson 11, a steel sheet pile (steel sheet pile, steel pipe sheet pile, steel box sheet pile, steel H-type sheet pile, etc.) is provided. The pile wall 25 is constructed by placing them in a row and connected to the caisson using a connecting tool 26 such as a tie rod. And the well-known water-impervious process is performed with respect to the connection part of the steel sheet pile which comprises the said pile wall 25, and a vertical water-impervious wall is constructed | assembled. Further, by constructing a filler layer having a small water permeability coefficient in the space between the pile wall 25 and the caisson 11, a further water-insulating property can be exhibited. It can be maintained better.

前記充填物27としては、建築廃材等のように、有害物が水にとけて流出しない性質を有するものを用いることが可能であり、例えば、コンクリート残骸等の腐食しない性質を持つ材料を用いると良い。その他に、建築地盤を掘削した土(残土)や、その他の土状のものを投棄して、隙間が生じないように圧密する(締め固める)等して充填することもできる。なお、前記ケーソン11の陸側にパイル壁25を構築して、埋立地の遮水性をより良好に発揮させる手段は、前記図6の他に、図1に示した構造物10に対しても適用が可能であり、前記図1に示す例においては、例えば、遮水性地盤改良部4に鋼製矢板を打ち込んでパイル壁25を追加して構築することによって、前記図6の例と同様な遮水性を発揮させることができる。   As the filling material 27, it is possible to use a material having a property that harmful materials do not flow out in water, such as a building waste material. For example, when a material having a property that does not corrode such as a concrete debris is used. good. In addition, the soil (residual soil) excavated from the building ground and other soil-like materials can be dumped and packed (consolidated) so as not to form a gap. In addition to FIG. 6, the means for constructing the pile wall 25 on the land side of the caisson 11 to better exhibit the water-imperviousness of the landfill can also be applied to the structure 10 shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 1, for example, a steel sheet pile is driven into the water-impervious ground improvement portion 4 and a pile wall 25 is added to construct the same. Water impermeability can be exhibited.

前記各実施例は、海洋構造物を新設する場合の構築工法を説明したのであるが、その他に、既設の防波堤等のような古い海洋構造物をそのまま利用して、廃棄物投棄処分場の仕切護岸を構築する場合も考えられる。例えば、図7に示すように、既設の防波堤を廃棄物埋立地の仕切護岸として用いる場合には、ケーソン11を立設する支持基礎17は、所定の大きさの石を積み重ねて構築していることが一般的であり、その支持基礎17の石の間には、水が流通可能な隙間が大きく形成された状態にある。
また、前記既設の防波堤等を支持する海底地盤では、不透水層としての性質を有する岩盤2の上の堆積層3に対しては、特に不透水性を発揮可能な地盤改良部として処理されているものではないことが多い。そこで、前述したような透水性を有する地盤上に構築されている既設の防波堤等の海洋構造物では、地盤の透水性と、支持基礎17における水の流通性を同時に解消し、新たな護岸を構築することが求められる。
In each of the above-described embodiments, the construction method in the case of newly constructing an offshore structure has been explained. In addition, an old offshore structure such as an existing breakwater can be used as it is to partition a waste dumping disposal site. It is also possible to construct a revetment. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, when an existing breakwater is used as a partition revetment for a waste landfill, the support foundation 17 for standing the caisson 11 is constructed by stacking stones of a predetermined size. In general, a gap through which water can flow is formed between the stones of the support foundation 17.
Moreover, in the submarine ground supporting the existing breakwater etc., the sedimentary layer 3 on the rock mass 2 having the property of impermeable layer is treated as a ground improvement part capable of exhibiting imperviousness in particular. Often not. Therefore, in existing marine structures such as the existing breakwater constructed on the water-permeable ground as described above, the water permeability of the ground and the flow of water on the support foundation 17 are eliminated at the same time, and a new revetment is created. It is required to build.

