JP5003215B2 - Electric double layer capacitor - Google Patents

Electric double layer capacitor Download PDF

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JP5003215B2
JP5003215B2 JP2007059451A JP2007059451A JP5003215B2 JP 5003215 B2 JP5003215 B2 JP 5003215B2 JP 2007059451 A JP2007059451 A JP 2007059451A JP 2007059451 A JP2007059451 A JP 2007059451A JP 5003215 B2 JP5003215 B2 JP 5003215B2
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layer
positive electrode
separator
negative electrode
capacitor
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JP2008226942A (en
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基浩 坂田
菜穂 松村
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve reliability by preventing hydrolytic cleavage by acid of an separator and make the separator thin. <P>SOLUTION: A capacitor element 1 is constituted of a pair of a positive electrode 6a and a negative electrode 6b having polarizing electrode layers 4 including polarizing electrodes formed in layers on a collector 3 made of a metallic foil and by winding so that the electrode layers 4 face each other via the separator 5. The capacitor element 1 is accommodated in a case 8 together with a driving electrolytic solution containing fluorine-containing anions serving as electrolyte, thereby providing an electric double-layer capacitor. The separator 5 comprises a positive electrode opposite layer 5a made of a polyolefin film or polyvinylidene fluoride film facing the positive electrode 6a and a negative electrode opposite layer 5b facing the negative electrode 6b. The negative electrode opposite layer 5b is cellulose made on the positive electrode opposite layer 5a. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、各種電子機器に利用される電気二重層キャパシタに関し、特に長期信頼性に優れた電気二重層キャパシタに関するものである。   The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor used in various electronic devices, and more particularly to an electric double layer capacitor excellent in long-term reliability.

従来の電気二重層キャパシタはアルミニウム箔などの集電体に活性炭を主成分とする分極性電極を層状に形成した分極性電極層を設けた電極体を2枚1組とし、前記分極性電極層同士をセパレータを介して対向させることによりキャパシタ素子を構成し、このキャパシタ素子に駆動用電解液を含浸させることにより構成されているものである。   A conventional electric double layer capacitor includes a pair of electrode bodies each having a polarizable electrode layer formed by laminating a polarizable electrode mainly composed of activated carbon on a current collector such as an aluminum foil, and the polarizable electrode layer Capacitor elements are formed by facing each other through a separator, and the capacitor elements are impregnated with a driving electrolyte.

この構成においてセパレータは駆動用電解液を含浸させて保持させるとともに正極と負極の短絡を防止するために用いられている。   In this configuration, the separator is used to impregnate and hold the driving electrolyte and prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

なお、この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2が知られている。
特開平10−256088号公報 特開2000−106327号公報
As prior art document information related to the invention of this application, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are known.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-256088 JP 2000-106327 A

上記従来の構成においては、特に正極近傍において、電解液中のアニオンが水と反応することによって強酸性物質を生成し、その結果、セパレータを分解してしまうということがあった。   In the conventional configuration described above, particularly in the vicinity of the positive electrode, the anion in the electrolytic solution reacts with water to generate a strongly acidic substance, resulting in decomposition of the separator.

そもそもセパレータに含まれているセルロースは水やアルコール、エーテルなどの溶媒に不溶な白色繊維状物質であり、このセルロースによってセパレータの強度が維持されているものであるが、酸によっては加水分解を受けてしまうため、特に強酸においてはセパレータの強度が著しく低下してしまうものであった。   In the first place, the cellulose contained in the separator is a white fibrous material that is insoluble in solvents such as water, alcohol and ether, and the strength of the separator is maintained by this cellulose. Therefore, particularly with strong acids, the strength of the separator is significantly reduced.

このようにセパレータが分解されてしまうと電極間においてショートが発生する可能性が高くなるものであった。   If the separator is decomposed in this way, there is a high possibility that a short circuit occurs between the electrodes.

