JP4931302B2 - Piezoelectric element - Google Patents

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JP4931302B2
JP4931302B2 JP2001259311A JP2001259311A JP4931302B2 JP 4931302 B2 JP4931302 B2 JP 4931302B2 JP 2001259311 A JP2001259311 A JP 2001259311A JP 2001259311 A JP2001259311 A JP 2001259311A JP 4931302 B2 JP4931302 B2 JP 4931302B2
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substrate
piezoelectric
adhesive
piezoelectric element
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JP2003069102A (en
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泰治 立山
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アクチュエータ、ダイヤフラム、ブザー等の圧電素子に使用される、厚みの厚い圧電セラミック板と厚みの薄い他の基板とを接着層を介して貼り合わせた圧電素子用部材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、アクチュエータ、ダイヤフラム、ブザーなどには、上面に電極層を備えた圧電セラミック板と、この圧電セラミック板を補強あるいは固定するための補助板とを導電性を有する熱硬化性接着剤からなる接着層を介して貼り合わせた圧電素子が用いられている。
【0003】
特に、アクチュエータに関しては、近年、精密加工分野や光学分野において、サブミクロンオーダーでの位置制御が求められており、この位置制御に圧電セラミックスに電界を加えたときに起こる逆圧電効果や電歪効果に基づく変位を利用したものが多く使用されている。
【0004】
このような圧電素子を製造するには、例えばアルミナ、ジルコニア、フォルステライト等を主成分とする絶縁性セラミックスや樹脂あるいは金属からなる補助板の接着面に、スキージ法、スクリーン印刷法、オフセット印刷法等の方法にて導電性を有する熱硬化性接着剤のペーストを塗布した後、予め厚み方向に分極処理を施した圧電セラミック板を重ね、加圧しながら接着剤を加熱硬化させ、しかる後、圧電セラミック板の接着面と反対側の表面に電極層を形成するようになっていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、前述した圧電素子を形成する圧電セラミック板と補助板とを貼り付けるにあたり、圧電セラミック板と補助板の各接着面にはラップ式研磨加工や平面研削加工を施して平坦に仕上げた後、例えば、補助板の接着面に導電性を有する熱硬化性接着剤のペーストを塗布し、次いで圧電セラミック板を重ねた後、加圧しながら接着剤を加熱硬化させるのであるが、圧電セラミック板の厚みが補助板より厚い場合、接着剤が収縮することで、圧電セラミック板の外周部が接着層側に反り、その結果、圧電素子全体に反りが発生するという課題があった。しかも、圧電セラミック板に接着面から接着面と反対側の表面に向かう分極処理が施されていると、圧電素子の反りがさらに大きくなるといった課題もあった。
【0006】
また、圧電セラミックスからなる基板に分極処理を施すとうねりを生じることがあり、このようなうねりを有する基板を補助板に貼り合わせると、圧電セラミックスからなる基板はうねりを持ったまま貼り合わされることになり、接着層の厚みを均一にすることができないといった課題があった。
【0007】
その為、このような反りやうねりがある圧電素子をアクチュエータ等に使用すると、所望の変位が得られなかったり、変位のばらつきが大きいといった課題があった。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明は上記課題に鑑み、厚みの異なる二枚の基板を接着層を介して貼り合わせてなり、上記二枚の基板のうち厚みの厚い基板を圧電セラミックスにより形成した圧電素子用部材に関し、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板の少なくとも接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1μm以下とするとともに、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板には、上記接着面と反対側の表面から接着面に向けて分極処理を施すようにしたことを特徴とする。
【0009】
なお、本発明において、「接着面と反対側の表面から接着面に向けて分極処理を施す」とは、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の接着面と反対側の表面側に正の電圧を、接着面側に負の電圧をそれぞれ印加して分極処理を行うことを言う。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
【0011】
図1は、本発明の圧電素子用部材の一例を示す一部を破断した斜視図である。
【0012】