前記図7に示すように、既設の海洋構造物を用いる場合には、まず、既設のケーソン11の両側に所定の間隔を介して、盛土層23、23を所定の巾と高さに構築し、前記盛土層23と堆積層3に亘って、不透水性地盤改良を行って壁状不透水性処理層22、22を所定の厚さを有する壁状に構築する。また、前記壁状不透水性処理層22、22の間の堆積層3に対しては、可能な範囲で地盤改良部4を形成する工事を行い、堆積層3での透水係数が小さくなるようにする処理を行うと、より良い効果を奏することができる。その後で、前記壁状処理層22、22の間の余分な土等を除去してから、アスファルト混合物層20を打設して下部の遮水層を構築し、流動性の大きな材料を支持基礎の石の間にも充満させるようにして、アスファルト混合物層20によりケーソン11の基部を支持するとともに、海底地盤上に巾の広い遮水層を構築する。   As shown in FIG. 7, when an existing offshore structure is used, first, the embankment layers 23 and 23 are constructed to a predetermined width and height on both sides of the existing caisson 11 with a predetermined interval. The impermeable ground is improved over the embankment layer 23 and the deposited layer 3 to construct the wall impermeable treatment layers 22 and 22 into a wall shape having a predetermined thickness. In addition, for the deposited layer 3 between the wall-shaped impermeable treatment layers 22, 22, construction for forming the ground improvement portion 4 is performed as much as possible so that the permeability coefficient in the deposited layer 3 is reduced. When the process is performed, a better effect can be obtained. Thereafter, excess soil between the wall-like treatment layers 22 and 22 is removed, and then an asphalt mixture layer 20 is placed to construct a lower water-impervious layer, and a material having a high fluidity is supported. The base of the caisson 11 is supported by the asphalt mixture layer 20 and a wide impermeable layer is constructed on the seabed ground.

なお、前記図7に示す例において、壁状の不透水性処理層22、22としては、前記地盤改良部4を施工する場合と同様に、土にセメント等の固化材料を混入して地盤の透水性を改良することにより、地盤中に不透水性の壁状の仕切りを構築することが可能である。前記既設の防波堤等を利用して埋立地の仕切護岸を構築する場合に、ケーソンの間に隙間が生じていたりするときには、ケーソンの間にシール部材を挿入して、アスファルト混合物を隙間に充満させる等の追加工事を施工して、ケーソン目地での遮水処理を行うことが必要である。さらに、前記ケーソン間の遮水処理に加えて、ケーソンの内海側の両側または一方の側に沿わせて遮水シートを追加敷設して、ケーソンの側面を覆う等の処理を施すことで、仕切護岸での遮水性能をより向上させることも可能となる。   In the example shown in FIG. 7, the wall-shaped impermeable treatment layers 22 and 22 are mixed with a solidified material such as cement in the soil, as in the case of constructing the ground improvement portion 4. By improving the water permeability, it is possible to construct impermeable wall partitions in the ground. When building a revetment for reclaimed land using the existing breakwater or the like, if there is a gap between the caissons, insert a seal member between the caissons to fill the gap with the asphalt mixture. It is necessary to carry out additional construction such as water shielding treatment at the caisson joint. Further, in addition to the water shielding treatment between the caissons, a partition is provided by additionally laying a water shielding sheet along both sides or one side of the caisson in the sea to cover the side surface of the caisson. It is also possible to further improve the water shielding performance at the revetment.

前記図7に示す例において、前記地盤を不透水性のものとして改良することと、ケーソンの目地間での遮水止水処理によっても、十分な防水性能を発揮できない場合がある。そのような現場では、前記図6に説明したように、地盤の不透水処理層22に鋼製矢板を打ち込んでパイル壁25を構築して、遮水性を発揮させる処理を施すようにする。また、前記ケーソン11の側面に沿わせて、遮水シート15を敷設し、その遮水シート15の下部をアスファルト混合物層20に対して押えブロック15a等により一体化させて、遮水性をより良好に発揮させるようにすることもできる。その上で、前記ケーソン11とパイル壁25の間に、前記図6の場合と同様に、充填物27を充満させて、遮水シート15を押えて、構造物を安定化させるようにすることができる。   In the example shown in FIG. 7, sufficient waterproof performance may not be exhibited even by improving the ground as a water-impervious material and a water-blocking water-stopping treatment between the caisson joints. In such a field, as explained in FIG. 6, a steel sheet pile is driven into the water-impermeable treatment layer 22 of the ground to build the pile wall 25 and to perform a process of exerting water shielding. Further, a water shielding sheet 15 is laid along the side surface of the caisson 11, and the lower part of the water shielding sheet 15 is integrated with the asphalt mixture layer 20 by a press block 15a or the like, so that the water shielding is better. It can also be made to demonstrate. Then, between the caisson 11 and the pile wall 25, as in the case of FIG. 6, the filling material 27 is filled and the water shielding sheet 15 is pressed to stabilize the structure. Can do.

