JP5044179B2 - Method for producing deodorized organic fertilizer, deodorized organic fertilizer, and method for cultivating sugar beet or flower using the same - Google Patents
Method for producing deodorized organic fertilizer, deodorized organic fertilizer, and method for cultivating sugar beet or flower using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5044179B2 JP5044179B2 JP2006256523A JP2006256523A JP5044179B2 JP 5044179 B2 JP5044179 B2 JP 5044179B2 JP 2006256523 A JP2006256523 A JP 2006256523A JP 2006256523 A JP2006256523 A JP 2006256523A JP 5044179 B2 JP5044179 B2 JP 5044179B2
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
本発明は、消臭有機肥料の製造方法、消臭有機肥料およびそれを用いた蔬菜または花卉の栽培方法に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、特定の多孔質担体および特定の微生物混合物を動物糞尿に混合することを特徴とする消臭有機肥料の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a deodorized organic fertilizer, a deodorized organic fertilizer, and a method for cultivating sugar beet or florets using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a deodorized organic fertilizer characterized by mixing a specific porous carrier and a specific microorganism mixture with animal manure.
従来から飼育動物糞尿を用いた堆肥製造方法は、発酵中にアンモニアなどの窒素化合物および硫化水素が発生して悪臭がすること、切り返しを行わなければならないので労働力が必要であること、発酵に時間がかかること、悪臭をさせずに堆肥化するには大規模な設備が必要であることが問題とされ、解決のために下記の発明がなされてきた。 Traditionally, compost production methods using domestic animal manure produce nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during fermentation, which causes bad odors and requires reworking. The problem is that it takes time, and a large-scale facility is required for composting without causing bad odor, and the following inventions have been made to solve the problem.
例えば、強制通気または切り返しを行うことなく２〜５ヵ月程度通性嫌気発酵させ、仕上げ切り返しを行って１ヵ月程度好気発酵させることにより、悪臭を発生させずに畜糞を堆肥化する方法が報告されている（特許文献１参照）。この方法では大きな設備が必要である上、堆肥化にも時間がかかることが問題であった。 For example, a method of composting livestock manure without generating bad odor by performing facultative anaerobic fermentation for about 2 to 5 months without forced aeration or reversal, and performing aerobic fermentation for about 1 month with reversal finish is reported. (See Patent Document 1). This method requires large equipment and composting takes time.
有機廃棄物を粉砕し、微生物を混合して嫌気発酵させ、乾燥させる製造方法により、悪臭を発生させずに短時間で肥料化が可能になったが、堆肥製造設備は依然必要であった（特許文献２参照）。 The manufacturing method of pulverizing organic waste, mixing microorganisms, anaerobically fermenting, and drying makes it possible to fertilize in a short time without generating bad odors, but composting equipment is still necessary ( Patent Document 2).
また、土着菌微生物を採取・培養して堆肥製造に用いる方法が開発されているが、この方法では山林から採取した微生物を手間と時間をかけて培養する必要があった（特許文献３参照）。 In addition, a method of collecting and culturing indigenous microorganisms and using them for compost production has been developed. In this method, it is necessary to cultivate microorganisms collected from mountain forests with time and effort (see Patent Document 3). .
さらに、嫌気性種菌ＰＴＡ−１７７３をエビおよび／またはカニの残渣等の有機素材に添加し、好気条件下かつ５０〜９０℃で発酵させることにより製造する堆肥が発明されているが、未知の細菌および／または放線菌との混合菌を用いることから、製造に使用する混合菌を入手することが難しいという問題があった（特許文献４参照）。 Furthermore, a compost produced by adding anaerobic inoculum PTA-1773 to organic materials such as shrimp and / or crab residue and fermenting at 50-90 ° C. under aerobic conditions has been invented. Since mixed bacteria with bacteria and / or actinomycetes are used, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain mixed bacteria used for production (see Patent Document 4).
また、藁、糠および枯葉などの植物性原料、鶏糞およびバチルス・ズブチルス菌を混合し、切り返しを行って４ヵ月〜１年程度発酵させる堆肥の製造方法が報告されているが、発酵させるのに必要な期間が長いことが問題であった（特許文献５参照）。 In addition, a method for producing compost that has been mixed with plant raw materials such as straw, straw and dead leaves, chicken manure and Bacillus subtilis, turned over, and fermented for about 4 months to 1 year has been reported. The problem is that the required period is long (see Patent Document 5).
このように、種々の改良が検討されているが、動物糞尿を、アンモニアなどの悪臭を発生させず、切り返しを行わず、短期間に特別な装置を使わずに肥料化する方法は報告されていない。 As described above, various improvements have been studied. However, there has been reported a method for fertilizing animal manure without causing a bad odor such as ammonia, without turning it over, and without using a special device in a short period of time. Absent.
本発明は、アンモニアなどの悪臭を発生させず、短期間および低コストで製造可能な肥料の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the fertilizer which does not generate malodors, such as ammonia, and can be manufactured in a short period of time and low cost.
動物糞尿に特定の多孔質担体および特定の混合微生物を混合することにより、悪臭を発生させず短期間で肥料化できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。また、この肥料が植物の生育を早め、非常に有用であることを見出した。 The present inventors have found that by mixing a specific porous carrier and a specific mixed microorganism with animal manure, a fertilizer can be produced in a short period of time without generating malodor. Moreover, it discovered that this fertilizer accelerated | stimulated the growth of a plant and was very useful.
すなわち、本発明は、バチルス・ズブチルス、バチルス・リケンホルミス、バチルス・サーキュランス、バチルス・ポリミキサ、クロストリジウム・セルロリィティカム、クロストリジウム・アエロトレランス、バチルス・アゾトフィクサンス、バチルス・マセランス、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカムおよびクロストリジウム・パステリアナムからなる混合微生物、シラスおよび／またはシラスバルーンから選択される多孔質担体、ならびに動物糞尿を混合して発酵させることを特徴とする消臭有機肥料の製造方法に関する。 That is, the present invention relates to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus rikenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Bacillus azotofixance, Bacillus macerans, Clostridium acetobutylicum and The present invention relates to a method for producing a deodorized organic fertilizer characterized by mixing and fermenting a mixed microorganism comprising Clostridium pasterianum, a porous carrier selected from Shirasu and / or Shirasu balloon, and animal manure.
前記製造方法において、発酵中に切り返しを行なわずに製造することが好ましい。 In the said manufacturing method, it is preferable to manufacture without performing turnover during fermentation.
前記製造方法において、発酵期間が２０〜５０日であることが好ましい。 In the production method, the fermentation period is preferably 20 to 50 days.
本発明はまた、前記製造方法によって得られる消臭有機肥料に関する。 The present invention also relates to a deodorized organic fertilizer obtained by the production method.