この圧電素子用部材1は、厚みの厚い圧電セラミックスからなる基板2と、基板2よりも厚みの薄い他の基板3とを熱硬化性接着剤からなる接着層4を介して貼り合わせるとともに、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板2には、接着面2aと反対側の表面2bから接着面2aに向けて分極処理を施した(接着面2aと反対側の表面2bに正の電圧を、接着面2aに負の電圧を印加して分極処理を施す)もので、例えば、この圧電素子用部材1をアクチュエータとして利用する場合、他の基板3に、アルミナ、ジルコニア、フォルステライト等を主成分とする絶縁性セラミックスや単結晶アルミナ、あるいは金属や樹脂を用いるとともに、接着層4に導電性を有する熱硬化性接着剤を用い、かつ基板2の接着面2aと反対側の表面2bに、銀、ニッケル等の金属あるいはこれらの合金を、蒸着法やメッキ法にて被着して電極層(不図示)を形成すれば良く、接着層4と電極層(不図示)との間に電圧を印加すれば、圧電素子用部材1を屈曲変位させることができるため、アクチュエータとして機能させることができる。
【0013】
また、このような圧電素子用部材1を製造するには、焼結された圧電セラミックスからなる基板2を用意し、遊離砥粒として粒径が5〜10μmの炭化珪素粒子を用いた両面ラップ盤によるラップ式研磨加工を施すか、あるいは粒径が5〜10μmのダイヤモンド砥粒を固着したダイヤモンドホイールを用いた平面研削盤による平面研削加工を施して所定の厚みを持ち、少なくとも接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1.0μm以下にした圧電セラミックスからなる基板2を製作する。
【0014】
また、他の基板3も基板2と同様の加工を行い、基板2より薄くしたものを製作する。
【0015】
次に、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の接着面2a及び接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにそれぞれ銀等の電極層(不図示)を形成し、シリコンオイル中にて、接着面2aと反対側の表面2bに形成した電極層に正の電圧を、接着面2aに形成した電極層に負の電圧をそれぞれ印加して両電極層間に例えば1.0〜3.0kV/mmの電界を与えることにより分極処理を施した後、両電極層を除去する。そして、他の基板3の接着面3aにペースト状の熱硬化性接着剤を塗布し、次いで圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の接着面2aを基板3の接着面3aと対向させて重ねた後、加圧しながら接着剤を加熱硬化させることにより得ることができる。
【0016】
そして、本発明の圧電素子用部材1によれば、前述したように、厚みの厚い圧電セラミックスからなる基板2に、接着面2aと反対側の表面2bから接着面2aに向かう分極処理を施してあることを特徴とする。
【0017】
即ち、分極処理をしていない厚みの厚い圧電セラミックスからなる基板2と厚みの薄い他の基板3の接着面2a,3a間に塗布した熱硬化性接着剤を加圧しながら加熱硬化させると、接着剤の収縮により特に圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の接着面2a側には収縮応力が、基板2の接着面2aと反対側の表面2bには引っ張りの応力が作用し、図3に示すように圧電素子用部材1の外周部が反ることになる。
【0018】
一方、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2には圧電効果を発揮させるため、分極処理を施すのであるが、分極前は平坦な板であっても、分極後は図4に示すように、分極方向(電圧のプラス極側からマイナス極側)と反対方向に基板2の外周部が反る傾向がある。
【0019】
そこで、本件発明者は、この両者の現象に着目し、圧電素子用部材1における圧電セラミックスからなる基板2に、接着面2aと反対側の表面2b(プラス極側)から接着面2a(マイナス極側)に向けて分極処理を施すことで、接着剤の収縮に伴い反りを発生させようとする力を、分極処理により基板2を変形させようとする力で相殺させ、図2に示すように、反りが少ない圧電素子用部材1が得られることを見出した。
【0020】
また、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2への分極処理にあたっては、電界の強度を大きくすることで分極の度合いが大きくなり、反り具合も大きくなる。その為、分極処理時に加える電界強度を、圧電セラミックスの圧電特性を損なわない範囲で制御することにより、圧電素子用部材1の反りをさらに低減することが可能となる。
【0021】
ただし、圧電素子用部材1における圧電セラミックスの圧電効果を十分に発揮させるためには、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2に施す分極方向を設定するだけでなく、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の少なくとも接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1μm以下とすることが重要である。
【0022】
即ち、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の少なくとも接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さが粗いと、分極処理により発生する引っ張り応力が表面全体にわたって均一に発生せず、うねりを伴った反りが発生するからで、本件発明者の実験によれば、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さが算術平均粗さ(Ra)で1.0μmを超えると、うねりを伴った反りを十分に解消することができず、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の少なくとも接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で1.0μm以下とすることで、接着面2aと反対側の表面2b全体に引っ張り応力を一様に発生させ、うねりの度合いを十分に低減することができるため、他の基板3に貼り合わせれば、接着層4の厚みを均一にすることができ、反りの少ない圧電素子用部材1が得られることを見出し、本発明に至った。
