JP4989462B2 - 適応膜構造 - Google Patents
適応膜構造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4989462B2 JP4989462B2 JP2007510990A JP2007510990A JP4989462B2 JP 4989462 B2 JP4989462 B2 JP 4989462B2 JP 2007510990 A JP2007510990 A JP 2007510990A JP 2007510990 A JP2007510990 A JP 2007510990A JP 4989462 B2 JP4989462 B2 JP 4989462B2
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- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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Landscapes
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
(a)化学製造プラント、科学もしくは医学実験室、または病院において誤って放出されるか、
(b)敵の軍隊を攻撃するために、政府によって、戦時中意図的に放出されるか、
(c)大混乱、恐怖、および広範囲に及ぶ破壊を生じさせる目的で、犯罪者またはテロリスト組織によって、平時中放出されることがある。
ニュークリポア(Nuclepore)(登録商標)ブランドポリエステル膜およびポリカーボネート膜(ニュージャージー州クリフトンのワットマン・インコーポレイテッド(Whatman Inc., Clifton, NJ))を作るために用いられるトラックエッチプロセス、
ポリスルホン膜、芳香族ポリアミド膜、およびポリフッ化ビニリデン膜を作るための転相プロセス、
微孔性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン膜およびポリエチレン膜を作るための延伸プロセス、
重合反応の間存在する非反応種(「ポロゲン」)が、その後、ポリマー生成物から抽出される相分離プロセス、ならびに
不織シート構造を作るためのスパンボンド/メルトブローンプロセスが挙げられる。
この実施例は、本発明の適応膜構造の性能をテストし実証するための装置および方法を説明する。構造の透過性の多数の状態は、未作動状態での酸素透過性と作動状態での酸素透過性との比を測定することによって実証する。
厚さが196ゲージ(0.00196インチ)である、帝人デュポンフィルム(DuPont Teijin Films)によってメリネックス(Melinex)(登録商標)という商品名で販売される、ポリエステルフィルムとここで呼ばれるポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを、1つの面上で、化学蒸着プロセスを用いてアルミニウムの薄い層でコーティングする。アルミニウムコーティングポリエステルフィルムの長さ2.5インチ×幅2インチのピースの電気抵抗を、二点プローブ装置を使用して測定する。フィルムの抵抗は約4オームである。アルミニウムコーティングを含むフィルムの表面は導電性表面と呼ばれ、アルミニウムコーティングを有さない他方の表面は非導電性表面と呼ばれる。このポリエステルフィルムの2つの円形(直径4インチ)ピースを、ポリマーフィルムおよびその導電性コーティングを通して穴をパンチングすることによって、本発明に従う1対の膜に加工する。穴の直径は0.04インチである。U.S.アマダ・リミテッド(U.S. Amada Ltd.)(カリフォルニア州ビューナパーク(Buena Park, California))によって製造されたビプロス(VIPROS)345タレットパンチング機を使用して、穴をパンチングする。パンチングの方向は、ポリエステルフィルムの非導電性表面から導電性表面の方である。したがって、パンチングプロセスによって引起されたいかなる***表面特徴も、大部分はポリエステルフィルムの導電性表面上にある。
実施例2の膜のために使用された導電性コーティングを有する同じポリエステルフィルムから、1対の膜を準備する。この実施例の膜対の穴のサイズ、穴パターン、および穴間隔は、実施例2の膜対のものと同じである。この実施例の膜対と実施例2の膜対との間の唯一の差は、この実施例の膜対の穴を、193nmの波長で動作するラムダ・フィジック(Lambda Physik)(ドイツ、ゲッティンゲン(Goettingen, Germany))エキシマーレーザモデルLPX 220Iを使用するレーザドリリングによって作ることである。
実施例2で使用された導電性コーティングを有する同じポリエステルフィルムの2つの矩形ピース(6インチ×5インチ)を、アルドリッチ・ケミカル・カンパニー・インコーポレイテッド(Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.)(ウィスコンシン州ミルウォーキー(Milwaukee, Wisconsin))から得られたデュポン・オキソン(DuPont Oxone)(登録商標)一過硫酸塩(monopersulfate)化合物の5重量%水溶液中で1時間洗浄する。この洗浄プロセスは、フィルムの表面から導電性コーティングを完全に除去する。次に、実施例3で説明されたエキシマーレーザ装置を使用して、コーティングされていないポリエステルフィルムに穴をドリリングする。穴の直径、穴のパターン、および穴間の間隔は、実施例2および実施例3の膜対で作られたのと同じである。