従来はこのような課題を解決するために、キャパシタ素子のセパレータにおいて正極に面したセルロース上に、負極と面した部分として樹脂などのセルロースと異なる材料からなる抑止層を接着や塗布によって設けることを考えた。しかし、この方法によるとセルロース自体の厚みも厚い上に、さらに接着や塗布によって抑止層を設けるために電極間距離が大きくなり、抵抗が大きくなってしまうために改善が必要であった。   Conventionally, in order to solve such a problem, on the cellulose facing the positive electrode in the separator of the capacitor element, a deterring layer made of a material different from cellulose such as resin is provided by adhesion or application as a portion facing the negative electrode. Thought. However, according to this method, the thickness of the cellulose itself is thick, and further, since the prevention layer is formed by adhesion or application, the distance between the electrodes becomes large and the resistance becomes large, so that improvement is necessary.

そこで本発明は、電解液中の電解質劣化によって生成する強酸性物質によるセパレータの分解を抑制するとともにセパレータの厚みを薄くすることを目的とするものである。   In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to suppress the separator from being decomposed by a strong acidic substance generated by the electrolyte deterioration in the electrolytic solution and reduce the thickness of the separator.

この目的を達成するために本発明は、キャパシタ素子のセパレータにおいてポリフッ化ビニリデンフィルムからなる正極に面した正極対向層と、負極に面した負極対向層と、で構成し、この負極対向層は正極対向層上で抄かれたセルロースの層であり、前記正極対向層より前記負極対向層の方が薄い電気二重層キャパシタとした。 In order to achieve this object, the present invention comprises a positive electrode facing layer facing a positive electrode made of a polyvinylidene fluoride film and a negative electrode facing layer facing a negative electrode in a separator of a capacitor element. layer der of cellulose carded on opposing layer is, and the positive electrode is thin electric double layer capacitor toward the negative electrode facing layer than the counter layer.

本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、特にキャパシタ素子で負極に面したセパレータの負極対向層にポリオレフィンからなる正極対向層上に抄かれたセルロースを設けているので、正極近傍で電解液中の電解質劣化に由来して生成する強酸によってセパレータが加水分解されるのを抑制することができるとともに、セパレータ全体の厚みを薄くすることができるので抵抗を小さくして、長期信頼性に優れた電気二重層キャパシタを提供することができるものである。   In the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, since the cellulose made on the positive electrode facing layer made of polyolefin is provided in the negative electrode facing layer of the separator facing the negative electrode in the capacitor element, electrolyte deterioration in the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the positive electrode The electric double layer capacitor has excellent long-term reliability because the separator can be prevented from being hydrolyzed by the strong acid generated from the above and the thickness of the entire separator can be reduced. Can be provided.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図を用いて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(実施の形態)
図1は本実施の形態における電気二重層キャパシタの構成を示した一部切り欠き斜視図である。
(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a configuration of an electric double layer capacitor in the present embodiment.

図1において、1はキャパシタ素子を示し、このキャパシタ素子1はリード線2を接続したアルミニウム箔からなる集電体3に活性炭などからなる分極性電極(図示せず)を層状に形成し、分極性電極層4とし、これを一対の電極とし、その間に短絡防止用のセパレータ5を介在させて巻回することにより構成されているものである。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a capacitor element. In this capacitor element 1, a polarizable electrode (not shown) made of activated carbon or the like is formed in layers on a current collector 3 made of an aluminum foil to which lead wires 2 are connected. The polar electrode layer 4 is used as a pair of electrodes, and is wound by interposing a separator 5 for preventing a short circuit therebetween.

なお、リード線2、集電体3、分極性電極層4はそれぞれ正負極に対応するよう一対用意されている。   A pair of the lead wire 2, the current collector 3, and the polarizable electrode layer 4 are prepared so as to correspond to the positive and negative electrodes, respectively.

