JP5077489B2 - Power storage device and railway vehicle - Google Patents

Power storage device and railway vehicle Download PDF

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JP5077489B2
JP5077489B2 JP2011515833A JP2011515833A JP5077489B2 JP 5077489 B2 JP5077489 B2 JP 5077489B2 JP 2011515833 A JP2011515833 A JP 2011515833A JP 2011515833 A JP2011515833 A JP 2011515833A JP 5077489 B2 JP5077489 B2 JP 5077489B2
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storage device
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JPWO2010137182A1 (en
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誠司 石田
裕 有田
尊善 西野
豊田　　瑛一
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42—Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • H01M6/425—Multimode batteries, batteries with "reserve cells"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0445—Multimode batteries, e.g. containing auxiliary cells or electrodes switchable in parallel or series connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Description

本発明は、鉄道車両に搭載する蓄電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power storage device mounted on a railway vehicle.

鉄道車両等を制動するときに、運動エネルギーを電動機で電気エネルギーに変換し蓄電装置に充電するハイブリッドシステムや、発電電力の大きい風力発電等が電力系統の安定性に与える影響を抑制するように蓄電装置の充放電させる装置など、大容量の蓄電装置の開発が進められている。
こうした蓄電装置には、リチウムイオン二次電池のような密閉構造のセルが用いられている。こうした密閉構造のセルでは、システムの誤動作等で過充電状態に陥ると、電解液の分解でガスが発生し電池内圧が極端に上昇することがあるため、防爆機構を有するものがある。こうした防爆機構を有するセルでは、セル内圧が上昇すると、セル内部の電流経路が防爆機構により破断して電流が遮断され、さらに内圧が上昇すると防爆機構によりセル内のガスが放出されて、セル内圧が低減する。
こうした電池を用いて、大容量の蓄電装置を実現するためには、多数のセルを直列に接続して高電圧化し、さらに並列接続する必要がある。このような蓄電装置としては、特開平１０−３２２９１５号公報に記載のものがある。When braking a railway vehicle, etc., it stores electricity so as to suppress the influence of the hybrid system that converts kinetic energy into electrical energy by an electric motor and charges the power storage device, and wind power generation with large generated power on the stability of the power system. Development of a large-capacity power storage device such as a device for charging and discharging the device is underway.
In such a power storage device, a sealed cell such as a lithium ion secondary battery is used. Some cells having such an airtight structure have an explosion-proof mechanism because when an overcharged state occurs due to a malfunction of the system or the like, gas is generated due to decomposition of the electrolytic solution and the internal pressure of the battery may extremely increase. In a cell having such an explosion-proof mechanism, when the cell internal pressure rises, the current path inside the cell is broken by the explosion-proof mechanism and the current is cut off, and when the internal pressure rises further, the gas in the cell is released by the explosion-proof mechanism, and the cell internal pressure Is reduced.
In order to realize a large-capacity power storage device using such a battery, it is necessary to increase the voltage by connecting a large number of cells in series and to connect them in parallel. As such a power storage device, there is one described in JP-A-10-322915.