前記図7とは異なり、図8に示す例では、既設の海洋構造物を用いる場合に、まず、既設のケーソン11を支持する地盤3に対して、ケーソンの両側に所定の間隔を介して、堆積層の地盤3の土にセメント等の固化材を混入する等の不透水性地盤改良を行って、壁状不透水性処理層22、22を所定の厚さを有する壁状のものとして構築する。その後に、前記壁状不透水性処理層22の外側に、地盤から所定の高さに突出させたパイル壁25を列状に打設して、アスファルト混合物層20を構築する仕切りを設ける。そして、前記パイル壁25とケーソン11の間の空間部に、アスファルト混合物層20を打設することにより、前記壁状処理層22、22とアスファルト混合物層20とを一体化し、前記ケーソン11の基部を支持するとともに、海底地盤中と上部に巾の広い遮水層を構築する。   Unlike FIG. 7, in the example shown in FIG. 8, when using an existing marine structure, first, with respect to the ground 3 supporting the existing caisson 11, via a predetermined interval on both sides of the caisson, Improve the water-impervious ground such as mixing solidified material such as cement into the soil of the ground 3 of the sedimentary layer, and build the wall-shaped impermeable treated layers 22 and 22 as a wall-like one having a predetermined thickness. To do. After that, on the outside of the wall-shaped impermeable treatment layer 22, a pile wall 25 protruding from the ground to a predetermined height is placed in a row to provide a partition for constructing the asphalt mixture layer 20. Then, by placing an asphalt mixture layer 20 in the space between the pile wall 25 and the caisson 11, the wall treatment layers 22 and 22 and the asphalt mixture layer 20 are integrated, and the base of the caisson 11 is formed. A wide impermeable layer is constructed in and above the submarine ground.

図9に示す例においては、既設の海洋構造物を用いる場合に、まず、既設のケーソン11を支持する地盤3に対して、ケーソンの両側に所定の間隔を介して、土嚢やコンクリートブロック等を積み重ねて、所定の高さの仕切り壁24、24を構築する。ついで、前記仕切り壁24、24の内側では、海底地盤の土にセメント等の固化材料を混入して地盤の透水性を改良することにより、遮水性を発揮できる壁状不透水性処理層22、22を所定の厚さを有する壁状のものとして構築する。そして、前記壁状不透水性処理層22、22の上に、砂とアスファルト混合物とを混合したものを壁状に構築した追加不透水層22aを構築し、前記壁状不透水性処理層22、22と追加不透水層22a、22aを上下で一体の壁状の不透水層として、ケーソン11の両側に所定の間隔を持たせて構築する。   In the example shown in FIG. 9, when an existing marine structure is used, first, a sandbag, a concrete block, or the like is placed on the ground 3 supporting the existing caisson 11 via a predetermined interval on both sides of the caisson. The partition walls 24 and 24 having a predetermined height are constructed by stacking. Next, on the inside of the partition walls 24, 24, a wall-like impermeable treatment layer 22 that can exhibit water impermeability by mixing a solidified material such as cement into the soil of the seabed ground to improve the water permeability of the ground, 22 is constructed as a wall having a predetermined thickness. And on the said wall-like impermeable treatment layer 22, 22, the additional impermeable layer 22a which constructed | assembled the thing which mixed sand and asphalt mixture into the wall shape is constructed | assembled, The said wall-like impermeable treatment layer 22 , 22 and the additional water-impermeable layers 22a, 22a are constructed as a wall-shaped water-impermeable layer that is integral with the upper and lower sides of the caisson 11 with a predetermined interval.

さらに、前記不透水層の壁の内部の空間にアスファルト混合物を打設して、前記ケーソン11の基部を支持するとともに、海底地盤中と上部に巾の広い遮水層を構築するようにしている。なお、前記図8、9に示す例において、前記地盤を不透水性のものとして改良することと、ケーソンの目地間での遮水止水処理によっても、十分な防水性能を発揮できないと考えられる場合には、前記図7に説明したように、地盤の不透水処理層22に鋼製矢板を打ち込んでパイル壁を構築することと、前記ケーソン11の側面に沿わせて遮水シート15を敷設する処理を追加することにより、遮水性をより良好に発揮させ、構造物を安定化させるようにすることができる。   Further, an asphalt mixture is placed in the space inside the wall of the impermeable layer so as to support the base of the caisson 11 and to construct a wide impermeable layer in and above the seabed ground. . In the examples shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, it is considered that sufficient waterproof performance cannot be exhibited even by improving the ground as a water-impermeable one and by a water-proof / water-proof treatment between the caisson joints. In this case, as described in FIG. 7, a pile wall is constructed by driving a steel sheet pile into the impermeable layer 22 of the ground, and a water shielding sheet 15 is laid along the side surface of the caisson 11. By adding the treatment to be performed, it is possible to make the structure more stable by better exhibiting water shielding.