このキャパシタ素子1に駆動用電解液(図示せず)を含浸させ、図1に示すごとく、キャパシタ素子1の上端部にリード線2が挿通する孔を設けたゴム製の封口部材7を嵌め込み、アルミニウムからなる有底円筒状のケース8に収納して、ケース8の開口部を絞り加工することにより、封口部材7を圧縮してケース8を封止するように構成されている。   The capacitor element 1 is impregnated with a driving electrolyte (not shown), and a rubber sealing member 7 having a hole through which the lead wire 2 is inserted is fitted into the upper end portion of the capacitor element 1 as shown in FIG. The case 8 is configured to be stored in a bottomed cylindrical case 8 made of aluminum and the case 8 is sealed by compressing the sealing member 7 by drawing the opening of the case 8.

駆動用電解液はフッ素を含んだアニオンが電解質となっている。   In the driving electrolyte, an anion containing fluorine is an electrolyte.

図2は集電体3と分極性電極層4とセパレータ5の断面図であり、図2において集電体3の両面に分極性電極層4を設けた一対の電極が正極6a、負極6bとなる際に、セパレータ5の正極6aに対向しているものが正極対向層5aであり、負極6bに対向しているものが負極対向層5bである。   2 is a cross-sectional view of the current collector 3, the polarizable electrode layer 4, and the separator 5. In FIG. 2, the pair of electrodes provided with the polarizable electrode layer 4 on both sides of the current collector 3 are a positive electrode 6a and a negative electrode 6b. In this case, the positive electrode facing layer 5a facing the positive electrode 6a of the separator 5 is the negative electrode facing layer 5b facing the negative electrode 6b.

ここで、正極対向層5aはポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィンフィルムであって、この正極対向層5a上にセルロースを抄(す)くことによって負極対向層5bが形成されている。   Here, the positive electrode facing layer 5a is a polyolefin film such as polypropylene, and the negative electrode facing layer 5b is formed by drawing cellulose on the positive electrode facing layer 5a.

このように、正極6aに対向している正極対向層5a上に、セルロースを抄くことによる負極対向層5bを形成することが本発明における技術的特徴であり、これによって、正極6a近傍において電解液中のアニオンが水と反応し、フッ素に由来する強酸性を発揮しても、正極対向層5aが抑止効果となって、セパレータ5が加水分解することを防ぐことができ、信頼性向上を図ることができるようになるとともにセパレータ5の厚みを薄くすることを可能とするものである。   Thus, it is a technical feature in the present invention to form the negative electrode facing layer 5b by making cellulose on the positive electrode facing layer 5a facing the positive electrode 6a. Even if the anion in the liquid reacts with water and exhibits strong acidity derived from fluorine, the positive electrode facing layer 5a serves as a deterrent effect and can prevent the separator 5 from being hydrolyzed, improving reliability. As a result, the thickness of the separator 5 can be reduced.

セパレータ5の厚みを薄くすることによって、電極間距離を小さくすることで、抵抗を小さくすることになり、キャパシタ内の容量を発揮しない部材の占有率を下げて、容量密度の向上という効果を奏することにもなる。   By reducing the thickness of the separator 5, the distance between the electrodes is reduced, thereby reducing the resistance, reducing the occupancy ratio of members that do not exhibit the capacitance in the capacitor, and improving the capacitance density. It will also be a thing.

ここで、ポリオレフィンフィルム上にセルロースを抄く、いわゆる抄紙方法について説明をする。   Here, a so-called paper making method for making cellulose on a polyolefin film will be described.

そもそも紙は水に溶かした紙料を簀(す)などの運搬基材の上に薄く敷きのばすなどして、運搬基材の上に紙の層を作るものである。本発明においては、この運搬基材としてポリオレフィンフィルムを用いて、紙料であるセルロースをポリオレフィンフィルム上で抄き、結果として、正極対向層5aと負極対向層5bを構成するものである。   In the first place, paper is made by spreading a thin sheet of paper stock dissolved in water on a transporting base material such as cocoons, and forming a paper layer on the transporting base material. In the present invention, a polyolefin film is used as the transporting substrate, and cellulose as a paper material is made on the polyolefin film, and as a result, the positive electrode facing layer 5a and the negative electrode facing layer 5b are configured.

