JP4997441B2 - Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury - Google Patents

Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury

Info

Publication number
JP4997441B2
JP4997441B2 JP2006114385A JP2006114385A JP4997441B2 JP 4997441 B2 JP4997441 B2 JP 4997441B2 JP 2006114385 A JP2006114385 A JP 2006114385A JP 2006114385 A JP2006114385 A JP 2006114385A JP 4997441 B2 JP4997441 B2 JP 4997441B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gal
galnac
lectin
sugar chain
muscle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2006114385A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2007285918A (en
Inventor
治 鈴木
裕子 岩田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Japan Health Sciences Foundation
Original Assignee
Japan Health Sciences Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Japan Health Sciences Foundation filed Critical Japan Health Sciences Foundation
Priority to JP2006114385A priority Critical patent/JP4997441B2/en
Publication of JP2007285918A publication Critical patent/JP2007285918A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4997441B2 publication Critical patent/JP4997441B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Description

本発明は、筋組織の変性・壊死における細胞外マトリクスの変化を検出することによる筋傷害の簡便な検査方法および筋傷害検査用キットに関する。より詳しくは、筋変性疾患の有無や、遺伝子のタイプに関係なく生じうる筋傷害を感度よく検出しうる筋傷害の簡便な検査方法および筋傷害検査用キットに関する。   The present invention relates to a simple testing method for muscle injury and a kit for testing muscle injury by detecting changes in extracellular matrix due to degeneration / necrosis of muscle tissue. More specifically, the present invention relates to a simple muscle injury test method and a muscle injury test kit that can detect with high sensitivity any muscle injury that may occur regardless of the presence or absence of a muscle degenerative disease or the type of gene.

筋疾患として、筋ジストロフィー、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、多発性筋炎、重症筋無力症などがあり、例えば筋ジストロフィーにおいては、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィー、肢帯型筋ジストロフィー、顔面肩甲上腕型筋ジストロフィーおよび遠位型筋ジストロフィー(distal myopathy)など多くのタイプに分類される。これらの疾患は、筋組織におけるタンパク質の欠損や遺伝子の変異など種々の原因により発生しうる。   Examples of muscular diseases include muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polymyositis, myasthenia gravis, etc. For example, in muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, facial scapulohumeral muscular dystrophy And many types, such as distal myopathy. These diseases can occur due to various causes such as protein defects and gene mutations in muscle tissue.

筋疾患の検査方法として、血液生化学的検査や筋電図、CT、MRI、筋生検などが行われている。一般に、臨床診断法として「血清生化学値」が用いられ、血清内の様々な酵素活性が調べられる。
組織が傷害され、変性・壊死が生じて細胞が破壊されると、その組織細胞内にある物質が細胞外へ湧出する。これは、組織分布が比較的限定される酵素の活性を調べることにより、本来ならば血清中にはそれほど存在せず活性が低いものが、異常なレベルまで上昇している場合は、当該組織の破壊により逸脱した酵素が血清中に湧出してきたことが推察される。筋組織は、クレアチンホスフォキナーゼ(CPK)などが、血清生化学値測定の対象として用いられる。CPK測定法の問題として、心筋梗塞後および激しい運動後もCPKが高値になること、CPK値の変動が少ない筋疾患患者の見落としが挙げられる。
Blood biochemical tests, electromyograms, CT, MRI, muscle biopsy, and the like are performed as testing methods for muscle diseases. In general, “serum biochemical value” is used as a clinical diagnostic method, and various enzyme activities in serum are examined.
When tissue is damaged and degeneration / necrosis occurs and cells are destroyed, the substances in the tissue cells flow out of the cells. This is because, by examining the activity of an enzyme whose tissue distribution is relatively limited, if the level of activity that is not so much present in serum and low in activity is raised to an abnormal level, It is inferred that the enzyme that deviated due to the destruction came out in the serum. For muscular tissue, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or the like is used as a target for measuring serum biochemical values. Problems with the CPK measurement method include high CPK levels after myocardial infarction and intense exercise, and oversight of patients with muscular diseases with little variation in CPK values.

筋生検として、局所麻酔下で、上腕二頭筋、三角筋、大腿直筋、腓腹筋などから外科的に採取した筋を、組織化学用、生化学用、電子顕微鏡用に分けて凍結保存したり、固定液に入れて処理し、ヘマトキシリン・エオシン(H&E)染色、Gromoriトリクローム染色変法、NADH-TR染色等を行う方法がある。免疫組織化学的検査では筋細胞膜の筋ジストロフィンの状態をみる。これらの方法は、筋を採取してから判定までに時間を要するという問題がある。   For muscle biopsy, the muscles surgically collected from the biceps, deltoids, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, etc. under local anesthesia are frozen and stored separately for histochemistry, biochemistry, and electron microscopy. Alternatively, it may be processed in a fixing solution, followed by hematoxylin / eosin (H & E) staining, modified Gromori trichrome staining, NADH-TR staining, or the like. Immunohistochemical examination shows the state of muscular dystrophin in the sarcolemma. These methods have a problem that it takes time from the collection of the muscle to the determination.

遺伝子検査の場合は、遺伝子異常が判明している病型についてのみ確定診断が可能である。   In the case of genetic testing, a definitive diagnosis is possible only for disease types for which genetic abnormalities are known.