実施例2で説明された導電性コーティングを有するポリエステルフィルムの2つの矩形ピース(6インチ×5インチ)を、ビプロス・パンチング機上でパンチングして、各々が直径0.04インチの穴のアレイを有する1対の膜を形成する。穴をポリエステルフィルムの非導電性面からパンチングする。1つの膜が合計24の穴を有し、第2の膜が21の穴を有する。両方の膜の穴パターンは、規則的な正方形ピッチパターンであり、任意の2つの最も近い隣り合う穴の間の中心から中心までの距離は0.222インチである。各膜の穴パターンは、円形フィルムの中心領域内の1インチ×1インチの正方形領域をカバーした。実施例2のように、1つの膜の穴パターンは、他の膜の穴パターンから、隣り合う穴の間の中心から中心までの距離の半分である距離だけずれている。このずれは、x軸方向およびy軸方向の両方に作られ、x軸およびy軸は、互いに直交し、膜の平面内に含まれる。したがって、2つの膜を互いの上に精密に置くとき、一方の膜の穴はすべて、他方の膜の穴すべてと位置合せされていない。
カプトン(Kapton)(登録商標)という商品名でデュポン(DuPont)(デラウェア州ウィルミントン(Wilmington DE))によって販売される厚さ1ミルのポリイミドフィルムの2つの矩形ピース(6インチ×5インチ)を、ダウ・コーニング(Dow Corning)(ミシガン州ミッドランド(Midland, Michigan))によって販売されるシルガード(Sylgard)(登録商標)184、二液性シリコーンエラストマー配合物でコーティングする。エラストマー配合物を、ポリジメチルシロキサン(PDMS)ポリマー97部を3部の架橋剤と混合することによって製造する。結果として生じる粘性液体を、ポール・エヌ・ガードナー・カンパニー・インコーポレイテッド(Paul N. Gardner Company, Inc.)(フロリダ州ポンパノビーチ(Pompano Beach, Florida))によって販売される#2.5ドローダウン・ロッド(Drawdown Rod)を使用して、ポリイミドフィルム上にコーティングする。濡れたエラストマーコーティングを、1時間フロースルー(flow−through)対流オーブン内で100℃で硬化させる。硬化されたエラストマー層は、ポリイミドフィルムを1つの面上で粘着性にし、したがって、それらが他の滑らかな表面に接着することを可能にした。ポリイミドフィルムの各々の中心領域に、直径2インチの円形穴をパンチングする。次に、これらのフィルムを、以下で説明されるようにポリエステルフィルムをコーティングするためのステンシルとして役立つように取っておく。
厚さ0.003インチのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)フィルムのロールを、ウェストレイク・プラスチックス・カンパニー(Westlake Plastics Company)(ペンシルバニア州レニ(Lenni, Pennsylvania))から得る。このPVDFフィルムの一方の表面は非常に滑らかであり、他方の表面は粗い。2つの矩形ピース(6インチ×5インチ)をPVDFフィルムロールから切断し、メタノール中で洗浄する。次に、フィルムを、加熱された対流オーブン内に120℃で1時間配置することによって熱処理する。次に、フィルムの粗い面を、化学蒸着プロセスを用いてアルミニウム層を堆積させることによって導電性にする。アルミニウム層の厚さは、PVDFフィルム表面の固有粗さのため、正確に測定することができない。しかし、十分なアルミニウムを堆積させ、結果として生じるフィルムは光学的に不透明になり、それらは、マルチメータの電極をアルミニウムコーティングPVDFフィルムの金属表面の端縁で4インチ離れて配置すると、数オームの電気抵抗を与えた。
この実施例は、別々の導電性特徴を可撓性ポリマーフィルム上に印刷するためのリソグラフィ方法を説明する。可撓性ポリマーフィルム上に印刷されるべきである電気回路またはアートワークを、最初に、ネガティブフォトマスクに転写する。デュポン(デラウェア州ウィルミントン)によってパイララックス(Pyralux)(登録商標)TMという商品名で販売される、フィルムの1つの面上に薄い導電性銅コーティングを有する厚さ0.002インチのポリイミドフィルムを、上に導電性回路が印刷されるべきである基材として使用する。
この実施例は、電極が、実施例8で説明されたリソグラフィプロセスを用いてフィルム表面上に印刷された別々であるが相互接続された導電線のネットワークから形成された適応膜構造を実証する。
Claims (9)
- 第1および第2の膜と、作動刺激に対する応答により第1の膜を移動させて第2の膜と接触させ、それによって気体、蒸気、液体、または微粒子の1つまたはそれ以上に対する適応膜構造の透過性を減少させるようにその作動刺激に対する応答を生じる手段とを含んでなる適応膜構造であって、作動刺激の付与前に、間隙が第1の膜と第2の膜の間に存在し、ここで
