JP4918201B2 - Diabetes prevention and treatment - Google Patents

Diabetes prevention and treatment Download PDF

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JP4918201B2
JP4918201B2 JP2001278469A JP2001278469A JP4918201B2 JP 4918201 B2 JP4918201 B2 JP 4918201B2 JP 2001278469 A JP2001278469 A JP 2001278469A JP 2001278469 A JP2001278469 A JP 2001278469A JP 4918201 B2 JP4918201 B2 JP 4918201B2
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雅之 吉川
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株式会社 日本薬用食品研究所
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、糖尿病の予防及び治療剤に関し、より詳細には、ユリ科(Liliaceae)ツクバネソウ属(Paris)植物を利用した糖尿病の予防及び治療剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
飲食における60〜70%を占める炭水化物は、種々の酵素によって加水分解され、ブドウ糖となって消化管から吸収され血糖値として現れる。例えば、デンプンはアミラーゼにより分解され、麦芽糖などのオリゴ糖となり、グルコシターゼによりブドウ糖となって吸収されて血糖値を上昇させる。通常、高血糖状態になるとインシュリンが分泌され、ブドウ糖が消費されて血糖値が低下する。
【0003】
しかし、長期間にわたる毎飲食後の急激な血糖値の上昇によるインシュリンの過剰分泌が繰り返されると糖尿病が発病し、高血糖状態の持続によって種々の合併症が生じる。また、近年の生活習慣の欧米化に伴う高カロリーの西洋食への移行や過食、モータリゼーションの発達による運動不足などが要因となって、糖尿病の可能性が否定できない人、いわゆる糖尿病予備軍と呼ばれる人の増加が大きな問題となっている。
【0004】
糖尿病の治療に用いられる医薬品としては、膵インシュリン分泌の促進作用のあるスルホニル尿素剤;肝の糖新生の抑制と末梢の筋肉、脂肪組織でのインシュリン感受性の亢進作用のあるビグアナイド系薬剤;チアゾリジン系血糖上昇抑制剤;消化管粘膜に存在するα−グルコシターゼ(二糖類加水分解酵素)の活性を阻害してデンプンやショ糖からブドウ糖の生成を抑制して血糖値上昇を抑制するα−グルコシダーゼ阻害薬〔例えばアカルボース(バイエル社製、商品名グルコバイ)およびボグリボース(武田薬品社製、商品名ベイスン)等〕等があり、経口投与用の糖尿病治療剤として使用されている。
しかし、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害剤をはじめとする糖尿病治療剤は、一般に合成品である。また、最近になって重篤な肝障害の発生が報告されるなど、その使用にあたっては医師の厳格な管理・指導が必要とされ、容易に入手、使用できないのが現状である。
さらに、健康食品として、抗糖尿病効果を標榜したものが多数認められるが、有効性に疑問のあるものが多く、具体的に生体での効能、効果が証明されたものはほとんど認められない。
【0005】
このような状況下において、消化管からの急激なブドウ糖吸収を抑制する効果を有し、安全で安価な天然素材の糖尿病の予防及び治療剤の開発が要望されている。
一方、ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物を基源とする蚤休、重楼、王孫は、中国伝総医学では天然薬物として位置付けられており、例えば、蚤休の薬効としては、解毒、鎮咳、強壮、強精などが伝承されており、また、癰腫、疔瘡、瘰癧、慢性気管炎、小児のひきつけの治療、疲労回復を目的に内服されたり、神経性皮膚炎、痔、ヘビの咬傷の治療に外用されたりしている。重楼は、膏薬にして腫瘍中毒に外用される。王孫は、鎮痛、強壮、消腫などの薬効が伝承されており、衰弱疲労に内服されている。
しかし、これらの伝承薬効を科学的に証明するような医薬学的評価はほとんど行われていない天然素材であり、これらの植物に、糖尿病の予防や治療に関する作用が認められたとの報告はない。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、飲食後などにおける高血糖状態におけるインシュリン過剰分泌の繰り返しによる障害の発生を避けるために、資源的に豊富に存在する植物を基源とする天然薬物や、栽培によって品質が安定した食物について、消化管におけるブドウ糖吸収を抑制する作用及びα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性を指標にした高血糖状態の改善作用等に関する研究を重ねたところ、ユリ科ツクバネソウ属の植物エキスに、長期連用に耐え得るほど安全で、かつ強力なブドウ糖吸収の抑制作用、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害作用及び血糖値上昇抑制作用があることを見出し、本発明の完成に至った。