一方、筋疾患にまで至らない場合であっても、筋の脱力、筋の圧痛、易疲労、筋萎縮などの症状は、筋傷害による場合がある。これらの症状が、筋傷害によるか否かが簡便に判断できれば、その後になすべき対応を的確に選択することができる。   On the other hand, even if it does not lead to muscle disease, symptoms such as muscle weakness, muscle tenderness, easy fatigue, and muscle atrophy may be due to muscle injury. If it is possible to easily determine whether or not these symptoms are due to muscle injury, it is possible to select an appropriate action to be taken thereafter.

なお、シアル酸合成酵素の欠損が公知の筋疾患として、遠位型筋ジストロフィー(distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles)があるが、この疾患患者の筋肉組織に、シアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しないピーナッツレクチン(PNA)を用いて、シアル酸が欠損していることを確認したことについて、報告がある(非特許文献1)。しかしながら、本文献に開示される内容は、シアル酸合成酵素を欠損した特定の筋ジストロフィー患者について、シアル酸の合成がなかったことを確認しているのにすぎない。また、他の型の筋疾患患者については、検出できないことが記載されている(非特許文献1)。
American Journal of Pathology, vol.166, No.4, 1121-1130 (2005)
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles is a known muscular disease that is known to be deficient in sialic acid synthase. Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chains with sialic acid added to the muscle tissue of patients with this disease There is a report that sialic acid was confirmed to be deficient using peanut lectin (PNA) that does not bind to (Non-patent Document 1). However, the content disclosed in this document merely confirms that there was no synthesis of sialic acid in a specific muscular dystrophy patient lacking sialic acid synthase. Moreover, it describes that it cannot detect about the patient of another type of myopathy (nonpatent literature 1).
American Journal of Pathology, vol.166, No.4, 1121-1130 (2005)

本発明は、筋疾患に起因する筋傷害のみならず、他の原因によって生じうる筋傷害を簡便に検出可能な、筋傷害の検査方法および筋傷害検査用キットを提供することを課題とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a muscle injury testing method and a muscle injury testing kit capable of easily detecting not only muscle injury caused by muscle disease but also muscle injury caused by other causes.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、筋組織の変性・壊死による細胞外マトリクスの変化に着目し、変化した筋組織の細胞外マトリクスでは正常筋組織に比べて結合しているシアル酸含量が低下していることを確認した。そしてそのシアル酸含量の低下は、ある種のレクチンの結合度合いを調べることによって検出可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成した。   As a result of intensive research in order to solve the above problems, the present inventors focused on changes in the extracellular matrix due to degeneration / necrosis of muscle tissue, and the extracellular matrix of the changed muscle tissue compared to normal muscle tissue. It was confirmed that the content of bound sialic acid was lowered. And it discovered that the fall of the sialic acid content was detectable by investigating the binding degree of a certain kind of lectin, and completed this invention.

すなわち、本発明は以下よりなる。
1.以下の手順を含む筋傷害の検査方法:
1)被検体から筋組織を採取する;
2)採取した組織を、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチンを用いて組織中のGal-GalNAc型糖鎖と反応させて組織染色する;
3)組織染色した筋組織を観察して筋組織へのシアル酸の結合を調べる。
2.Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチンのほかに、さらにシアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチンを用いて組織染色する手順を含む、前項1に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。
3.Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチンを用いた組織染色、並びに、シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチンを用いた組織染色の染色結果を比較し、筋組織へのシアル酸の結合を調べる、前項2に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。
4.Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチンが、標識ピーナッツレクチンである前項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。
5.シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチンが、標識ACL(Amaranthus caudatus Lectin)である前項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。
6.標識レクチンが、ビオチンラベルされたレクチンであり、標識レクチンで組織中のGal-GalNAc型糖鎖と反応させたのち、アビジン結合蛍光色素を加えて組織染色し、組織染色した筋組織を観察して筋組織へのシアル酸の結合を調べる、前項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。
7.Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬とシアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬を含む、前項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法に使用する筋傷害検査用キット。
8.Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬が標識ピーナッツレクチン試薬である前項7に記載の筋傷害検査用キット。
9.シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬が、標識ACL(Amaranthus caudatus Lectin)試薬である前項7または8に記載の筋傷害検査用キット。
10.標識レクチン試薬がビオチンラベルされたレクチン試薬であり、筋傷害検査用キットの構成試薬として、さらにアビジン結合蛍光色素試薬を含む前項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害検査用キット。
That is, this invention consists of the following.
1. Testing methods for muscle injury, including the following procedures:
1) Collect muscle tissue from the subject;
2) Using the labeled lectin that binds the collected tissue specifically to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid has been added, the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar in the tissue React with chains to stain tissue;
3) Observe the stained tissue to examine the binding of sialic acid to the muscle tissue.
2. In addition to the labeled lectin that specifically binds to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added, the Gal-GalNAc type is not affected by the addition of sialic acid. 2. The method for examining muscle injury according to item 1 above, comprising a tissue staining procedure using a labeled lectin capable of binding to a sugar chain.
3. Tissue staining using a labeled lectin that specifically binds to Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chains and does not bind to Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chains to which sialic acid has been added, and is not affected by the addition of sialic acid. The method for examining muscle injury according to item 2 above, wherein the staining results of tissue staining using a labeled lectin capable of binding to a GalNAc-type sugar chain are compared to examine the binding of sialic acid to muscle tissue.
4). The labeled lectin that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain to which sialic acid has been added is a labeled peanut lectin, according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 3. Testing method for muscle injury.
5. 5. The method for examining muscle injury according to any one of items 2 to 4, wherein the labeled lectin that is capable of binding to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid is labeled ACL (Amaranthus caudatus Lectin).
6). The labeled lectin is a biotin-labeled lectin. After reacting with the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain in the tissue with the labeled lectin, avidin-conjugated fluorescent dye is added to perform tissue staining, and the tissue tissue stained is observed. 6. The method for examining muscle injury according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the binding of sialic acid to muscle tissue is examined.
7). A labeled lectin reagent that binds specifically to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to the Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid has been added. 7. A muscle injury testing kit used for the muscle injury testing method according to any one of 1 to 6 above, which comprises a labeled lectin reagent capable of binding.
8). The kit for testing for muscle injury according to item 7 above, wherein the labeled lectin reagent that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added is a labeled peanut lectin reagent. .
9. 9. The kit for muscular injury test according to 7 or 8 above, wherein the labeled lectin reagent that can bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid is a labeled ACL (Amaranthus caudatus Lectin) reagent.
10. The kit for muscle injury testing according to any one of items 7 to 9, wherein the labeled lectin reagent is a biotin-labeled lectin reagent, and further contains an avidin-binding fluorescent dye reagent as a constituent reagent of the muscle injury testing kit.