【0023】
好ましくは圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の少なくとも接着面2aと反対側の表面2bにおける表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上0.5μm以下とすることが良く、このようにすることで圧電素子用部材1の反りをより一層低減することができる。
【0024】
なお、基板3の表面粗さについては特に限定するものではないが、圧電素子用部材1の安定した変位が得られるようにするため、算術平均粗さ(Ra)で5μm以下とすれば良い。
【0025】
ところで、このような圧電素子用部材1の基板2を形成する圧電セラミックスとしては、特に限定するものではないが、アクチュエータ、ダイヤフラム、ブザー等の振動源として一般的に用いられている、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT系)、チタン酸鉛(PT系)、あるいはこれらを主成分とし、圧電定数等を高めるためにMg、Nb、Ni、Zn、Sb、TeやSr、Ba等を少なくとも一種以上置換した圧電セラミックスを用いることができる。
【0026】
また、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2に貼り合わせる他の基板3としては、目的や用途にあわせて、金属、樹脂、セラミックス、単結晶アルミナ等の材料の中から適宜選択して用いれば良く、例えば、金属としては、スズ、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、チタン、鉄、モリブデン、あるいはこれらを含有した合金、さらにはステンレス等を用いることができ、また、セラミックスとしては、アルミナ、ジルコニア、フォルステライト、窒化珪素等を主成分とする絶縁性セラミックスを用いることができる。なお、圧電素子用部材1を例えばブザー等に利用する場合、基板3のヤング率が高すぎると効率良く振動しない可能性があるため、このような場合、基板3をヤング率が200GPa以下のジルコニア等のセラミックスや金属で形成することにより、圧電セラミックスからなる基板2の振動が基板3によって減衰されず、効率良く振動させることができ好ましい。また、高い接着強度が要求されるような場合には、基板2を形成する圧電セラミックスとの熱膨張差ができるだけ近似した材料を基板3に用いることが好ましい。
【0027】
また、基板2及び基板3の寸法は用途により様々であるが、例えば角板の場合、10mm〜250mm×20mm〜300mm×厚さ0.1mm〜3mmの寸法の基板を用いれば良い。
【0028】
さらに、接着層4を形成する熱硬化性接着剤としては、エポキシ系接着剤、ポリイミド系接着剤、フェノール系接着剤等の一般的な熱硬化性接着剤を用いることができ、中でも高い接着強度が得られるエポキシ系接着剤が好適である。また、接着層4に導電性を持たせる場合には、上記熱硬化性接着剤中に導電性を有する導電性付与剤を添加したものを用いれば良い。
【0029】
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、図1に示す圧電素子用部材1に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲であれば、改良や変更したものにも適用できることはいう迄もない。
【0030】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
ここで、圧電セラミックスからなる厚みの厚い基板と、圧電セラミック製の基板より厚みの薄い他の基板とを熱硬化性接着剤からなる接着層を介して貼り合わせた圧電素子用部材において、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の分極方向と、接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを異ならせた時の反りの大きさやうねりの有無ついて調べる実験を行った。
【0031】
具体的には、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT)を主成分とする圧電セラミックスからなり、その板厚が1.5mmの基板を用意し、この基板の上下面に銀の電極層をそれぞれ被着して電極層間に通電し、基板厚み方向に2.0kV/mmの電界を与えて分極処理を施した後、上下の電極層を取り除き、粒径5μmの炭化珪素砥粒を用いてラップ加工を行うことにより、外形寸法が50mm×50mmで、接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm〜3.0μmの範囲で異ならせた板厚が0.7mmの基板をそれぞれ製作し、得られた圧電セラミックスからなる基板の反りの大きさとうねりの有無を測定した。
【0032】
次に、ジルコニアセラミックス及びモリブデンからなり、外形寸法が50mm×50mm、板厚が0.2mmである他の基板の接着面にエポキシ系接着剤(商品名;EPOTEK353−ND)を転写法にて塗布した後、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板の接着面を貼り合わせ、真空チャンバー内にて、8KPaの減圧下で、加圧しながら100〜150℃の温度で熱処理することにより、エポキシ系接着剤を硬化させ、試料となる圧電素子用部材を製作した。なお、他の基板の表面粗さは算術平均粗さ(Ra)で1.0μmとなるようにした。
【0033】
そして、得られた各圧電素子用部材の反りの大きさを測定した。
【0034】
