JP4892196B2 - Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil - Google Patents
Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4892196B2 JP4892196B2 JP2005088167A JP2005088167A JP4892196B2 JP 4892196 B2 JP4892196 B2 JP 4892196B2 JP 2005088167 A JP2005088167 A JP 2005088167A JP 2005088167 A JP2005088167 A JP 2005088167A JP 4892196 B2 JP4892196 B2 JP 4892196B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- greening
- fermentation
- dehydrated cake
- crushed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N [5-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentan-2-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OC1C(OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OCC(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(COC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)O1 UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000617 arabinoxylan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001494496 Leersia Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940052810 complex b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、緑化用土壌および緑化用土壌の製造方法ならびに緑化用土壌を用いた緑化方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a greening soil, a method for producing a greening soil, and a greening method using the greening soil.
近年、ダム工事等の建設工事で発生する建設汚泥(脱水ケーキ)を緑化用の土壌に再利用する方法が考えられている(特許文献1参照)。この脱水ケーキは、工事後の泥水に対してポリ塩化アルミニウムや、硫酸アルミニウム、塩化第二鉄、水酸化カルシウム、ポリアクリルアミド等の凝集剤を投入した後、フィルタ等で挟んで加圧・脱水処理を行うことにより微細な土粒子をケーキ状に固めた緻密な土塊である。
しかしながら、このような脱水ケーキをそのまま緑化用土壌として利用すると、凝集剤を構成するアルミニウムや鉄等の化学成分が肥料のリン酸を固定するため肥料としての効果が低減し、植物の育成を阻害するという問題がある。また、脱水ケーキが緻密に固められた土塊であることから、緑化用土壌として利用するには透水性や通気性等の物理的性状が劣るため、植物の育成には適さないという問題もある。いずれにしても、脱水ケーキを緑化用土壌として十分に再利用できないという問題がある。 However, if such a dehydrated cake is used as it is as a soil for greening, chemical components such as aluminum and iron constituting the flocculant fix the phosphate of the fertilizer, reducing the effect as a fertilizer and inhibiting plant growth There is a problem of doing. In addition, since the dehydrated cake is a compacted solid mass, it has a problem that it is not suitable for growing plants because it has poor physical properties such as water permeability and air permeability when used as a soil for greening. In any case, there is a problem that the dehydrated cake cannot be sufficiently reused as soil for greening.
本発明の目的は、脱水ケーキを緑化用土壌として好適に利用することにある。 An object of the present invention is a Turkey be suitably used dewatered cake as greening soil.
本発明の緑化用土壌は、高分子系凝集剤及びアルミニウム系凝集剤を含んだ凝集剤を含有する脱水ケーキと、未分解の草木質破砕物と、前記未分解の草木質破砕物を発酵する耐熱性菌を活性化する、小麦フスマおよび末粉の少なくとも一方を含んだ発酵副資材とが混合され、これらが好気的に発酵されていることを特徴とする。 The soil for greening of the present invention ferments a dehydrated cake containing a flocculant containing a polymer flocculant and an aluminum flocculant , an undegraded vegetation crushed material, and the undegraded vegetated crushed material . It is characterized by being mixed with a fermentation auxiliary material containing at least one of wheat bran and powder that activates heat-resistant bacteria, and these are fermented aerobically.
本発明によれば、例えば以下のプロセスに基づいて、脱水ケーキを緑化用土壌として好適に利用できると考えられる。すなわち、脱水ケーキに対して未分解の草木質破砕物を混合することにより、脱水ケーキの緻密な構造がほぐれて通気性が改善されるとともに、未分解の草木質破砕物が水分を吸収することにより脱水ケーキの水分状態が改善される。また、このような脱水ケーキに小麦フスマや末粉を含んだ発酵副資材が混合されることにより、脱水ケーキの微生物活性が向上して、土壌基礎材の発酵が短期間に進行するとともに微生物叢を良好にできる。ここで、土壌基礎材とは、脱水ケーキと植物発生材と発酵副資材とが混合されたものであり、発酵が進んでいないものを示す。 According to the present invention, for example, based on the following process, it is considered that the dehydrated cake can be suitably used as soil for greening. That is, mixing the undecomposed grassy crushed material with the dehydrated cake unraveles the dense structure of the dehydrated cake and improves the air permeability, and the undegraded crushed grassy material absorbs moisture. This improves the moisture state of the dehydrated cake. Moreover, by mixing such dehydrated cake with fermentation auxiliary materials containing wheat bran and powder, the microbial activity of the dehydrated cake is improved and fermentation of the soil base material proceeds in a short period of time and the microflora Can be improved. Here, the soil basic material is a mixture of a dehydrated cake, a plant generating material, and a fermentation auxiliary material, and indicates a material that has not undergone fermentation.