前記本発明の実施例において、遮水材としてアスファルト混合物を用いる場合で説明したが、前記遮水層としては、土質系遮水材またはコンクリート系遮水材を用いることが可能であり、その他に、前記遮水材の2種類もしくは3種類を組み合わせて施工することも可能である。前記遮水材として、種類の異なるものを組み合わせて施工するに際しては、例えば、任意の厚さの遮水材を層状に上下に積層させるように施工するか、任意の厚さの遮水材の層を列状に相互に隣接させるように施工して、遮水層の施工コストを低減させることを可能にしても良い。例えば、前記遮水材としてアスファルト混合物のみを用いて施工する場合には、そのアスファルト混合物のコストが比較的高価であることから、十分な遮水性を発揮できて、遮水層の施工コストを低減させるように、他の遮水材と組み合わせて施工することが強く望まれる場合が多くある。   In the embodiment of the present invention, the case where an asphalt mixture is used as a water shielding material has been described. However, as the water shielding layer, a soil-based water shielding material or a concrete water shielding material can be used. It is also possible to perform construction by combining two or three kinds of the water shielding material. When constructing a combination of different types of the water shielding material, for example, it is constructed so that a water shielding material of an arbitrary thickness is laminated in layers, or a water shielding material of an arbitrary thickness. The layers may be constructed so as to be adjacent to each other in a row, so that the construction cost of the water shielding layer can be reduced. For example, when construction is performed using only an asphalt mixture as the water shielding material, the cost of the asphalt mixture is relatively high, so that sufficient water shielding can be achieved and the construction cost of the water shielding layer can be reduced. In many cases, it is strongly desired to construct in combination with other water shielding materials.

前記遮水材として用いる材料は、アスファルト混合物の他に、土質系遮水材またはコンクリート系遮水材を用いることが可能であるとされる。例えば、土質系遮水材としては、粘土質の土に対して任意の凝固を阻止する添加材を加えて、固化しないような処理を行った材料を用いることができるもので、コンクリート系遮水材としては、コンクリートの他に、モルタルや、セメントを所定の比率で土や砂等に混合した材料を用いることが可能である。そして、前記遮水層を複数の遮水材の層を重ねて構築する場合には、以下に説明する実施例に示すように、任意の縦横方向に複数種類の遮水材の層を積層した遮水層として構築することが可能である。   In addition to the asphalt mixture, the material used as the water shielding material may be a soil water shielding material or a concrete water shielding material. For example, as a soil-based water-impervious material, a concrete-based water-impervious material can be used by adding an additive that prevents arbitrary solidification to clayey soil and performing a treatment that does not solidify. As a material, it is possible to use a material in which mortar or cement is mixed with soil or sand at a predetermined ratio in addition to concrete. And in the case of constructing the water shielding layer by laminating a plurality of layers of water shielding material, as shown in the examples described below, a plurality of types of water shielding material layers were laminated in any vertical and horizontal directions. It can be constructed as a water shielding layer.

図10に示す例は、前記図4に説明したように、強固で透水性の小さな岩盤2の上にケーソン11を設置する場合の、地盤とケーソンの下部との間での遮水工の別の実施例を説明している。前記構造物施工海域の岩盤2が、比較的容易に掘削可能な場合には、任意の掘削手段を用いて、岩盤2に対して所定の深さと巾を有する掘削溝部5aを掘削する。そして、前記掘削溝部5aの底面に所定の厚さで基礎石層6を施工してから、その上にケーソン11を載置し、掘削溝部5a内部の隙間(空間部)に土質系遮水材もしくはコンクリート系遮水材を所定の厚さで施工して下部の遮水層20aを設けることが可能である。また、前記土質系遮水材を充填して構築する遮水層20aの上に構造物11を設置し、前記構造物の両側の空間部内にさらに土質系遮水材を充満させてから、その上面をアスファルト混合物層20bで覆うように構築して、前記土質系遮水材の充填層20aを保護するようにして一体化した遮水層を構築する。   In the example shown in FIG. 10, as described with reference to FIG. 4, when the caisson 11 is installed on the rock mass 2 that is strong and water-permeable, the impermeable structure between the ground and the lower part of the caisson is different. An embodiment of the present invention is described. When the rock mass 2 in the structure construction sea area can be excavated relatively easily, an excavation groove portion 5a having a predetermined depth and width is excavated with respect to the rock mass 2 using an arbitrary excavation means. And after constructing the foundation stone layer 6 by the predetermined thickness on the bottom face of the said excavation groove part 5a, the caisson 11 is mounted on it, and the earth-based impermeable material in the clearance gap (space part) inside the excavation groove part 5a Alternatively, it is possible to provide a lower water-impervious layer 20a by applying a concrete-type water-impervious material with a predetermined thickness. In addition, after the structure 11 is installed on the water-impervious layer 20a constructed by filling the soil-based water-impervious material and the space on both sides of the structure is further filled with the soil-based water-impervious material, The upper surface is constructed so as to be covered with the asphalt mixture layer 20b, and an integrated water shielding layer is constructed so as to protect the filling layer 20a of the soil-based water shielding material.