すなわち、本発明によれば、ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物からなる糖尿病の予防及び治療剤が提供される。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の糖尿病の予防及び治療剤に利用することができる植物は、ユリ科(Liliaceae)ツクバネソウ属(Paris)に属するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、蚤休(Paris polyphylla)、重楼(Palis petiolata)及び王孫(Paris tetraphylla)等が挙げられる。具体的には、
蚤休:七葉一枝花 (学名:Paris polyphylla SMITH var. chinensis FRANCH.、産地(中国における省):江蘇、浙江、福建江西、安徴、湖北、四川、貴州、雲南、広東、広西など)、闊弁蚤休(Paris polyphylla SMITH var. platypetala FRANCH.、四川、雲南)、毛脈蚤休(Paris polyphylla SMITH var. pubessens HANDMAZZ.、四川、雲南)、狭葉蚤休(Paris polyphylla SMITH var. stenophylla FRANCH.、四川、雲南)、金線重楼(Paris polyphylla SMITH、 貴州、雲南、四川、チベットなど)、雲南重楼(Paris polyphylla SMITH var. yunnanensis FRANCH., HAND-MAZZ.、雲南)、クルマバツクバネソウ(Paris quadrifolia L.=Paris verticillata、山西など、日本、朝鮮、サハリン、シベリア)、
重楼:具柄王孫(Paris petiolata BAK ex FORB.、四川、広西など)、
王孫:ツクバネソウ(Paris tetraphylla A.GRAY、江蘇、浙江、江西、安徴、四川など、日本、朝鮮)等(以上、「中薬大辞典」小学館編による)である。
【0008】
これらの植物は、種類や産地等によって、その中に含有される成分の量や種類に若干の差異があると考えられるが、中国、朝鮮、日本、サハリン、シベリアなどの産地のほか、いずれの地域に生育しているものでも使用することができる。
このような植物は、根茎など地下部のみならず、葉等、ツクバネソウ属植物の全ての部位を利用することができる。粉末として用いる場合には、採取した植物を、そのまま又は乾燥して粉砕機等で粉砕することにより、100〜1000メッシュ、好ましくは200〜500メッシュの粉末として調製することができる。
【0009】
また、抽出物として用いる場合には、このような植物をそのまま、乾燥した後又は粉砕して、水、低級アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、ブタノール等)又はこれらの混合物などの溶媒により加熱又は冷浸して得ることができる。溶媒は、植物に対して2〜10重量倍程度、好ましくは2〜5重量倍程度で使用することが適当である。また、40〜80℃程度に、1〜10時間程度加熱するか、10〜35℃程度の冷浸温度にて、振盪下又は非振盪下に、植物を1〜10日間程度浸漬することによって抽出物を調製することができる。
【0010】
得られた抽出物は、濃縮して用いてもよい。濃縮は、低温低圧下で行うことが好ましい。また、この濃縮は乾固するまで行ってもよい。なお、濃縮する前にろ過し、ろ液を濃縮してもよい。
また、得られた抽出物は、精製処理に付してもよい。精製処理方法としては、クロマトグラフ法、イオン交換樹脂を使用する溶離法等を単独又は組み合わせて使用する方法が挙げられる。
【0011】
例えば、クロマトグラフ法としては、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、高速液体クロマトグラフィー、遠心液体クロマトグラフィー、カラムクロマトグラフィー、薄層クロマトグラフィー等のいずれか又はそれらを組み合わせて使用する方法が挙げられる。この際の担体、溶出溶媒等の精製条件は、各種クロマトグラフィーに対応して適宜選択することができる。例えば、順相クロマトグラフィーの場合にはクロロホルムーメタノール系の溶媒、逆相クロマトグラフィーの場合には、水ーメタノール系の溶媒を使用することができる。
【0012】
また、イオン交換樹脂を使用する溶離法としては、得られた抽出液を、水又は低級アルコールに希釈/溶解させ、この溶液をイオン交換樹脂に接触させて吸着させた後、低級アルコール又は水で溶離する方法が挙げられる。この際に使用される低級アルコールは、上述した通りであり、なかでもメタノールが好ましい。イオン交換樹脂としては、通常、当該分野の精製処理に使用されるものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、巨大網状構造で多孔性の架橋されたポリスチレン系樹脂、アーバンライト、セルローズ等が挙げられる。
ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物は、医薬的に受容な塩、賦形剤、保存剤、着色剤、矯味剤等とともに、医薬品又は食品の製造分野において公知の方法によって、顆粒、錠剤、カプセル剤等の種々の形態で使用することができる。
【0013】
また、ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物は、健康食品に利用することができる。健康食品とは、通常の食品よりも積極的な意味で、保健、健康維持・増進等の目的とした食品を意味し、例えば、液体又は半固形、固形の製品、具体的には、クッキー、せんべい、ゼリー、ようかん、ヨーグルト、まんじゅう等の菓子類、清涼飲料、栄養飲料、スープ等が挙げられる。また、そのまま煎じて茶剤としてもよい。これらの食品の製造工程において、あるいは最終製品に、上記粉末、抽出物等を混合又は塗布、噴霧などして添加して、健康食品とすることができる。
【0014】
ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物の使用量は、年齢、症状等によって異なるが、例えば、予防のために用いるには、成人1回につき粉末では50〜1000mg程度、好ましくは50〜300mg程度、抽出物では精製の度合いや水分含量等に応じて、10〜200mg程度、好ましくは10〜50mg程度が挙げられ、食前30分位に1日3回服用するのが望ましい。また、健康食品としての使用時には、食品の味や外観に悪影響を及ぼさない量、例えば、対象となる食品1kgに対し、粉末及び抽出物の形態で、10〜1000mg程度の範囲で用いることが適当である。
以下に、本発明の糖尿病の予防及び治療剤の実施例を以下に詳しく説明する。
【0015】
ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の抽出
蚤休、重楼及び王孫の粗切品1kgに2〜3リットルの溶媒(水、メタノール(含水量1%)、エタノール(含水量5%)、ブタノール)をそれぞれ加えて、80〜90℃で3時間加熱又は3日間冷浸し、冷却後ろ過し、そのろ液を減圧下、約45℃以下の温度のもとで溶媒を留去して乾燥エキスとした。
加熱では、水エキスの収率は約14〜18%、メタノールエキスでは約10〜15%、エタノールエキスでは約9〜12%、ブタノールエキスでは約5〜8%であった。また、冷浸では、収率は加熱の場合の約20%減であった。
得られた蚤休及び重楼の水抽出物は、いずれも、淡黄色粉末で強い吸湿性を示した。
また、以下の条件下での薄層クロマトグラフィでは、いずれもRf値0.8付近に黄緑色スポット、0.7付近に数個の褐色スポット、0.3付近に黒色スポットが得られた。
【0016】
担体:Silica Gel 60F254 pre-coated TLC plate(Merck社製)
展開溶媒:クロロホルム:メタノール:水(6:4:1)
発色:1%硫酸セリウムを含む10%硫酸水溶液を噴霧後の加熱時の呈色による。
さらに、紫外線吸収スペクトル(島津UV−1600、溶媒:メタノール)では、いずれも、280nm付近に極大吸収、245nm付近にsh吸収を示した。
【0017】
IRスペクトル(島津FTIR-8100(KBr))では、いずれも、3430cm-1付近に水酸基、2940cm-1付近にメチレン、1630〜1660cm-1付近にカルボニル基、オレフィン又はアミド基、1050cm-1付近にエーテル結合に由来すると思われる吸収が認められた。
【0018】
α−グルコシダーゼの活性阻害試験
酵素の調製:Wistar系雄性ラット(体重150〜350g)の空腸から得た刷子縁膜を粗酵素として用いた。この刷子縁膜を、0.01Mマレイン酸緩衝液(pH=6.0)に懸濁し、約25〜50n mol/ml/分の基質が加水分解される濃度に希釈した。刷子縁膜を用いたのは、マルターゼ、シュクラーゼなどのd−グルコシターゼを豊富に含有しているためである。
試験法:基質としてマルトースおよびシュクロースの各々を74mMで、50μL、被験エキス(水エキス又はエタノールエキス)の各濃度のもの100μLを加え、37℃で2〜3分間予備加温した。なお、基質および被験エキスは、ともにマレイン酸緩衝液(PH=6.0)に溶解して用いた。
【0019】
次に、これに、酵素液50μLを加えて30分間反応させた。
反応の停止は、水800μLを加え、92〜97℃の水浴中に2分間入れることによって行った。
生成したグルコース量を、グルコースオキシダーゼ法(グルコースC11テストワコー)により測定した。
なお、比較例として、甘味を選択的に抑制し、腸からの糖の吸収を遅らせる作用があると知られているギムネマ葉のエキスを上記と同様に得、同様に試験し、生成したグルコース量を測定した。
得られた結果から、α−グルコシダーゼ活性を50%阻害するのに必要なエキス量を求めたところ、以下の結果が得られた。その結果を表1に示す。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0004918201
表1から、蚤休、重楼、王孫エキスはいずれも、α−グルコシダーゼの活性阻害作用が強いことが分かった。また、メタノールエキスよりも水エキスの方が高い活性阻害能を示した。
【0021】
ショ糖負荷における血糖値上昇抑制作用
絶食させたWister系雄性ラット(体重130〜170g)を用い、一群6匹ととして蚤休、重楼及び王孫の水エキスおよび粉末をそれぞれ経口投与した。その30分後にショ糖を負荷(0.5g/kgを経口投与)した。
糖負荷後、30分後及び1時間後に無麻酔拘束下(採血時のみ)、頚動脈から採血し、血糖値を測定した。なお、血糖値は、グルコースオキシダーゼ法により測定した。
なお、粉末は、蚤休、重楼及び王孫の乾燥粗切品を粉砕機で粉砕し、500メッシュ程度とした。また、比較例としてギムネマ葉のエキスを用いて、同様の測定を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0004918201
表2から、蚤休、重楼、王孫エキスはいずれも、インビボにおいて、ショ糖負荷における血糖値上昇抑制作用が強いことが分かった。
ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の抽出物が含有された健康食品
実施例1
小麦粉50重量部、砂糖35重量部、全卵10重量部、上記で得られた水エキス5重量部を秤量した。
全卵に砂糖を混合した後、予め篩に通し小麦粉を加えて軽く混ぜ合わせて生地を作り、これを適当な形に成形し、オーブンで焼き上げてせんべいを作った。
【0023】
実施例2