特開平１０−３２２９１５号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-322915

多数のセルを直列に接続した場合、前述した防爆機構が動作し電流経路が破断しても電流が遮断できない場合がある。
第２図に示す回路例を用いて、課題を具体的に説明する。第２図において、１１ａ〜１１ｆは防爆弁、１２ａ〜１２ｆは正極，負極，セパレータなどで構成されたセル要素、１３ａ〜１３ｆは防爆弁とセル要素を含むセル、１４はリアクトル、１５ａと１５ｂはスイッチング素子、１６ａと１６ｂはダイオード、１７ａと１７ｂは端子、１８は昇降圧チョッパである。リアクトル１４，スイッチング素子１５ａ，１５ｂ、及びダイオード１６ａ，１６ｂは昇降圧チョッパ１８を構成し、スイッチング素子１５ａと１５ｂを交互にオンすることにより、端子１７ａ，１７ｂとセル１３ａ〜１３ｆの直列回路の電力を変換し、セル１３ａ〜１３ｆに流れる電流を制御する。
リアクトル１４に、セル１３ａからスイッチング素子１５ｂに向かう電流が流れており、スイッチング素子１５ｂが導通状態にあるとき、防爆弁１１ｄがセル１３ｄの内圧上昇に開放した場合を考えると、防爆弁１１ｄには、セル１３ａ〜１３ｆの電圧総和と、回路の開放に伴う電流変化によりリアクトル１４に発生する逆起電力が印加される。第２図に示す回路では、セル数が６個であるが、大容量高電圧の蓄電装置の場合には、セル数が数百個になるため、防爆弁には高電圧が印加されることになり、防爆弁の絶縁破壊に伴うアークが発生し、発火する可能性がある。よって、従来、蓄電装置の電圧を、セルの防爆弁で遮断できる（絶縁可能な）電圧よりも大きくすることができなかった。つまり、セルの防爆弁の絶縁性能を超えて、直列接続されるセル数を増やすことはできなかった。When a large number of cells are connected in series, the current may not be interrupted even if the explosion-proof mechanism described above operates and the current path is broken.
The problem will be specifically described with reference to the circuit example shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, 11a to 11f are explosion-proof valves, 12a to 12f are cell elements composed of positive electrodes, negative electrodes and separators, 13a to 13f are cells including explosion-proof valves and cell elements, 14 is a reactor, 15a and 15b are Switching elements, 16a and 16b are diodes, 17a and 17b are terminals, and 18 is a step-up / down chopper. The reactor 14, the switching elements 15a and 15b, and the diodes 16a and 16b constitute a step-up / step-down chopper 18, and the switching elements 15a and 15b are alternately turned on, whereby the power of the series circuit of the terminals 17a and 17b and the cells 13a to 13f. And the current flowing through the cells 13a to 13f is controlled.
Considering the case where the current flowing from the cell 13a to the switching element 15b flows through the reactor 14 and the explosion-proof valve 11d is opened to increase the internal pressure of the cell 13d when the switching element 15b is in a conducting state, The total voltage of the cells 13a to 13f and the back electromotive force generated in the reactor 14 due to the current change accompanying the opening of the circuit are applied. In the circuit shown in FIG. 2, the number of cells is six. However, in the case of a large-capacity and high-voltage power storage device, the number of cells is several hundred, so that a high voltage is applied to the explosion-proof valve. Therefore, there is a possibility that an arc is generated due to the insulation breakdown of the explosion-proof valve, and it is ignited. Therefore, conventionally, the voltage of the power storage device cannot be made larger than the voltage that can be shut off (insulated) by the explosion-proof valve of the cell. That is, the number of cells connected in series could not be increased beyond the insulation performance of the explosion-proof valve of the cell.

本発明の目的は、防爆弁の耐圧性能によらず高電圧な蓄電装置を構成することである。
上記課題の第一の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備え、負荷へ電力を供給する蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、前記防爆弁が開放した際に、前記開放した防爆弁を有する直列ユニットの電圧の上昇を抑制する手段を備えたことを特徴とする蓄電装置である。
（ここで、「防爆弁の耐圧」とは、防爆弁の開放により絶縁可能な電圧の意味である。）
上記課題の第二の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備え、負荷へ電力を供給する蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、前記直列ユニットの異常を検出して前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備え、前記直列ユニットと前記遮断器とを備える直列回路は、複数並列接続されており、前記コントローラは、前記遮断器が１個だけ導通状態になることを防止するように前記遮断器の開放を制御することを特徴とする蓄電装置である。
（ここで、直列ユニットの異常とは、直列ユニットを構成するセルの内圧の異常，セルの過放電，過充電，セルの破損，防爆弁の開放の少なくともいずれか１つを含む意味である。）
上記課題の第三の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備え、負荷へ電力を供給する蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットを複数並列接続した回路と直列に接続された遮断器と、前記直列ユニットの異常を検出して前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置である。
上記課題の第四の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備え、負荷へ電力を供給する蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、前記直列ユニットと並列に接続されたコンデンサを備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置である。
上記課題の第五の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備え、負荷へ電力を供給する蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、前記直列ユニットと遮断器の直列回路と並列に接続されたコンデンサと、２個のスイッチング素子を互いに直列に接続し、一方のスイッチング素子の両端子をリアクトルを介して前記コンデンサと接続したことを特徴とする蓄電装置である。
上記課題の第六の解決手段は、内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、前記防爆弁が開放した際に、前記直列ユニットが複数並列接続されていることを特徴とする蓄電装置である。An object of the present invention is to configure a high-voltage power storage device regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.
A first means for solving the above-described problem is a power storage device that includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase and is connected in series, and that supplies power to a load. The voltage is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve, and is a power storage device comprising means for suppressing an increase in voltage of the series unit having the opened explosion-proof valve when the explosion-proof valve is opened.
(Here, “explosion-proof valve pressure resistance” means a voltage that can be insulated by opening the explosion-proof valve.)
A second means for solving the above-mentioned problem includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, and in a power storage device that supplies power to a load, the series unit and A circuit breaker connected in series and a controller that detects an abnormality of the series unit and opens the circuit breaker, and a series circuit including the series unit and the circuit breaker are connected in parallel. The controller is a power storage device that controls opening of the circuit breaker so as to prevent only one of the circuit breakers from being turned on.
(Herein, the abnormality of the series unit is meant to include at least one of abnormality of internal pressure of the cells constituting the series unit, overdischarge of the cells, overcharge, damage of the cells, and opening of the explosion-proof valve.) )
According to a third means for solving the above-mentioned problem, in a power storage device that includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, and that supplies power to a load, the series unit is A power storage device comprising: a circuit breaker connected in series with a plurality of circuits connected in parallel; and a controller that detects an abnormality of the series unit and opens the circuit breaker.
According to a fourth means for solving the above-mentioned problem, in a power storage device that includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, and that supplies power to a load, The voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage of the explosion-proof valve, and is a power storage device comprising a capacitor connected in parallel with the series unit.
A fifth means for solving the above-mentioned problem includes a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase are connected in series, and in a power storage device that supplies power to a load, A circuit breaker connected in series, a capacitor connected in parallel with the series circuit of the series unit and the circuit breaker, and two switching elements are connected in series with each other, and both terminals of one switching element are connected via a reactor. The power storage device is connected to the capacitor.
A sixth means for solving the above-mentioned problem is a power storage device including a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an increase in internal pressure are connected in series, wherein the voltage of the series unit is a pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve. The power storage device is characterized in that a plurality of the series units are connected in parallel when the explosion-proof valve is opened.