本発明はまた、バチルス・ズブチルス、バチルス・リケンホルミス、バチルス・サーキュランス、バチルス・ポリミキサ、クロストリジウム・セルロリィティカム、クロストリジウム・アエロトレランス、バチルス・アゾトフィクサンス、バチルス・マセランス、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカムおよびクロストリジウム・パステリアナムからなる混合微生物、シラスおよび／またはシラスバルーンから選択される多孔質担体、ならびに動物糞尿を混合してなる消臭有機肥料に関する。 The present invention also includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus rikenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Bacillus azotofixance, Bacillus macerans, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium. -The present invention relates to a deodorized organic fertilizer formed by mixing a mixed microorganism comprising Pasterianum, a porous carrier selected from Shirasu and / or Shirasu balloon, and animal manure.
本発明はさらに、前記肥料を用いることを特徴とする蔬菜または花卉の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention further relates to a method for cultivating sugar beet or florets, characterized in that the fertilizer is used.
本発明の製造方法では、悪臭を発生させることなく、短期間・省労力にて優れた有機肥料を製造することができ、特別に大きな設備なども必要としない。 In the production method of the present invention, an excellent organic fertilizer can be produced in a short period of time and labor saving without generating malodors, and no specially large equipment is required.
本発明の製造方法では、牛、鶏、豚などの飼育動物の***物を、これら***物中の菌が繊維質などを腐熟させるときに発するアンモニアなどの悪臭のある物質の発生をおさえるため、切り返しなどの作業をしないで、時間と労働力と経費をかけないで消臭有機肥料として使用可能とすることができる。また、このため、得られる消臭有機肥料は元来***物に含まれる窒素、リンおよびカリウムなどの要素を通常の堆肥よりも多く含み有用である。 In the production method of the present invention, the excrement of domestic animals such as cattle, chickens and pigs is suppressed, and the generation of malodorous substances such as ammonia that are emitted when the fungi in these excretions ripen the fiber, etc. It can be used as a deodorized organic fertilizer without spending time, labor, and expenses without performing work such as turning over. For this reason, the deodorized organic fertilizer obtained is useful because it contains more elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contained in the excrement than normal compost.
本発明の肥料は、悪臭を発生することなく、蔬菜または花卉を短期間で生育させることが可能である。 The fertilizer of the present invention can grow sugar beet or florets in a short period of time without generating malodor.
また、本発明の肥料は、作物の育成能力が高いため、少量の混合土、サイズの小さな箱および狭いスペースでも簡単に蔬菜または花卉を栽培することができ、高設栽培に非常に適している。 Further, since the fertilizer of the present invention has a high ability to grow crops, it is possible to easily cultivate sugar beet or flowers in a small amount of mixed soil, a small box and a narrow space, and it is very suitable for upland cultivation. .
さらに、本発明の肥料の使用により畑本来の地力が回復するため、蔬菜または花卉の抗菌性および抗害虫性が上昇し、農薬や化学肥料に頼ることなく蔬菜または花卉を栽培することが可能になる。 Furthermore, since the natural strength of the field is restored by the use of the fertilizer of the present invention, the antibacterial and anti-pest properties of sugar beet or flowers are increased, and it is possible to cultivate sugar beet or flowers without depending on agricultural chemicals or chemical fertilizers. Become.
本発明に用いる混合微生物は、バチルス・ズブチルス、バチルス・リケンホルミス、バチルス・サーキュランス、バチルス・ポリミキサ、クロストリジウム・セルロリィティカム、クロストリジウム・アエロトレランス、バチルス・アゾトフィクサンス、バチルス・マセランス、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカムおよびクロストリジウム・パステリアナムであり、いずれの菌体も土壌由来である。これらの微生物は、通常土壌中で植物性繊維質の存在下、嫌気性条件下で繁殖可能である。これらは、一般的に試験研究に使用されている菌であり、市販されているものや微生物寄託機関および微生物保存機関に寄託されている容易に入手可能なものである。本発明の混合微生物には、リポペプタイド産生菌、セルラーゼ産生菌および窒素固定菌が含まれていることが好ましく、具体的には、たとえば、リポペプタイドおよびセルラーゼ産生菌であるバチルス・ズブチルス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．２１３３２および６０５１ならびにバチルス・リケンホルミス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．３９３０７および１４５８０、セルラーゼ産生菌であるバチルス・サーキュランス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．９５００、バチルス・ポリミキサ ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．８４２、クロストリジウム・セルロリィティカム ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．３５３１９およびクロストリジウム・アエロトレランス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．４３５２４、窒素を固定する菌であるバチルス・アゾトフィクサンス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．３５６８１、バチルス・マセランス ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．８２４４、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．８２４およびクロストリジウム・パステリアナム ＡＴＣＣ Ｎｏ．６０１３などの菌株を使用することが好ましい。 The mixed microorganisms used in the present invention include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus rikenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Bacillus azotofix, Bacillus macerans, Clostridium. Acetobutylicum and Clostridium pasterianum, both of which are derived from soil. These microorganisms can reproduce in anaerobic conditions, usually in the presence of plant fibers in the soil. These are bacteria that are generally used for testing and research, and are commercially available or readily available that are deposited at microorganism depository institutions and microorganism preservation institutions. The mixed microorganism of the present invention preferably contains lipopeptide-producing bacteria, cellulase-producing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Specifically, for example, Bacillus subtilis ATCC No. 21332 and 6051 and Bacillus rikenformis ATCC No. 39307 and 14580, Bacillus circulans ATCC No. 9500, Bacillus polymixer ATCC No. 842, Clostridium cellularity cam ATCC No. 35319 and Clostridium Aerotolerance ATCC No. 43524, Bacillus azotofixans ATCC No. 35681, Bacillus macerans ATCC No. 8244, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC No. 8 824 and Clostridium pasterianum ATCC No. It is preferred to use a strain such as 6013.
本発明の混合微生物における各微生物の割合は、特に限定されるものではないが、乾燥菌体重量で等量ずつ添加するのが好ましい。 The proportion of each microorganism in the mixed microorganism of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add an equal amount by dry cell weight.
本発明の混合微生物としては、細胞内水分を乾燥させ細胞の代謝機能の場である液相を除き微生物の活動を停止させた、休止状態の乾燥菌体をそのまま使用してもよく、あるいは乾燥菌体を培養液中に懸濁した形態で使用してもよい。また、乾燥菌体を培養液にて培養後、菌体懸濁液を少量の多孔質担体と混合し固定化して製造する混合微生物製剤として使用することもできる。取り扱いの容易さや、大量の糞尿や多孔質担体と均一に混ぜやすいという点から、混合微生物製剤を使用することが好ましい。 As the mixed microorganism of the present invention, a dry cell in a quiescent state in which intracellular moisture is dried and the activity of the microorganism is stopped except for a liquid phase which is a place of metabolic function of the cell may be used as it is, or dry You may use the microbial cell in the form suspended in the culture solution. Moreover, it can also be used as a mixed microorganism preparation produced by cultivating dried bacterial cells in a culture solution and then mixing and immobilizing the bacterial cell suspension with a small amount of a porous carrier. From the viewpoint of easy handling and easy mixing with a large amount of manure and porous carrier, it is preferable to use a mixed microorganism preparation.