本発明の筋傷害の簡便検査方法により、筋疾患に起因する筋傷害のみならず、他の原因によって生じうる筋傷害をも簡便に検出しうる。本発明の検査方法は筋生検であるが、筋組織を採取した後は、30分程度で検査を完了することができる点で優れている。したがって、筋の脱力、筋の圧痛、易疲労、筋萎縮などの症状が、筋傷害によることが短時間で判明すれば、さらなる検査を行う場合の方向付けが可能となり、さらには無駄のない治療方法を選択することができる。本発明の筋傷害の簡便検査方法は、ヒトおよびヒト以外の哺乳動物にも適用することができる。   By the simple test method for muscle injury of the present invention, not only muscle injury caused by muscle disease but also muscle injury that may be caused by other causes can be easily detected. Although the examination method of the present invention is a muscle biopsy, it is excellent in that the examination can be completed in about 30 minutes after the muscle tissue is collected. Therefore, if symptoms such as muscle weakness, muscle tenderness, easy fatigue, and muscle atrophy are quickly determined to be due to muscle injury, it is possible to set the direction for further examinations, and there is no wasteful treatment. A method can be selected. The simple test method for muscle injury of the present invention can be applied to humans and mammals other than humans.

筋組織の変性・壊死により、細胞外マトリクスが変化し、該変化した筋組織の細胞外マトリクスでは正常筋組織に比べて結合しているシアル酸含量が低下していることを初めて確認した。本発明の筋傷害の検査方法は、筋組織の変性・壊死による細胞外マトリクスの変化をレクチンによる組織染色によって検出し、筋傷害を検査するものである。本発明において、被検体とはヒトおよびヒトを除く哺乳動物であってもよく、特に好適には、ヒトが挙げられる。   It was confirmed for the first time that the extracellular matrix changed due to degeneration / necrosis of muscle tissue, and that the sialic acid content bound to the extracellular matrix of the altered muscle tissue was lower than that of normal muscle tissue. The method for inspecting muscle injury according to the present invention detects muscle injury by detecting changes in the extracellular matrix due to degeneration / necrosis of muscle tissue by tissue staining with lectin. In the present invention, the subject may be a human or a mammal other than a human, particularly preferably a human.

本発明において、「Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しないレクチン」とは、そのような性質を有するレクチンであれば特に限定されないが、具体的にはピーナッツレクチン(Peanut agglutininn; PNA)が挙げられる。また、「シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうるレクチン」とは、そのような性質を有するレクチンであれば特に限定されないが、具体的にはACL(Amaranthus caudatus Lectin)が挙げられる。   In the present invention, “a lectin that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added” is a lectin having such properties. Although it does not specifically limit, Peanut lectin (Peanut agglutininn; PNA) is mentioned specifically ,. In addition, the “lectin capable of binding to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid” is not particularly limited as long as it is a lectin having such properties. Specifically, ACL (Amaranthus caudatus Lectin).

