JP5060001B2 - Styrenic expandable resin particles and molded foam - Google Patents

Styrenic expandable resin particles and molded foam Download PDF

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JP5060001B2
JP5060001B2 JP2001201140A JP2001201140A JP5060001B2 JP 5060001 B2 JP5060001 B2 JP 5060001B2 JP 2001201140 A JP2001201140 A JP 2001201140A JP 2001201140 A JP2001201140 A JP 2001201140A JP 5060001 B2 JP5060001 B2 JP 5060001B2
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styrene
resin particles
weight
styrenic
amount
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JP2002356575A (en
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英則 南川
香純 林
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JSP Corp
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JSP Corp
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Description

【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は,スチレンやトルエン,キシレン等の揮発性溶剤類の含有量が少ない発泡成形体を製造することができる,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子,及びこれを用いた発泡成形体に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は比較的安価で,特殊な方法を用いずに低圧の蒸気等で発泡成形ができ,高い緩衝・断熱の効果が得られる社会的に有用な材料である。多くのスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,発泡性,成形時の融着性を高めるために,意図的にスチレンが残存されていたり,トルエン等の可塑剤が使用されていた。
【0003】
最近,建築分野において,スチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン等芳香族系溶剤類の放散量の少ない材料の要望が強くなっている。しかしながら,従来の建材分野に使用されるスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子はスチレン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン等の芳香族系溶剤類を含んでいる。このため,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を住宅の断熱材に用いた場合,厚生労働省が定めた放散する芳香族系溶剤類の環境指針濃度を越えないようにするには,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を発泡成形した後にある程度,時には数か月以上の熟成期間が必要であった。
【0004】
また,スチレンモノマー,トルエン,キシレン等の芳香族成分はスチレン系樹脂に対して優れた可塑効果を持つため,単にこれらの成分の含有量を低下させるだけでは,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の発泡性が悪くなり高倍化するのが困難になったり,成形時における予備発泡粒子同士の融着が低下する問題がある。また,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の発泡性を補うためにスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の基材樹脂の分子量を低下させると,機械的強度が低下するという欠点があった。
【0005】
【解決しようとする課題】
本発明はかかる従来の問題点に鑑み,優れた発泡性をもち,発泡成形体にしたときに高い機械的強度を発揮できかつ放散する芳香族溶剤類が少ないスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子,及びこれを用いた発泡成形体を提供しようとするものである。
【0006】
【課題の解決手段】
第一の発明は,残留スチレンモノマーが0.1重量%以下であり,エチルベンゼン,トルエン,O−キシレン,m−キシレン,p−キシレン,i−プロピルベンゼン及びn−プロピルベンゼンのグループから選ばれる1種または2種以上からなる芳香族系溶剤の合計が0.2重量%以下であり,常温で液体のパラフィン類から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の可塑剤0.1〜5重量%,及び10〜62重量%のペンタンを含む発泡剤を含有することを特徴とするスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子である(請求項1)。
【0007】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,優れた発泡性を有し,成形時の融着性に優れ,発泡成形体にした際の機械的強度にも優れる。また,その発泡成形体は,スチレン,トルエン,キシレン類,エチルベンゼン,プロピルベンゼン等の芳香族系溶剤の放散量が少ない。
【0008】
第二発明は,上記第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を予備発泡させた後に成形してなることを特徴とする発泡成形体である(請求項)。
【0009】
第二発明の発泡成形体は,上記第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を発泡成形したものであるため,発泡倍率が高く,また機械的強度も高く,芳香族溶剤類の放散は少ない。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
第一発明において,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中の残留スチレンモノマー量が0.1重量%以下である。残留スチレンモノマーが0.1重量%を越えると発泡成形体にして住宅建材として用いた場合,施工直後のスチレンモノマー放散量が多くなるため,厚生労働省の定めたスチレンモノマーの環境指針濃度未満にするには数か月以上の養生期間を要してしまう場合が生じる。
一方,スチレンモノマーの下限量は少ないほど発泡成形体にした際の放散量が少なくなるため好ましいが,0.0001重量%より少なくするのは製造コストが大幅に増加してしまうので,通常は0.0001重量%以上が好ましい。
【0011】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中の,エチルベンゼン,トルエン,O−キシレン,m−キシレン,p−キシレン,i−プロピルベンゼン,n−プロピルベンゼン等からなる芳香族系溶剤の合計が0.2重量%以下である。これらは工業用のスチレンモノマーにも不純物として含まれるため,意図的に添加しなくてもある程度の量はスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子に含有されることがあるが,この場合でもこれらの合計量が0.2重量%を越えないことが必要である。
上記芳香族溶剤の合計が0.2重量%を超える場合には,発泡成形体としたときの芳香族溶剤の放散量が多くなる。
【0012】
残留スチレンモノマー量を上記範囲内にする方法については,特に限定はされないが,例えば懸濁重合時において開始剤として過酸化ベンゾイルや脂肪族パーオキシエステルを使用することが有効である。通常,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の重合は70℃〜110℃で重合の第1段階を行い,100℃〜130℃で重合の第2段階を行っており,低温部の開始剤(第1段階)と高温部の開始剤(第2段階)を使用する。例えば,低温部の開始剤として,10時間半減期を得るための温度が72〜80℃であるベンゾイルパーオキサイドやパーオキシエステル系脂肪族過酸化物を用い,高温部の開始剤として,10時間半減期を得るための温度が90〜120℃であるパーオキシエステル系脂肪族過酸化物を用い,これらを組み合わせて使用する方法が挙げられる。これらの物質は,残留モノマー量を上記範囲になるように組み合わせることが出来る。
【0013】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,常温で液体のパラフィン類から選ばれた少なくとも1つ以上の可塑剤を0.1〜5重量%含有していることが必要である。
ここでいう,常温で液体のパラフィン類は,例えば,平均炭素数が20〜35個で,CmHn(n<2m+1,mは炭素数)で示される分岐構造や環構造を有する脂環式炭化水素化合物の混合物で,平均炭素数が20〜35個のパラフィン類である。パラフィン類の平均炭素数が20個未満では揮発するため好ましくなく,35個を超えるとスチレン樹脂との相溶性が低下し可塑効果が低く目標の発泡倍率まで発泡させることができない。好ましくは20〜30個である。
【0016】