本発明によれば、防爆弁の耐圧性能によらず、高電圧な蓄電装置を構成することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to configure a high-voltage power storage device regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.

第１図は第１の実施例の蓄電装置の構成。
第２図は本発明の課題を説明する回路図。
第３図はコントローラ１０４の機能を説明する流れ図。
第４図は本発明の効果を説明する回路図。
第５図は第２の実施例の蓄電装置の構成。
第６図は第３の実施例の蓄電装置の構成。
第７図は第４の実施例の鉄道車両の構成。FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating the problem of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the function of the controller 104.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the third embodiment.
FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the railway vehicle of the fourth embodiment.

第１図に本発明の第１の実施例の蓄電装置の構成を示す。
１０２ａは、防爆弁を内蔵したセル１０１ａ〜１０１ｆを直列接続して構成される直列ユニットであり、遮断器１０３ａは、直列ユニットと直列接続される。直列ユニット１０２ｂ〜１０２ｆと遮断器１０３ｂ〜１０３ｆとが直列接続された直列回路は、それぞれ並列接続され、端子１０５ａと１０５ｂに接続される。第１図では図示していないが端子１０５ａと１０５ｂは負荷へ接続される。コントローラ１０４は、直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆの状態を監視する。直列ユニットに異常が発生した場合には、コントローラ１０４は、対応する遮断器１０３ａ〜１０３ｆを開放することにより、直列ユニットを回路から切り離す。このような切り離しにより、切り離された直列ユニット分だけ蓄電装置の性能は低下するが、蓄電装置の使用を継続することができる。尚、セル１０１ａ〜１０１ｆに内蔵される防爆弁の耐圧は、直列ユニット１０２ｂ〜１０２ｆの電圧より低い。
コントローラ１０４は、一定周期毎に第３図に示す処理を行う。始めに、処理２０１において、直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆの状態を取得する。処理２０２において、異常の発生している直列ユニットがあるかを判定し、異常がない場合はその周期の処理を終了する。異常がある場合は、処理２０３において、遮断器が開放されていない他の直列ユニット数（つまり、導通状態となっている直列ユニット数）を判定し、直列ユニット数が１である場合は処理２０４を、それ以外の場合は処理２０５を実行する。例えば、第１図の構成で６個全ての直列ユニットが開放されていない状態で、ある１個の直列ユニットに異常が発生した場合、他の直列ユニット数は５である。
処理２０４において、異常の発生している当該直列ユニットと遮断器が開放されていない他の１つの直列ユニットに対応する両方の遮断器を開放し、その周期の処理は終了する。処理２０５では、異常の発生している当該直列ユニットのみを開放する。すなわち、上記の処理を行うことにより、蓄電装置が使用状態にある場合には、開放されていない遮断器が常に２個以上となり、直列ユニットが１個だけ導通状態となることはない。
第４図を用いて、上記構成における防爆弁開放時の動作を説明する。上記構成においては、常に複数の直列ユニットが並列接続された状態で蓄電装置が運転される。第４図では、直列ユニットの最小の並列数が２の場合について説明するが、並列数が３以上の場合でも同様の効果が得られる。尚、第４図においては第１図に記載の遮断器は省略している。第４図において、第２図と異なる点は、防爆弁１１ａ′〜１１ｆ′とセル要素１２ａ′〜１２ｆ′を含むセル１３ａ′〜１３ｆ′を直列接続された直列ユニットが並列に接続されている点である。
第２図の場合と同様に、リアクトル１４に、セル１３ａからスイッチング素子１５ｂに向かう電流が流れており、スイッチング素子１５ｂが導通状態にあるとき、防爆弁１１ｄがセル１３ｄの内圧上昇により開放した場合を考える。この場合、セル１３ａ′〜１３ｆ′の直列ユニットに電流が流れるため、リアクトル１４に逆起電力はほとんど発生しない。また、防爆弁が開放したセル１３ａ〜１３ｆの直列ユニットの両端電圧は、並列接続されたセル１３ａ′〜１３ｆ′の直列ユニットの両端電圧と等しくなり、セル１３ａ〜１３ｆの電圧を考慮すると、防爆弁１１ｄにほとんど電圧は印加されない。第４図は直列ユニットの直列数が６の場合を示しているが、直列数が６よりも大きくなっても同様に開放した防爆弁に印加される電圧は、蓄電装置の電圧に対しては、小さな値となる。よって、直列ユニットの直列数を増やして、セルに内蔵される防爆弁の耐圧よりも高電圧の蓄電装置を構成した場合においても、防爆弁の開放に伴いアークが発生することない。つまり、防爆弁の耐圧性能によらず高電圧な蓄電装置を構成することが可能となる。すなわち、直列ユニットを複数並列接続した状態を維持するなど、防爆弁が開放した場合においても、防爆弁が開放した直列ユニットの電圧が維持される構成となっていれば、開放した防爆弁に印加される電圧を低く抑えることができる。
尚、第１図の蓄電装置では、セルの直列数が６、並列数が６の場合を示しているが、直列数に制限はなく、並列数は２以上であればよい。
また、本実施例においては、リアクトル１４を有する構成について説明したが、リアクトル１４を有さない構成においても本発明の効果を達成することができる。FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a power storage device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
102a is a series unit configured by connecting cells 101a to 101f with built-in explosion-proof valves in series, and the circuit breaker 103a is connected in series with the series unit. The series circuits in which the series units 102b to 102f and the circuit breakers 103b to 103f are connected in series are connected in parallel and connected to the terminals 105a and 105b, respectively. Although not shown in FIG. 1, terminals 105a and 105b are connected to a load. The controller 104 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f. When an abnormality occurs in the series unit, the controller 104 disconnects the series unit from the circuit by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 103a to 103f. By such disconnection, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial units, but the use of the power storage device can be continued. In addition, the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve built in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f.