また、前記図10に説明するように、岩盤に溝部を掘削して構築することが困難である場合には、図11に示すように、ケーソン11を設置する部分の両側(内外海域の両側)に、所定の高さと巾を有する端部ブロック21、21aを配置して、前記端部ブロックと構造物との間の隙間に遮水層20Aを構築して、ケーソンの両側に対する遮水処理を行うことが可能である。前記遮水層20Aとしては、前記図10の例と同様に、地盤上に所定の厚さで土質系遮水材の層20aを構築し、その上面にアスファルト混合物を所定の厚さで施工した層20bを構築することができる。なお、前記端部ブロック21、21aを用いる場合に、図示するように、端部ブロック21にケーソン11の脚部を押圧させるようにして位置決めすると、ケーソンの位置決めの作用を容易に行うことが可能である。そして、前記ケーソン11の固定のための補助手段を施工する必要もなくなり、施工性を良好なものとすることが可能である。前記図11に説明する構造物に対する遮水層としては、前記図10の例と同様に、土質系遮水材の層20aの上にアスファルト混合物の層20bを積層させるように施工して、遮水層20Aを構築することも可能である。   As shown in FIG. 10, when it is difficult to excavate and build a groove in the rock, as shown in FIG. 11, both sides of the part where the caisson 11 is installed (both sides of the inner and outer sea areas) In addition, the end blocks 21 and 21a having a predetermined height and width are arranged, and a water shielding layer 20A is constructed in a gap between the end block and the structure, so that water shielding treatment is performed on both sides of the caisson. Is possible. As the water shielding layer 20A, similarly to the example of FIG. 10, a soil-based water shielding material layer 20a is constructed on the ground with a predetermined thickness, and an asphalt mixture is applied on the upper surface thereof with a predetermined thickness. Layer 20b can be constructed. In addition, when using the said end block 21, 21a, as shown in the figure, if the end block 21 is positioned so that the leg portion of the caisson 11 is pressed, the caisson positioning operation can be easily performed. It is. Further, it is not necessary to construct auxiliary means for fixing the caisson 11, and the workability can be improved. As in the case of FIG. 10, the water shielding layer for the structure described in FIG. 11 is constructed by laminating the asphalt mixture layer 20b on the soil-based water shielding material layer 20a, thereby shielding the structure. It is also possible to construct the water layer 20A.

前記各実施例に説明したものとは別に、図12に示す例では、海底地盤が砂質の地盤の場合等に、壁状に遮水層を施工した遮水層に対して、さらに矢板を打設して強固な遮水層を縦壁状に構築する場合を説明している。この図12に説明する実施例において、ケーソン11を支持する地盤3に対して、ケーソンの両側に所定の間隔を介して、コンクリートの壁28を不透水層2に達する深さに構築し、さらに、前記コンクリート壁28の中に、または壁28に沿わせて矢板29を打設して遮水壁を構築する。前記遮水壁28とケーソン1の基部と間に形成される空間部に対しては、前記遮水層20Aと同様に、土質系遮水材とアスファルト混合物とを積層した遮水処理部を施工することが可能である。
その他に、遮水処理層20Bとしては、土質系遮水材の層20aの上にコンクリート系遮水材の層20cを施工し、その上面をアスファルト混合物の層20bで覆って、ケーソンの周囲の部分からの漏水が生じないような処理を施しても良い。
In the example shown in FIG. 12, in addition to what has been described in each of the above embodiments, when the seabed is sandy ground, a sheet pile is further provided for the watertight layer in which the wall is formed. The case where a strong water-impervious layer is constructed in the shape of a vertical wall by casting is described. In the embodiment described in FIG. 12, a concrete wall 28 is constructed to a depth reaching the water-impermeable layer 2 with a predetermined spacing on both sides of the caisson with respect to the ground 3 supporting the caisson 11. Then, a sheet-impregnated wall is constructed by placing a sheet pile 29 in the concrete wall 28 or along the wall 28. For the space formed between the water-impervious wall 28 and the base of the caisson 1, a water-impervious treatment part in which a soil-based water-impervious material and an asphalt mixture are laminated is constructed in the same manner as the water-impervious layer 20A. Is possible.
In addition, as the water-impervious treatment layer 20B, a concrete-based water-impervious material layer 20c is applied on the soil-based water-impervious material layer 20a, and the upper surface thereof is covered with an asphalt mixture layer 20b, so that You may perform the process which the water leak from a part does not arise.