混合微生物製剤は、培養液に微生物を懸濁した微生物懸濁液を多孔質担体に混合することにより製造することができる。具体的には、水に糖蜜を１ｍｇ〜３ｍｇの割合で混合して培養液を５００ｍｇ作製し、各微生物を乾燥重量で等量ずつ混合した乾燥混合微生物を０．３ｇ〜０．５ｇ添加する。これを２〜３日培養し、粒径２０μｍ〜３ｍｍのシラス（水分量０％〜５％）１０ｋｇ〜２０ｋｇに混合して、固定化することにより製造することができる。 The mixed microorganism preparation can be produced by mixing a microorganism suspension obtained by suspending microorganisms in a culture solution with a porous carrier. Specifically, 500 mg of a culture solution is prepared by mixing molasses in water at a ratio of 1 mg to 3 mg, and 0.3 g to 0.5 g of dry mixed microorganisms in which each microorganism is mixed in an equal amount by dry weight is added. This can be produced by culturing for 2 to 3 days, mixing with 10 kg to 20 kg of shirasu (water content 0% to 5%) having a particle size of 20 μm to 3 mm, and immobilizing.
本発明に用いる多孔質担体は、シラスおよび／またはシラスバルーンから選択される。 The porous carrier used in the present invention is selected from Shirasu and / or Shirasu balloon.
シラスは一般的に灰白色で半固結状を呈し、多孔質で、幅広い粒形から構成されており、大部分は砂分および粒砂分からなる。鉱物組成は火山ガラス、斜長石を主成分とし、輝石、石英、磁鉄鋼などを副成分としている。シラスの真比重は、２．３〜２．５の範囲にある。化学組成はケイ酸分約７０質量％、アルミナ分約１４質量％、アルカリ酸化物約８質量％の順に含まれている。なお、シラスは、天然のものをそのまま使用することもできるが、加熱殺菌して使用してもよい。 Shirasu is generally grayish white, semi-consolidated, porous and composed of a wide range of particle shapes, most of which consists of sand and granular sand. Mineral composition is mainly composed of volcanic glass and plagioclase, and pyroxene, quartz, magnetic steel, etc. are minor components. The true specific gravity of Shirasu is in the range of 2.3 to 2.5. The chemical composition contains about 70% by mass of silicic acid, about 14% by mass of alumina, and about 8% by mass of alkali oxide. Shirasu can be used as it is, but may be used after heat sterilization.
シラスバルーンはシラスを８００〜１２００℃で熱処理し、発泡させることにより製造される多孔質、球状のものである。比重が軽いため軽量であり、かつ無色無害な耐化学薬品性に優れた環境にやさしい素材である。 The shirasu balloon is a porous and spherical product produced by heat-treating shirasu at 800 to 1200 ° C. and foaming. It is a lightweight material because of its low specific gravity, and is an environmentally friendly material that is colorless and harmless and has excellent chemical resistance.
本発明に使用するシラスおよびシラスバルーンの粒径は、共に２０μｍ〜３ｍｍであることが好ましい。２０μｍ以下では保水力が下がるうえ、微生物の棲み処となる孔が少ないため微生物製剤として固定するにはあまり適さず、３ｍｍ以上の粒径では製造した肥料を畑、田んぼまたは鉢の土に混入した時に粒径が大き過ぎて団粒構造を壊すため好ましくない。 The particle diameters of the shirasu and shirasu balloon used in the present invention are preferably 20 μm to 3 mm. At 20 μm or less, water retention is reduced, and since there are few pores that can be used to absorb microorganisms, it is not very suitable for fixing as a microbial preparation. Fertilizer manufactured with a particle size of 3 mm or more is mixed with soil in fields, rice fields, or pots. Sometimes the particle size is too large, and the aggregate structure is broken, which is not preferable.
さらに、本発明に使用される動物糞尿は特に限定されることはないが、牛糞、鶏糞、豚糞のいずれか１つまたは２つ以上を選択して使用することができる。 Furthermore, the animal manure used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but any one or two or more of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure can be selected and used.
農作物に必要な３要素、窒素、リンおよびカリウムの含有率は、牛糞の生ふんでは窒素２.５％、リン４.１％、カリウム０.３％、鶏糞の生ふんでは窒素５.０％、リン４.７％、カリウム２.３％、豚糞の生ふんでは窒素４.３％、リン４.９％、カリウム０.６％（肥料便覧、第四版、社団法人、農山漁村文化協会発行）であるが、通常従来の堆肥では、製造に時間がかかり過ぎるため、これら３要素の含有率は非常に低いものとなる。ところが、本発明では、短期間で糞尿を使用可能な状態とすることができるため、３要素の含有率が通常の堆肥より高い非常に優れた肥料を得ることができる。 The three elements necessary for crops, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, are 2.5% for raw cow dung, 4.1% phosphorus, 0.3% potassium, and 5.0% nitrogen for raw chicken dung. , Phosphorus 4.7%, Potassium 2.3%, Pig manure raw nitrogen 4.3%, Phosphorus 4.9%, Potassium 0.6% (Fertilizer manual, 4th edition, corporation, farming and fishing village culture However, since conventional compost takes too much time to produce, the content of these three elements is very low. However, in the present invention, manure can be used in a short period of time, so that a very excellent fertilizer having a three-element content higher than that of normal compost can be obtained.
本発明の肥料に追加できる原料としては、えのきの廃培土、木炭などがあげられる。また、肥料や堆肥の製造に通常用いられる米糠、農業廃棄物、生活廃棄物、籾殻、サトウキビのバカス、米粉などを加えても良い。なかでも、米粉などはアミノ酸などが豊富に含まれており、目的により糞１０ｋｇに対して１〜３ｋｇを加えることが好ましい。 Examples of raw materials that can be added to the fertilizer of the present invention include waste cultivated enoki mushrooms and charcoal. Further, rice bran, agricultural waste, domestic waste, rice husk, sugarcane bacus, rice flour, etc., which are usually used for producing fertilizer and compost may be added. Of these, rice flour and the like are rich in amino acids and the like, and it is preferable to add 1 to 3 kg to 10 kg of feces depending on the purpose.
本発明の消臭有機肥料の製造方法は、たとえば、混合微生物、動物糞尿、およびシラスおよび／またはシラスバルーンから選択される多孔質担体を混合し、表面を密閉し、数十日間放置することにより行なうことができる。 The method for producing a deodorized organic fertilizer of the present invention includes, for example, mixing a mixed carrier, animal excrement, and a porous carrier selected from Shirasu and / or Shirasu balloon, sealing the surface, and leaving it for several tens of days. Can be done.
本発明の消臭有機肥料のもう１つの製造方法は、たとえば、シラスおよび／またはシラスバルーンから選択される多孔質担体に、混合微生物の培養液を含浸させ固定した混合微生物製剤を、動物糞尿および多孔質担体と混合し、表面を密閉し、数十日間放置することにより行なうことができる。 Another method for producing the deodorized organic fertilizer of the present invention includes, for example, a mixed microorganism preparation in which a porous carrier selected from Shirasu and / or Shirasu balloon is impregnated with a culture solution of a mixed microorganism and fixed to animal manure and It can be performed by mixing with a porous carrier, sealing the surface, and leaving it for several tens of days.