ここで、草木質破砕物は植物発生材の一種である。植物発生材とは、草木材チップや生ごみなどの有機質を含むものである。具体例としては、植物の幹部、枝部、小枝部、根部などの草木に由来する材料であり、草木材チップの場合、山間部でのダム工事や道路工事等に伴い発生する森林伐採木や伐採根、緑地、街路樹、公園、植栽樹木などの剪定枝葉、枯損樹木、建築現場から発生する廃木材、おがくず、落ち葉、刈草、刈芝などを挙げることができる。生ごみなどの場合、食品工場や事業所から発生する食品原材料くずなど、または畜産事業所から発生する牛、馬などの家畜の糞尿が混じる敷料なども利用できる。なお、敷料とは、畜舎の床に敷いて、家畜を保護したり、糞尿を吸収させるためのものであり、一般的に、敷わらという稲わらを用いるが、鋸くず、粉砕パーク、爆砕籾殻なども用いる。 Here, the crushed vegetation is a kind of plant generating material. The plant generating material includes organic matter such as grass-wood chips and garbage. Specific examples are materials derived from vegetation such as plant trunks, branches, twigs, roots, etc., and in the case of grass timber chips, deforested trees that are generated due to dam construction and road construction in mountainous areas, etc. Pruned branches and leaves such as felled roots, green spaces, roadside trees, parks, planted trees, dead trees, waste wood generated from construction sites, sawdust, fallen leaves, cut grass, and cut grass. In the case of food waste, it is also possible to use raw material waste generated from food factories and business establishments, or litter mixed with livestock manure such as cattle and horses generated from livestock production establishments. The litter is used to protect livestock and absorb manure by laying on the floor of a barn. Generally, rice straw called bedding is used, but sawdust, pulverization park, explosive husks are used. Also used.
そして、微生物活性の向上により、未分解の草木質破砕物の発酵の過程で発生する腐植が脱水ケーキに含まれるアルミニウム等の化学成分と結合して不溶性の複合体を形成する。これにより植物の肥料となるリン酸の固定化が抑制され、土の化学的性状を向上できる。さらに、複合体の存在により土壌基礎材の土粒子が立体的な団粒構造となるため、土の保水性や透水性等の物理的性状も向上できる。従って、土壌基礎材の化学的・物理的性状を改善できるため、脱水ケーキを緑化用の緑化用土壌として好適に利用できる。この際、植物発生材の再利用化の促進も図ることができる。 And, by improving the microbial activity, the humus generated in the process of fermentation of the undegraded crushed plant material is combined with a chemical component such as aluminum contained in the dehydrated cake to form an insoluble complex. Thereby, immobilization of phosphoric acid used as a plant fertilizer is suppressed, and the chemical properties of the soil can be improved. Furthermore, since the soil particles of the soil base material have a three-dimensional aggregate structure due to the presence of the composite, physical properties such as soil water retention and water permeability can be improved. Therefore, since the chemical and physical properties of the soil base material can be improved, the dehydrated cake can be suitably used as a greening soil for greening. At this time, it is possible to promote the reuse of plant-generated materials.
また、発酵の過程で発生する発酵熱によりポリアクリルアミド等の凝集剤を分解でき、さらに、短期間での発酵により草木質破砕物の発酵が不十分な場合に発生するフェノール類の発生を防止できるため、環境への影響にも十分に配慮できる。 Moreover, flocculants such as polyacrylamide can be decomposed by fermentation heat generated in the course of fermentation, and furthermore, it is possible to prevent the generation of phenols that occur when fermentation of crushed vegetation is insufficient due to fermentation in a short period of time. Therefore, sufficient consideration can be given to the impact on the environment.