このように、抄くことによってセルロースの繊維状物はポリオレフィンフィルムに複雑に絡みつき、接着剤などを用いずとも、ポリオレフィンフィルムとセルロースが一体とすることができる。その結果、接着剤などで接合する場合に比べ、両層間の物理界面の影響も抑制される。   In this way, by making paper, the fibrous fibrous material is entangled with the polyolefin film in a complicated manner, and the polyolefin film and cellulose can be integrated without using an adhesive or the like. As a result, the influence of the physical interface between the two layers is suppressed as compared with the case of bonding with an adhesive or the like.

ここで、正極対向層5aのポリオレフィンフィルムは運搬基材としての機能を有する厚みを維持するものであればよい。   Here, the polyolefin film of the positive electrode opposing layer 5a should just maintain the thickness which has a function as a conveyance base material.

また、負極対向層5bのセルロースは空隙率が高く、電解液の含浸性も高いので、内部抵抗の低いキャパシタとすることができるために有効な材料である。   In addition, since the cellulose in the negative electrode facing layer 5b has a high porosity and high electrolyte impregnation property, it is an effective material because a capacitor with low internal resistance can be obtained.

なお、本発明の実施の形態においてリード線2を用いたもので説明したが、リード線2を用いずに端面集電によって電極を引き出す形式のものであってもよい。   In the embodiment of the present invention, the lead wire 2 is used. However, the lead wire 2 may be used and the electrode may be drawn by end face current collection.

また、本発明の実施の形態において正極対向層5aはポリオレフィンフィルムとしたが、ポリフッ化ビニリデンフィルムであっても同様に薄膜化、低抵抗化、信頼性向上の効果を奏する。   Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode facing layer 5a is a polyolefin film. However, even if it is a polyvinylidene fluoride film, the effect of reducing the thickness, reducing the resistance, and improving the reliability is obtained.

さらに、本発明の実施の形態において正極6a、負極6bは活性炭などからなる電気二重層キャパシタとしたが、負極6bにカーボンやその化合物を用いたものであっても同様に信頼性向上の効果を奏するものである。   Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode 6a and the negative electrode 6b are electric double layer capacitors made of activated carbon or the like. However, even if carbon or a compound thereof is used for the negative electrode 6b, the effect of improving the reliability is similarly obtained. It is what you play.

(実施例1)
本発明の実施において、図1のような巻回型の電気二重層キャパシタを試作した。
Example 1
In practicing the present invention, a winding type electric double layer capacitor as shown in FIG. 1 was prototyped.

電極には分極性電極層4として電極活物質である活性炭88wt%, バインダー6wt%, 導電性補助剤6wt%を含む組成のものとし、集電体3としてアルミニウムエッチング箔に塗布したもので構成した。   The electrode is composed of a polarizable electrode layer 4 having a composition containing 88 wt% activated carbon as an electrode active material, 6 wt% binder, and 6 wt% conductive auxiliary agent, and a current collector 3 applied to an aluminum etching foil. .

正極対向層5aを厚み20μmのポリエチレンフィルムとし、この正極対向層5a上に負極対向層5bとしてセルロースを抄いて5μmにしたものを用いて、セパレータ5とした。   The positive electrode facing layer 5a was a polyethylene film having a thickness of 20 μm, and the separator 5 was formed by making cellulose as the negative electrode facing layer 5b on the positive electrode facing layer 5a to a thickness of 5 μm.

駆動用電解液にはプロピレンカーボネートにジメチルカーボネートを添加したものを溶媒とし、電解質にはエチルジメチルイミダゾリウム塩を1mol/l溶解したものを用いた。   As the driving electrolyte, a solution obtained by adding dimethyl carbonate to propylene carbonate was used as a solvent, and an electrolyte obtained by dissolving 1 mol / l of ethyldimethylimidazolium salt was used.