(a)各膜が穴のアレイを有し、そして第1の膜の穴が第2の膜の穴と重ならないか、または部分的に重なっていて、そして
(b)作動刺激が、
(i)静電力であり、そして応答するための手段が、適応膜構造の中に、適応膜構造の上に、または適応膜構造に隣接して組入れられる導電性材料であるか、または
(ii)磁気力であり、そして応答するための手段が、作動刺激の力の付与が少なくとも1つの膜を移動させることを可能にするために、物理的に十分近接して、適応膜構造の中に、適応膜構造の上に、または適応膜構造に隣接して組入れられる磁性材料である、
適応膜構造。 - 構造が、穴のアレイを有する第3の膜と、第3の膜を移動させて、第3の膜の穴が第2の膜の穴と重ならないか、または部分的に重なる位置で、第2の膜と接触させる、作動刺激に対する応答を生じる手段とをさらに含んでなり、作動刺激の付与前に、間隙が第2の膜と第3の膜の間に存在し、そしてここで作動刺激が、
(i)静電力であり、そして応答するための手段が、適応膜構造の中に、適応膜構造の上に、または適応膜構造に隣接して組入れられる導電性材料であるか、または
(ii)磁気力であり、そして応答するための手段が、作動刺激の力の付与が第3の膜を移動させることを可能にするために、物理的に十分近接して、適応膜構造の中に、適応膜構造の上に、または適応膜構造に隣接して組入れられる磁性材料である、
請求項1に記載の構造。 - 前記第1および第2の膜の一方または両方が、その表面上に導電性コーティングを有し、前記導電性コーティングが、第1または第2の膜の表面を部分的に被覆するパターンで付与される請求項1に記載の構造。
- 少なくとも1つの膜が、少なくとも1つのポリマーを含んでなる請求項1に記載の構造。
- 少なくとも1つの膜が、活性炭、高表面シリカ、モレキュラーシーブ、キセロゲル、イオン交換材料、粉末状金属酸化物、粉末状金属水酸化物、または抗菌剤の少なくとも1つを含んでなる請求項1に記載の構造。
- 請求項1に記載の適応膜構造を含んでなる製品。
- アパレル、エンクロージャ、センサデバイス、または気体、蒸気、液体もしくは微粒子の1つもしくはそれ以上の流れを制御するためのバルブのうちの1品目である請求項6に記載の製品。
- 保護スーツ、保護カバリング、帽子、フード、マスク、ガウン、コート、ジャケット、シャツ、ズボン、パンツ、手袋、ブーツ、靴、靴下、雨具、医療用衣類および外科用衣類、テント、ターポリン、セーフルーム、クリーンルーム、温室、住居、オフィス建物、貯蔵コンテナ、または制御放出デバイスである請求項7に記載の製品。
- 前記導電性コーティングのパターンが、誘電体材料の1つもしくはそれ以上の層でコーティングされる請求項3に記載の構造。
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- 2005-04-29 US US11/118,961 patent/US7597855B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-29 EP EP05856668A patent/EP1748707A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-29 WO PCT/US2005/014682 patent/WO2006078280A2/en active Application Filing
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2009
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JP2008502810A (ja) | 2008-01-31 |
US20050249917A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
US20060280906A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
US7625624B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 |
US7955684B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
WO2006078280A3 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
US20100151190A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
WO2006078280A2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
US7597855B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
EP1748707A2 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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