The controller 104 performs the process shown in FIG. 3 at regular intervals. First, in the process 201, the state of the serial units 102a to 102f is acquired. In process 202, it is determined whether there is a series unit in which an abnormality has occurred. If there is no abnormality, the process in that cycle is terminated. If there is an abnormality, the number of other series units in which the circuit breaker is not opened is determined in processing 203 (that is, the number of series units in a conductive state). If the number of series units is 1, processing 204 is performed. Otherwise, process 205 is executed. For example, when an abnormality occurs in one serial unit in a state where all six serial units are not opened in the configuration of FIG. 1, the number of other serial units is five.
In process 204, both the circuit breaker corresponding to the series unit in which an abnormality has occurred and the other one series unit in which the circuit breaker is not opened are opened, and the process of the cycle ends. In the process 205, only the serial unit in which an abnormality has occurred is released. That is, by performing the above processing, when the power storage device is in use, there are always two or more open circuit breakers, and only one series unit is not in a conductive state.
The operation when the explosion-proof valve is opened in the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. In the above configuration, the power storage device is always operated with a plurality of series units connected in parallel. FIG. 4 illustrates the case where the minimum parallel number of the series units is 2, but the same effect can be obtained even when the parallel number is 3 or more. In FIG. 4, the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1 is omitted. 4 differs from FIG. 2 in that a series unit in which cells 13a ′ to 13f ′ including explosion-proof valves 11a ′ to 11f ′ and cell elements 12a ′ to 12f ′ are connected in series is connected in parallel. Is a point.
As in the case of FIG. 2, when the current flowing from the cell 13a to the switching element 15b flows through the reactor 14, and the switching element 15b is in the conductive state, the explosion-proof valve 11d is opened due to the increase in the internal pressure of the cell 13d. think of. In this case, since a current flows through the series unit of the cells 13a ′ to 13f ′, the counter electromotive force is hardly generated in the reactor 14. In addition, the voltage across the series unit of the cells 13a to 13f with the explosion-proof valve opened is equal to the voltage across the series unit of the cells 13a 'to 13f' connected in parallel, and considering the voltage of the cells 13a to 13f, Little voltage is applied to the valve 11d. FIG. 4 shows the case where the series number of the series units is 6, but the voltage applied to the opened explosion-proof valve in the same way even when the series number becomes larger than 6, the voltage of the power storage device is , Become a small value. Therefore, even when the number of series units is increased to configure a power storage device having a higher voltage than the explosion-proof valve built in the cell, no arc is generated when the explosion-proof valve is opened. That is, a high-voltage power storage device can be configured regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve. In other words, even if the explosion-proof valve is opened, such as maintaining a state where multiple series units are connected in parallel, if the voltage of the series unit with the explosion-proof valve opened is maintained, the voltage is applied to the opened explosion-proof valve. Can be kept low.
In the power storage device of FIG. 1, the number of series cells is 6 and the number of parallel cells is 6, but the number of series is not limited, and the number of parallel cells may be 2 or more.
Moreover, although the structure which has the reactor 14 was demonstrated in the present Example, the effect of this invention can be achieved also in the structure which does not have the reactor 14. FIG.