上記可塑剤は,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中に0.1〜5重量%含有させることが必要である。0.1重量%未満の場合は,可塑化効果が少なく,高い発泡倍率を得るのが困難になるばかりでなく,発泡成形体にしたときの樹脂粒子同士の融着性や外観性が悪くなる。また,5重量%を超える場合には,発泡成形体としたときの強度が低下するおそれがあり,耐熱性が悪化し,製造コストも高くなる。
【0017】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得るために使用できるスチレン系単量体としては,スチレン,α−メチルスチレン,o−メチルスチレン,m−メチルスチレン,p−メチルスチレン,ビニルトルエン,p−エチルスチレン,2,4−ジメチルスチレン,p−メトキシスチレン,p−フェニルスチレン,o−クロロスチレン,m−クロロスチレン,p−クロロスチレン,2,4−ジクロロスチレン,p−n−ブチルスチレン,p−t−ブチルスチレン,p−n−ヘキシルスチレン,p−オクチルスチレン,スチレンスルホン酸,スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
これらのスチレン系単量体は1種類を単独,または2種以上を混合して使用することができるが,スチレンを主成分として用いることが製造コストの点,成形加工性が容易な点で好ましい。
【0018】
また,アクリル酸メチル,アクリル酸エチル,アクリル酸プロピル,アクリル酸ブチル,アクリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル等のアクリル酸の炭素数1〜10のアルキルエステル;メタクリル酸メチル,メタクリル酸エチル,メタクリル酸プロピル,メタクリル酸ブチル,メタクリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル等のメタクリル酸の炭素数1〜10のアルキルエステル;ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート,ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート,ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート,ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート,ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート,ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート等の水酸基を有する不飽和化合物;アクリロニトリル,メタクリロニトリル等のニトリル基含有不飽和化合物;酢酸ビニル,プロピオン酸ビニル等の有機酸ビニル化合物;エチレン,プロピレン,1−ブテン,2−ブテン,イソブテン等の不飽和モノオレフィン類;ブタジエン,イソプレン,クロロプレン等のジエン化合物;塩化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン,臭化ビニル,フッ化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル;ビニルメチルケトン,ビニルエチルケトン,ビニルヘキシルケトン等のビニルケトン類;ビニルメチルエーテル,ビニルエチルエーテル,ビニルイソブチルエーテル等のビニルエーテル類;N−ビニルピロリドン,N−ビニルインドール,N−ビニルカルバゾール,N−ビニルピロール等のN−ビニル化合物;アクリルアミド,メタクリルアミド,N−メチロールアクリルアミド,N−メチロールメタクリルアミド等のアミド基を有する不飽和化合物;アクリル酸,メタクリル酸,イタコン酸等の不飽和カルボン酸;N−フェニルマレイミド,N−(メチル)フェニルマレイミド,N−(ヒドロキシ)フェニルマレイミド,N−(メトキシ)フェニルマレイミド,N−安息香酸マレイミド,N−メチルマレイミド,N−エチルマレイミド,N−n−プロピルマレイミド,N−イソプロピルマレイミド,N−n−ブチルマレイミド,N−イソブチルマレイミド,N−t−ブチルマレイミド等のマレイミド系化合物;ジビニルベンゼン,エチレングリコールジメタクリレート等の架橋性多官能ビニル化合物;グリシジルアクリレート,グリシジルメタクリレート等のエポキシ基を有する不飽和化合物,などの各種のビニル系化合物を併用しても良い。
【0019】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得る際に用いる重合開始剤としては,たとえばアゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のアゾ系化合物,クメンヒドロパーオキサイド,ジクミルパーオキサイド,t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート,t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート,ベンゾイルパーオキサイド,t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート,t−ブチルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート,1,1−ジメチルプロピルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート,1,1−ジメチルブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート,ペンチルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート,ヘキシルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート,ラウロイルパーオキサイド,1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン,1,1−ジ−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチルシクロヘキサン等のスチレン系単量体に可溶な開始剤が挙げられる。これらの重合開始剤は,特にスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を懸濁重合により得る際に有効である。
上記の重合開始剤は,1種類を単独で,または2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
【0020】
重合開始剤の使用量は,仕込み単量体の全重量100重量部に対して0.01〜3重量部が好ましい。0.01重量部未満では重合速度が遅くなり過ぎ,逆に3重量部を超えると分子量が下がり過ぎて発泡成形体の強度が低下し過ぎるばかりでなく製造コストも高くなる。
【0021】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を懸濁重合により得るために使用される懸濁剤としては,例えばポリビニルアルコール,メチルセルロース,ポリビニルピロリドン等の水溶性高分子,ピロリン酸マグネシウム,第3燐酸カルシウム等の難溶性無機塩等を用いることができ,これらは界面活性剤を併用してもよい。なお,難溶性無機塩を用いる場合は,アルキルスルホン酸ソーダ,ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ等のアニオン性界面活性剤を併用するのが好ましい。
【0022】
懸濁剤の使用量は,仕込み単量体の全重量100重量部に対し0.01〜5.0重量部が好ましい。前記した難溶性無機塩とアニオン性界面活性剤との併用系では,それぞれ仕込み単量体の全重量100重量部に対し,難溶性無機塩を0.05〜3.0重量部,アニオン性界面活性剤を0.0001〜0.5重量部用いることが好ましい。
尚,単量体の水性媒体への添加方法は,予め一括に仕込んでもよいし,徐々に添加しながら行っても良い(特公昭46−2987号,特公昭49−2994号参照)。
【0023】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得るために使用される発泡剤は,沸点が60℃以下であることが好ましく,かかる発泡剤としては,たとえばプロパン,ノルマルブタン,イソブタン,ノルマルペンタン,イソペンタン,ネオペンタン,ヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素;シクロブタン,シクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素等の物理発泡剤;炭酸ガス,窒素,アンモニア等の無機ガスが挙げられる。これらの発泡剤は1種類を単独で,又は2種以上を併用して使用できる。
【0024】
発泡剤は,通常,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の発泡剤含有量が1〜20重量%になる程度の量が供給される。環境に及ぼす影響を考慮した場合,発泡剤含有量は少なければ少ない方が良い。目的とする発泡倍率に従って含有量を調整すれば良い。より好ましくは3〜8重量%の範囲で選ばれる。
【0025】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の分子量は,GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフ)法により測定したスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の重量平均分子量(Mw)の値で,18万〜35万の間にあることが好ましい。この場合には,予備発泡粒子同士がよく融着し,かつ高い機械的強度をもつ発泡成形体が得られる。また,Mwが18万未満では,発泡成形体の強度が低下するおそれがある。一方,35万を超えると,予備発泡及び発泡成型時において基材樹脂の伸びが不足し,発泡成形体の融着や外観に悪影響を及ぼすため好ましくない。
【0026】