以上の緑化用土壌において、前記脱水ケーキおよび前記未分解の草木質破砕物の合計100重量部に対して、前記発酵副資材が0.01重量部以上〜20重量部以下混合されていることとしてもよい。発酵副資材の混合量が0.01重量部より少ない場合には、発酵をより促進させることができず、また、20重量部より多い場合には、添加量に見合った効果を奏することができない、つまり、添加量を増やしても奏される効果にあまり変化がない。 In the above greening soil, the fermentation auxiliary material is mixed in an amount of 0.01 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the dehydrated cake and the undecomposed crushed vegetation. Also good. When the mixing amount of the fermentation auxiliary material is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the fermentation cannot be further promoted, and when it is more than 20 parts by weight, the effect corresponding to the addition amount cannot be achieved. In other words, there is not much change in the effect achieved even if the amount added is increased.
ここで、前記土壌基礎材は、前記脱水ケーキを50〜95重量%と、前記植物発生材を5〜50重量%とを含んで構成できる。前記発酵副資材は、アラビノキシラン含量が20重量%以上である有機物からなる発酵栄養剤や、前記未分解の草木質破砕物を発酵する発酵微生物、pH緩衝剤、腐植酸類、カルシウム化合物およびマグネシウム化合物等のミネラル類を含有してもよい。なお、小麦フスマのアラビノキシラン含量は約30〜40重量%であり、小麦フスマはアラビノキシラン含量が20重量%以上である有機物からなる発酵栄養剤である。 Here, the soil foundation material, and 50 to 95% by weight of the dehydrated cake, the plant development material Ru can configure and a 5 to 50 wt%. The fermentation auxiliary material includes fermented nutrients made of organic matter having an arabinoxylan content of 20% by weight or more, fermenting microorganisms that ferment the undegraded crushed vegetation , pH buffering agents, humic acids, calcium compounds, magnesium compounds, etc. Minerals may be included. In addition, the arabinoxylan content of wheat bran is about 30-40 weight%, and wheat bran is a fermented nutrient which consists of organic substance whose arabinoxylan content is 20 weight% or more.
また、本発明の緑化用土壌の製造方法は、高分子系凝集剤及びアルミニウム系凝集剤を含んだ凝集剤を含有する脱水ケーキに対して、未分解の草木質破砕物および、前記未分解の草木質破砕物を発酵する耐熱性菌を活性化する、小麦フスマおよび末粉の少なくとも一方を含む発酵副資材を混合し、これらを好気的に発酵することを特徴とする。このような発酵を行うことにより、有効態のリン酸濃度をより向上させることができる。また、未分解の草木質破砕物や発酵副資材として用いられる小麦フスマや末粉を分解しやすい状態にすることもできるため、粉砕等の加工手間を省くことが可能となる。さらには、小麦フスマや末粉に含まれているリン酸成分をリン酸肥料として有効利用することも可能となる。 In addition, the method for producing a soil for greening of the present invention provides an undegraded crushed vegetation and the undegraded vegetative material for a dehydrated cake containing a flocculant containing a polymer flocculant and an aluminum flocculant . A fermentation auxiliary material containing at least one of wheat bran and powder, which activates heat-resistant bacteria that ferment the crushed vegetation, is mixed and fermented aerobically. By performing such fermentation, the effective phosphoric acid concentration can be further improved. This also allows to easily decomposed state wheat bran and Sueko used as herbal matter crushed and fermentation by-material undecomposed, that Do is possible to save the processing time such as pulverization. Furthermore, it becomes possible to effectively use the phosphate component contained in wheat bran and powder as phosphate fertilizer.
本発明によれば、脱水ケーキを緑化用土壌として好適に利用することができる。 According to the present invention, as possible out it is suitably used a dehydrated cake as greening soil.