第５図に本発明の第２の実施例の蓄電装置の構成を示す。尚、第１図と同一の構成については、同じ符号を付けて説明を省略する。第５図において、直列ユニット１０２ａと直列ユニット１０２ｂ，直列ユニット１０２ｃと直列ユニット１０２ｄ、及び直列ユニット１０２ｅと直列ユニット１０２ｆはそれぞれ並列接続されて２並列回路を構成している。さらに遮断器４０３ａ〜４０３ｃは、それぞれ２並列回路に直列に接続されており、２並列回路は、遮断器４０３ａ〜４０３ｃを介して端子１０５ａに接続されている。コントローラ４０４は直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆの状態を監視し、直列ユニットに異常が発生した場合には、対応する遮断器４０３ａ〜４０３ｃを開放することにより、直列ユニットを回路から切り離す。この切り離し動作により、切り離された直列ユニット分だけ蓄電装置の性能は低下するが、蓄電装置の使用を継続することができる。尚、セル１０１ａ〜１０１ｆに内蔵される防爆弁の耐圧は、直列ユニット１０２ｂ〜１０２ｆの電圧より低い。
第５図に示す構成の場合、遮断器４０３ａ〜４０３ｃの状態によらず、直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆは二個単位で切り離されるため、直列ユニットが単独で接続されて導通状態となることはない。このため、実施例１の説明の中で述べたように、防爆弁が開放した場合に負荷への電流の供給が継続され、さらに他の導通状態の直列ユニットの電圧と防爆弁の開放した直列ユニットの電圧が等しくなるため、防爆弁に印加される電圧は、小さな値となる。つまり、防爆弁の耐圧性能によらず高電圧な蓄電装置を構成することが可能である。
尚、第２図の蓄電装置では、遮断器に接続される直列ユニットの並列数は２であるが、並列数が複数であれば、同様の効果が得られる。また、遮断器も３個の例を示しているが、１個を含め、個数に制限はない。FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, about the same structure as FIG. 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. In FIG. 5, the series unit 102a and the series unit 102b, the series unit 102c and the series unit 102d, and the series unit 102e and the series unit 102f are respectively connected in parallel to form a two parallel circuit. Furthermore, the circuit breakers 403a to 403c are respectively connected in series to two parallel circuits, and the two parallel circuits are connected to the terminal 105a via the circuit breakers 403a to 403c. The controller 404 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f, and when an abnormality occurs in the series unit, the series unit is disconnected from the circuit by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 403a to 403c. By this disconnection operation, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial unit, but the use of the power storage device can be continued. In addition, the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve built in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f.
In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the series units 102a to 102f are disconnected in units of two regardless of the state of the circuit breakers 403a to 403c, so that the series units are not connected independently and become conductive. For this reason, as described in the description of the first embodiment, when the explosion-proof valve is opened, the supply of current to the load is continued, and the voltage of another series unit in the conductive state and the series where the explosion-proof valve is opened. Since the unit voltages are equal, the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve is a small value. That is, a high-voltage power storage device can be configured regardless of the pressure resistance performance of the explosion-proof valve.
In the power storage device of FIG. 2, the parallel number of the series units connected to the circuit breaker is 2, but the same effect can be obtained if the parallel number is plural. Moreover, although the example of three circuit breakers is shown, the number is not limited including one.