本発明の筋傷害の検査方法は、具体的には、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる2種のレクチンを用い、シアル酸の付加に影響を受けないレクチン(例えばACL)と、シアル酸の付加していない(除去されている)Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖と結合できるレクチン(例えばPNA)とを併用し、両者のレクチンの染色性を比較し、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖へのシアル酸付加を検出することにより行われる。正常個体にもシアル酸が付加されていない糖鎖が一定量存在するが、それよりもシアル酸付加が著しく低下している場合、すなわちPNAでより強く染色される場合は、シアル酸付加に関する異常が示唆され、つまりは筋傷害が生じていると考えられる。ACLでの染色性に差がなければ、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖の存在には差がないことがわかり、PNAの染色性の差が「シアル酸付加の有無」であることが証明される。   Specifically, the method for testing muscle injury according to the present invention uses two lectins that can bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain, a lectin that is not affected by the addition of sialic acid (for example, ACL), and sialic acid. In combination with a lectin (for example PNA) that can bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain that has not been added (removed), and compared the staining properties of both lectins, sialic acid to Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain This is done by detecting the addition. In normal individuals, there is a certain amount of sugar chains to which sialic acid has not been added, but when sialic acid addition is significantly reduced, that is, when staining with PNA is more intense, abnormalities related to sialic acid addition This suggests that muscle injury has occurred. If there is no difference in the staining property with ACL, it can be seen that there is no difference in the presence of Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain, and it is proved that the difference in the staining property of PNA is “presence / absence of sialic acid addition”.

レクチンの染色性は、標識レクチンにより確認することができる。標識レクチンとしては、レクチンのGal-GalNAc型糖鎖との結合を認識しうるようにレクチンが標識されていればよい。組織染色は、例えば蛍光染色、酵素反応染色、放射性同位元素染色等により行うことができる。取扱いの容易さや、検査時間などを考慮すると、蛍光染色により染色するのが最も好適である。蛍光レクチン染色は非常に感度が高く、しかも簡便で1時間もかからずに高感度で検出することができる。このような蛍光標識物質としては、例えばフルオレッセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)、ローダミン、テキサスレッド等が挙げられ、特に好適にはFITCが挙げられる。   The staining property of the lectin can be confirmed with a labeled lectin. As the labeled lectin, it is sufficient that the lectin is labeled so that the binding of the lectin to the Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain can be recognized. Tissue staining can be performed, for example, by fluorescent staining, enzyme reaction staining, radioisotope staining, or the like. Considering ease of handling, inspection time, etc., it is most preferable to stain by fluorescent staining. Fluorescent lectin staining is very sensitive and simple, and can be detected with high sensitivity in less than 1 hour. Examples of such fluorescent labeling substances include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine, Texas red and the like, and FITC is particularly preferable.

検出に用いる標識蛍光色素としては多種の色素が使用でき、観察に使用する蛍光顕微鏡に備わっている励起波長用フィルターや観察用フィルターに合った色素を選ぶことができる。蛍光観察には青色光(400〜500nm付近)で蛍光色素を励起して(B励起)緑色の蛍光を発する色素(FITC、Alexa Fluor-488など)や、緑色光(550〜650nm付近)で蛍光色素を励起して(G励起)赤色の蛍光を発する色素(ローダミンやテキサスレッド、Cy5など)、最近では更に赤色寄りの蛍光色素(Cy7やAlexa Fluor750等)などを使用することができる。   A variety of dyes can be used as the labeled fluorescent dye used for detection, and an excitation wavelength filter provided in a fluorescence microscope used for observation or a dye suitable for the observation filter can be selected. For fluorescence observation, the fluorescent dye is excited with blue light (around 400 to 500 nm) (excitation B) and emits green fluorescence (FITC, Alexa Fluor-488, etc.) or fluorescent with green light (around 550 to 650 nm). A dye that excites the dye (G excitation) and emits red fluorescence (rhodamine, Texas red, Cy5, etc.), and more recently a fluorescent dye closer to red (Cy7, Alexa Fluor750, etc.) can be used.

本発明の検査方法においては、レクチンに、組織を染色するための染色物質を直接標識していても良いし、直接標識していなくても良い。検出感度を上げるために、染色物質に結合しうるリガンドをレクチンに標識し、リガンドを染色物質に結合させても良い。例えばレクチンにビオチン標識したものが好適である。ビオチン標識レクチンのビオチンにアビジン結合蛍光色素を結合させて、結合した蛍光色素を検出することにより、レクチンと結合するシアル酸の存在を顕在化させることができる。具体的には、ビオチンで標識した標識レクチンで組織中のGal-GalNAc型糖鎖と反応させたのち、アビジン結合蛍光色素を加えて組織染色することもできる。   In the inspection method of the present invention, the lectin may be directly labeled with a staining substance for staining the tissue, or may not be directly labeled. In order to increase the detection sensitivity, a ligand capable of binding to the staining substance may be labeled on the lectin, and the ligand may be bound to the staining substance. For example, a lectin labeled with biotin is suitable. The presence of sialic acid that binds to the lectin can be revealed by binding an avidin-binding fluorescent dye to biotin of the biotin-labeled lectin and detecting the bound fluorescent dye. Specifically, after reacting with a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain in a tissue with a labeled lectin labeled with biotin, tissue staining can be performed by adding an avidin-binding fluorescent dye.

組織染色した筋組織を観察して筋組織へのシアル酸の結合を調べる方法は、自体公知の方法を用いることができる。例えばコウラナメクジ凝集素(LFA)、カブトガニ凝集素(LPA)、小麦胚芽凝集素(WGA)が挙げられ、特に好適にはLFAが挙げられる。   A method known per se can be used as a method for observing the tissue tissue stained to examine the binding of sialic acid to the muscle tissue. For example, Japanese black agglutinin (LFA), horseshoe crab agglutinin (LPA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and LFA is particularly preferred.