圧電セラミックスからなる基板及び圧電素子用部材の反りの大きさは、表面粗さ測定機を用い、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の表面対角線上の測定長さ50mmにおける表面粗さ曲線から測定し、表面粗さ曲線の最上部(測定開始点又は終了点)と最下部(測定中央部または基板の中央部付近)の高さの差として求め、また、圧電セラミックスからなる基板のうねりについては表面曲線の形状を見て目視によるうねりの有無を測定した。
【0035】
それぞれの結果は表1に示す通りである。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 0004931302
【0037】
この結果、表1より判るように、試料No.1〜7のように、圧電セラミックスからなる基板に、接着面と反対側の表面(正の電圧)から接着面(負の電圧)に向けて分極処理を施せば、試料No.8,9のように、圧電セラミックスからなる基板に、接着面(正の電圧)から接着面と反対側の表面(負の電圧)に向けて分極処理を施したものと比較して圧電素子用部材1の反りを大幅に低減できることが判る。
【0038】
ただし、試料No.5〜7のように、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さが算術平均粗さ(Ra)で1.0μmを超えると、圧電セラミックスからなる基板にうねりを伴った反りが発生し、その結果、この圧電セラミックスからなる基板を貼り合わせた圧電素子用部材もまた反りが大きくなっていた。
【0039】
これに対し、試料No.1〜4のように、圧電セラミックスからなる基板に、接着面と反対側の表面(正の電圧)から接着面(負の電圧)に向けて分極処理を施すとともに、接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1.0μm以下とすれば、圧電セラミックスからなる基板にうねりを生じることがなく、その結果、この圧電セラミックスからなる基板を貼り合わせた圧電素子用部材の反りを極めて小さくすることができ、優れていた。
【0040】
この結果、厚みの厚い圧電セラミックスからなる基板に厚みの薄い他の基板を貼り合わせて圧電素子用部材を製作する場合、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の接着面と反対の表面(正の電圧)から接着面(負の電圧)に向けて分極処理を施すとともに、圧電セラミックスからなる基板の接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1.0μm以下とすれば、反りの少ない圧電素子用部材を得ることができ、この圧電素子用部材をアクチュエータに用いれば、所望の変位を安定して発生させることができる。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、厚みの異なる二枚の基板を接着層を介して貼り合わせてなり、上記二枚の基板のうち厚みの厚い基板を圧電セラミックスにより形成した圧電素子用部材であって、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板の少なくとも接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1μm以下とするとともに、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板には、上記接着面と反対側の表面から接着面に向けて分極処理を施すようにしたことから、反りやうねりが殆どなく、接着層の厚みがほぼ均一な圧電素子用部材を提供することができ、この圧電素子用部材をアクチュエータに用いれば、所望の変位が安定して得られる信頼性の高いアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の圧電素子用部材の一例を示す一部を破断した斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の圧電素子用部材を示す断面図である。
【図3】分極処理していない厚みの厚い圧電セラミックスからなる基板と厚みの薄い他の基板とを貼り合わせた時の状態を示す断面図である。
【図4】分極処理した圧電セラミックスからなる基板の反り状態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:圧電素子用部材 2:圧電セラミックスからなる基板 2a:接着面
2b:接着面と反対側の表面 3:他の基板 3a:接着面 4:接着層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric element member used for piezoelectric elements such as actuators, diaphragms, and buzzers, in which a thick piezoelectric ceramic plate and another thin substrate are bonded together via an adhesive layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a piezoelectric ceramic plate having an electrode layer on its upper surface and an auxiliary plate for reinforcing or fixing the piezoelectric ceramic plate are bonded to an actuator, a diaphragm, a buzzer, etc. made of a thermosetting adhesive having conductivity. Piezoelectric elements bonded through layers are used.