当該分野で公知の方法にしたがって、上記で得られた水エキスを、カプセルに充填し、1カプセル中に50mg含有されるゼラチンカプセルを得た。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、本発明のユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物は、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害作用と糖負荷時の血糖上昇抑制作用があることから、過食や偏食などに起因した飲食後の過血糖状態を抑制するのみならず、生活習慣病の代表とも言える糖尿病の治療剤としても有効に利用することができる。
また、長い間の使用経験に基づく植物を基源とする天然薬物であることから、副作用等の心配がなく、安価に利用できるためダイエットや糖尿病予防にも有効である。
しかも、本発明のユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物は、健康食品として摂取しやすい形態、例えば、菓子や飲料等の形態とすることができるため、容易に服用することができ、長期間に渡って、連続的に服用し続けることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a prophylactic and therapeutic agent of diabetes, and more particularly, relates to a prophylactic and therapeutic agent of Liliaceae (Liliaceae) Tsukubanesou genus (Paris) diabetes using plants.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Carbohydrate occupying 60 to 70% in food and drink is hydrolyzed by various enzymes, becomes glucose, is absorbed from the digestive tract, and appears as a blood glucose level. For example, starch is decomposed by amylase to become an oligosaccharide such as maltose, and is absorbed as glucose by glucosidase to increase the blood sugar level. Normally, when a hyperglycemic state is reached, insulin is secreted, glucose is consumed, and the blood glucose level decreases.
[0003]
However, if excessive secretion of insulin is repeated due to a rapid increase in blood glucose level after every eating and drinking over a long period of time, diabetes develops and various complications occur due to the persistence of the hyperglycemic state. In addition, people who cannot deny the possibility of diabetes due to the shift to high-calorie western food accompanying the westernization of lifestyles in recent years, overeating, and lack of exercise due to the development of motorization, so-called diabetes reserve army The increase of people is a big problem.
[0004]
Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes include sulfonylureas that promote pancreatic insulin secretion; biguanides that inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhance insulin sensitivity in peripheral muscles and adipose tissue; thiazolidines Glucose increase inhibitor: α-glucosidase inhibitor that inhibits the activity of α-glucosidase (disaccharide hydrolase) present in the gastrointestinal mucosa and suppresses the production of glucose from starch and sucrose to suppress the increase in blood glucose level [For example, Acarbose (Bayer, trade name Gluobay) and Voglibose (Takeda, trade name Basin), etc.] are used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes for oral administration.