また,スチレン系単量体には,気泡形成剤としてのメタクリル酸メチル系共重合体,ポリエチレンワックス,タルク,エチレンビスステアリルアミド,メチレンビスステアリルアミド,エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂等を添加しておくことができる。
【0027】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子には,さらに,帯電防止剤,導電化剤,セル核剤,粒度分布調整剤等の一般的にスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の製造に使用されている添加剤を適宜添加したり,ブタジエンゴム,スチレン・ブタジエンゴム等のゴム成分を混合することもできる。
【0028】
第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得るにあたっては,特に限定されないが,スチレン単量体を主成分とする単量体を重合してスチレン系樹脂粒子とし,製造工程中に発泡剤を添加してスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得る。
単量体の重合は,たとえば,懸濁重合,バルク重合,乳化重合などの工業的な製造方法によって行われるのが一般的である。
【0029】
発泡剤を添加するにあたっては,i)スチレン系樹脂を押し出し機でペレット化する際,発泡剤を注入する方法,ii)スチレン系樹脂粒子を押し出し機によってペレット化した後に,発泡剤を含浸させる方法,iii)スチレン系樹脂粒子を押し出し機或いは懸濁重合によって製造したのちに発泡剤を含浸させる方法,iv)スチレン系単量体を重合開始剤及び懸濁剤の存在下で水性媒体中に分散させた後に重合反応を開始し,懸濁重合中に発泡剤を添加するか,又はv)重合後に発泡剤を含浸させる方法が挙げられる。
【0030】
スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を製造する際,予め熱処理を施しておいてもよい。熱処理は発泡剤を含有しているスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子に20〜60℃の温風をムラがないようにさらすことによって施すことが出来る。温風の流速は,0.1m/s以上であることが好ましい。
熱処理を施したスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,熱処理を施していないものに比べ,成形時の発泡粒子同士の融着が向上し発泡成形体の表面外観も向上するため好ましい。
【0031】
本発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,その表面にN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)脂肪アミン,アルキルジエタノールアミン,グリセリン,グリセリンモノステアレート等の帯電防止剤,ステアリン酸亜鉛等のブロッキング防止剤,グリセリントリステアレート等のハイサイクル剤,シリコーン等の融着改良ハイサイクル剤等をコーティングすることができる。
【0032】
上記可塑剤は,上記スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中に0.5〜5重量%含まれていることが好ましい(請求項2)。
上記芳香族系溶剤は,エチルベンゼン,トルエン,O−キシレン,m−キシレン,p−キシレン,i−プロピルベンゼン及びn−プロピルベンゼンのグループから選ばれる1種または2種以上からなることが好ましい
【0033】
上記発泡剤は,10〜70重量%のペンタンが含有されることが好ましいこれにより,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の発泡性を高めることが出来るので特に好ましい。10重量%未満の場合には,発泡性を高める効果は薄れ,70重量%を超える場合には,成形時の発泡粒子同士の融着が低下するおそれがある。
上記発泡剤の沸点は60℃以下が好ましい。
【0034】
上記スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,更に,難燃剤を0.3〜6重量%含有することが好ましい(請求項)。
特にスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を発泡成形して建材に用いる場合,難燃剤が0.3〜6重量%含有していることがJISで定める燃焼性試験に合格し易くなるため好ましい。6重量%を越えると燃焼性試験の向上程度は変わらずに製造コストが高くなるばかりで好ましくない。
【0035】
難燃剤は,JISで定める燃焼性試験に合格し易くなる観点から,臭素系であることが好ましい。臭素系難燃剤としては,具体的には,ヘキサブロモシクロドデカン,2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシエトキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,2,2−ビス(4−(2,3−ジブロモ)プロピルオキシ−3,5−ジブロモフェニル)プロパン,トリブロモフェノール,アリルエーテルなどがある。また,ジクミルパーオキサイド,ビスクミルなどのラジカル発生剤を組合わせることは,難燃剤の量を減らすことが可能になるため,好ましい。スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中のラジカル発生剤の量は0.01〜1重量%が好ましい。
【0036】
難燃剤を含む場合,上記スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,更に,0.3重量%以下のシクロヘキサンを有することが好ましい
難燃剤を含有させた状態でJISで定める燃焼性試験に合格し易くするためである。0.3重量%を越えると燃焼性試験に合格することが難しくなる。
難燃剤を添加する場合,更に難燃助剤を添加することが好ましい。
【0037】
難燃剤含有スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得る一つの具体的な方法としては,特に限定されることはないが,i)難燃剤含有スチレン系樹脂を押し出し機でペレット化する際,発泡剤を注入する方法,ii)難燃剤含有スチレン系樹脂粒子を押し出し機によってペレット化した後に,発泡剤を含浸させる方法,iii)スチレン系樹脂粒子を押し出し機或いは懸濁重合によって製造したのちに難燃剤と発泡剤を含浸させる方法,iv)スチレン系単量体を重合開始剤及び懸濁剤の存在下で水性媒体中に分散させた後に重合反応を開始し,懸濁重合中に発泡剤を添加するか,又は重合後に発泡剤を含浸させる方法が挙げられる。
【0038】
次に,第二発明の発泡成形体は,第一発明のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を予備発泡させて予備発泡樹脂粒子を得,それを成形したものである。
上記予備発泡を行うにあたっては,例えば円筒形の予備発泡機を用いて,スチーム等で加熱して発泡させる方法等がある。
上記成形を行うにあたっては,例えば,金型内に予備発泡粒子を充填し,スチーム等を吹き込んで加熱する所謂型内成形法が挙げられる。
この様にして得られた発泡成形体の密度は,通常10〜100g/Lの範囲であることが好ましい。10g/L未満の場合には,強度が不足し,100g/Lを超える場合には,経済的に不適当となる場合がある。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下に,本発明に関する参考例、実施例及び比較例につき説明する。
参考例1)
攪拌器付き50リットルオートクレーブに,イオン交換水18リットル,懸濁剤としての第3燐酸カルシウム(太平化学社製)40g,界面活性剤としてのドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.6gを投入した。
次いで攪拌下に,重合開始剤としてベンゾイルパーオキサイド45g,及びt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート22g,難燃助剤としてヘキブロモシクロドデカン135g,ジクミルパーオキサイド72g,可塑化剤としてのグリセリントリステアレート216gを,三菱化学社製スチレンモノマー18kgに溶解させたものを投入した。
【0040】
攪拌下で30分間室温のまま放置した後,1時間半かけて90℃まで昇温し,60℃で懸濁助剤としての過硫酸カリウムの0.1%水溶液を36g加え,そのまま7時間かけて120℃まで昇温した。途中,90℃到達から5時間経過したところで,発泡剤としてのブタン1260gとペンタン468gとをオートクレーブ内に圧入した。その後,120℃で2時間30分保持した後,4時間かけて30℃まで冷却した。
次いで,遠心分離器にて脱水し,酸洗浄してスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の表面の第3リン酸カルシウムを除去した。その後,流動乾燥装置で上面付着水分を除去し,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を得た。
【0041】
得られた発泡性ポリスチレン粒子から0.8mm〜1.4mmの範囲内の粒子を篩別し,その粒子に帯電防止剤としてN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)脂肪アミン0.005重量%,更にステアリン酸亜鉛0.13重量%,グリセリントリステアレート0.13重量%,グリセリンモノステアレート0.06重量%及びグリセリン0.025重量%の混合物でコートした。なお,その各重量%は発泡性ポリスチレン樹脂粒子に対する各成分の使用量の%である。
【0042】
得られた被覆発泡性ポリスチレン粒子を,加圧式発泡機(ダイセン工業社製DYH−850)内で内圧0.01MPaで70秒間蒸気加熱した後80秒間乾燥させ,嵩密度20g/1000ml(50倍)の予備発泡粒子を得た。こうして得られた予備発泡粒子を,1日室温で放置(熟成)した後,これを28cm×35cm×15cmの大きさの箱型の金型内に充填し,0.07MPaの水蒸気を20秒間吹き込んで加熱して発泡成形することにより,発泡成形体を得た。