[0003]
In particular, for actuators, position control in the submicron order has been required in the precision processing field and optical field in recent years. The inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostrictive effect that occur when an electric field is applied to piezoelectric ceramics for this position control. Many are used that utilize displacement based on.
[0004]
In order to manufacture such a piezoelectric element, for example, a squeegee method, a screen printing method, an offset printing method is used on the bonding surface of an auxiliary plate made of insulating ceramics, resin, or metal mainly composed of alumina, zirconia, forsterite, or the like. After applying a conductive thermosetting adhesive paste by a method such as the above, a piezoelectric ceramic plate that has been previously polarized in the thickness direction is stacked, and the adhesive is heated and cured while applying pressure. An electrode layer was formed on the surface opposite to the bonding surface of the ceramic plate.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in pasting the piezoelectric ceramic plate and auxiliary plate that form the piezoelectric element described above, each adhesive surface of the piezoelectric ceramic plate and auxiliary plate is subjected to lapping polishing or surface grinding to finish it flat, For example, a conductive thermosetting adhesive paste is applied to the adhesive surface of the auxiliary plate, and then the piezoelectric ceramic plate is stacked, and then the adhesive is heat-cured while being pressurized. Is thicker than the auxiliary plate, the adhesive contracts, causing the outer peripheral portion of the piezoelectric ceramic plate to warp toward the adhesive layer, and as a result, the entire piezoelectric element is warped. In addition, when the piezoelectric ceramic plate is subjected to polarization treatment from the adhesive surface to the surface opposite to the adhesive surface, there is a problem that the warpage of the piezoelectric element is further increased.
[0006]
In addition, if a substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics is subjected to polarization treatment, undulation may occur. When a substrate having such undulations is bonded to an auxiliary plate, the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics will be bonded with undulations. Therefore, there is a problem that the thickness of the adhesive layer cannot be made uniform.
[0007]
For this reason, when a piezoelectric element having such warpage or undulation is used for an actuator or the like, there are problems that a desired displacement cannot be obtained or a variation in displacement is large.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention relates to a piezoelectric element member in which two substrates having different thicknesses are bonded together via an adhesive layer, and the thick substrate of the two substrates is formed of piezoelectric ceramics. The surface roughness of at least the surface opposite to the bonding surface of the substrate made of the piezoelectric ceramic is set to an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less, and the substrate made of the piezoelectric ceramic is bonded to the adhesive A polarization treatment is performed from the surface opposite to the surface toward the adhesive surface.
[0009]
In the present invention, “the polarization treatment is performed from the surface opposite to the adhesive surface toward the adhesive surface” means that a positive voltage is applied to the surface opposite to the adhesive surface of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics. This means that a negative voltage is applied to each side to perform polarization processing.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing an example of a piezoelectric element member of the present invention.
[0012]
The piezoelectric element member 1 is formed by laminating a substrate 2 made of a thick piezoelectric ceramic and another substrate 3 thinner than the substrate 2 via an adhesive layer 4 made of a thermosetting adhesive. The substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic was subjected to polarization treatment from the surface 2b opposite to the adhesive surface 2a toward the adhesive surface 2a (a positive voltage was applied to the surface 2b opposite to the adhesive surface 2a and applied to the adhesive surface 2a). For example, when the piezoelectric element member 1 is used as an actuator, the other substrate 3 has an insulating property mainly composed of alumina, zirconia, forsterite or the like. In addition to using ceramics, single crystal alumina, metal or resin, a thermosetting adhesive having conductivity for the adhesive layer 4, and silver on the surface 2 b opposite to the adhesive surface 2 a of the substrate 2, An electrode layer (not shown) may be formed by depositing a metal such as nickel or an alloy thereof by vapor deposition or plating, and a voltage is applied between the adhesive layer 4 and the electrode layer (not shown). In this case, the piezoelectric element member 1 can be bent and displaced, so that it can function as an actuator.
[0013]
In order to manufacture such a piezoelectric element member 1, a double-sided lapping machine using a substrate 2 made of sintered piezoelectric ceramics and using silicon carbide particles having a particle diameter of 5 to 10 μm as free abrasive grains. The surface is ground by a surface grinding machine using a diamond grinding machine using a diamond wheel to which diamond abrasive grains having a particle diameter of 5 to 10 μm are fixed, and at least opposite to the adhesive surface 2a. A substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics having a surface roughness of the side surface 2b of 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less in arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is manufactured.