第６図に本発明の第３の実施例の蓄電装置の構成を示す。尚、第１図及び第５図と同一の構成については、同じ符号を付けて説明を省略する。第６図において、コントローラ３０４は直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆの状態を監視し、直列ユニットに防爆弁の開放を含む異常が発生した場合には、対応する遮断器１０３ａ〜１０３ｆを開放することにより、直列ユニットを回路から切り離す。この切り離し動作により、切り離された直列ユニット分だけ蓄電装置の性能は低下するが、蓄電装置の使用を継続することができる。尚、セル１０１ａ〜１０１ｆに内蔵される防爆弁の耐圧は、直列ユニット１０２ｂ〜１０２ｆの電圧より低い。また、コンデンサ１０６は、端子１０５ａと１０５ｂに接続されている。さらに、直列ユニット１０２ａ〜１０２ｆ，遮断器１０３ａ〜１０３ｆ，端子１０５ａ〜１０５ｂ、及びコンデンサ１０６は一つのバッテリ箱１０７に格納されている。
第６図に示す構成において、遮断器１０３ａ〜１０３ｆのうち１個だけがオンしている状態で防爆弁が開放した場合を考える。この場合、コンデンサ１０６から負荷へ電流が供給され、並列に接続されている防爆弁の開放した直列ユニットの電圧はコンデンサ１０６により保持されるため、防爆弁に印加される電圧は、小さな値となる。コンデンサ１０６の放電に伴い、コンデンサ１０６の電圧が徐々に低下すると防爆弁に印加される電圧も徐々に上昇する。このとき、コントローラ３０４が防爆弁の開放を検知して、１個だけオンしていた遮断器を開放すれば、当該防爆弁が開放した直列ユニットは回路から切り離されるため、防爆弁に耐圧を超えるような高電圧が印加されることはない。また、遮断器１０３ａ〜１０３ｆが複数オンしている場合には、上述したように問題はない。よって、高電圧な蓄電装置を構成することが可能である。
尚、第６図の蓄電装置では、セルの直列数が６、並列数が６の場合を示しているが、直列数及び並列数に制限はない。FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the power storage device of the third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, about the same structure as FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. In FIG. 6, the controller 304 monitors the state of the series units 102a to 102f, and when an abnormality including the opening of the explosion-proof valve occurs in the series unit, by opening the corresponding circuit breakers 103a to 103f, Disconnect the unit from the circuit. By this disconnection operation, the performance of the power storage device is reduced by the amount of the disconnected serial unit, but the use of the power storage device can be continued. In addition, the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve built in the cells 101a to 101f is lower than the voltage of the series units 102b to 102f. The capacitor 106 is connected to the terminals 105a and 105b. Further, the series units 102a to 102f, the circuit breakers 103a to 103f, the terminals 105a to 105b, and the capacitor 106 are stored in one battery box 107.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 6, consider a case where the explosion-proof valve is opened while only one of the circuit breakers 103a to 103f is on. In this case, current is supplied from the capacitor 106 to the load, and the voltage of the series unit with the explosion-proof valve connected in parallel is held by the capacitor 106. Therefore, the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve becomes a small value. . As the capacitor 106 discharges, the voltage applied to the explosion-proof valve gradually increases as the voltage of the capacitor 106 gradually decreases. At this time, if the controller 304 detects the opening of the explosion-proof valve and opens the circuit breaker that has been turned on only one, the series unit with the explosion-proof valve opened is disconnected from the circuit, so the explosion-proof valve exceeds the pressure resistance. Such a high voltage is not applied. Further, when a plurality of circuit breakers 103a to 103f are turned on, there is no problem as described above. Thus, a high-voltage power storage device can be configured.
6 shows the case where the number of series cells is 6 and the number of parallel cells is 6, the number of series and the number of parallel cells are not limited.