本発明において、採取する筋組織は、傷害の有無を判別する部位を含む筋組織であれば良く、特に限定されないが、例えば上腕二頭筋、三角筋、大腿直筋、腓腹筋等を採取することができる。採取の方法は、自体公知の方法に従うことができる。採取した筋組織は、通常の方法に従い固定することができる。例えば、凍結保存や固定液にいれて固定することができる。例えばホルマリン固定、パラフィン包埋、パラホルムアルデヒド固定などを行うことができる。筋採取後、簡便かつ早急に検査を行おうとする場合は、−196℃の液体窒素処理により、組織を凍結保存するのが好適である。   In the present invention, the muscle tissue to be collected is not particularly limited as long as it is a muscle tissue including a site for determining the presence or absence of injury. For example, biceps brachii muscle, deltoid muscle, rectus femoris muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, etc. are collected. Can do. The method of collection can follow a method known per se. The collected muscle tissue can be fixed according to a normal method. For example, it can be frozen and stored in a fixative solution. For example, formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, paraformaldehyde fixation and the like can be performed. When the examination is to be performed easily and immediately after the muscle is collected, it is preferable to cryopreserve the tissue by liquid nitrogen treatment at -196 ° C.

例えば凍結保存した組織から凍結切片を作成し、上述の方法に従って組織染色し、シアル酸の結合を調べることができる。上述の方法により、筋組織のシアル酸の結合を調べた結果、変性した筋組織の細胞外マトリクスにおいては、正常筋組織に比べ、結合しているシアル酸量が低下していることが確認された。   For example, a frozen section can be prepared from a cryopreserved tissue, and tissue staining can be performed according to the method described above to examine the binding of sialic acid. As a result of examining the binding of sialic acid in muscle tissue by the above-mentioned method, it was confirmed that the amount of sialic acid bound in the extracellular matrix of denatured muscle tissue was lower than that in normal muscle tissue. It was.

骨格筋細胞の細胞質には、他の臓器に比べ、高いシアル酸除去酵素(Cytosolic sialidase;細胞質シアリダーゼ)が含まれる(Biochemistry International, Vol.13, No.5, p.741 - 748 (1986))。同様な動きの酵素は、ライソゾームなどの細胞内小器官にも存在するが、ライソゾーム酵素は、反応の至適pHが酸性であるのに対し、この酵素の至適pHは中性であり、筋細胞が傷害を受けて細胞から逸脱した場合には、細胞外マトリクスや細胞表面の糖タンパク質や糖脂質の糖鎖のシアル酸をはずしてしまうことが推察される。   The cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells contains higher sialic acid removal enzyme (Cytosolic sialidase) than other organs (Biochemistry International, Vol.13, No.5, p.741-748 (1986)) . Enzymes with similar movement are also present in intracellular organelles such as lysosomes, whereas lysosomal enzymes are acidic at the optimum pH of the reaction, whereas the optimum pH of this enzyme is neutral, When cells are damaged and deviate from the cells, it is presumed that the sialic acid in the sugar chains of the extracellular matrix, cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids is removed.

また、変性・壊死に陥った筋組織では、代謝経路が傷害され、物質産生や異化に異常をきたすと考えられる。そのため、細胞内・細胞外の構成成分に変化が生じ、例えば産生されるべき物質の欠如や、分解除去されるべき物質の残存などが生じる。筋変性時のシアル酸付加の異常低下は、こうしたメカニズムにも原因となりうると思われる。   In muscle tissue that has undergone degeneration / necrosis, metabolic pathways are damaged, and it is considered that substance production and catabolism are abnormal. For this reason, changes occur in the components inside and outside the cell, for example, the lack of a substance to be produced or the remaining substance to be decomposed and removed. Abnormal reduction of sialic acid addition during muscle degeneration may also contribute to this mechanism.

様々な原因で、変性・壊死した筋組織に対して、本検査方法を用いて検査した結果、筋変性の原因によらず、また動物種(ヒトを含む)によらず筋傷害を検出することができることが確認された。本方法は、筋採取を必要とするが、血液生化学的検査における血中CPK値がわずかに上昇した場合でも筋変性の有無が確認可能な感度良い検査方法である。   As a result of examining the degenerated / necrotic muscle tissue due to various causes using this examination method, it is possible to detect muscle injury regardless of the cause of muscle degeneration or animal species (including humans). It was confirmed that This method is a highly sensitive test method that requires muscle collection but can confirm the presence or absence of muscle degeneration even when the blood CPK level in blood biochemical tests slightly increases.