本発明の肥料の製造場所はどこでも良く、例えばコンクリート上および土の上で製造することができる。表面は密閉できればどのような形でもよく、ビニールシートで覆うことが簡便で好ましい。 The fertilizer of the present invention can be produced at any place, for example, on concrete and soil. The surface may have any shape as long as it can be sealed, and it is convenient and preferable to cover the surface with a vinyl sheet.
通常、アンモニアの発生は発芽障害や初期発育の障害を引き起こすため、動物糞尿を使用可能な堆肥とするまでには数ヵ月から半年かかるものであるが、本発明の製造方法では、アンモニアの新たな発生がほとんどないため、混合微生物の混合後２０〜５０日で、播種・定植しても根をいためることのない使用可能な肥料とすることができる。発酵期間が２０日より短いと、アンモニアが多少残留している場合があり、植物の生育を阻害しかねない。５０日より長いと窒素、リンおよびカリウムなどの栄養素が減少し、肥料としての効力が低下する傾向にある。 Usually, the generation of ammonia causes a germination disorder and an initial development disorder, so it takes several months to half a year before animal manure can be used as compost. Since there is almost no generation | occurrence | production, it can be set as the usable fertilizer which does not hurt a root | route even after sowing and planting in 20 to 50 days after mixing of mixed microorganisms. If the fermentation period is shorter than 20 days, ammonia may remain to some extent, which may inhibit plant growth. When it is longer than 50 days, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are decreased, and the efficacy as a fertilizer tends to be decreased.
各成分の配合割合は、動物糞尿の重量に対して混合微生物を２〜３％、多孔質担体を５％〜７％の割合が好ましい。 The mixing ratio of each component is preferably 2 to 3% for mixed microorganisms and 5% to 7% for the porous carrier with respect to the weight of animal manure.
本発明の肥料は、種々の蔬菜または花卉の栽培に特に制限なく使用することが出来る。適したものとしては、水菜、小松菜、ミニ大根、ミニ人参、ミニかぶ、玉葱、苺、グリンピース、ほうれん草、きゅうり、ゴーヤ、なすび、レッドキャベツ、ソラマメ、スイートピー、クリサンセマムおよび菊などがあげられる。 The fertilizer of the present invention can be used without particular limitation for the cultivation of various sugar beet or florets. Suitable examples include mizuna, komatsuna, mini radish, mini carrot, mini turnip, onion, salmon, green peas, spinach, cucumber, bitter gourd, eggplant, red cabbage, broad bean, sweet pea, chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum.
以下に実施例をあげて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
製造例１
表１記載の微生物を乾燥重量で等量ずつ混合し、乾燥混合微生物を調製した。この乾燥混合微生物０．３ｇを、水５００ｍｇに糖蜜２ｇを含有させた培養液に添加し、１８〜２３℃で４日培養した。これを粒径２０μｍ〜３ｍｍのシラス（水分量０％〜５％）１０ｋｇに混合して固定させ、混合微生物製剤Ａを製造した。
Production Example 1
The microorganisms listed in Table 1 were mixed in equal amounts by dry weight to prepare dry mixed microorganisms. 0.3 g of this dry mixed microorganism was added to a culture solution containing 2 g of molasses in 500 mg of water, and cultured at 18-23 ° C. for 4 days. This was mixed and fixed in 10 kg of shirasu (water content 0% to 5%) having a particle size of 20 μm to 3 mm to produce a mixed microorganism preparation A.
製造例２
シラスに代えて平均粒径１４１.９２μｍのシラスバルーンＷＢ−６０１（（株）アクシーズケミカル製）５ｋｇを用いた以外は製造例１と同様にして混合微生物製剤Ｂを製造した。
Production Example 2
A mixed microorganism preparation B was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 5 kg of Shirasu Balloon WB-601 (manufactured by Axes Chemical Co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 141.92 μm was used instead of Shirasu.
下記実施例１〜６および比較例１〜６において、肥料は全てビニールシートで表面を密閉し、切り返しをしないで発酵させて製造した。 In the following Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-6, all fertilizers were manufactured by sealing the surface with a vinyl sheet and fermenting without turning back.
実施例１および比較例１
鹿児島県鹿屋市吾平の農地で、牛糞１０ｋｇ、えのきの廃培土１０ｋｇ、混合微生物製剤Ａ２００ｇおよび鹿児島県霧島市国分清水の山林で採取したシラス２ｋｇ（実施例１）または牛糞１０ｋｇおよびえのきの廃培土１０ｋｇ（比較例１）を混ぜ合わせて土の上に置き、２００２年７月１０日から８月８日まで３０日間発酵させた。
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
10 kg of cow dung, 10 kg of enoki waste culture soil, 200 g of mixed microbial preparation A and 10 kg of shirasu collected in Kokubun Kiyomizu Forest of Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, or 10 kg of cow dung waste and 10 kg of enoki mushroom soil. (Comparative Example 1) was mixed and placed on the soil and fermented for 30 days from July 10 to August 8, 2002.
実施例１では堆肥がヘドロ状態になることもなく、悪臭の発生も抑制することができたが、比較例１の肥料は、ビニールシート中でヘドロ状になり、悪臭とガスで目も開けていられない状態となった。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および３０日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表２に示す。 In Example 1, the compost did not become sludge, and the generation of malodor could be suppressed, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 1 became sludge in the vinyl sheet, and the eyes were opened with malodor and gas. I was unable to do so. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on the first, tenth, twenty and thirty days using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２より、実施例１の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、１０日目にはアンモニア濃度が３分の１程度まで低下し、２０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例１の肥料では、３０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、３０日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。 From Table 2, the fertilizer of Example 1 had a mild temperature change, and the fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about one third on the 10th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 20th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 1, a rapid temperature increase continued until the 30th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 30th day.
実施例２および比較例２
鹿児島県霧島市国分の農地で、牛糞１ｔ、混合微生物製剤Ａ１ｋｇおよび鹿児島県霧島市国分清水の山林で採取したシラス１０ｋｇ（実施例２）を混ぜ合わせて畑に積み上げ、または牛糞１ｔのみ（比較例２）を土の上におき、２００３年１０月３日から１１月３日まで３１日間発酵させた。
Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
In farmland in Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, 1t of cow dung, mixed microorganism preparation A1kg and Shirasu 10kg (Example 2) collected from Kiribun Shimizu Forest in Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture are mixed and stacked in the field, or only 1t of cow dung (comparative example) 2) was placed on the soil and fermented from October 3rd to November 3rd, 2003 for 31 days.
実施例２では堆肥がヘドロ状態になることもなく、悪臭の発生も抑制することができたが、比較例２の肥料は、ビニールシート中でヘドロ状になり、悪臭とガスで目も開けていられない状態となった。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および３０日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表３に示す。 In Example 2, the compost did not become sludge, and it was possible to suppress the generation of malodor, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 2 became sludge in the vinyl sheet, and the eyes were opened with malodor and gas. I was unable to do so. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on the first, tenth, twenty and thirty days using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 3.
表３より、実施例２の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、１０日目にはアンモニア濃度が２分の１程度まで低下し、２０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例２の肥料では、３０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、３０日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。 From Table 3, the fertilizer of Example 2 had a mild temperature change, and fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about a half on the 10th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 20th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 2, the rapid temperature increase continued until the 30th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 30th day.