However, antidiabetic agents including α-glucosidase inhibitors are generally synthetic products. In addition, the occurrence of severe liver damage has recently been reported, and strict management and guidance of doctors is required for its use, and it is currently difficult to obtain and use.
In addition, many health foods with anti-diabetic effects are recognized, but there are many that are questionable in effectiveness, and there are hardly any specific foods that have been proven to be effective and effective in vivo.
[0005]
Under such circumstances, there is a demand for the development of a safe and inexpensive natural raw material for the prevention and treatment of diabetes that has the effect of suppressing rapid glucose absorption from the digestive tract.
On the other hand, kyukyu, shigero, and grandchildren, which are based on Lilyaceae plants, are positioned as natural drugs in Chinese traditional medicine. For example, the medicinal effects of kyukyu are detoxification, antitussive, tonic, strong. It is used to treat acne, pressure ulcers, hemorrhoids, chronic tracheitis, children's constriction, recovery from fatigue, and treatment of neurodermatitis, hemorrhoids, and snake bites. It is used externally. Shigero is used as a plaster for topical tumor poisoning. The grandchildren have inherited medicinal effects such as analgesia, tonic, and antitumor, and are used for debilitating fatigue.
However, it is a natural material that has hardly undergone pharmacological evaluation that scientifically proves these traditional medicinal effects, and there is no report that these plants have been found to have an effect on the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to avoid the occurrence of damage due to repeated insulin hypersecretion in a hyperglycemic state after eating and drinking, the present inventor has a natural drug based on abundant resources and the quality is stabilized by cultivation. As a result of repeated research on foods that suppress glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and on the improvement of hyperglycemia using the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as an index, it is possible to withstand long-term continuous use in lily family plant extracts. As a result, the present invention has been completed by finding that it has a safe and powerful glucose absorption inhibitory action, α-glucosidase inhibitory action, and blood glucose level rise inhibitory action.
That is, according to the present invention, diabetes prevention and treatment agent comprising a powder and / or extract of Liliaceae Tsukubanesou genus plant Ru are provided.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The plant that can be used for the preventive and therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it belongs to the genus Liliaceae, and is, for example, Paris polyphylla. , Heavy tower (Palis petiolata) and grandchild (Paris tetraphylla). In particular,
蚤 Closed: Nanae Ichiehana (Scientific name: Paris polyphylla SMITH var.闊 ll Par (Paris polyphylla SMITH var. Platypetala FRANCH., Sichuan, Yunnan), hair fleece (Paris polyphylla SMITH var. Pubessens HANDMAZZ., Sichuan, Yunnan), 狭 葉 蚤 休 (Paris polyphylla SMITH var. ., Sichuan, Yunnan), Golden Line Tower (Paris polyphylla SMITH, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, etc.), Yunnan Heavy Tower (Paris polyphylla SMITH var. Yunnanensis FRANCH., HAND-MAZZ., Yunnan) (Paris quadrifolia L. = Paris verticillata, Shanxi, Japan, Korea, Sakhalin, Siberia),
Shigero: Gong pattern grandchildren (Paris petiolata BAK ex FORB.
Oganda: Tsukubansou (Paris tetraphylla A.GRAY, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, etc., Japan, Korea), etc.
[0008]
These plants are considered to have a slight difference in the amount and type of components contained in them depending on the type and production area, but in addition to the production areas in China, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin, Siberia, etc. You can also use those grown in the area.
Such a plant can use not only the underground part such as the rhizome but also all parts of the plant of the genus Euphorbia such as the leaf. When used as a powder, the collected plant can be prepared as a powder of 100 to 1000 mesh, preferably 200 to 500 mesh, as it is or after drying and pulverizing with a pulverizer or the like.
[0009]
In addition, when used as an extract, such a plant is dried or pulverized as it is, and heated or chilled with a solvent such as water, lower alcohol (methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc.) or a mixture thereof. Obtainable. The solvent is suitably used in an amount of about 2 to 10 times, preferably about 2 to 5 times the weight of the plant. Moreover, it extracts by heating for about 1 to 10 hours at about 40-80 degreeC, or immersing a plant for about 1-10 days at the immersion temperature of about 10-35 degreeC under shaking or non-shaking. Product can be prepared.