本発明は、筋傷害の検査方法のほか、筋傷害検査用キットにも及ぶ。キットには、少なくともGal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬とシアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬を含む。「Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬」は、標識ピーナッツレクチン試薬とすることができる。また、「シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬」は、標識ACL試薬とすることができる。さらに、標識レクチン試薬は、ビオチンラベルされたレクチン試薬とすることができ、かかる場合はキットの構成試薬として、さらにアビジン結合蛍光色素試薬を含めることができる。キットには、上述の試薬のほか、緩衝液などの試薬やプレパラート用デバイスなどを含んでいても良い。   The present invention extends to muscle injury testing kits as well as muscle injury testing methods. The kit includes a labeled lectin reagent that specifically binds to at least a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added, and is not affected by the addition of sialic acid. A labeled lectin reagent capable of binding to a GalNAc type sugar chain is included. “A labeled lectin reagent that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added” can be a labeled peanut lectin reagent. The “labeled lectin reagent that can bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid” can be a labeled ACL reagent. Furthermore, the labeled lectin reagent can be a biotin-labeled lectin reagent, and in such a case, an avidin-binding fluorescent dye reagent can be further included as a component reagent of the kit. In addition to the above-described reagents, the kit may contain reagents such as buffer solutions and preparation devices.

以下、本発明の理解を深めるために実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、これらは本発明の範囲を限定するものではないことはいうまでもない。   Hereinafter, in order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, it goes without saying that these do not limit the scope of the present invention.

(実施例1)ハムスターによる確認
正常ハムスターおよびδサルコグリカン欠損による筋ジストロフィーモデルであるBIO14.6ハムスターの筋組織について、レクチン染色を行った。
(Example 1) Confirmation by hamster Lectin staining was performed on the muscle tissue of normal hamster and BIO14.6 hamster, which is a muscular dystrophy model with δ sarcoglycan deficiency.

1.筋組織の採取方法
動物を麻酔(エーテルまたはネンブタール)後、大腿筋を採取した。
2.筋組織切片の作製方法
採取した骨格筋をOCT compoundにいれ液体窒素を用いて凍結させた。ミクロトームを用いて4〜6μmの凍結切片を作製し、スライドグラスにのせた。ドライヤーを用いて冷風で風乾し、凍結切片を得た。
3.レクチン試薬(Vector Laboratoriesを用いた。)
4.組織染色方法
1)凍結切片を100%エタノールで5〜10分間固定した。
2)固定した切片を、PBSを用いて洗浄した。
3)ビオチン化レクチン液を最終濃度5〜20μg/mLとなるようにPBSに希釈して50μLを組織切片に載せ、保湿箱に入れて室温にて15分おいた。「レクチンなし」を「陰性対照」として用いた。
4)上記切片を、PBSを用いて洗浄した。
5)アビジン-FITC(最終濃度は20μg/mL程度)を組織切片に50μL程度載せて室温にて5分おいた。
6)上記切片を、PBSを用いて洗浄した。
7)FITCの減衰を防ぐため、退色防止剤、例えばVector LabsのVECTASHIELDを載せて、カバーグラスを載せマニキュアで封入した。
5.観察方法
落射蛍光顕微鏡にて観察した。蛍光物質フルオレッセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)は励起波長494nm蛍光518nmであり、FITC用フィルターを用いた。実際には共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いてレーザー(アルゴン)波長488nmをあて、518nmの蛍光を観察した。
1. Collection method of muscle tissue After anesthetizing the animal (ether or Nembutal), the thigh muscle was collected.
2. Preparation method of muscle tissue section The collected skeletal muscle was placed in an OCT compound and frozen using liquid nitrogen. 4-6 μm frozen sections were prepared using a microtome and placed on a slide glass. A frozen section was obtained by air drying with cold air using a dryer.
3. Lectin reagent (Vector Laboratories was used.)
4). Tissue staining method 1) Frozen sections were fixed with 100% ethanol for 5 to 10 minutes.
2) The fixed section was washed with PBS.
3) The biotinylated lectin solution was diluted in PBS to a final concentration of 5 to 20 μg / mL, 50 μL was placed on the tissue section, placed in a moisturizing box, and kept at room temperature for 15 minutes. “No lectin” was used as a “negative control”.
4) The section was washed with PBS.
5) About 50 μL of avidin-FITC (final concentration is about 20 μg / mL) was placed on a tissue section and left at room temperature for 5 minutes.
6) The section was washed with PBS.
7) To prevent FITC from decaying, an anti-fading agent such as Vector Labs' VECTASHIELD was placed and a cover glass was placed and sealed with nail polish.
5). Observation method Observation was performed with an epifluorescence microscope. The fluorescent substance fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) has an excitation wavelength of 494 nm and a fluorescence of 518 nm, and a filter for FITC was used. Actually, using a confocal laser microscope, a laser (argon) wavelength of 488 nm was applied, and fluorescence at 518 nm was observed.

観察した結果を図1に示した。正常対照に比べてBIO14.6ハムスターの筋組織はPNAに強く染まるが、ACLの染色性には差がないことが確認された。   The observation results are shown in FIG. Compared to the normal control, the muscle tissue of BIO14.6 hamster was strongly stained by PNA, but it was confirmed that there was no difference in the staining property of ACL.

(実施例2)マウスによる確認
正常マウスおよびジストロフィン欠損による筋ジストロフィーモデルであるmdxマウスの筋組織について、レクチン染色を行った。
筋の採取方法、組織染色方法および観察方法は、実施例1に従った。
(Example 2) Confirmation with mice Lectin staining was performed on muscle tissues of normal mice and mdx mice, which are muscular dystrophy models due to dystrophin deficiency.
The muscle collection method, tissue staining method, and observation method followed Example 1.