また、実施例２では、積み上げた肥料の周辺に雑草の生育が認められ、さらにビニールシートの中でも約２０日後には雑草が生長した。これにより、実施例２では発酵が進むにつれ肥料からアンモニアガスなどの植物の害となるガスが発生しなくなることが実証された。 Moreover, in Example 2, weed growth was observed around the accumulated fertilizer, and the weed grew after about 20 days in the vinyl sheet. Thus, in Example 2, it was demonstrated that as fermenting progresses, no fertilizer generates gas that would harm plants such as ammonia gas.
実施例３および比較例３
鹿児島県霧島市国分の農地で、牛糞１ｔ、混合微生物製剤Ａ１ｋｇ、木炭５ｋｇ、米糠１０ｋｇおよび鹿児島県霧島市国分清水の山林で採取したシラス１０ｋｇ（実施例３）または牛糞１ｔおよび米糠１０ｋｇ（比較例３）を混ぜ合わせて畑の土の上に積み上げ、２００４年１月１３日から２月１３日まで３２日間発酵させた。
Example 3 and Comparative Example 3
In farmland in Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, 1 t of cow dung, 1 kg of mixed microorganism preparation, 5 kg of charcoal, 10 kg of rice bran, and 10 kg of shirasu collected in the mountain forest of Kokubun Kiyomizu, Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture (Example 3) or 1 kg of cow dung and 10 kg of rice bran (comparative example) 3) was mixed and piled up on the soil of the field, and fermented for 32 days from January 13 to February 13, 2004.
実施例１では堆肥がヘドロ状態になることもなく、悪臭の発生も抑制することができたが、比較例１の肥料は、ビニールシート中でヘドロ状になり、悪臭とガスで目も開けていられない状態となった。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および３０日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表４に示す。 In Example 1, the compost did not become sludge, and the generation of malodor could be suppressed, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 1 became sludge in the vinyl sheet, and the eyes were opened with malodor and gas. I was unable to do so. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on the first, tenth, twenty and thirty days using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 4.
表４より、実施例３の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、１０日目にはアンモニア濃度が４分の３程度まで低下し、３０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例３の肥料では、２０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、３０日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。 From Table 4, the temperature change of the fertilizer of Example 3 was gentle, and fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about three-quarters on the 10th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 30th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 3, the temperature increased rapidly until the 20th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 30th day.
また、実施例３では、積み上げた肥料の周辺に雑草の生育が認められ、さらにビニールシートの中でも約２０日後には雑草が生長した。これにより、実施例３では発酵が進むにつれ肥料からアンモニアガスなどの植物の害となるガスが発生しなくなることが実証された。 Moreover, in Example 3, weed growth was recognized around the piled fertilizer, and weeds grew after about 20 days in the vinyl sheet. Thus, in Example 3, it was demonstrated that as fermenting progresses, no gas that would harm plants such as ammonia gas was generated from the fertilizer.
実施例４および比較例４
鹿児島県指宿市畜産農家の駐車場のコンクリートの上に、牛糞１０ｔ、混合微生物製剤Ａ１０ｋｇ、木炭２０ｋｇ、米糠４０ｋｇおよび鹿児島県喜入町の山林から採取したシラス４０ｋｇを混ぜ合わせて積み上げ（実施例４）、または牛糞２ｔを積み上げ（比較例４）２００４年２月５日から３月５日まで３０日間発酵させた。
実施例４では悪臭とガスの発生を抑制することができたが、比較例４の肥料は悪臭とガスを発生させた。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および２９日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表５に示す。
Example 4 and Comparative Example 4
(Example 4) Mixing and stacking 10t of cattle manure, 10kg of mixed microorganism preparation A, 20kg of charcoal, 40kg of rice bran, and 40kg of shirasu collected from the forests of Kiiri-cho, Kagoshima Alternatively, 2 t of cow dung was stacked (Comparative Example 4) and fermented for 30 days from February 5, 2004 to March 5, 2004.
In Example 4, it was possible to suppress the generation of malodor and gas, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 4 generated malodor and gas. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on day 1, 10, 20 and 29 using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 5.
表５より、実施例４の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、１０日目にはアンモニア濃度が２分の１程度まで低下し、２０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例３の肥料では、２０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、２９日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。これにより、実施例４では発酵が進むにつれ肥料からアンモニアガスなどの植物の害となるガスが発生しなくなることが実証された。 From Table 5, the temperature change of the fertilizer of Example 4 was gentle, and fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about a half on the 10th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 20th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 3, the temperature increased rapidly until the 20th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 29th day. As a result, it was demonstrated in Example 4 that as fermenting progresses, no fertilizer generates gas that would harm plants such as ammonia gas.
実施例５および比較例５
鹿児島県指宿市畜産農家の堆舎のコンクリートの上に、牛糞１０ｔ、混合微生物製剤Ｂ１０ｋｇ、木炭２０ｋｇ、米糠４０ｋｇおよびシラスバルーンＳＳＢ−４００（（株）アクシーズケミカル製、４９．３〜１．４ミクロンの菌の増殖用基材）１０ｋｇを混ぜ合わせて積み上げ（実施例５）、または牛糞２ｔを積み上げ（比較例５）、２００４年５月２０日から６月２０日までの３２日間発酵させた。
Example 5 and Comparative Example 5
Cattle manure 10t, mixed microorganism preparation B10kg, charcoal 20kg, rice bran 40kg and Shirasu Balloon SSB-400 (manufactured by Axes Chemical Co., Ltd., 49.3-1.4 microns) (Example 5) or cow dung 2t was stacked (Comparative Example 5) and fermented for 32 days from May 20 to June 20, 2004.
実施例５では悪臭とガスの発生を抑制することができたが、比較例５の肥料は悪臭とガスを発生させた。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および３０日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表６に示す。 In Example 5, it was possible to suppress the generation of malodor and gas, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 5 generated malodor and gas. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on the first, tenth, twenty and thirty days using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 6.
表６より、実施例５の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、１０日目にはアンモニア濃度が２分の１程度まで低下し、２０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例５の肥料では、３０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、３０日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。これにより、実施例５では発酵が進むにつれ肥料からアンモニアガスなどの植物の害となるガスが発生しなくなることが実証された。 From Table 6, the temperature change of the fertilizer of Example 5 was gentle, and fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about a half on the 10th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 20th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 5, the rapid temperature increase continued until the 30th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 30th day. As a result, in Example 5, it was demonstrated that as fermenting progresses, no gas that would harm plants such as ammonia gas was generated from the fertilizer.