[0010]
The obtained extract may be used after being concentrated. Concentration is preferably performed under low temperature and low pressure. Further, this concentration may be performed until it is solidified. In addition, you may filter before concentrating and may concentrate a filtrate.
The obtained extract may be subjected to a purification treatment. Examples of the purification treatment method include a method using a chromatographic method, an elution method using an ion exchange resin, or the like alone or in combination.
[0011]
For example, examples of the chromatographic method include normal phase chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, centrifugal liquid chromatography, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and the like, or a method using a combination thereof. It is done. In this case, purification conditions such as a carrier and an elution solvent can be appropriately selected according to various chromatographies. For example, a chloroform-methanol solvent can be used for normal phase chromatography, and a water-methanol solvent can be used for reverse phase chromatography.
[0012]
In addition, as an elution method using an ion exchange resin, the obtained extract is diluted / dissolved in water or lower alcohol, and this solution is brought into contact with the ion exchange resin to be adsorbed, followed by lower alcohol or water. The method of eluting is mentioned. The lower alcohol used in this case is as described above, and methanol is particularly preferable. The ion exchange resin is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used for purification treatment in the field. For example, a porous crosslinked polystyrene-based resin having a large network structure, urbanite, cellulose, etc. Is mentioned.
A powder and / or extract of a plant belonging to the genus Lilyaceae, together with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, excipients, preservatives, coloring agents, corrigents, etc., by a method known in the field of pharmaceutical or food production, It can be used in various forms such as tablets and capsules.
[0013]
Moreover, the powder and / or extract of a Lilyaceae plant can be used for health food. Health food means a food that is more active than ordinary food, and is intended for health, health maintenance and promotion, for example, liquid or semi-solid, solid products such as cookies, Examples include confectionery such as rice crackers, jelly, yokan, yogurt and manju, soft drinks, nutritional drinks, soups and the like. Moreover, it may be decocted as it is to make a tea preparation. In the production process of these foods or to the final product, the above powder, extract and the like can be added by mixing, coating, spraying or the like to obtain a health food.
[0014]
The amount of powder of lily family genus plant and / or extract varies depending on age, symptoms, etc. For example, in order to use it for prevention, it is about 50 to 1000 mg, preferably 50 to 1 in powder per adult. About 300 mg, and about 10 to 200 mg, preferably about 10 to 50 mg can be mentioned depending on the degree of purification and water content of the extract, and it is desirable to take 3 times a day about 30 minutes before a meal. In addition, when used as a health food, it is appropriate to use in an amount that does not adversely affect the taste and appearance of the food, for example, in the range of about 10 to 1000 mg in the form of powder and extract with respect to 1 kg of the target food. It is.
Examples of the preventive and therapeutic agents for diabetes according to the present invention will be described in detail below.
[0015]
Extraction of Liliaceae plants <br/> Roughly cut 1 kg of Kyukyu, Shigero and Oji, 2 to 3 liters of solvent (water, methanol (water content 1%), ethanol (water content 5%), butanol ), Heated at 80-90 ° C. for 3 hours or cooled for 3 days, cooled and filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less to dry extract. It was.
In heating, the yield of the water extract was about 14-18%, the methanol extract was about 10-15%, the ethanol extract was about 9-12%, and the butanol extract was about 5-8%. In the case of the immersion, the yield was reduced by about 20% in the case of heating.
The obtained water extracts of Kiko and Shigeru were both pale yellow powders and showed strong hygroscopicity.
Further, in the thin layer chromatography under the following conditions, a yellow-green spot was obtained near the Rf value of 0.8, several brown spots were obtained near 0.7, and a black spot was obtained near 0.3.
[0016]
Carrier: Silica Gel 60F 254 pre-coated TLC plate (Merck)
Developing solvent: chloroform: methanol: water (6: 4: 1)
Color development: By coloring at the time of heating after spraying a 10% sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing 1% cerium sulfate.
Furthermore, in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum (Shimadzu UV-1600, solvent: methanol), all showed maximum absorption near 280 nm and sh absorption near 245 nm.
[0017]
In IR spectrum (Shimadzu FTIR-8100 (KBr)), both, hydroxyl groups at around 3430cm -1, methylene around 2940cm -1, 1630~1660cm -1 near to a carbonyl group, an olefin or an amide group, in the vicinity of 1050 cm -1 Absorption that was thought to originate from ether bonds was observed.