[0014]
Further, the other substrate 3 is processed in the same manner as the substrate 2 to produce a substrate thinner than the substrate 2.
[0015]
Next, an electrode layer (not shown) such as silver is formed on the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic and the surface 2b opposite to the bonding surface 2a, respectively, and in silicon oil, the side opposite to the bonding surface 2a. A positive voltage is applied to the electrode layer formed on the front surface 2b and a negative voltage is applied to the electrode layer formed on the bonding surface 2a to apply an electric field of, for example, 1.0 to 3.0 kV / mm between the electrode layers. After performing the polarization treatment by the step, both electrode layers are removed. Then, a paste-like thermosetting adhesive is applied to the bonding surface 3a of the other substrate 3, and then the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics is overlapped with the bonding surface 3a of the substrate 3, and then added. It can be obtained by heating and curing the adhesive while pressing.
[0016]
According to the piezoelectric element member 1 of the present invention, as described above, the substrate 2 made of thick piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to the polarization treatment from the surface 2b opposite to the adhesive surface 2a toward the adhesive surface 2a. It is characterized by being.
[0017]
That is, when the thermosetting adhesive applied between the bonding surfaces 2a and 3a of the substrate 2 made of a thick piezoelectric ceramic not polarized and the other substrate 3 having a small thickness is heated and cured while being pressed, Due to the shrinkage of the agent, a contraction stress acts on the bonding surface 2a side of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics in particular, and a tensile stress acts on the surface 2b on the opposite side of the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2, and as shown in FIG. The outer peripheral portion of the element member 1 is warped.
[0018]
On the other hand, the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to a polarization treatment in order to exert a piezoelectric effect, but even if it is a flat plate before polarization, as shown in FIG. There is a tendency that the outer peripheral portion of the substrate 2 is warped in the opposite direction to the negative pole side).
[0019]
Therefore, the present inventor pays attention to both of these phenomena, and attaches the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric element member 1 to the adhesive surface 2a (negative electrode) from the surface 2b (positive electrode side) opposite to the adhesive surface 2a. 2), the force that causes warping as the adhesive shrinks is offset by the force that causes the substrate 2 to be deformed by the polarization treatment, as shown in FIG. It has been found that the piezoelectric element member 1 with less warpage can be obtained.
[0020]
Moreover, in the polarization process to the board | substrate 2 which consists of piezoelectric ceramics, the degree of polarization will become large and the curvature degree will also become large by enlarging the intensity | strength of an electric field. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the warp of the piezoelectric element member 1 by controlling the electric field strength applied during the polarization treatment within a range that does not impair the piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic.
[0021]
However, in order to fully exhibit the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric element member 1, not only the polarization direction applied to the piezoelectric ceramic substrate 2 but also at least the adhesion surface 2a of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate 2 is set. It is important that the surface roughness of the surface 2b on the opposite side is 0.1 to 1 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra).
[0022]
That is, if the surface roughness of at least the surface 2b opposite to the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics is rough, the tensile stress generated by the polarization treatment is not uniformly generated over the entire surface, and warping with waviness occurs. Therefore, according to the experiments of the present inventors, when the surface roughness of the surface 2b opposite to the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic exceeds 1.0 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra), The warp accompanied by waviness cannot be sufficiently eliminated, and the surface roughness of at least the surface 2b opposite to the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic is 1.0 μm or less in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra). As a result, tensile stress can be uniformly generated on the entire surface 2b opposite to the adhesive surface 2a, and the degree of undulation can be sufficiently reduced. If they are combined, the thickness of the adhesive layer 4 can be made uniform, and the piezoelectric element member 1 with less warpage can be obtained, and the present invention has been achieved.
[0023]
Preferably, the surface roughness of at least the surface 2b opposite to the bonding surface 2a of the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramic is 0.1 to 0.5 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra). Accordingly, the warp of the piezoelectric element member 1 can be further reduced.
[0024]
The surface roughness of the substrate 3 is not particularly limited, but the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) may be 5 μm or less so that stable displacement of the piezoelectric element member 1 can be obtained.