本発明の一実施形態に係る緑化用土壌の製造方法について図面を参照して説明する。
図1,図2は、緑化用土壌1の製造過程を示す模式図である。
図1に示すように、アルミニウム系の凝集剤11A、ポリアクリルアミド等の高分子系の凝集剤11Bおよび土粒子11を含有する脱水ケーキ10と、未分解の植物発生材である草木質の破砕物12と、草木質の破砕物12の発酵を促進する発酵副資材20とを混合して放置することにより発酵する。これにより、例えば下記プロセスに基づいて、緑化用土壌1が製造できるものと考えられる。
The manufacturing method of the soil for greening which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings.
1 and 2 are schematic diagrams showing the manufacturing process of the greening soil 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, a dehydrated cake 10 containing an aluminum-based flocculant 11A, a polymer flocculant 11B such as polyacrylamide, and soil particles 11, and a crushed material of vegetation that is an undecomposed plant generating material 12 and the fermentation auxiliary material 20 that promotes fermentation of the crushed material 12 of the vegetation are mixed and allowed to stand for fermentation. Thereby, it is thought that the soil 1 for greening can be manufactured based on the following process, for example.
すなわち、前述した混合を行うと、脱水ケーキ10を構成する土粒子11の緻密構造がほぐれて通気性が改善されるとともに、草木質の破砕物12が水分を吸収して水分状態が改善される。また、発酵副資材20により、脱水ケーキ10および草木質の破砕物12の混合物の微生物活性が向上するため、草木質の破砕物12の発酵が短期間で進行し微生物叢が良好になる。 That is, when the above-described mixing is performed, the dense structure of the soil particles 11 constituting the dehydrated cake 10 is loosened and the air permeability is improved, and the crushed material 12 of the grass and wood absorbs moisture and the moisture state is improved. . In addition, since the microbial activity of the mixture of the dehydrated cake 10 and the crushed vegetative material 12 is improved by the fermentation auxiliary material 20, the fermentation of the crushed vegetative material 12 proceeds in a short period of time, and the microbial flora is improved.
そして、図2に示すように、草木質の破砕物12が発酵すると腐植Aが発生し、この腐植Aがアルミニウム系の凝集剤11Aのアルミニウムと結合して不溶性の複合体Bを形成することにより、アルミニウムによるリン酸の固定化が抑制されるため、リン酸の肥料としての効果を維持できる。また、草木質の破砕物12が発酵する際に生じる発酵熱により、ポリアクリルアミド等の高分子系の凝集剤11Bが生分解され、さらに、発酵副資材20により草木質の破砕物12が短期間で発酵して草木質の破砕物12からのフェノール類の発生が低減されるため、環境への影響も低減する。このように高分子系の凝集剤11Bが生分解され、複合体Bが脱水ケーキ10の土粒子11の周囲に形成されることにより、土の団粒化が進行して物理的性状および化学的性状が改善され、水はけ、水持ちがよい上、保肥性が良くて栄養バランスのとれた緑化用土壌1となる。このため、植物の根などが土内に容易に入り、植物の生育が安定化した緑化用土壌1となる。 Then, as shown in FIG. 2, humus A is generated when the crushed vegetation 12 is fermented, and the humus A is combined with aluminum of the aluminum-based flocculant 11A to form an insoluble complex B. Since the fixation of phosphoric acid by aluminum is suppressed, the effect of phosphoric acid as a fertilizer can be maintained. Further, the fermentative heat generated when the crushed vegetative material 12 is fermented causes the polymer flocculant 11B such as polyacrylamide to be biodegraded. Since the generation of phenols from the crushed vegetative material 12 is reduced by fermentation, the environmental impact is also reduced. In this way, the polymer flocculant 11B is biodegraded, and the composite B is formed around the soil particles 11 of the dewatered cake 10, whereby the soil agglomeration proceeds and physical properties and chemical properties are increased. The properties are improved, and drainage and water retention are good, and the soil for greening 1 has good fertilizer retention and nutritional balance. For this reason, the root of a plant etc. easily enters the soil, and the soil for greening 1 in which the growth of the plant is stabilized is obtained.