観察した結果を図2に示した。正常対照に比べてmdxマウスの筋組織はPNAに強く染まるが、ACLの染色性には差がないことが確認された。このことから筋傷害があればPNAによく染まることが確認された。なお、実際の染色は、ビオチンラベルされたレクチンを作用させた後、アビジン結合蛍光色素を結合させてレクチンの存在を顕在化させているので、「レクチンなし」群は、アビジン結合蛍光色素の非特異反応ではないことを証明するために、レクチンを用いずにアビジン結合蛍光色素のみを反応させた場合には全く光らないことを示したものである。   The observation results are shown in FIG. Compared with the normal control, the muscle tissue of mdx mice was strongly stained with PNA, but it was confirmed that there was no difference in the staining property of ACL. From this, it was confirmed that if there was muscle injury, it would stain well with PNA. In the actual staining, the biotin-labeled lectin is allowed to act, and then the avidin-binding fluorescent dye is bound to reveal the presence of the lectin. In order to prove that it is not a specific reaction, it is shown that no light is emitted when only an avidin-binding fluorescent dye is reacted without using a lectin.

(実施例3)マウスによる確認
正常マウスおよびメロシン欠損で筋ジストロフィーを呈するdy/dyマウスの筋組織について、レクチン染色を行った。
筋の採取方法、組織染色方法および観察方法は、実施例1に従った。
(Example 3) Confirmation with mice Lectin staining was performed on the muscle tissues of normal mice and dy / dy mice exhibiting muscular dystrophy with merosin deficiency.
The muscle collection method, tissue staining method, and observation method followed Example 1.

観察した結果を図3に示した。正常対照に比べてdy/dyマウスの筋組織はPNAに強く染まるが、ACLの染色性には差がないことが確認された。   The observation results are shown in FIG. Compared to the normal control, the muscle tissue of dy / dy mice was strongly stained by PNA, but it was confirmed that there was no difference in the staining property of ACL.

(実施例4)ヒト標本による確認(患者1、患者2)
筋疾患患者2例の筋組織についてPNAおよびACL染色を行った。正常対照は脳の病気患者の骨格筋を用いた。両患者とも正常対照に比べ、筋組織はPNAで強く染まるが、ACLでは差が見られなかった。
筋組織は、局所麻酔を投与して採取した。
組織染色方法および観察方法は、実施例1に従った。
(Example 4) Confirmation with human specimen (patient 1, patient 2)
PNA and ACL staining were performed on muscle tissues of 2 patients with myopathy. The normal control was skeletal muscle from a patient with brain disease. In both patients, muscle tissue was more intensely stained with PNA than in normal controls, but ACL showed no difference.
Muscle tissue was collected by administering local anesthesia.
The tissue staining method and observation method followed Example 1.

以上説明したように、本発明の筋傷害の簡便検査方法により、筋疾患に起因する筋傷害のみならず、他の原因によって生じうる筋傷害をも簡便に検出しうる。本発明の検査方法は筋生検であるが、筋組織を採取した後は、30分程度で検査を完了することができる点で優れている。したがって、筋の脱力、筋の圧痛、易疲労、筋萎縮などの症状が、筋傷害によることが短時間で判明すれば、さらなる検査を行う場合の方向付けが可能となり、さらには無駄のない治療方法を選択することができる。本発明の筋傷害の簡便検査方法は、ヒトおよびヒト以外の哺乳動物にも適用することができる。   As described above, not only muscle injury caused by muscle disease but also muscle injury caused by other causes can be easily detected by the simple method for testing muscle injury of the present invention. Although the examination method of the present invention is a muscle biopsy, it is excellent in that the examination can be completed in about 30 minutes after the muscle tissue is collected. Therefore, if symptoms such as muscle weakness, muscle tenderness, easy fatigue, and muscle atrophy are quickly determined to be due to muscle injury, it is possible to set the direction for further examinations, and there is no wasteful treatment. A method can be selected. The simple test method for muscle injury of the present invention can be applied to humans and mammals other than humans.

実施例1の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of Example 1. 実験例2の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of Experimental example 2. 実施例3の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of Example 3. 実験例4の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of Experimental example 4.

Claims (6)