[0025]
By the way, although it does not specifically limit as a piezoelectric ceramic which forms the board | substrate 2 of such a member 1 for piezoelectric elements, It is a zirconate titanate generally used as vibration sources, such as an actuator, a diaphragm, and a buzzer. Lead oxide (PZT type), lead titanate (PT type), or these are the main components, and at least one or more of Mg, Nb, Ni, Zn, Sb, Te, Sr, Ba, etc. are substituted to increase the piezoelectric constant, etc. Piezoelectric ceramics can be used.
[0026]
The other substrate 3 to be bonded to the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics may be appropriately selected from materials such as metals, resins, ceramics, single crystal alumina, etc. according to the purpose and application. As the metal, tin, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, iron, molybdenum, or an alloy containing these, and further stainless steel can be used. As the ceramic, alumina, zirconia, forsterite, silicon nitride can be used. Insulating ceramics whose main component is, for example, can be used. When the piezoelectric element member 1 is used for, for example, a buzzer or the like, if the Young's modulus of the substrate 3 is too high, it may not vibrate efficiently. In such a case, the substrate 3 has a Young's modulus of 200 GPa or less. It is preferable that the substrate 2 made of piezoelectric ceramics is not damped by the substrate 3 and can be vibrated efficiently. In addition, when high adhesive strength is required, it is preferable to use a material for the substrate 3 that has a thermal expansion difference that is as close as possible to that of the piezoelectric ceramic that forms the substrate 2.
[0027]
Moreover, although the dimension of the board | substrate 2 and the board | substrate 3 is various according to an application, what is necessary is just to use the board | substrate of a dimension of 10 mm-250 mmx20mm-300mmx thickness 0.1mm-3mm, for example in the case of a square plate.
[0028]
Furthermore, as the thermosetting adhesive for forming the adhesive layer 4, general thermosetting adhesives such as epoxy adhesives, polyimide adhesives, phenol adhesives, etc. can be used. Epoxy adhesives that can be obtained are suitable. Moreover, what gives the electroconductivity imparting agent which has electroconductivity in the said thermosetting adhesive should just be used when making the contact bonding layer 4 have electroconductivity.
[0029]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the member 1 for piezoelectric elements shown in FIG. 1, What was improved and changed in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. Needless to say, this can also be applied.
[0030]
【Example】
Example 1
Here, in a piezoelectric element member in which a thick substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics and another substrate thinner than the piezoelectric ceramic substrate are bonded via an adhesive layer made of a thermosetting adhesive, An experiment was conducted to investigate the magnitude of warpage and the presence or absence of waviness when the polarization direction of the substrate made of the substrate and the surface roughness on the surface opposite to the bonding surface were made different.
[0031]
Specifically, a substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics composed mainly of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and having a thickness of 1.5 mm is prepared, and silver electrode layers are respectively deposited on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate. Then, after applying electric current between the electrode layers and applying an electric field of 2.0 kV / mm in the thickness direction of the substrate to perform polarization treatment, the upper and lower electrode layers are removed and lapping is performed using silicon carbide abrasive grains having a particle diameter of 5 μm. As a result, the outer dimensions were 50 mm × 50 mm, and the surface roughness on the surface opposite to the bonding surface was varied in the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the range of 0.1 μm to 3.0 μm. Each 7 mm substrate was manufactured, and the warp size and the presence or absence of waviness of the obtained piezoelectric ceramic substrate were measured.
[0032]
Next, an epoxy adhesive (trade name: EPOTEK353-ND) is applied by a transfer method to the bonding surface of another substrate made of zirconia ceramics and molybdenum and having an outer dimension of 50 mm × 50 mm and a plate thickness of 0.2 mm. After that, the adhesive surface of the substrate made of the piezoelectric ceramic is bonded together, and the epoxy adhesive is cured by heat treatment at a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C. while applying pressure in a vacuum chamber under a reduced pressure of 8 KPa. A member for a piezoelectric element as a sample was manufactured. In addition, the surface roughness of the other substrate was 1.0 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra).
[0033]
And the magnitude | size of the curvature of each member for obtained piezoelectric elements was measured.