【0043】
上記のようにして得られるスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の重量平均分子量,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子に含まれる残存スチレンモノマー量,溶剤類量,発泡剤に含まれるペンタン比率,発泡時の発泡性,発泡成形品中に含まれる残存スチレンモノマー量,溶剤類量,表面外観,融着度,燃焼試験を下記の方法で評価した。
【0044】
評価方法
重量平均分子量(MW);スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子をTHFの溶液にして,GPC法にて測定し,標準ポリスチレンで換算した。
残留スチレンモノマー量,溶剤類量;スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子または発泡成形品をジメチルホルムアミドの溶液にして,ポリエチレングリコールを充填剤に使用したカラムを用いたガスクロマトグラフィー法にて測定し,各成分を重量%で求めた。
【0045】
発泡剤中のペンタン比率;スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子をジメチルホルムアミドの溶液にしてポリエチレングリコールを充填剤に使用したカラムを用いたガスクロマトグラフィー法にて沸点が60℃以下の発泡剤成分を定量し,全発泡剤成分中のペンタンの比率を重量%で求めた。
発泡性;周知・慣用技術集(昭和57年8月3日特許庁刊発泡成形のP.38)に記載の箱形バッチ式予備発泡機で蒸気吹込圧力0.03MPa,蒸気吹込時間4分30秒で発泡試験を実施し,発泡粒子を常温で1日乾燥後,1Lのメスシリンダーに充填し,嵩体積と重量を測定することによって嵩密度を求めた。
【0046】
表面外観;発泡成形体の表面外観を目視により下記基準にて評価した。○;溶融した粒子はなく,粒子間の間隙もなく,見栄えがよい。△;溶融した粒子が表面にあるか又は粒子間に間隙があり見栄えが悪い。×;溶融した粒子があるか又は粒子間に間隙があり見栄えが著しく悪い。もしくは発泡成形体が得られない。
【0047】
融着度;発泡成形体において予備発泡粒子同士が完全に接着(融着)している割合であり,発泡成形体を割った断面において,予備発泡粒子の界面以外で裂けている割合を目視で測定した。
燃焼試験;発泡成形体を縦200mm,横25mm,厚さ10mmに切断して試験片とし,JIS A9511に準拠して燃焼試験を実施した。5回試験を実施し5回の消炎秒数の平均が3秒以下であり,かつ,燃焼限界線を越えないものを○合格とした。
【0048】
参考例2)
可塑剤として使用するグリセリントリステアレートの添加量を108gとする以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0049】
参考例3)
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤としてエステル類の一種である日本油脂社製牛脂硬化油を144g添加し,発泡剤としてペンタンを使用せずブタンの量を1746gとする以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0050】
参考例4)
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤として日本油脂社製牛脂硬化油を144g添加し,ブタンの量を720g,ペンタンの量を972gとする以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0051】
参考例5)
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤としてエステル類の一種であるココナットオイルを360g添加する以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0052】
(実施例
三菱化学社製工業用スチレンモノマーの代わりにエチルベンゼン・キシレン類を予め除去したスチレンモノマーを18kg用い,グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤として流動パラフィン(松村石油研究所(株)製モレスコホワイトP−350P)を270g添加する以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0053】
(実施例
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤として日本油脂社製牛脂硬化油を90g,流動パラフィン(松村石油研究所(株)製モレスコホワイトP−350P)を90g添加する以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0054】
参考例6
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤として日本油脂社製牛脂硬化油を36g添加し,ブタンの量を720g,ペンタンの量を972gとする以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0055】
(実施例
グリセリントリステアレートの代わりに可塑剤として流動パラフィン(松村石油研究所(株)製モレスコホワイトP−350P)を27g添加し,ブタンの量を720g,ペンタンの量を972gとする以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0056】
(比較例1)
可塑剤としてのグリセリントリステアレートの添加量を0とする他は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0057】
(比較例2)
可塑剤としてのグリセリントリステアレートの添加量を0とし,溶剤としてエチルベンゼン,キシレンの異性体を含む三菱石油社製工業用キシレンを180g添加した以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0058】
(比較例3)
可塑剤としてのグリセリントリステアレートの添加量を0とし,溶剤としてトルエンを180g添加した以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0059】
(比較例4)
重合温度パターンとして120℃で2時間30分保持するのを1時間とし,可塑剤としてのグリセリントリステアレートの添加量を0とする他は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。得られた発泡性樹脂粒子中の残存スチレンモノマーは0.51%であった。
【0060】
(比較例5)
グリセリントリステアレートの添加量を0とし,シクロヘキサンを90g,牛脂硬化油を90g添加する以外は,全て上記参考例1と同様に行った。
【0061】
以上の各参考例、各実施例及び各比較例における,スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の重量平均分子量,発泡性樹脂粒子に含まれる残存スチレンモノマー量,溶剤類量,発泡剤中のペンタン比率,発泡性嵩密度,発泡成形体の表面外観,融着度,燃焼性試験について,表1及び表2に示した。
【0062】
【表1】

Figure 0005060001
【0063】
【表2】
Figure 0005060001
【0064】
上記表1及び表2より,参考例及び実施例のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,発泡成形体としたときの残存スチレンモノマー量及び溶剤類が少なく,発泡性,表面外観,融着性が優れており,難燃剤を添加したときの燃焼性試験結果が優れていることが分かる。
【0065】
一方,比較例1では,可塑剤無添加であり,融着度が悪かった。
比較例2,3では,芳香族溶剤を1重量%添加しているため,樹脂粒子及び発泡成形体としたときに,芳香族溶剤が0.2重量%以上も残った。
比較例4では,重合時間が短く,樹脂粒子及び発泡成形体での残存スチレンモノマーが0.1重量%以上となった。
比較例5では,シクロヘキサンを0.5重量%添加しているため,消炎に時間を要した。[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a styrenic foamable resin particle capable of producing a foamed molded product having a low content of volatile solvents such as styrene, toluene and xylene, and a foamed molded product using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Styrenic expandable resin particles are relatively inexpensive and can be foam-molded with low-pressure steam, etc. without using a special method, and are socially useful materials that provide high buffering and heat insulation effects. Many styrene-based expandable resin particles have intentionally left styrene or used a plasticizer such as toluene in order to improve foamability and fusion during molding.
