JP5055195B2 - 水中全アルカリ度測定方法 - Google Patents
水中全アルカリ度測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00553—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with means allowing the stock of material to consist of at least two different components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/01—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like
- B05C17/0116—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like characterised by the piston driving means
- B05C17/012—Stepwise advancing mechanism, e.g. pawl and ratchets
- B05C17/0123—Lever actuated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/015—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with pneumatically or hydraulically actuated piston or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/01—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like
- B05C17/014—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like comprising means for preventing oozing
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Description
密閉型滴定装置であって、連続して測定可能な装置が特許文献1に開示されている。
蓋体を取り外し、試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水にpH測定電極および滴定手段の滴下ノズルを挿入する工程と、
pH測定しながら滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定めるpHとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法である。
蓋体を取り外し、pH測定電極、滴定手段の滴下ノズルおよび体積可変手段を備える測定用蓋体で試料瓶を密閉して試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水にpH測定電極および滴定手段を挿入する工程と、
pH測定しながら滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定めるpHとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度および全炭酸濃度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法である。
蓋体を取り外し、試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水に比色試薬を加えて発色させたのち滴定手段の滴下ノズルを挿入する工程と、
滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定める発色度合いとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法である。
蓋体を取り外し、滴定手段の滴下ノズルおよび体積可変手段を備える測定用蓋体で試料瓶を密閉して試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水に滴定手段を挿入する工程と、
滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定める発色度合いとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度および全炭酸濃度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法である。
本発明の第1実施形態は、開放型滴定装置による全アルカリ度測定方法である。開放型滴定装置では、pHが3.8〜4になるように被検水に一定量の塩酸を添加しスターラでかき混ぜて被検水中の二酸化炭素を追い出す操作を行う。次に、塩酸を少量滴下して、その時の被検水のpH変化をpH電極を用いてモニタリングすることで全アルカリ度を求める。
図1は、本発明の全アルカリ度測定方法に用いる全アルカリ度測定装置1の構成を示す概略図である。図2は、試料計量瓶10の構成を示す外観図である。図2(a)は、試料計量瓶10を上から見た外観図であり、図2(b)は、試料計量瓶10を横から見た外観図である。
AT = [HCO3 -] + 2[CO3 2-] + [B(OH)4 -] + [OH-] + [HPO4 2-] + 2[PO4 3-]
+ [SiO(OH)3 -] + [NH3] + [HS-] + ・・・ - [H+]F - [HSO4 -] - [HF]
- [H3PO4] - …(1)
[H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] = [HCO3 -] + 2[CO3 2-] + [B(OH)4 -] + [OH-]
+ [HPO4 2-] + 2[PO4 3-] + [SiO(OH)3 -]
+ [NH3] + [HS-] …(2)
CH = [H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] - [HCO3 -] - 2[CO3 2-] - [B(OH)4 -]
- [OH-] - [HPO4 2-] - 2[PO4 3-] - [SiO(OH)3 -] - [NH3] - [HS-] …(3)
CH = (mC - m0AT) / (m0+m) …(4)
(mC - m0AT) / (m0+m) = [H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] - [HCO3 -]