[0018]
α-Glucosidase activity inhibition test Enzyme preparation: Brush border membrane obtained from the jejunum of Wistar male rats (body weight 150-350 g) was used as a crude enzyme. The brush border membrane was suspended in 0.01 M maleate buffer (pH = 6.0) and diluted to a concentration that allowed hydrolysis of about 25-50 nmol / ml / min of substrate. The reason why the brush border film was used is that it contains abundant d-glucosidases such as maltase and sucrose.
Test method: Each of maltose and sucrose as a substrate at 74 mM, 50 μL, 100 μL of each concentration of the test extract (water extract or ethanol extract) was added, and pre-warmed at 37 ° C. for 2 to 3 minutes. The substrate and the test extract were both dissolved in a maleic acid buffer (PH = 6.0).
[0019]
Next, 50 μL of enzyme solution was added thereto and reacted for 30 minutes.
The reaction was stopped by adding 800 μL of water and placing it in a water bath at 92 to 97 ° C. for 2 minutes.
The amount of glucose produced was measured by the glucose oxidase method (Glucose C11 Test Wako).
As a comparative example, an extract of Gymnema leaf, which is known to have an action of selectively suppressing sweetness and delaying sugar absorption from the intestine, was obtained in the same manner as described above, tested in the same manner, and the amount of glucose produced. Was measured.
From the obtained results, the amount of extract necessary to inhibit the α-glucosidase activity by 50% was determined, and the following results were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004918201
From Table 1, it was found that all of Kiko, Shigeru, and Ogyo extract have strong α-glucosidase activity inhibitory action. In addition, the water extract showed higher activity inhibition ability than the methanol extract.
[0021]
Inhibition of blood glucose level increase under sucrose load Using fasted male Wister rats (body weight 130-170 g), orally administrating water extract and powder of Kiko, Shigeru, and grandchildren as 6 rats per group did. Thirty minutes later, sucrose was loaded (0.5 g / kg was orally administered).
After glucose loading, 30 minutes and 1 hour later, under anesthesia restraint (only during blood collection), blood was collected from the carotid artery and blood glucose level was measured. The blood glucose level was measured by the glucose oxidase method.
In addition, the powder was crushed with a grinder into dried coarsely-cut products of Kiko, Shigerou and Wang Yong, and was about 500 mesh. Moreover, the same measurement was performed using the extract of Gymnema leaf as a comparative example. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004918201
From Table 2, it was found that all of Kiko, Shigerou, and Wang Sun extract have a strong inhibitory effect on blood sugar level increase under sucrose load in vivo.
Health food containing extract of Lilyaceae plant Example 1
50 parts by weight of flour, 35 parts by weight of sugar, 10 parts by weight of whole egg, and 5 parts by weight of the water extract obtained above were weighed.
After all the eggs were mixed with sugar, the flour was added in advance through a sieve and lightly mixed to make a dough, which was formed into an appropriate shape and baked in an oven to make a rice cracker.
[0023]
Example 2
According to a method known in the art, the water extract obtained above was filled into a capsule to obtain a gelatin capsule containing 50 mg in one capsule.
[0024]
【Effect of the invention】
According to the present invention, the powder and / or extract of the Liliaceae plant of the present invention has an α-glucosidase inhibitory action and an inhibitory action on blood sugar elevation during sugar loading, and therefore food and drink caused by overeating or uneven eating It can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, which can be said to be a representative of lifestyle-related diseases, as well as suppressing the subsequent hyperglycemia state.
In addition, since it is a natural drug based on plants based on long-term use experience, it is effective for diet and diabetes prevention because it can be used at low cost without worrying about side effects.
In addition, the powder and / or extract of the Liliaceae plant of the present invention can be easily taken because it can be easily ingested as a health food, for example, in the form of a confectionery or beverage, Can be taken continuously over a long period of time.

Claims (2)

ユリ科ツクバネソウ属植物の粉末及び/又は抽出物からなる糖尿病の予防及び治療剤。  A prophylactic and therapeutic agent for diabetes comprising a powder and / or extract of a plant of the genus Lilyaceae. ツクバネソウ属植物が、蚤休、重楼又は王孫である請求項1に記載の糖尿病の予防及び治療剤。  The preventive and therapeutic agent for diabetes according to claim 1, wherein the plant of the genus Thrips is a falcon, a heavy tower or a grandchild.
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