[0003]
In recent years, there has been a strong demand in the building field for materials that emit less aromatic solvents such as styrene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. However, styrene-based expandable resin particles used in the conventional building materials field contain aromatic solvents such as styrene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. For this reason, when styrene foam resin particles are used as heat insulation materials for houses, styrene foam resin particles are used in order not to exceed the environmental guideline concentration of aromatic solvents released by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. After foam molding, some aging, sometimes several months or more, was required.
[0004]
In addition, since aromatic components such as styrene monomer, toluene, and xylene have an excellent plasticizing effect on styrene resins, the foamability of styrene-based expandable resin particles can be reduced simply by reducing the content of these components. However, it becomes difficult to increase the magnification, and there is a problem that the fusion between the pre-expanded particles at the time of molding is lowered. In addition, when the molecular weight of the base resin of the styrene foam resin particles is reduced in order to supplement the foamability of the styrene foam resin particles, there is a drawback that the mechanical strength is lowered.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved]
In view of such conventional problems, the present invention provides a styrenic foamable resin particle having excellent foamability, capable of exhibiting high mechanical strength when made into a foamed molded article, and having a small amount of aromatic solvent to be diffused, and the same. An object of the present invention is to provide a foamed molded article using the above.
[0006]
[Means for solving problems]
  In the first invention, the residual styrene monomer is 0.1% by weight or less,It consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylbenzene, toluene, O-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, i-propylbenzene and n-propylbenzene.0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one plasticizer selected from paraffins that are liquid at room temperature, the total of aromatic solvents being 0.2% by weight or less, andContains 10-62% by weight pentaneStyrenic foamable resin particles characterized by containing a foaming agent (claim 1).
[0007]
The styrenic expandable resin particles of the first invention have excellent foamability, excellent fusion during molding, and excellent mechanical strength when formed into a foamed molded product. In addition, the foamed molded product has a small amount of emission of aromatic solvents such as styrene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, and propylbenzene.
[0008]
  The second invention is a foamed molded article obtained by pre-foaming the styrenic foamable resin particles of the first invention (claim).4).
[0009]
Since the foam-molded article of the second invention is obtained by foam-molding the styrene-based expandable resin particles of the first invention, the foaming ratio is high, the mechanical strength is also high, and the aromatic solvents are hardly diffused.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the first invention, the amount of residual styrene monomer in the styrene-based expandable resin particles is 0.1% by weight or less. If the residual styrene monomer exceeds 0.1% by weight, the amount of styrene monomer released immediately after construction will increase when the foamed molded product is used as a housing building material. May require a curing period of several months or more.
On the other hand, it is preferable that the lower limit amount of the styrene monomer is small, because the amount of emission when the foamed molded product is reduced is preferable. However, if the amount is less than 0.0001% by weight, the manufacturing cost is greatly increased. 0.0001% by weight or more is preferable.
[0011]
The total of aromatic solvents composed of ethylbenzene, toluene, O-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, i-propylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, etc. in the styrene-based expandable resin particles is 0.2% by weight or less. It is. Since these are also included as impurities in industrial styrene monomers, some amount may be contained in the styrene-based expandable resin particles even if not intentionally added. It is necessary not to exceed 0.2% by weight.
When the total amount of the aromatic solvents exceeds 0.2% by weight, the amount of the aromatic solvent emitted when the foamed molded body is obtained increases.
[0012]
The method for bringing the amount of residual styrene monomer within the above range is not particularly limited. For example, it is effective to use benzoyl peroxide or an aliphatic peroxyester as an initiator during suspension polymerization. Usually, the polymerization of the styrenic expandable resin particles is performed at a first stage of polymerization at 70 ° C to 110 ° C and at a second stage of polymerization at 100 ° C to 130 ° C. ) And high temperature part initiator (second stage). For example, benzoyl peroxide or peroxyester aliphatic peroxide having a temperature for obtaining a 10-hour half-life of 72 to 80 ° C. is used as an initiator for the low temperature part, and 10 hours as an initiator for the high temperature part. A method in which peroxyester aliphatic peroxides having a temperature for obtaining a half-life of 90 to 120 ° C. are used in combination is used. These substances can be combined so that the residual monomer amount is in the above range.
[0013]
  Styrenic expandable resin particles are paraffin that is liquid at room temperature.LikeIt is necessary to contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one plasticizer selected from the above.
  The paraffins which are liquid at normal temperature here are, for example, alicyclic hydrocarbons having an average carbon number of 20 to 35 and having a branched structure or a ring structure represented by CmHn (n <2m + 1, where m is the number of carbon atoms). It is a mixture of compounds and paraffins having an average carbon number of 20 to 35. If the average carbon number of the paraffins is less than 20, it is not preferable because it volatilizes. If it exceeds 35, the compatibility with the styrene resin is lowered, the plastic effect is low, and it is impossible to foam to the target expansion ratio. The number is preferably 20-30.
[0016]
The plasticizer must be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight in the styrene-based expandable resin particles. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the plasticizing effect is small and it is difficult not only to obtain a high expansion ratio, but also the fusing property and appearance of the resin particles when formed into a foamed molded product are deteriorated. . On the other hand, if it exceeds 5% by weight, the strength of the foamed molded product may be lowered, the heat resistance is deteriorated, and the production cost is increased.