図13に示す例は、前記図6に説明したように、ケーソンの内陸側(埋立地側)に、所定の間隔をおいて鋼製矢板(鋼矢板、鋼管矢板、鋼製箱型矢板、鋼製H型矢板等を総称する)を列状に打設してパイル壁25を構築し、タイロッドのような接続具26を用いてケーソンと接続する。そして、前記パイル壁25を構成する鋼製矢板の接続部に対して公知の遮水処理を行い、鉛直な遮水壁を構築し、前記パイル壁25とケーソン11の間の空間部に、透水係数の小さな充填物層を構築する処理を施して、より遮水性を良好に維持可能な仕切りを構築している。本実施例において、地盤とケーソンの基部との間の隙間には、前記各実施例に説明したような遮水層20Aを構築することが可能である。前記構成に加えて、充填層27Aとしては、アスファルト混合物の層27bをケーソンの側面と充填層20Aに対して施工し、その側部には、土質系遮水材の層27aを壁25との間に施工する。前記充填層27Aの上面には、コンクリート系遮水材を所定の厚さで施工して、3種の遮水材を複合した遮水処理層27Aとして用いることが可能である。   As shown in FIG. 6, the example shown in FIG. 13 is a steel sheet pile (steel sheet pile, steel pipe sheet pile, steel box-type sheet pile, steel on the inland side (landfill side) of the caisson at a predetermined interval. A pile wall 25 is constructed by placing a series of H-shaped sheet piles, etc.), and connected to a caisson using a connection tool 26 such as a tie rod. And the well-known water shielding process is performed with respect to the connection part of the steel sheet pile which comprises the said pile wall 25, a vertical water-impervious wall is constructed | assembled, and water permeability is provided in the space part between the said pile wall 25 and the caisson 11. The partition which can maintain the water-proofing property more is constructed by applying the treatment to construct the packing layer with a small coefficient. In the present embodiment, it is possible to construct the water shielding layer 20 </ b> A as described in the above embodiments in the gap between the ground and the base of the caisson. In addition to the above structure, as the packed bed 27A, the layer 27b of the asphalt mixture is applied to the side surface of the caisson and the packed bed 20A, and the layer 27a of the soil-based water shielding material is formed on the side portion with the wall 25. Install in between. On the upper surface of the filling layer 27A, it is possible to construct a concrete water-impervious material with a predetermined thickness and use it as a water-impervious treatment layer 27A in which three kinds of water-impervious materials are combined.

なお、前記本発明の各実施例において、ケーソンの基部に構築する遮水材の層20、20Aにおいては、前述したように、複数種類の遮水材料を積層して、遮水性をより向上させた層を構築することが可能であり、その積層する際の、各材料の厚さ等は、適宜設定することが可能である。前記遮水材の層の他に、ケーソンの側部に所定の厚さで壁状に構築する遮水層27A等においても、前述したように、性質の異なる複数の遮水材を組み合わせて、遮水層を形成することで対応が可能である。
また、前記遮水材としてアスファルト混合物を用いる場合に、その混合物でのアスファルト成分と骨材、その他の混合物の配合比率等は、その海域の波の荒さや施工能率等に対応させて、任意に作成することができる。その他に、前記土質系遮水材としては、任意の粘土質の材料を用いることが可能であるが、例えば、ベントナイト等に対して、乳化材や沈殿を抑制する成分等を混合したものを用いることが可能である。さらに、コンクリート系遮水材としては、任意の配合比率で形成したコンクリートやモルタルを、単独で打設することが可能であるが、比較的厚く打設する場合には、小石や栗石の層を構築した後で、コンクリート系遮水材を打設してそれ等の石の層をコンクリート系遮水材と一体化した遮水層を構築しても良い。
In each of the embodiments of the present invention, as described above, in the water shielding material layers 20 and 20A constructed at the base of the caisson, a plurality of types of water shielding materials are laminated to further improve the water shielding performance. It is possible to construct a layer, and the thickness and the like of each material when the layers are laminated can be set as appropriate. In addition to the layer of the water shielding material, also in the water shielding layer 27A constructed in a wall shape with a predetermined thickness on the side portion of the caisson, as described above, a plurality of water shielding materials having different properties are combined, This can be done by forming a water shielding layer.
In addition, when an asphalt mixture is used as the water shielding material, the mixing ratio of the asphalt component and the aggregate in the mixture, other mixture, etc. is arbitrarily determined according to the wave roughness and construction efficiency of the sea area. Can be created. In addition, as the soil-based water-impervious material, any clay-like material can be used. For example, a mixture of an emulsifying material, a component that suppresses precipitation, or the like is used for bentonite or the like. It is possible. Furthermore, as concrete-based water-insulating material, concrete and mortar formed at any blending ratio can be cast alone, but when placing relatively thick, a pebble or chestnut layer is used. After the construction, a concrete water-impervious material may be placed to construct a water-impervious layer in which these stone layers are integrated with the concrete water-impervious material.