なお、発酵副資材20としては、小麦フスマや末粉等の発酵栄養剤や、草木質の破砕物12を発酵する発酵微生物、pH緩衝剤、腐植酸類、カルシウム化合物およびマグネシウム化合物等のミネラル類等を含有するものを採用できる。例えば、脱水ケーキ10および草木質の破砕物12の合計100重量部に対して発酵副資材20を5重量部混合できる。また、例えば、小麦フスマおよび末粉の少なくとも一方と、草木質の破砕物12を分解する耐熱性菌を含有し、かつpHを6.0〜8.5に調整したものであって、小麦フスマおよび末粉の少なくとも一方を発酵副資材の全重量に基づいて60重量%以上の割合で含有し、前記耐熱性菌が80℃の温度で10分間処理後に55℃の温度で生存可能な菌であって、この耐熱性菌を発酵副資材1g中に105CFU以上含有し、かつ発酵副資材の全重量に基づいて腐植酸またはその誘導体を2.5重量%以下の割合で含有するものを採用できる。 The fermentation auxiliary material 20 includes fermented nutrients such as wheat bran and powder, fermented microorganisms that ferment the crushed material 12 of a vegetation, pH buffering agents, humic acids, minerals such as calcium compounds and magnesium compounds, and the like. Can be used. For example, 5 parts by weight of the fermentation auxiliary material 20 can be mixed with 100 parts by weight of the dehydrated cake 10 and the crushed material 12 of the vegetation. Further, for example, it contains a heat-resistant bacterium that decomposes at least one of wheat bran and powder and the crushed material 12 of a grass and wood, and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 to 8.5, and the wheat bran And at least one of the powdered powders in a proportion of 60% by weight or more based on the total weight of the fermentation auxiliary material, and the heat-resistant bacteria can survive at a temperature of 55 ° C. after being treated at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. In addition, it is possible to employ one that contains 105 CFU or more of this heat-resistant bacterium in 1 g of fermentation auxiliary material and that contains humic acid or a derivative thereof in a proportion of 2.5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the fermentation auxiliary material. .
より具体的には、発酵副資材20として、日清製粉株式会社製の「シャトルコンポ(商品名)」や「アクセルコンポ(商品名)」、「アシストコンポ(商品名)」、「カロリーコンポ(商品名)」等を利用できる。 More specifically, the Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. “Shuttle Component (Product Name)”, “Accel Component (Product Name)”, “Assist Component (Product Name)”, “Calory Component ( Product name) "etc.
次に、施工現場における緑化用土壌1の製造工程について説明する。
図3Aは、施工現場における緑化用土壌1の製造工程について説明するためのフロー図である。図3Aに示すように、脱水ケーキ10を発酵ヤードXに運搬して盛土しておく(S101)。一方、建設工事等で草木質(伐採木)を発酵ヤードXの別の場所に運搬して自走式木材破砕機等により一次破砕をした後(S102)、より細かく二次破砕を行うことにより前記草木質の破砕物(以下、「伐採材チップ」ともいう)を製造する(S103)。そして、製造した草木質の破砕物と発酵副資材とを盛土に添加した後(S104)、ミキサー等により混合・攪拌し(S105)、土の切返しと散水とを行い、発酵過程を経て(S106)、緑化用土壌1を製造する(S107)。
Next, the manufacturing process of the greening soil 1 at the construction site will be described.
FIG. 3A is a flowchart for explaining the manufacturing process of the greening soil 1 at the construction site. As shown in FIG. 3A, the dehydrated cake 10 is transported to the fermentation yard X and banked (S101). On the other hand, after transporting the vegetation (cutting tree) to another place in the fermentation yard X for construction work, etc., and performing primary crushing with a self-propelled wood crusher etc. (S102), then performing secondary crushing more finely The grassy crushed material (hereinafter also referred to as “cutting material chip”) is manufactured (S103). And after adding the crushed plant material and fermentation auxiliary material which were manufactured to the embankment (S104), it mixes and stirs with a mixer etc. (S105), performs soil turning and watering, and passes through a fermentation process (S106). ), The soil for greening 1 is manufactured (S107).