以下の手順を含む筋傷害の検査方法:
1)被検体から採取した組織を以下の2種のGal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合しうる標識レクチンを用いて組織中のGal-GalNAc型糖鎖と反応させて組織染色する
a)Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン
b)シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン
2)組織染色した染色結果を比較し、筋組織へのシアル酸の結合を調べる。
Testing methods for muscle injury, including the following procedures:
1) Tissue staining is performed by reacting a tissue collected from a subject with a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain in the tissue using a labeled lectin that can specifically bind to the following two types of Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chains ;
a) A labeled lectin that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added.
b) Labeled lectin capable of binding to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid
2) Compare the staining results of tissue staining and examine the binding of sialic acid to muscle tissue.
Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチンが、標識ピーナッツレクチンである請求項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。 Specifically bind to Gal-GalNAc sugar chain, and labeled lectins which do not bind to Gal-GalNAc sugar chain having sialic acid added thereto is an inspection method of muscle injury according to claim 1 which is labeled peanut lectin . シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチンが、標識ACL(Amaranthus caudatus Lectin)である請求項1または2に記載の筋傷害の検査方法。 The method for examining muscle injury according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the labeled lectin that can be bound to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid is labeled ACL (Amaranthus caudatus Lectin). Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬と、シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬とを含む、請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の筋傷害の検査方法に使用する筋傷害検査用キット。 Gal-GalNAc sugar chain binds specifically to, and the labeled lectin reagent does not bind to the Gal-GalNAc sugar chain having sialic acid added thereto, without being affected by the addition of sialic acid, Gal-GalNAc sugar chain The kit for a muscular injury test | inspection used for the test | inspection method of the muscular injury of any one of Claims 1-3 containing the label | marker lectin reagent which can be couple | bonded with. Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に特異的に結合し、かつシアル酸が付加されたGal-GalNAc型糖鎖には結合しない標識レクチン試薬が標識ピーナッツレクチン試薬である請求項に記載の筋傷害検査用キット。 5. The myocardial injury test according to claim 4 , wherein the labeled lectin reagent that specifically binds to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain and does not bind to a Gal-GalNAc type sugar chain to which sialic acid is added is a labeled peanut lectin reagent. kit. シアル酸の付加に影響されず、Gal-GalNAc型糖鎖に結合しうる標識レクチン試薬が、標識ACL(Amaranthus caudatus Lectin)試薬である請求項4または5に記載の筋傷害検査用キット。 The myocardial injury test kit according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the labeled lectin reagent that can bind to a Gal-GalNAc-type sugar chain without being affected by the addition of sialic acid is a labeled ACL (Amaranthus caudatus Lectin) reagent.
JP2006114385A 2006-04-18 2006-04-18 Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury Active JP4997441B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006114385A JP4997441B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2006-04-18 Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006114385A JP4997441B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2006-04-18 Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2007285918A JP2007285918A (en) 2007-11-01
JP4997441B2 true JP4997441B2 (en) 2012-08-08

Family

ID=38757824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2006114385A Active JP4997441B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2006-04-18 Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4997441B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10551378B2 (en) 2011-09-09 2020-02-04 Konica Minolta, Inc. Tissue staining method
JP6329501B2 (en) * 2015-03-11 2018-05-23 アース環境サービス株式会社 Insect contamination time determination method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5187063A (en) * 1990-05-23 1993-02-16 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Measuring non-dystrophin proteins and diagnosing muscular dystrophy
JPH04130274A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-05-01 Kyoto Ikagaku Kenkyusho:Kk Method for analyzing and detecting sugar protein
JP4854506B2 (en) * 2003-04-01 2012-01-18 ユニバーシティ オブ サザン カリフォルニア Caries risk test to predict and assess disease risk

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007285918A (en) 2007-11-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Liu et al. Precision navigation of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury guided by lysosomal viscosity-activatable NIR-II fluorescence
Marquis et al. Analytical methods to assess nanoparticle toxicity
EP3081937B1 (en) Engineered microbe-targeting molecules and uses thereof
Falcone et al. Extracellular Cu2+ pools and their detection: From current knowledge to next-generation probes
US10041952B2 (en) Composition for detecting proteins containing tyrosine oxide-coupled biomaterial
CN105358978A (en) Method for detecting indicators for determining diseases
Santelli et al. Multimodal gadolinium oxysulfide nanoparticles: a versatile contrast agent for mesenchymal stem cell labeling
Deshwal et al. Measurement of mitochondrial ROS formation
US20100099195A1 (en) Zinc-Based Screening Test and Kit for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Duan et al. Role of near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye IR-783 in diagnosis of cervical cancer and its mechanism
JP4997441B2 (en) Simple testing method for muscle injury and kit for testing muscle injury
Liu et al. A multifunctional near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vitro and in vivo imaging of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and photodynamic cancer therapy
Sun et al. The effects of different fluorescent indicators in observing the changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential during oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial injury of cardiac H9c2 cells
JP4105768B2 (en) Protein extraction method
TWI770823B (en) Ultra-vital staining solution for urine sediment examination, method for examining urine sediment, method for inhibiting staining of inclusions in urine sediment examination, and method for improving the detection power of rare components in urine sediment examination
CN109668863B (en) Copper ion detection method based on graphene and click chemistry, kit and application thereof
Cappellozza et al. A spectrofluorometric analysis to evaluate transcutaneous biodistribution of fluorescent nanoparticulate gel formulations
Park et al. Label-free optical redox ratio from urinary extracellular vesicles as a screening biomarker for bladder cancer
Watt et al. Nuclear microscopy: biomedical applications
DE102011054396B4 (en) Use of broadband absorbing and emitting NIR fluorophores with large Stokes shift as dyes in core-shell nanoparticles for biomarker analysis and as components of FRET systems and method based thereon
CN115032400A (en) Use of alpha-synuclein in auxiliary diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
JP6017724B1 (en) Method for evaluating the suitability of duodenal juice samples as pancreatic juice-derived components detection samples
US9846167B2 (en) Method for detecting and monitoring bone loss
EP3548890B1 (en) Means and methods for visualization of tissue structures
Lu et al. Assessing Early Atherosclerosis by Detecting and Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid and Phosphorylation Using Fluorescence Nanoprobe

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20090407

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20111213

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20120208

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20120301

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20120328

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150