- 2[CO3 2-] - [B(OH)4 -] - [OH-]- [HPO4 2-]
- 2[PO4 3-] - [SiO(OH)3 -] - [NH3] - [HS-] …(5)
CT = [CO2 *] + [HCO3 -] + [CO3 2-] …(6)
E = E゜-(RT/F)ln[H+] …(7)
f = [H+]/[H’] …(8)
[H’]=exp{(E゜-E)/(RT/F)} …(9)
BT = [B(OH)3]+[B(OH)4 -]
ST = [HSO4 -]+[SO4 2-]
FT = [HF]+[F-]
PT = [H3PO4]+[H2PO4 -]+[HPO4 2-]+[PO4 3-]
SiT = [Si(OH)4]+[SiO(OH)3 -]
NH3T = [NH4 +]+[NH3]
H2ST = [H2S]+[HS-]
K1 = [H+][HCO3 -]/[CO2 *]
K2 = [H+][CO3 2-]/[HCO3 -]
KB = [H+][B(OH)4 -]/[B(OH)3]
KSi = [H+][SiO(OH)3 -]/[Si(OH)4]
KNH3 = [H+][NH3]/[NH4 +]
KH2S = [H+][HS-]/[H2S]
KS = [H+]F[SO4 2-]/[HSO4 -]
KF = [H+][F-]/[HF]
K1P = [H+][H2PO4 -]/[H3PO4]
K2P = [H+][HPO4 2-]/[H2PO4 -]
K3P = [H+][PO4 3-]/[HPO4 2-]
[H+]F = [H+]/Z
Z = 1+ST/KS
AT = -BT{1/(1+(f[H’])/KB)}
-PT{(K1PK2P(f[H’])+2K1PK2PK3P
-(f[H’])3)/((f[H’])3+K1P(f[H’])2+K1PK2P(f[H’])+K1PK2PK3P)}
-SiT{1/(1+(f[H’])/KSi)}
-NH3T{1/(1+(f[H’])/KNH3)}
-H2ST{1/(1+(f[H’])/KH2S)}
+ST{1/(1+KSZ/(f[H’]))}
+FT{1/(1+KF/(f[H’]))}
+{(m0+m)/m0}{f[H’]/Z-KW/f[H’]}-m/m0*C …(10)
大気中のCO2は、海水中に吸収されると、ほぼ炭酸イオン[CO3 2-]と炭酸水素ナトリウム[HCO3 -]で存在する。その海水試料液を被検水として酸滴定すると、図4のような炭酸イオン中和曲線を描くことができる。
AT = [HCO3 -] + 2[CO3 2-] + [B(OH)4 -] + [OH-] + [HPO4 2-] + 2[PO4 3-]
+ [SiO(OH)3 -] + [NH3] + [HS-] + ・・・ - [H+]F - [HSO4 -] - [HF]
- [H3P O4] - …(1)
[H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] = [HCO3 -] + 2[CO3 2-] + [B(OH)4 -] + [OH-]
+ [HPO4 2-] + 2[PO4 3-] + [SiO(OH)3 -]
+ [NH3] + [HS-] …(2)
CH = [H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] - [HCO3 -] - 2[CO3 2-] - [B(OH)4 -]
- [OH-] - [HPO4 2-] - 2[PO4 3-] - [SiO(OH)3 -] - [NH3] - [HS-] …(3)
CH = (mC - m0AT) / (m0+m) …(4)
(mC - m0AT) / (m0+m) = [H+]F + [HSO4 -] + [HF] + [H3PO4] - [HCO3 -]
- 2[CO3 2-] - [B(OH)4 -] - [OH-]- [HPO4 2-]
- 2[PO4 3-] - [SiO(OH)3 -] - [NH3] - [HS-] …(5)
CT = [CO2 *] + [HCO3 -] + [CO3 2-] …(6)
E = E゜-(RT/F)ln[H+] …(7)
f = [H+]/[H’] …(8)
[H’] = exp{(E゜-E)/(RT/F)} …(9)
BT = [B(OH)3]+[B(OH)4 -]
ST = [HSO4 -]+[SO4 2-]
FT = [HF]+[F-]
PT = [H3PO4]+[H2PO4 -]+[HPO4 2-]+[PO4 3-]
SiT = [Si(OH)4]+[SiO(OH)3 -]
NH3T = [NH4 +]+[NH3]
H2ST = [H2S]+[HS-]
K1 = [H+][HCO3 -]/[CO2 *]
K2 = [H+][CO3 2-]/[HCO3 -]
KB = [H+][B(OH)4 -]/[B(OH)3]
KSi = [H+][SiO(OH)3 -]/[Si(OH)4]
KNH3 = [H+][NH3]/[NH4 +]
KH2S = [H+][HS-]/[H2S]
KS = [H+]F[SO4 2-]/[HSO4 -]
KF = [H+][F-]/[HF]
K1P = [H+][H2PO4 -]/[H3PO4]
K2P = [H+][HPO4 2-]/[H2PO4 -]
K3P = [H+][PO4 3-]/[HPO4 2-]
[H+]F = [H+]/Z
Z = 1+ST/KS
AT = -BT{1/(1+(f[H’])/KB)}
-PT{(K1PK2P(f[H’])+2K1PK2PK3P
-(f[H’])3)/((f[H’])3+K1P(f[H’])2+K1PK2P(f[H’])+K1PK2PK3P)}
-SiT{1/(1+(f[H’])/KSi)}
-NH3T{1/(1+(f[H’])/KNH3)}
-H2ST{1/(1+(f[H’])/KH2S)}
+ST{1/(1+KSZ/(f[H’]))}
+FT{1/(1+KF/(f[H’]))}
+{(m0+m)/m0}{f[H’]/Z-KW/f[H’]}-m/m0*C …(10)
CT = {(K1f[H’]+2K1K2)/((f[H’])2+K1f[H’]+K1K2)} …(11)
第2の実施形態である密閉型滴定装置による測定方法を用いて、同一試料の全アルカリ度、全炭酸濃度およびpHを測定し、その再現性を検証した。結果を表3に示す。
2 マイクロシリンジポンプ
3 酸貯留タンク
4 スターラ
5 制御部
6 温度計
7 pH電極
8 試料瓶
9 蓋体
10 試料計量瓶
20 測定用蓋体
30 光源
31 検出器
Claims (4)
- 試料瓶と、試料瓶内部に挿入され、試料瓶内部に充満する試料液を一定量排除する挿入部を有する蓋体と、からなる試料計量瓶を用いて、一定量の被検水を量り取る工程と、