[0034]
The warpage of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics and the piezoelectric element member was measured from a surface roughness curve at a measurement length of 50 mm on the surface diagonal of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics using a surface roughness measuring machine. Calculated as the difference in height between the uppermost part (measurement start point or end point) and the lowermost part (near the measurement center part or the center part of the substrate), and the surface curve for the undulation of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics The presence or absence of visual swell was measured.
[0035]
Each result is as shown in Table 1.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004931302
[0037]
As a result, as can be seen from Table 1, the sample No. If the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics is subjected to polarization treatment from the surface opposite to the adhesive surface (positive voltage) to the adhesive surface (negative voltage) as in 1 to 7, sample No. Compared with a substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics, such as 8, 9, and a polarization treatment from the adhesion surface (positive voltage) to the surface opposite to the adhesion surface (negative voltage), for piezoelectric elements It can be seen that the warpage of the member 1 can be greatly reduced.
[0038]
However, Sample No. When the surface roughness on the surface opposite to the bonding surface of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics exceeds 1.0 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra), as in 5 to 7, the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics was wavy. Warpage occurred, and as a result, the warpage of the piezoelectric element member to which the substrate made of this piezoelectric ceramic was bonded was also increased.
[0039]
In contrast, sample no. As in 1-4, the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to polarization treatment from the surface opposite to the adhesive surface (positive voltage) to the adhesive surface (negative voltage), and the surface opposite to the adhesive surface If the surface roughness of the substrate is set to an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less, the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramics does not swell, and as a result, the substrates made of piezoelectric ceramics are bonded together. Further, the warp of the piezoelectric element member can be extremely reduced, which is excellent.
[0040]
As a result, when a piezoelectric element member is manufactured by bonding another thin substrate to a thick piezoelectric ceramic substrate, bonding is performed from the surface opposite to the bonding surface of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate (positive voltage). The surface roughness on the surface opposite to the adhesion surface of the substrate made of piezoelectric ceramic is 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less in terms of arithmetic average roughness (Ra) while performing polarization treatment toward the surface (negative voltage). Thus, a piezoelectric element member with less warping can be obtained, and if this piezoelectric element member is used for an actuator, a desired displacement can be stably generated.
[0041]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above, according to the present invention, two substrates having different thicknesses are bonded to each other through an adhesive layer, and a piezoelectric element member in which a thick substrate is formed of piezoelectric ceramics among the two substrates. The surface roughness of at least the surface opposite to the adhesion surface of the substrate made of the piezoelectric ceramic is set to an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm to 1 μm, and the substrate made of the piezoelectric ceramic includes Since the polarization treatment is performed from the surface opposite to the adhesive surface toward the adhesive surface, it is possible to provide a piezoelectric element member having almost no warpage or undulation and a substantially uniform adhesive layer thickness. If this piezoelectric element member is used as an actuator, it is possible to provide a highly reliable actuator that can stably obtain a desired displacement.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a piezoelectric element member of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a member for a piezoelectric element of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a substrate made of a thick piezoelectric ceramic not subjected to polarization treatment and another substrate having a small thickness are bonded together.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a warped state of a substrate made of a piezoelectric ceramic subjected to polarization treatment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Piezoelectric element member 2: Substrate made of piezoelectric ceramic 2a: Adhesive surface 2b: Surface opposite to the adhesive surface 3: Other substrate 3a: Adhesive surface 4: Adhesive layer

Claims (1)

厚みの異なる二枚の基板を接着層を介して貼り合わせてなり、上記二枚の基板のうち少なくとも厚みの厚い基板を圧電セラミックスにより形成した圧電素子用部材であって、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板の少なくとも接着面と反対側の表面における表面粗さを算術平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μm以上1μm以下とするとともに、上記圧電セラミックスからなる基板には、上記接着面と反対側の表面から接着面に向けて分極処理を施してあることを特徴とする圧電素子用部材。A substrate for a piezoelectric element in which two substrates having different thicknesses are bonded together via an adhesive layer, and at least a thick substrate of the two substrates is formed of piezoelectric ceramics, the substrate comprising the piezoelectric ceramics The surface roughness of at least the surface opposite to the bonding surface is set to an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less. A member for a piezoelectric element, wherein a polarization treatment is applied toward an adhesive surface.
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