第７図に、上述した蓄電装置を鉄道車両に搭載した実施例の構成を示す。鉄道車両は、エンジン１，発電機２，コンバータ３，インバータ４，２台の電動機５，バッテリ箱１０７，昇降圧チョッパ１８、及びコントローラ３０４により構成される。ここで、バッテリ箱１０７は、上述の実施例１〜３のいずれかに示した蓄電装置で構成される。エンジン１により駆動される発電機２が出力する交流電圧をコンバータ３で直流電圧に変換し、インバータ４で可変電圧可変周波数の交流電圧に変換し電動機５及び車輪を駆動する。昇降圧チョッパ１８はインバータ４と並列に接続され、蓄電装置の充放電を制御する。
鉄道車両が制動状態の時には、電動機５からの回生電力を、インバータ４及び昇降圧チョッパ１８を介してバッテリ箱１０７に搭載された蓄電装置のセルに充電する。鉄道車両が力行状態の時には、セルの充電率に応じて、バッテリ箱１０７から昇降圧チョッパを介して、コンバータ３と共にインバータ４に電力を供給して、アシストを行う。蓄電装置として、バッテリ箱１０７を用いることにより、長編成や高速車両など高出力高電圧が要求される車両への適用が可能となる。
実施例４では、実施例１〜３に記載の蓄電装置をバッテリ箱として構成し、鉄道車両に搭載する例を示したが、実施例１〜３に記載の蓄電装置の用途は鉄道車両に限られるものではなく、多数のセルを直列に接続した大容量の蓄電装置を用いる分野であれば、さまざま用途に適用可能である。FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an embodiment in which the above-described power storage device is mounted on a railway vehicle. The railway vehicle includes an engine 1, a generator 2, a converter 3, an inverter 4, two electric motors 5, a battery box 107, a step-up / down chopper 18, and a controller 304. Here, the battery box 107 includes the power storage device shown in any one of the first to third embodiments. The AC voltage output from the generator 2 driven by the engine 1 is converted into a DC voltage by the converter 3, and the inverter 4 converts the AC voltage into an AC voltage having a variable voltage and a variable frequency, thereby driving the motor 5 and the wheels. The step-up / down chopper 18 is connected in parallel with the inverter 4 and controls charging / discharging of the power storage device.
When the railway vehicle is in a braking state, the regenerative electric power from the electric motor 5 is charged to the cell of the power storage device mounted on the battery box 107 via the inverter 4 and the step-up / step-down chopper 18. When the railway vehicle is in a power running state, electric power is supplied from the battery box 107 to the inverter 4 together with the converter 3 via the step-up / step-down chopper according to the charging rate of the cell to perform assist. By using the battery box 107 as the power storage device, it can be applied to a vehicle requiring a high output high voltage such as a long train or a high-speed vehicle.
In the fourth embodiment, the power storage device described in the first to third embodiments is configured as a battery box and mounted on a railway vehicle. However, the use of the power storage device described in the first to third embodiments is limited to the rail vehicle. However, the present invention can be applied to various applications as long as it is a field using a large-capacity power storage device in which a large number of cells are connected in series.

１４ リアクトル
１５ａ，１５ｂ スイッチング素子
１０１ａ〜１０１ｆ セル
１０２ａ〜１０２ｆ 直列ユニット
１０３ａ〜１０３ｆ，４０３ａ〜４０３ｃ 遮断器
１０４，３０４，４０４ コントローラ
１０６ コンデンサ
１０７ バッテリ箱14 Reactors 15a and 15b Switching elements 101a to 101f Cells 102a to 102f Series units 103a to 103f, 403a to 403c Breakers 104, 304, 404 Controller 106 Capacitor 107 Battery box

Claims (10)