[0017]
Examples of the styrenic monomer that can be used to obtain the styrenic expandable resin particles of the first invention include styrene, α-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, p. -Ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, pn-butylstyrene, Examples thereof include pt-butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, p-octyl styrene, styrene sulfonic acid, sodium styrene sulfonate, and the like.
These styrenic monomers can be used singly or in combination of two or more, but it is preferable to use styrene as a main component from the viewpoint of production cost and easy molding processability. .
[0018]
In addition, alkyl esters having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of acrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, C1-C10 alkyl esters of methacrylic acid such as butyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl; hydroxyl groups such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate Unsaturated compounds containing nitrile groups such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl acid compounds such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate Unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene; diene compounds such as butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride; Vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone; Vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether; N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl indole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl N-vinyl compounds such as pyrrole; unsaturated compounds having an amide group such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide; unsaturated such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid Rubonic acid; N-phenylmaleimide, N- (methyl) phenylmaleimide, N- (hydroxy) phenylmaleimide, N- (methoxy) phenylmaleimide, N-benzoic acidmaleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N- Maleimide compounds such as n-propylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, Nn-butylmaleimide, N-isobutylmaleimide, Nt-butylmaleimide; crosslinkable polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Various vinyl compounds such as unsaturated compounds having an epoxy group such as glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate may be used in combination.
[0019]
Examples of the polymerization initiator used for obtaining the styrene-based expandable resin particles of the first invention include azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, cumene hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy- 2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, 1,1-dimethylpropylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl mono Carbonate, 1,1-dimethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, pentylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, hexylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, lauroyl peroxide, 1,1 Examples include initiators soluble in styrenic monomers such as bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and 1,1-di-t-butylperoxy-2-methylcyclohexane. . These polymerization initiators are particularly effective when styrene-based expandable resin particles are obtained by suspension polymerization.
The above polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0020]
The amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the charged monomers. If the amount is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the polymerization rate is too slow. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 3 parts by weight, the molecular weight is too low and the strength of the foamed molded product is not only lowered, but also the production cost is increased.
[0021]
Examples of the suspending agent used for obtaining the styrene-based expandable resin particles by suspension polymerization include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poorly soluble materials such as magnesium pyrophosphate and tribasic calcium phosphate. An inorganic salt or the like can be used, and these may be used in combination with a surfactant. In the case of using a hardly soluble inorganic salt, it is preferable to use an anionic surfactant such as sodium alkyl sulfonate or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate together.
[0022]
The amount of the suspending agent used is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the charged monomers. In the combined system of the above-mentioned hardly soluble inorganic salt and anionic surfactant, 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight of the hardly soluble inorganic salt is used per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the charged monomers, respectively. It is preferable to use 0.0001 to 0.5 parts by weight of the activator.
The monomer may be added to the aqueous medium in advance or may be added gradually (see Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 46-2987 and 49-2994).
[0023]
The blowing agent used for obtaining the styrenic expandable resin particles of the first invention preferably has a boiling point of 60 ° C. or lower. Examples of such blowing agents include propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, and isopentane. , Neopentane, hexane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons; cyclobutane, cyclopentane and other alicyclic hydrocarbons and other physical foaming agents; carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia and other inorganic gases. These foaming agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0024]
The foaming agent is usually supplied in an amount such that the foaming agent content of the styrenic foamable resin particles is 1 to 20% by weight. When considering the impact on the environment, the lower the foaming agent content, the better. The content may be adjusted according to the target expansion ratio. More preferably, it is selected in the range of 3 to 8% by weight.
[0025]
The molecular weight of the styrene-based expandable resin particles is a value of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the styrene-based expandable resin particles measured by a GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method, and may be between 180,000 and 350,000. preferable. In this case, it is possible to obtain a foamed molded article in which the pre-expanded particles are well fused with each other and have high mechanical strength. Moreover, if Mw is less than 180,000, the strength of the foamed molded product may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 350,000, the elongation of the base resin is insufficient at the time of preliminary foaming and foam molding, which is not preferable because it adversely affects the fusion and appearance of the foam molded article.
[0026]
In addition, methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene wax, talc, ethylene bisstearyl amide, methylene bisstearyl amide, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, etc., are added to the styrenic monomer. I can keep it.
[0027]
In addition to the styrene-based expandable resin particles of the first invention, additions generally used for the production of styrene-based expandable resin particles such as antistatic agents, conductive agents, cell nucleating agents, particle size distribution modifiers, etc. An agent may be added as appropriate, or a rubber component such as butadiene rubber or styrene / butadiene rubber may be mixed.
[0028]
In obtaining the styrene-based expandable resin particles of the first invention, there is no particular limitation, but a monomer containing a styrene monomer as a main component is polymerized into styrene-based resin particles, and a foaming agent is added during the manufacturing process. Thus, styrene-based expandable resin particles are obtained.
The polymerization of the monomer is generally performed by an industrial production method such as suspension polymerization, bulk polymerization, or emulsion polymerization.
[0029]
In adding the foaming agent, i) a method of injecting the foaming agent when pelletizing the styrene resin with an extruder, ii) a method of impregnating the foaming agent after pelletizing the styrene resin particles with the extruder Iii) Method of impregnating foaming agent after producing styrene resin particles by extruder or suspension polymerization, iv) Dispersing styrene monomer in aqueous medium in the presence of polymerization initiator and suspending agent Examples thereof include a method in which a polymerization reaction is started after the polymerization is performed and a foaming agent is added during suspension polymerization, or v) a foaming agent is impregnated after the polymerization.
[0030]
When producing the styrene-based expandable resin particles, heat treatment may be performed in advance. The heat treatment can be performed by exposing the styrenic foamable resin particles containing the foaming agent to warm air of 20 to 60 ° C. so as not to be uneven. The flow rate of the hot air is preferably 0.1 m / s or more.
Styrenic expandable resin particles that have been subjected to heat treatment are preferred because the fusion of the expanded particles during molding is improved and the surface appearance of the foamed molded product is also improved compared to those that have not been heat-treated.
[0031]
The styrenic foamable resin particles of the present invention have anti-blocking agents such as N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amine, alkyldiethanolamine, glycerin, glycerin monostearate and zinc stearate on the surface. A coating agent, a high cycle agent such as glycerin tristearate, a fusion improving high cycle agent such as silicone can be coated.
[0032]
  The plasticizer is preferably contained in the styrene-based expandable resin particles in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight.