蓋体を取り外し、試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水にpH測定電極および滴定手段の滴下ノズルを挿入する工程と、
pH測定しながら滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定めるpHとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法。 - 試料瓶と、試料瓶内部に挿入され、試料瓶内部に充満する試料液を一定量排除する挿入部を有する蓋体と、からなる試料計量瓶を用いて、一定量の被検水を量り取る工程と、
蓋体を取り外し、pH測定電極、滴定手段の滴下ノズルおよび体積可変手段を備える測定用蓋体で試料瓶を密閉して試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水にpH測定電極および滴定手段を挿入する工程と、
pH測定しながら滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定めるpHとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度および全炭酸濃度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法。 - 試料瓶と、試料瓶内部に挿入され、試料瓶内部に充満する試料液を一定量排除する挿入部を有する蓋体と、からなる試料計量瓶を用いて、一定量の被検水を量り取る工程と、
蓋体を取り外し、試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水に比色試薬を加えて発色させたのち滴定手段の滴下ノズルを挿入する工程と、
滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定める発色度合いとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法。 - 試料瓶と、試料瓶内部に挿入され、試料瓶内部に充満する試料液を一定量排除する挿入部を有する蓋体と、からなる試料計量瓶を用いて、一定量の被検水を量り取る工程と、
蓋体を取り外し、滴定手段の滴下ノズルおよび体積可変手段を備える測定用蓋体で試料瓶を密閉して試料瓶内部の一定量の被検水に滴定手段を挿入する工程と、
滴定手段によって、被検水が予め定める発色度合いとなるように酸滴定を行う工程と、
酸滴定の結果に基づいて全アルカリ度および全炭酸濃度を算出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする全アルカリ度測定方法。
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NO333632B1 (no) * | 2011-05-11 | 2013-07-29 | Inst Energiteknik | Fremgangsmate og apparat for a analysere alkalinitetsforhold i vandige vaesker |
CN102507856A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 方原民 | 蠕动泵式称量滴定仪及其滴定方法 |
JP2013112398A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Hakatako Kanri Kk | 蓋体 |
KR101235214B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-25 | 2013-02-20 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 휴대용 알칼리도 측정 장치 및 그 시스템 |
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JP7272970B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-15 | 2023-05-12 | 王飛 | スペクトル電位温度多次元滴定分析装置およびその使用方法 |
JP7316898B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-04 | 2023-07-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 監視システムおよび監視方法 |
CN113673118B (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2024-02-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法 |
JP2024079897A (ja) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 水質測定方法 |
JP2024079899A (ja) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 水質測定装置、及び水質測定システム |
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JP4117058B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-05 | 2008-07-09 | 三菱レイヨン・エンジニアリング株式会社 | 炭酸泉の製造方法 |
JP3497429B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-08 | 2004-02-16 | 紀本電子工業株式会社 | 水中アルカリ度測定装置 |
JP3836339B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-26 | 2006-10-25 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 海洋生物の炭酸ガス固定量の測定方法 |
JP4081390B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-28 | 2008-04-23 | 紀本電子工業株式会社 | アルカリ度測定方法 |
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