実施例６および比較例６
鹿児島県曽於郡大崎町の駐車場のコンクリートの上に、牛糞５００ｋｇ、鶏糞５００ｋｇ、混合微生物製剤Ａ１ｋｇおよび鹿児島県曽於郡大崎町の山林から採取したシラス１０ｋｇ（実施例６）、または牛糞５００ｋｇおよび鶏糞５００ｋｇ（比較例６）を混ぜ合わせて積み上げ、２００５年８月２１日から９月２１日までの３２日間発酵させた。
Example 6 and Comparative Example 6
On the concrete in the parking lot in Osaki-cho, Kagoshima Prefecture, 500 kg of cow dung, 500 kg of chicken dung, 1 kg of mixed microorganism preparation, and 10 kg of shirasu collected from the mountain forest of Osaki-cho, Kagoshima Prefecture (Example 6), or 500 kg of cow dung and chicken dung 500 kg (Comparative Example 6) was mixed and stacked, and fermented for 32 days from August 21, 2005 to September 21, 2005.
実施例６では悪臭とガスの発生を抑制することができたが、比較例６の肥料はビニールシートの中でヘドロ状になり、悪臭とガスを発生させた。発酵中の温度およびアンモニア濃度の変化を１、１０、２０および３０日目にガステック検知管式気体測定器（目盛範囲：１〜３０ｐｐｍ；（株）ガステック製、品番ＧＶ−１００Ｓ）により測定した。結果を表７に示す。 In Example 6, the generation of malodor and gas could be suppressed, but the fertilizer of Comparative Example 6 became sludge in the vinyl sheet and generated malodor and gas. Changes in temperature and ammonia concentration during fermentation were measured on the first, tenth, twenty and thirty days using a GASTEC detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm; manufactured by GASTECH, product number GV-100S) did. The results are shown in Table 7.
表７より、実施例６の肥料は温度変化が穏やかで、発酵が徐々に進行した。また、２０日目にはアンモニア濃度が３分の１程度まで低下し、３０日目にはほぼアンモニアは発生しなくなっていることが明らかになった。比較例６の肥料では、２０日目まで急激な温度上昇を続けた。またアンモニア濃度については、１０日目ですでに検出上限の３０ｐｐｍ以上を示し、３０日目まで３０ｐｐｍ以上の高いアンモニア濃度を示した。これにより、実施例６では発酵が進むにつれ肥料からアンモニアガスなどの植物の害となるガスが発生しなくなることが実証された。 From Table 7, the fertilizer of Example 6 had a mild temperature change, and the fermentation proceeded gradually. Moreover, it became clear that the ammonia concentration dropped to about one third on the 20th day, and almost no ammonia was generated on the 30th day. In the fertilizer of Comparative Example 6, the rapid temperature increase continued until the 20th day. As for the ammonia concentration, the upper limit of detection was already 30 ppm or more on the 10th day, and a high ammonia concentration of 30 ppm or more was shown until the 30th day. Thus, in Example 6, it was demonstrated that as fermenting progressed, no fertilizer generated gas that would harm plants such as ammonia gas.
実施例７ 水菜栽培
実施例１の肥料５ｋｇ、黒土２．５ｋｇおよび腐葉土２．５ｋｇを混ぜ、ネットハウスの中で育苗用のプラスチックの箱（Ｗ６０ｃｍ×Ｄ３０ｃｍ×Ｈ４ｃｍ）に入れ、９月５日に水菜の種を５ｃｍ間隔で数個ずつ２０ヵ所蒔いた。４日後に発芽し、その後間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４０〜４５日後に２０株全てを収穫することができた。葉の長さは２５〜３０ｃｍまで生長した。
Example 7 Mizuna Cultivation Mix 5kg of fertilizer of Example 1, 2.5kg of black soil and 2.5kg of humus soil, put them in a plastic box for raising seedlings (W60cm x D30cm x H4cm) in a net house, and on September 5 Several 20 mizuna seeds were planted at 5 cm intervals. It germinated after 4 days, and then thinned out to one strain at one place, and all 20 strains could be harvested after 40 to 45 days. Leaf length grew to 25-30 cm.
また、組合化成７号（三菱化学（株）製）の肥料１ｋｇと黒土３ｋｇと腐葉土３ｋｇを混ぜ、４月５日に水菜の種を５ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ２０ヵ所蒔いた。４日後に発芽し、４５〜６５日後までかけて１７株を収穫することができたが、３株は収穫できる大きさに満たなかった。収穫した葉の長さは１５〜２０ｃｍであった。 Also, 1 kg of fertilizer from Kunsei Kasei No. 7 (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.), 3 kg of black soil and 3 kg of humus were mixed, and on April 5, 20 seeds of mizuna were planted at 5 cm intervals. Germination occurred after 4 days, and 17 strains could be harvested from 45 to 65 days later, but 3 strains were not large enough to be harvested. The length of the harvested leaves was 15-20 cm.
実施例８ 小松菜栽培
実施例１の肥料を５ｋｇと黒土２．５ｋｇと腐葉土２．５ｋｇを混ぜ、９月５日に、ネットハウスの中で育苗用のプラスチックの箱（Ｗ６０ｃｍ×Ｄ３０ｃｍ×Ｈ４ｃｍ）に入れ、これに小松菜の種を５ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。４日後に発芽し、１２日後に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４４〜４９日後に４０株全てを収穫することができた。葉の長さは２６〜３３ｃｍまで生長した。
Example 8 Komatsuna cultivation 5 kg of fertilizer of Example 1, 2.5 kg of black soil and 2.5 kg of humus soil were mixed, and on September 5 in a plastic box for raising seedlings in a net house (W 60 cm x D 30 cm x H 4 cm) Into this, several seeds of Komatsuna were seeded at 40 places at intervals of 5 cm. It germinated after 4 days, thinned out after 12 days to give one strain at one place, and all 40 strains could be harvested after 44 to 49 days. Leaf length grew to 26-33 cm.
組合化成７号（三菱化学（株）製）の肥料１ｋｇと黒土３ｋｇと腐葉土３ｋｇを混ぜ、４月５日に小松菜の種を５ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。４日後に発芽し、１５日目に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、５０〜６０日までかけて１５株を収穫することができたが、２５株は収穫できる大きさに満たなかった。収穫した葉の長さは１５〜２０ｃｍであった。 We mixed 1 kg of fertilizer from Kunsei Kasei 7 (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.), 3 kg of black soil and 3 kg of humus soil, and on April 5, we planted several seeds of komatsuna at several intervals of 5 cm. It germinated after 4 days, and it was thinned out on the 15th day to make one strain at one place, and 15 strains could be harvested from 50 to 60 days, but 25 strains were not large enough to be harvested. The length of the harvested leaves was 15-20 cm.
実施例９ ミニ大根栽培
実施例１の肥料を５ｋｇと黒土２．５ｋｇと腐葉土２．５ｋｇを混ぜ、ネットハウスの中でプラスチックの箱（Ｗ４５ｃｍ×Ｄ３５ｃｍ×Ｈ８ｃｍ）に入れ、２月２８日にミニ大根の種を５ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。５日後に発芽し、９日後に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４９日後に４０株全てを収穫することができた。ミニ大根の直径は２〜３ｃｍ、長さが５〜６ｃｍまで生長した。
Example 9 Mini Radish Cultivation 5 kg of fertilizer of Example 1, 2.5 kg of black soil, and 2.5 kg of humus soil are mixed and placed in a plastic box (W45 cm x D35 cm x H8 cm) in a net house. Several radish seeds were planted at intervals of 5 cm at 40 locations. It germinated after 5 days, thinned out after 9 days to give one strain at one place, and all 40 strains could be harvested after 49 days. The mini radish had a diameter of 2 to 3 cm and a length of 5 to 6 cm.