内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記防爆弁が開放した際に、前記開放した防爆弁を有する直列ユニットの電圧の上昇を抑制する手段を備えたことを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device including a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A power storage device comprising: means for suppressing an increase in voltage of the series unit having the opened explosion-proof valve when the explosion-proof valve is opened. 内部の電圧上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、
前記直列ユニットの異常を検出して前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備え、
前記直列ユニットと前記遮断器とを備える直列回路は、複数並列接続されており、
前記コントローラは、前記遮断器が１個だけ導通状態になることを防止するように前記遮断器の開放を制御することを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device comprising a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electrical circuit due to an internal voltage rise are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A circuit breaker connected in series with the series unit;
A controller for detecting an abnormality of the series unit and opening the circuit breaker,
A plurality of series circuits each including the series unit and the circuit breaker are connected in parallel.
The power storage device, wherein the controller controls opening of the circuit breaker so as to prevent only one of the circuit breakers from being turned on. 内部の電圧上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記直列ユニットを複数並列接続した回路と直列に接続された遮断器と、
前記直列ユニットの異常を検出して前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device comprising a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electrical circuit due to an internal voltage rise are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A circuit breaker connected in series with a circuit in which a plurality of the series units are connected in parallel;
A power storage device comprising: a controller that detects an abnormality of the series unit and opens the circuit breaker. 内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記直列ユニットと並列に接続されたコンデンサを備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device including a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A power storage device comprising a capacitor connected in parallel with the series unit. 請求項４に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、
前記直列ユニットの異常を検出して前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備え、
前記直列ユニットと前記遮断器とを備える直列回路は、複数並列接続されていることを特徴とする蓄電装置。The power storage device according to claim 4,
A circuit breaker connected in series with the series unit;
A controller for detecting an abnormality of the series unit and opening the circuit breaker,
A plurality of series circuits each including the series unit and the circuit breaker are connected in parallel. 請求項４に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、
前記防爆弁の開放を検知する手段と、
開放を検知した前記防爆弁を有する直列ユニットに接続された前記遮断器を開放するコントローラとを備えることを特徴とする蓄電装置。The power storage device according to claim 4,
A circuit breaker connected in series with the series unit;
Means for detecting the opening of the explosion-proof valve;
A power storage device comprising: a controller that opens the circuit breaker connected to a series unit having the explosion-proof valve that detects opening. 請求項４に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットと前記遮断機と前記コンデンサとが、同一の箱に格納されたことを特徴とする蓄電装置。The power storage device according to claim 4,
The power storage device, wherein the series unit, the circuit breaker, and the capacitor are stored in the same box. 内部の電圧上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記直列ユニットと直列に接続された遮断器と、
前記直列ユニットと遮断器の直列回路と並列に接続されたコンデンサと、
２個のスイッチング素子を互いに直列に接続し、一方のスイッチング素子の両端子をリアクトルを介して前記コンデンサと接続したことを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device comprising a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electrical circuit due to an internal voltage rise are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A circuit breaker connected in series with the series unit;
A capacitor connected in parallel with the series circuit of the series unit and circuit breaker;
An electrical storage device, wherein two switching elements are connected in series with each other, and both terminals of one switching element are connected to the capacitor via a reactor. 発電機により発電される交流電力を直流電力へ変換するコンバータと、
前記直流電力を電動機駆動用の交流電力へ変換するインバータを備える鉄道車両において、
前記コンバータおよび前記インバータの直流部に接続された蓄電装置を備え、
前記蓄電装置は、請求項１〜８に記載の蓄電装置であって、前記電動機からの回生電力を充電することを特徴とする鉄道車両。A converter that converts AC power generated by the generator into DC power;
In a railway vehicle comprising an inverter that converts the DC power into AC power for driving an electric motor,
A power storage device connected to the converter and the DC part of the inverter;
The electric storage device according to claim 1, wherein the electric storage device charges regenerative electric power from the electric motor. 内部の圧力上昇により電気回路を開放する防爆弁を有する複数のセルを直列接続した直列ユニットを備える蓄電装置において、
前記直列ユニットの電圧は前記防爆弁の耐圧より高く、
前記防爆弁が開放した際に、前記直列ユニットが複数並列接続されていることを特徴とする蓄電装置。In a power storage device including a series unit in which a plurality of cells having explosion-proof valves that open an electric circuit due to an internal pressure increase are connected in series,
The voltage of the series unit is higher than the pressure resistance of the explosion-proof valve,
A plurality of the series units are connected in parallel when the explosion-proof valve is opened.
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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61113377U (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-17
JPH0696803A (en) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-08 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Explosion-proof sealed battery

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JP4321192B2 (en) * 2003-09-18 2009-08-26 パナソニック株式会社 Capacitor unit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61113377U (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-17
JPH0696803A (en) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-08 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Explosion-proof sealed battery

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