その際、電解液の含水量が100ppm以下であることを確認してから用いた。   At that time, it was used after confirming that the water content of the electrolyte was 100 ppm or less.

巻き取り済み巻回型のキャパシタ素子1が入ったアルミニウム製のケース8に駆動用電解液を真空中で含浸させたのち、大気圧に戻し封口部材7である封口ゴムを挿入し、かしめるなどして封止し、巻回型の電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。   After impregnating the aluminum case 8 containing the wound-up type capacitor element 1 with the driving electrolyte in a vacuum, the pressure is returned to atmospheric pressure, and the sealing rubber as the sealing member 7 is inserted and caulked. Then, a wound type electric double layer capacitor was manufactured.

この巻回型電気二重層キャパシタを60℃の恒温槽に入れ、2.5Vの電圧を2500時間印加した後室温で内部抵抗変化率を測定した。   This wound type electric double layer capacitor was placed in a thermostat at 60 ° C., a voltage of 2.5 V was applied for 2500 hours, and then the internal resistance change rate was measured at room temperature.

(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にして、正極対向層5aを厚み15μmのポリフッ化ビニリデンフィルムとし、この正極対向層5a上に負極対向層5bとしてセルロースを抄いて5μmにしたものを用いて、セパレータ5とした。これ以外は実施例1と同一構成とした。
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the positive electrode facing layer 5a was formed as a polyvinylidene fluoride film having a thickness of 15 μm, and the separator 5 was obtained by making cellulose as a negative electrode facing layer 5b on the positive electrode facing layer 5a to make 5 μm. . Except for this, the configuration was the same as in Example 1.

(実施例3)
実施例1と同様にして、正極対向層5aを厚み15μmのポリプロピレンフィルムとし、この正極対向層5a上に負極対向層5bとしてセルロースを抄いて5μmにしたものを用いて、セパレータ5とした。これ以外は実施例1と同一構成とした。
(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the positive electrode facing layer 5a was a polypropylene film having a thickness of 15 μm, and the negative electrode facing layer 5b on the positive electrode facing layer 5a was made of cellulose so as to have a thickness of 5 μm. Except for this, the configuration was the same as in Example 1.

(比較例1)
比較例1として、実施例1と比較するために、セパレータを正極対向層および負極対向層の区別のない、1層のポリエチレンテレフタラートフィルム20μmとした以外は実施例1と同一構成とした。
(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, in order to compare with Example 1, the separator had the same configuration as Example 1 except that the separator was a single-layer polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 20 μm without distinction between the positive electrode facing layer and the negative electrode facing layer.

(比較例2)
比較例2として、実施例2と比較するために、セパレータを正極対向層および負極対向層の区別のない、1層のポリフッ化ビニリデンフィルム15μmとした以外は実施例2と同一構成とした。
(Comparative Example 2)
As Comparative Example 2, for the purpose of comparison with Example 2, the separator had the same configuration as Example 2 except that the separator was a single-layer polyvinylidene fluoride film having a thickness of 15 μm without distinction between the positive electrode facing layer and the negative electrode facing layer.

(比較例3)
比較例3として、実施例3と比較するために、セパレータを正極対向層および負極対向層の区別のない、1層のポリプロピレンフィルム15μmとした以外は実施例3と同一構成とした。
(Comparative Example 3)
As Comparative Example 3, for the purpose of comparison with Example 3, the separator had the same configuration as Example 3 except that the separator was a single-layer polypropylene film having a thickness of 15 μm without distinction between the positive electrode facing layer and the negative electrode facing layer.

(従来例)
従来例として、セパレータをセルロースフィルム35μmとした。
(Conventional example)
As a conventional example, the separator was a cellulose film of 35 μm.

これらを65℃2.5VDC印加した状態の負荷で2500時間保持し、放電させた後に抵抗を測定し、初期の状態のものと比較した。   These were held at a load of 65 ° C. and 2.5 VDC for 2500 hours, and after discharging, the resistance was measured and compared with that in the initial state.