組合化成３号（片倉チッカリン（株）製）の肥料１ｋｇと黒土５ｋｇと腐葉土３ｋｇを混ぜ、２月２８日にミニ大根の種を４ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。５日後に発芽し、１０日後に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４５〜６０日後までかけて３８株を収穫することができたが、２株は収穫できる大きさに満たなかった。収穫したミニ大根の直径は平均約２．０ｃｍ、長さが約４．９ｃｍであった。 We mixed 1 kg of fertilizer and 5 kg of black soil and 3 kg of humus soil from Kunsei Kasei No. 3 (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.). On February 28, 40 seeds of mini radish were seeded at 4 cm intervals. It germinated after 5 days, and after 10 days, it was thinned to one strain at one place, and 38 strains could be harvested from 45 to 60 days later, but the two strains were not large enough to be harvested. The harvested mini radish had an average diameter of about 2.0 cm and a length of about 4.9 cm.
実施例１０ ミニカブ栽培
実施例１の肥料を５ｋｇと黒土２．５ｋｇと腐葉土２．５ｋｇを混ぜ、２月２８日に、プラスチックの箱（Ｗ４５ｃｍ×Ｄ３５ｃｍ×Ｈ８ｃｍ）に入れ、これにミニカブの種を５ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。５日後に発芽し、９日後に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４９日後に４０株全てを収穫することができた。ミニカブの直径は２〜３ｃｍ、長さが２〜３ｃｍまで生長した。
Example 10 Mini Turnip Cultivation Mix 5kg of fertilizer of Example 1, 2.5kg of black soil, and 2.5kg of humus soil and put it in a plastic box (W45cm x D35cm x H8cm) on February 28th. Several 40 pieces were placed at 5 cm intervals. It germinated after 5 days, thinned out after 9 days to give one strain at one place, and all 40 strains could be harvested after 49 days. The mini-cube grew to 2 to 3 cm in diameter and 2 to 3 cm in length.
組合化成３号（片倉チッカリン（株）製）の肥料１ｋｇと黒土５ｋｇと腐葉土３ｋｇを混ぜ、２月２８日にミニカブの種を４ｃｍ間隔に数個ずつ４０ヵ所蒔いた。５日後に発芽し、１０日後に間引きして１ヵ所１株とし、４５〜６０日後までかけて３５株を収穫することができたが、５株は収穫できる大きさに満たなかった。収穫したミニカブの直径は平均約１．９ｃｍ、長さが平均約２ｃｍまで生長した。 We mixed 1 kg of fertilizer and 5 kg of black soil and 3 kg of humus soil from Kunsei Kasei No. 3 (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.). It germinated after 5 days and thinned out after 10 days to give one strain at one place, and 35 strains could be harvested from 45 to 60 days later, but 5 strains were not large enough to be harvested. The harvested mini-cubs grew to an average diameter of about 1.9 cm and an average length of about 2 cm.
実施例１１ クリサンセマム栽培
実施例１の肥料を５ｋｇと黒土２．５ｋｇと腐葉土２．５ｋｇを混ぜ、プランター（Ｗ４０ｃｍ×Ｄ２０ｃｍ×Ｈ２５ｃｍ）に入れ、高さ１０ｃｍほどのクリサンセマムの花２株を７月１３日に移植した。１ヵ月後、クリサンセマムは高さが３０ｃｍほどに生長し、プランターからあふれるほど大きくなった。
Example 11 Chrysanthemum cultivation 5 kg of fertilizer of Example 1, 2.5 kg of black soil, and 2.5 kg of humus soil were mixed and placed in a planter (W40 cm × D20 cm × H25 cm). Transplanted on the day. A month later, Chrysanthemam grew to a height of about 30 cm and became so large that it overflowed from the planter.
組合化成３号（片倉チッカリン（株）製）の肥料１ｋｇと黒土３ｋｇと腐葉土３ｋｇを混ぜ、高さ１０ｃｍほどの２株を７月１３日に移植した。１ヵ月後、クリサンセマムは高さが２５〜２８ｃｍほどに生長した。 1 kg of fertilizer, 3 kg of black soil, and 3 kg of humus soil from Union Chemical No. 3 (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and two strains about 10 cm in height were transplanted on July 13. One month later, Chrysanthemam grew to a height of about 25-28 cm.
実施例１２ タマネギ栽培
５坪の畑に２５０ｋｇの実施例２の肥料を撒き、１２月２１日にタマネギを移植し、４月５日に収穫した。
Example 12 Onion cultivation 250 kg of the fertilizer of Example 2 was sown in a 5 tsubo field, and the onion was transplanted on December 21 and harvested on April 5.
今回利用した畑では、過去１０年間、組合化成７号（三菱化学（株）製）や、通常の牛糞、鶏糞を施しても直径１０ｃｍほどのタマネギしかできなかったが、実施例２の肥料を施したことで直径１２〜１５ｃｍのタマネギができた。農薬は１度も使用しなかった。 In the field used this time, only the onion of about 10 cm in diameter was produced even if it applied union chemical No. 7 (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.), normal cow dung, and chicken dung for the past 10 years, but the fertilizer of Example 2 was used. The onion of diameter 12-15cm was made by giving. No pesticides were used.
実施例１３ イチゴ栽培
１０坪の畑に５００ｋｇの実施例２の肥料を撒き、１２月２１日にイチゴを移植、３月２１日に収穫した。この畑では過去１０年間、組合化成７号（三菱化学（株）製）、通常の牛糞、鶏糞を施しても直径２ｃｍほどのイチゴしかできなかったが、実施例２の肥料を施したことで例年の倍近い直径３〜４ｃｍのイチゴが多数できた。例年は３、４回散布する殺虫殺菌剤オレート液剤（大塚化学（株）製）は１回だけ散布した。
Example 13 Strawberry cultivation 500 kg of the fertilizer of Example 2 was planted in a 10 tsubo field, and strawberries were transplanted on December 21 and harvested on March 21. In this field, union chemical 7 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.), ordinary cow dung, and chicken dung, only a strawberry with a diameter of about 2 cm was produced, but the fertilizer of Example 2 was applied. Many strawberries with a diameter of 3 to 4 cm, which is almost twice the average year, were made. In the usual year, the insecticide bactericide Olate solution (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) sprayed three or four times was sprayed only once.
実施例１４ グリンピース栽培
５坪の畑に２５０ｋｇの実施例２の肥料を撒いて、１２月２８日にグリンピースを播種し、３月２８日に収穫した。この畑では過去１０年間、ＩＢ化成（三菱化学アグリ（株）製）や、通常の牛糞を施しても高さ約１．７ｍまでしか生長しなかったが、実施例２の肥料を施したことで高さ約２．２ｍまで生長した。例年４、５回散布する殺虫剤マラソン乳剤（日本農薬（株）製）は本発明の肥料を施すと２回のみの散布で済んだ。
Example 14 Green pea cultivation 250 kg of the fertilizer of Example 2 was sown in a 5 tsubo field, the green peas were sown on December 28, and harvested on March 28. In this field, IB Kasei (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Aguri Co., Ltd.) and normal cow dung only grew to about 1.7m in height, but the fertilizer of Example 2 was applied. And grew to about 2.2m in height. The pesticide marathon emulsion (manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd.) sprayed four or five times a year only needs to be sprayed only twice when the fertilizer of the present invention is applied.