  The aromatic solvent is preferably composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylbenzene, toluene, O-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, i-propylbenzene and n-propylbenzene..
[0033]
  The foaming agent preferably contains 10 to 70% by weight of pentane..Thereby, since the foamability of a styrene-type foamable resin particle can be improved, it is especially preferable. When the amount is less than 10% by weight, the effect of enhancing foamability is diminished, and when it exceeds 70% by weight, the fusion between the foamed particles during molding may be reduced.
  The boiling point of the blowing agent is preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
[0034]
  The styrene-based expandable resin particles preferably further contain 0.3 to 6% by weight of a flame retardant (claim).3).
  In particular, when the styrene-based expandable resin particles are foam-molded and used for building materials, it is preferable that the flame retardant is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 6% by weight because it easily passes the flammability test defined by JIS. If it exceeds 6% by weight, the degree of improvement in the flammability test is not changed and the production cost is increased, which is not preferable.
[0035]
The flame retardant is preferably bromine from the viewpoint of easily passing the flammability test defined by JIS. Specific examples of brominated flame retardants include hexabromocyclododecane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4- (2,3- Dibromo) propyloxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, tribromophenol, allyl ether and the like. Also, combining radical generators such as dicumyl peroxide and biscumyl is preferable because the amount of flame retardant can be reduced. The amount of the radical generator in the styrene-based expandable resin particles is preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight.
[0036]
  When a flame retardant is included, the styrenic foamable resin particles preferably further have 0.3% by weight or less of cyclohexane..
  This is to make it easier to pass a flammability test defined by JIS in a state where a flame retardant is contained. If it exceeds 0.3% by weight, it becomes difficult to pass the flammability test.
  When adding a flame retardant, it is preferable to add a flame retardant aid.
[0037]
One specific method for obtaining the flame retardant-containing styrene-based expandable resin particles is not particularly limited. I) When the flame-retardant-containing styrene-based resin is pelletized with an extruder, a foaming agent is injected. Ii) A method in which a flame retardant-containing styrene resin particle is pelletized by an extruder and then impregnated with a foaming agent. Iii) After the styrene resin particle is produced by an extruder or suspension polymerization, a flame retardant and foaming are produced. A method of impregnating the agent, iv) Is the styrene monomer dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator and a suspending agent, and then the polymerization reaction is started, and a foaming agent is added during the suspension polymerization? Or a method of impregnating a foaming agent after polymerization.
[0038]
Next, the foamed molded product of the second invention is obtained by pre-foaming the styrenic foamable resin particles of the first invention to obtain pre-foamed resin particles, which are molded.
In the preliminary foaming, there is a method of foaming by heating with steam or the like using, for example, a cylindrical preliminary foaming machine.
In performing the above molding, for example, a so-called in-mold molding method in which pre-expanded particles are filled in a mold, and steam or the like is blown into the mold is heated.
The density of the foamed molded product thus obtained is preferably in the range of usually 10 to 100 g / L. If it is less than 10 g / L, the strength is insufficient, and if it exceeds 100 g / L, it may be economically inappropriate.
[0039]
【Example】
  The following relates to the present invention.Reference examples,Examples and comparative examples will be described.
(referenceExample 1)
  A 50 liter autoclave equipped with a stirrer was charged with 18 liters of ion exchange water, 40 g of tricalcium phosphate (manufactured by Taihei Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a suspending agent, and 0.6 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as a surfactant.
  Next, under stirring, 45 g of benzoyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator and 22 g of t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, 135 g of hexylcyclododecane as a flame retardant aid, 72 g of dicumyl peroxide, as a plasticizer A solution prepared by dissolving 216 g of glycerol tristearate in 18 kg of styrene monomer manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was added.
[0040]
After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes under stirring, the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. over 1 hour and a half, and 36 g of a 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium persulfate as a suspension aid was added at 60 ° C. The temperature was raised to 120 ° C. On the way, when 5 hours passed from reaching 90 ° C., 1260 g of butane and 468 g of pentane as a foaming agent were press-fitted into the autoclave. Thereafter, the temperature was maintained at 120 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes, and then cooled to 30 ° C. over 4 hours.
Next, dehydration was performed with a centrifugal separator, and acid cleaning was performed to remove the tertiary calcium phosphate on the surface of the styrene-based expandable resin particles. Thereafter, the water adhering to the top surface was removed with a fluidized drying device to obtain styrene-based expandable resin particles.
[0041]
Particles in the range of 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm are sieved from the obtained expandable polystyrene particles, and N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amine as an antistatic agent is 0.005% by weight as the antistatic agent. Further, it was coated with a mixture of zinc stearate 0.13% by weight, glycerol tristearate 0.13% by weight, glycerol monostearate 0.06% by weight and glycerol 0.025% by weight. In addition, each weight% is% of the usage-amount of each component with respect to an expandable polystyrene resin particle.
[0042]
The obtained coated expandable polystyrene particles were steam-heated for 70 seconds at an internal pressure of 0.01 MPa in a pressure-type foaming machine (DYH-850, manufactured by Daisen Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and then dried for 80 seconds to obtain a bulk density of 20 g / 1000 ml (50 times). The pre-expanded particles were obtained. The pre-expanded particles thus obtained were left standing (aged) at room temperature for one day, and then filled in a box-shaped mold having a size of 28 cm × 35 cm × 15 cm, and 0.07 MPa water vapor was blown in for 20 seconds. A foamed molded product was obtained by heating and foaming with the above.
[0043]
The weight average molecular weight of the styrene foam resin particles obtained as described above, the amount of residual styrene monomer contained in the styrene foam resin particles, the amount of solvents, the ratio of pentane contained in the foaming agent, the foamability during foaming, The amount of residual styrene monomer, amount of solvents, surface appearance, degree of fusion, and combustion test contained in the foamed molded product were evaluated by the following methods.
[0044]
Evaluation methods
Weight average molecular weight (MW): Styrenic foam resin particles were made into a solution in THF, measured by GPC method, and converted to standard polystyrene.
Residual styrene monomer content, solvent content; styrene foam resin particles or foamed products in dimethylformamide solution, measured by gas chromatography using a column using polyethylene glycol as a packing, Was determined by weight%.
[0045]
Pentane ratio in the foaming agent: Quantifying the foaming agent component having a boiling point of 60 ° C. or less by gas chromatography using a column in which styrene-based foaming resin particles are dimethylformamide solution and polyethylene glycol is used as a filler , The ratio of pentane in the total blowing agent component was determined by weight%.