本発明の海洋構造物の構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the offshore structure of this invention. ケーソン間に設ける目地遮水処理部の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the joint water-impervious treatment part provided between caisson. 図2の目地遮水処理部の平面図である。It is a top view of the joint water-impervious treatment part of FIG. 岩盤上に海洋構造物を構築する例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example which builds an offshore structure on a bedrock. 岩盤を掘削せずに海洋構造物を構築する例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example which builds an offshore structure without excavating a bedrock. 図1の海洋構造物の改良図である。FIG. 2 is an improved view of the offshore structure of FIG. 1. 既設の防波堤等を利用して仕切護岸を構築する例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example which constructs a partition revetment using the existing breakwater. 既設の防波堤等を利用して構築する別の実施例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of another Example constructed | assembled using the existing breakwater. 図8とは異なる例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the example different from FIG. ケーソンの基部に構築する別の実施例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of another Example constructed | assembled in the base of a caisson. 図4の遮水層の変形例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the modification of the water shielding layer of FIG. コンクリート壁による遮水層の構築例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the construction example of the water-impervious layer by a concrete wall. 図6の遮水処理の変形例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the modification of the water shielding process of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 海底地盤、 2 岩盤、 3 堆積層、 4 不透水性地盤改良部、
5 掘削溝部、 6 基礎石層、 7 端部ブロック、 8 盛土層、
10 海洋構造物、 11 ケーソン、 12 目地遮水処理部、
13 シール部材、 14 アスファルト充填層、 15 遮水シート、
16 押さえブロック、 17 支持基礎、 20 アスファルト混合物層、
21 端部ブロック、 22 壁状不透水処理層、 23 盛土層、
24 仕切り壁、 25 パイル壁、 26 接続具、 27 充填物。
1 submarine ground, 2 bedrock, 3 sedimentary layer, 4 impermeable ground improvement section,
5 excavation groove, 6 foundation stone layer, 7 end block, 8 embankment layer,
10 offshore structure, 11 caisson, 12 joint impermeable treatment section,
13 sealing member, 14 asphalt packed bed, 15 water shielding sheet,
16 holding block, 17 support foundation, 20 asphalt mixture layer,
21 end block, 22 wall-shaped impermeable treatment layer, 23 embankment layer,
24 partition walls, 25 pile walls, 26 connectors, 27 fillings.

Claims (3)