この結果をまとめたものが(表1)である。   The results are summarized in (Table 1).

Figure 0005003215
Figure 0005003215

(表1)によると初期状態の抵抗値から実施例1と比較例1、実施例2と比較例2、実施例3と比較例3を比べると、正極対向層に同一の材料を使用した状態で、負極対向層にセルロースフィルムを用いても、抵抗値の増加がないことがわかる。これは、負極対向層のセルロースフィルムは電解液のイオン移動を阻害するものではないことを表している。   According to (Table 1), when Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, and Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are compared from the initial resistance values, the same material is used for the positive electrode facing layer. Thus, it can be seen that the resistance value does not increase even when a cellulose film is used for the negative electrode facing layer. This indicates that the cellulose film of the negative electrode facing layer does not hinder the ion migration of the electrolytic solution.

また、負荷試験後の抵抗増加率からわかるように、本発明の実施例のものは正極対向層にセルロースフィルムがないので、従来例と比べても抵抗が増加していない。   Further, as can be seen from the rate of increase in resistance after the load test, the example of the present invention has no cellulose film in the positive electrode facing layer, so that the resistance does not increase compared to the conventional example.

これは、電解液中のプロトンがセルロース中のグルコシド結合を切断することに起因する抵抗増加が抑制されていることを表している。   This represents that the increase in resistance caused by protons in the electrolyte solution breaking the glucoside bond in cellulose is suppressed.

以上のように、本発明にかかる電気二重層キャパシタによれば、キャパシタの抵抗低減とともに信頼性向上を図ることができる。   As described above, according to the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, the resistance of the capacitor can be reduced and the reliability can be improved.

この結果、大電流や低温下における高信頼性などが要求される自動車のシステムなどに有用である。   As a result, it is useful for automobile systems that require high current and high reliability at low temperatures.

本発明の実施の形態による電気二重層キャパシタの一部切り欠き斜視図1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an electric double layer capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施の形態によるセパレータの要部拡大断面図The principal part expanded sectional view of the separator by embodiment of this invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 キャパシタ素子
2 リード線
3 集電体
4 分極性電極層
5 セパレータ
5a 正極対向層
5b 負極対向層
6a 正極
6b 負極
7 封口部材
8 ケース
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Capacitor element 2 Lead wire 3 Current collector 4 Polarization electrode layer 5 Separator 5a Positive electrode opposing layer 5b Negative electrode opposing layer 6a Positive electrode 6b Negative electrode 7 Sealing member 8 Case

Claims (1)

金属箔からなる集電体上に分極性電極を層状に形成した分極性電極層を形成した電極を正極および負極の一対とし、その間にセパレータを介在させて前記分極性電極層が対向するように巻回したキャパシタ素子を構成し、このキャパシタ素子をフッ素を含んだアニオンが電解質である駆動用電解液とともにケースに収納してなる電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、前記セパレータは前記正極に面したポリフッ化ビニリデンフィルムからなる正極対向層と前記負極に面した負極対向層とで構成され、前記負極対向層は前記正極対向層上で抄かれたセルロースの層であり、前記正極対向層より前記負極対向層の方が薄い電気二重層キャパシタ。 A polarizable electrode formed by laminating a polarizable electrode on a current collector made of metal foil is used as a pair of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the polarizable electrode layer is opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween. and a capacitor element formed by winding, in the capacitor element containing a fluorine anion electric double layer capacitor comprising housed in the case together with driving electrolyte is an electrolyte, positive Rifu' the separator facing the positive electrode the positive electrode facing layer and the is composed of a negative electrode facing layer facing the negative electrode, the negative electrode facing layer Ri layer der of cellulose carded on the positive electrode facing layer, wherein the negative electrode from the positive electrode facing layer consisting of fluoride film Electric double layer capacitor with thinner opposing layer .
JP2007059451A 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Electric double layer capacitor Expired - Fee Related JP5003215B2 (en)

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