Foaming ability: Steam blowing pressure 0.03 MPa, steam blowing time 4 minutes 30 in a box-type batch type pre-foaming machine described in the collection of well-known and commonly used techniques (P.38 of Foam molding published on August 3, 1982) The foaming test was carried out in seconds, the foamed particles were dried at room temperature for 1 day, filled in a 1 L measuring cylinder, and the bulk density was determined by measuring the bulk volume and weight.
[0046]
Surface appearance: The surface appearance of the foamed molded product was visually evaluated according to the following criteria. ○: No molten particles, no gaps between particles, good appearance. Δ: The molten particles are on the surface or there are gaps between the particles, and the appearance is poor. X: There is a melted particle or there is a gap between the particles and the appearance is remarkably bad. Or a foaming molding cannot be obtained.
[0047]
Degree of fusion: The ratio of pre-expanded particles that are completely bonded (fused) to each other in the foamed molded product. It was measured.
Combustion test: The foamed molded product was cut into a length of 200 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm to obtain a test piece. The test was conducted 5 times, and the average of 5 flame extinguishing seconds was 3 seconds or less, and the test did not exceed the combustion limit line.
[0048]
(referenceExample 2)
  All the above except that the amount of glycerin tristearate used as a plasticizer is 108 g.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0049]
(referenceExample 3)
  All of the above except that 144 g of beef tallow oil manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd., which is a kind of ester, is added as a plasticizer instead of glycerin tristearate, and pentane is not used as a foaming agent and the amount of butane is 1746 g.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0050]
(referenceExample 4)
  All of the above except that 144 g of beef fat cured oil manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. is added as a plasticizer instead of glycerin tristearate, the amount of butane is 720 g, and the amount of pentane is 972 g.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0051]
(referenceExample 5)
  All the above except that 360 g of coconut oil which is a kind of ester is added as a plasticizer instead of glycerin tristearate.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0052]
(Example1)
  18 kg of styrene monomer from which ethylbenzene and xylenes have been removed in advance was used instead of industrial styrene monomer manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and liquid paraffin (Molesco White P manufactured by Matsumura Oil Research Co., Ltd.) was used instead of glycerin tristearate. -350P) except that 270g is added.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0053]
(Example2)
  All of the above except that 90 g of beef fat cured oil manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. and 90 g of liquid paraffin (Moleco White P-350P manufactured by Matsumura Oil Research Co., Ltd.) are added as plasticizers instead of glycerin tristearate.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0054]
(Reference Example 6)
  All the above except that 36 g of beef fat cured oil manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. is added as a plasticizer instead of glycerin tristearate, the amount of butane is 720 g, and the amount of pentane is 972 g.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0055]
(Example3)
  All except that 27 g of liquid paraffin (Moleco White P-350P manufactured by Matsumura Oil Research Co., Ltd.) is added as a plasticizer instead of glycerin tristearate, the amount of butane is 720 g, and the amount of pentane is 972 g. the abovereferencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0056]
(Comparative Example 1)
  All the above except that the addition amount of glycerin tristearate as a plasticizer is 0referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0057]
(Comparative Example 2)
  All the above except that the amount of glycerin tristearate added as a plasticizer was 0, and 180 g of industrial petroleum xylene containing isomers of ethylbenzene and xylene was added as a solvent.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0058]
(Comparative Example 3)
  All the above except that the addition amount of glycerin tristearate as a plasticizer was 0 and 180 g of toluene was added as a solvent.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0059]
(Comparative Example 4)
  The polymerization temperature pattern is kept at 120 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes for 1 hour, except that the addition amount of glycerin tristearate as a plasticizer is 0.referencePerformed as in Example 1. The residual styrene monomer in the obtained expandable resin particles was 0.51%.
[0060]
(Comparative Example 5)
  All the above except that the addition amount of glycerin tristearate is 0, 90 g of cyclohexane and 90 g of beef tallow oil are added.referencePerformed as in Example 1.
[0061]
  More thanReference examples,The weight average molecular weight of styrene-based expandable resin particles, the amount of residual styrene monomer contained in the expandable resin particles, the amount of solvents, the pentane ratio in the foaming agent, the expandable bulk density, and foam molding in each Example and each Comparative Example Tables 1 and 2 show the surface appearance of the body, the degree of fusion, and the flammability test.
[0062]
[Table 1]
Figure 0005060001
[0063]
[Table 2]
Figure 0005060001
[0064]
  From Table 1 and Table 2 above,Reference examples and examplesThe styrene-based expandable resin particles have a small amount of residual styrene monomer and solvents when formed into foamed molded products, have excellent foamability, surface appearance, and fusion properties, and are combustible when a flame retardant is added. It turns out that the result is excellent.
[0065]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, no plasticizer was added and the degree of fusion was poor.
In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, since 1% by weight of the aromatic solvent was added, 0.2% by weight or more of the aromatic solvent remained when the resin particles and the foamed molded body were formed.
In Comparative Example 4, the polymerization time was short, and the residual styrene monomer in the resin particles and the foamed molded product was 0.1% by weight or more.
In Comparative Example 5, since 0.5% by weight of cyclohexane was added, it took time to extinguish.

Claims (4)

残留スチレンモノマーが0.1重量%以下であり,エチルベンゼン,トルエン,O−キシレン,m−キシレン,p−キシレン,i−プロピルベンゼン及びn−プロピルベンゼンのグループから選ばれる1種または2種以上からなる芳香族系溶剤の合計が0.2重量%以下であり,常温で液体のパラフィン類から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の可塑剤0.1〜5重量%,及び10〜62重量%のペンタンを含む発泡剤を含有することを特徴とするスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子。Residual styrene monomer is 0.1% by weight or less, and one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylbenzene, toluene, O-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, i-propylbenzene and n-propylbenzene becomes the sum of the aromatic solvent is not more than 0.2 wt%, at least one or more plasticizers 0.1-5 wt% selected from paraffins liquid at room temperature, and 10 to 62 wt% of pentane A styrenic foamable resin particle comprising a foaming agent containing 請求項1において,上記可塑剤は,上記スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子中に0.5〜5重量%含まれていることを特徴とするスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子。  2. The styrenic foamable resin particle according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight in the styrenic foamable resin particle. 請求項1又は2において,上記スチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子は,更に,難燃剤を0.3〜6重量%含有することを特徴とするスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子。 3. The styrenic foamable resin particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the styrenic foamable resin particle further contains 0.3 to 6% by weight of a flame retardant. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子を予備発泡させた後に成形してなることを特徴とする発泡成形体。A foamed molded article obtained by pre-foaming the styrenic expandable resin particles according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
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