所定の広さの海域を囲うように仕切護岸を構築し、廃棄物を投棄する区画を構築する管理型護岸に関し、前記仕切護岸の構造体を支持する海底地盤には、その地質に応じて遮水性を改善する処理を行い、前記地盤の上に列状に並べて構築する前記構造体の列では、前記構造体のそれぞれの接続部に遮水処理を施工して、前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列とその下の地盤改良を行った地盤とを一体化した遮水壁とし、廃棄物を投棄する区画を外海から区画して囲むように構築する管理型護岸において、 前記仕切護岸の構造体を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を容易に通す砂質土のようなところでは、
前記構造体を支持する地盤の所定の範囲を、不透水層とする地盤改良処理を施してから、
前記地盤改良部に構造体を列状に並べて構築する位置に溝部を施工し、前記溝部内に前記構造体を支持させるための支持部材を配置してから、前記支持部材の上に前記構造体を列状に並べて構築し、
前記溝部内に遮水材を充満させる処理を行なって、前記溝部の中に位置する前記構造物の基部を埋めるとともに、前記列設する個々の構造体の間にも遮水処理を施し、
前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする管理型護岸の構築法。
Concerning the management-type revetment that constructs a partition revetment so as to surround a sea area of a predetermined area and constructs a section for dumping waste, the seabed ground that supports the structure of the partition revetment is shielded according to its geology. In the rows of the structures that are constructed to be arranged in a row on the ground, the structure of the partition revetment is constructed by applying a water shielding treatment to each connection portion of the structures. In the management-type revetment which is constructed so as to enclose and enclose the section where the waste is dumped from the outside sea with a water-impervious wall that integrates the row of ground and the ground which has been improved underneath, the structure of the partition revetment Where the geology of the submarine ground is like sandy soil that allows water to pass through easily,
After performing a ground improvement process with a predetermined range of the ground supporting the structure as an impermeable layer,
A groove portion is constructed at a position where the structures are arranged in a row on the ground improvement portion, and a support member for supporting the structure body is disposed in the groove portion, and then the structure body is placed on the support member. Are arranged in a line,
Performing a treatment to fill the groove with a water shielding material, filling the base of the structure located in the groove, and performing a water shielding treatment between the individual structures to be arranged,
A method for constructing a management-type revetment, characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row of the structures of the partition revetment and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer .
廃棄物を投棄するために、所定の広さの海域を囲うように構築する仕切護岸において、
その基礎を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を通さないが、掘削可能な地盤のところでは、
前記仕切護岸を構築する前記海底地盤に所定の巾と深さで溝部を掘削して、次に列設する構造体を支持するための支持部材を前記溝部内に配置する処理を施してから、前記溝部内に構造体を列設し、
前記溝部内の空隙部に遮水材を充満させて、前記構造体の基部と地盤とを一体の遮水層とする処理を行うとともに、前記列設した個々の構造体の間にも遮水処理をそれぞれ施工し、
前記列設した構造体の下部分と溝部内に生じる空隙部分、および前記地盤上に列設する構造体の接続部分の各々の空隙部分を埋めるように遮水処理を施し、
前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする管理型護岸の構築法。
In the partition revetment constructed so as to surround the sea area of a predetermined area in order to dump the waste,
The geology of the submarine ground that builds its foundation is impermeable to water, but where it can be excavated,
After excavating a groove portion with a predetermined width and depth in the submarine ground for constructing the partition revetment, and then performing a process of arranging a support member for supporting the structures to be arranged in the groove portion, A structure is arranged in the groove,
The gap in the groove is filled with a water shielding material so that the base of the structure and the ground are made into an integral water shielding layer, and water is also blocked between the individual structures arranged in the row. Install each treatment,
Water shielding treatment is performed so as to fill each gap portion of the lower portion of the arrayed structures and the gap portion generated in the groove portion, and the connection portion of the structure arranged on the ground,
A method for constructing a management-type revetment, characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row of the structures of the partition revetment and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer .
廃棄物を投棄するために、所定の広さの海域を囲うように構築する仕切護岸において、
前記仕切護岸を構築する海底地盤の地質が、水を通さないが硬くて掘削が困難な岩盤のところでは、
前記構造体を列設して護岸を構築する前記海底地盤上に、前記構造体を位置させる部分の内海側と外海側の両側に、所定の間隔をおいて仕切部材を列状にそれぞれ構築して、前記2列の仕切部材の列の間に設けた溝部状の区画を、構造体を設置する溝部とし、
前記溝部の区画内に前記構造体を列状に並べて、各構造体の間に遮水処理を施工して護岸を構築するとともに、
前記2列の仕切部材の間に区画された溝部内に遮水材を充満させて、前記構造体の基部を地盤と一体の不透水層とする処理を行なうもので、
前記構造体の下部分と溝部内に生じる空隙部分、および前記地盤上に列設する構造体の接続部分の各々の空隙部分を埋めるように遮水処理を施し、
前記仕切護岸の前記構造体の列と基礎の地盤との全体が一体の遮水層となるような処理を行なうことを特徴とする管理型護岸の構築法。
In the partition revetment constructed so as to surround the sea area of a predetermined area in order to dump the waste,
In the place where the geology of the submarine ground that constructs the partition revetment is hard and difficult to drill,
On the seabed ground where the structures are lined up to construct the revetment, partition members are constructed in rows at predetermined intervals on both the inner sea side and the outer sea side of the portion where the structure is located. Then, the groove-like section provided between the rows of the two rows of partition members is used as a groove for installing the structure,
While arranging the structures in a row in the section of the groove, constructing a seawall by constructing a water shielding treatment between each structure,
Filling the groove portion partitioned between the two rows of partition members with a water shielding material, the base of the structure is treated as an impermeable layer integral with the ground,
Water shielding treatment is performed so as to fill each gap portion of the gap portion generated in the lower portion and the groove portion of the structure and the connection portion of the structure arranged on the ground,
A method for constructing a management-type revetment, characterized in that processing is performed so that the entire row of the structures of the partition revetment and the foundation ground form an integral impermeable layer .
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JP2020143484A (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-10 エム・エムブリッジ株式会社 Revetment structure, and revetment construction method

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JP6013889B2 (en) * 2012-11-26 2016-10-25 ワールドエンジニアリング株式会社 Upper concrete impermeable structure of revetment impermeable wall
JP6298254B2 (en) * 2013-08-05 2018-03-20 ワールドエンジニアリング株式会社 Impermeable wall
CN109972636B (en) * 2019-04-19 2024-03-01 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 Water seepage prevention structure of geotechnical engineering side slope

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JPH06108436A (en) * 1991-12-18 1994-04-19 Seibu Polymer Kasei Kk Impervious construction in water filled ground and impervious construction method
JPH07305322A (en) * 1994-05-16 1995-11-21 World Eng Kk Construction method of control type revetment
JP3320580B2 (en) * 1994-12-12 2002-09-03 ワールドエンジニアリング株式会社 Foundation construction method for offshore structures
JP2002227166A (en) * 2001-02-02 2002-08-14 Nkk Corp Impermeable revetment structure using solidified earth

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JP2020143484A (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-10 エム・エムブリッジ株式会社 Revetment structure, and revetment construction method
JP7209290B2 (en) 2019-03-05 2023-01-20 エム・エムブリッジ株式会社 Revetment structure and bank protection construction method

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