実施例１５ ほうれん草栽培
宮崎県綾町のビニールハウス内に、高さ０．７ｍ×幅１．２ｍ×長さ１５ｍの台の上に、綾町の山林から採取した土を１５ｃｍの厚さに盛り、ほうれん草を１５ｃｍ間隔で５０列播種すると、５、６日後に発芽した。２０日後、５０列のうち１５列に３０ｋｇの実施例３の肥料を、残りの３５列に２０ｋｇの化学肥料くみあい尿素入り硫化リン安５５５（コープケミカル（株）製）を施肥した。その後、発芽から６０日後には、化学肥料を施肥したほうれん草は５〜１０ｃｍの生長しか見られず、まだ収穫できる大きさになっていなかったのに比べて、実施例３の肥料を施肥したほうれん草は２５〜３０ｃｍまでに生長し、収穫することができた。
Example 15 Spinach cultivation In a greenhouse in Aya-cho, Miyazaki Prefecture, a soil sampled from a mountain forest in Aya-machi is placed on a stand of 0.7 m height x 1.2 m width x 15 m length, and spinach is added. When 50 rows were seeded at intervals of 15 cm, germination occurred after 5 or 6 days. Twenty days later, 15 kg of the fertilizer of Example 3 was applied to 15 rows out of 50 rows, and 20 kg of the chemical fertilizer mixture was added to the remaining 35 rows, and phosphorus ammonium sulfide 555 (manufactured by Corp Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied. Then, 60 days after germination, spinach fertilized with chemical fertilizer showed only 5-10 cm of growth and was not yet large enough to be harvested compared to spinach fertilized with fertilizer of Example 3. Grew to 25-30 cm and could be harvested.
実施例１６ きゅうり栽培
４ｔの実施例４の肥料を鹿児島県指宿市の農地３００坪に投入し、きゅうりを栽培した。９月２日、約２０ｃｍのきゅうり２０株を移植し、１０月２０日に収穫した。きゅうりの長さは３０〜４０ｃｍ、直径が５〜８ｃｍと、例年のものに比べて３０％ほど大きく生長し、収穫量も例年より約２０％増加した。害虫の発生はなく、農薬の散布は行わなかった。
Example 16 Cucumber cultivation 4 t of the fertilizer of Example 4 was added to 300 tsubo of farmland in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture, and cucumbers were cultivated. On September 2, 20 cucumber strains of about 20 cm were transplanted and harvested on October 20. The length of the cucumbers was 30-40 cm and the diameter was 5-8 cm, growing 30% larger than that of the usual year, and the yield increased by about 20%. There was no generation of pests, and no pesticides were sprayed.
実施例１７ ゴーヤ栽培
４ｔの実施例４の肥料を鹿児島県指宿市の農地３００坪に投入し、ゴーヤを栽培した。９月５日、約２０ｃｍのゴーヤの苗１０株を移植し、１１月２０日に収穫した。ゴーヤの実の長さは２０〜３０ｃｍ、直径が８〜１０ｃｍと、例年のものよりも約３５％大きく生長し、収穫量も２０％増加した。この間農薬は使用していないが、害虫の発生はなかった。
Example 17 Bitter gourd cultivation 4t of the fertilizer of Example 4 was introduced into 300 tsubo of farmland in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture, and bitter gourd was grown. On September 5, 10 seedlings of bitter gourd approximately 20 cm were transplanted and harvested on November 20. The bitter gourd was 20-30 cm in length and 8-10 cm in diameter, growing about 35% larger than the average year, and the yield increased by 20%. Pesticides were not used during this period, but no pests were generated.
実施例１８ なすび栽培
４ｔの実施例４の肥料を鹿児島県指宿市の農地３００坪に投入し、９月５日に約１５ｃｍのなすびの苗を１０株移植して１１月１５日に収穫した。長さが２０〜３０ｃｍ、直径が５〜８ｃｍと、例年のものよりも約２０％大きく生長し、収穫量も２５％増加した。この間農薬は使用していないが、害虫の発生はなかった。
Example 18 Eggplant cultivation 4 t of the fertilizer of Example 4 was introduced into 300 tsubo of farmland in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture. On September 5, 10 seedlings of approximately 15 cm of eggplant were transplanted and harvested on November 15. The length was 20-30 cm and the diameter was 5-8 cm, growing about 20% larger than the usual one, and the yield increased by 25%. Pesticides were not used during this period, but no pests were generated.
実施例１９ レッドキャベツ栽培
６ｔの実施例５の肥料を鹿児島県指宿市の農地４００坪に投入し、１０月１５日に１０ｃｍのレッドキャベツの苗を移植した。例年の外側の葉は移植６６日後には１５〜２０ｃｍであるのに対し、本発明の肥料を施したレッドキャベツの外側の葉は３０〜４５ｃｍにまで大きく生長した。また、例年は４回行う農薬散布は１回も行なわなかった。
Example 19 Red Cabbage Cultivation 6 t of the fertilizer of Example 5 was introduced into 400 tsubo of farmland in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture, and on October 15 a 10 cm red cabbage seedling was transplanted. The outer leaves of the normal year were 15-20 cm 66 days after transplanting, whereas the outer leaves of the red cabbage to which the fertilizer of the present invention was applied grew greatly to 30-45 cm. In addition, the pesticide spraying performed four times in the normal year was not performed once.
実施例２０ ソラマメ栽培
１２ｔの実施例５の肥料を鹿児島県指宿市の農地１０００坪に８月２５日に投入して、９月４日に２〜５ｃｍのソラマメの苗を５０ｃｍ間隔で移植した。例年の収穫予定より約１週間早い１１月１０日には１回目の収穫をすることができた。根腐れ病やアブラムシによる被害は例年の２０％に対し、１０％に抑えることができた。殺菌剤ダイセンステンレス（ダウケミカル日本（株）製）の散布も例年は４回行なうのに対して、２回で済んだ。補助剤アファーム乳剤（シンジェンタ ジャパン（株）製）は例年６回であるのに対し、４回使用した。
Example 20 Broad bean cultivation 12 t of the fertilizer of Example 5 was introduced on 1000 tsubo of farmland in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture on August 25, and 2-5 cm broad bean seedlings were transplanted at 50 cm intervals on September 4. The first harvest was made on November 10, about one week earlier than the usual harvest schedule. The damage caused by root rot and aphids was reduced to 10% compared to 20% in the previous year. The spraying of the disinfectant Daisen Stainless (manufactured by Dow Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.) was performed twice, while it was performed four times a year. Adjuvant Affirm Emulsion (manufactured by Syngenta Japan Co., Ltd.) was used 4 times compared to 6 times per year.
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