このような緑化用土壌1の製造を施工現場で実施する形態としては、小規模形態で実施する場合(図3B参照)と大規模形態で実施する場合(図3C参照)とがある。以下、各々説明する。 As a form which implements manufacture of such soil 1 for greening on a construction site, there exist a case where it implements with a small scale form (refer to Drawing 3B), and a case where it implements with a large scale form (refer to Drawing 3C). Each will be described below.
<小規模形態で実施する場合>
図3Bに示すように、緑化用土壌の製造を小規模形態で実施する場合、例えば、施工現場が幅4〜5m、高さ2m程度等のような場合には、まず、ダンプアップした脱水ケーキ30をバックホウ31により敷き均し、これに発酵副資材32(例えば、上記の「シャトルコンポ」等)を散布する(散布厚みは、例えば、10〜15cm程度)。次に、このバックホウ31のアタッチメントをバケット33aから、例えば、油圧式ジョークラッシャー等のような攪拌・破砕機能を備えた特殊バケット(例えば、ガラナイザー等)に交換し、この特殊バケット(以下、ガラナイザー33bを例に挙げて説明する)を用いて脱水ケーキ30と発酵副資材32とを一次混合させる。さらに、この一次混合物に未分解の植物発生材である伐採材チップ34を撒出し、同様にして一次混合物と伐採材チップ34とを二次混合させる。この二次混合物35は所定場所に集積しておく。なお、脱水ケーキ30と発酵副資材32及び伐採材チップ34は比重が著しく異なるため、通常これらを均一に混合させることは困難であるが、ガラナイザー33bを用いて攪拌することにより、これらを均一に混合させることが容易となる。
<When implementing in a small form>
As shown in FIG. 3B, when the greening soil is manufactured in a small-scale form, for example, when the construction site has a width of 4 to 5 m, a height of about 2 m, etc., the dehydrated cake dumped up first. 30 is spread with a backhoe 31 and fermented auxiliary material 32 (for example, the above-mentioned “shuttle component” or the like) is sprayed (spreading thickness is, for example, about 10 to 15 cm). Next, the attachment of the backhoe 31 is exchanged from the bucket 33a to a special bucket (for example, a galvanizer) having a stirring / crushing function such as a hydraulic jaw crusher. The dehydrated cake 30 and the fermentation auxiliary material 32 are primarily mixed. Further, the felled wood chips 34, which are undegraded plant generating materials, are extracted from the primary mixture, and the primary mixture and the felled wood chips 34 are secondarily mixed in the same manner. This secondary mixture 35 is accumulated in a predetermined place. In addition, since the specific gravity of the dehydrated cake 30, the fermentation auxiliary material 32, and the felled wood chip 34 is significantly different from each other, it is usually difficult to mix them uniformly. However, by stirring using the galvanizer 33b, they are uniformly mixed. It becomes easy to mix.
一方、ブロア、送気管、砕石、金網等を設置して堆肥ヤード36を整備しておき、二次混合物35をこの堆肥ヤード36上に堆積し、エアレーションを行いながら好気条件下で養生する。エアレーションにより発酵に必要な空気量(例えば、0.9m3/min等)が確保されるため、発酵条件が厳しい冬季であっても上記養生が可能となる。堆積した二次混合物35内には温度計及びpH計測器等を埋設しておき、温度及びpH等を計測しながら養生条件を適切に維持管理する。二次混合物35の養生中には、バックホウ31を用いて適宜切り返しを行う。この切り返しにより好気条件を維持することが可能となる。以上の工程により、緑化用土壌の製造を小規模で実施することができる。 On the other hand, a compost yard 36 is prepared by installing a blower, an air pipe, a crushed stone, a wire net, and the like, and the secondary mixture 35 is deposited on the compost yard 36 and cured under aerobic conditions while performing aeration. Since the amount of air necessary for fermentation (for example, 0.9 m 3 / min) is ensured by aeration, the above curing can be performed even in winter when fermentation conditions are severe. A thermometer and a pH measuring instrument are buried in the deposited secondary mixture 35, and the curing conditions are appropriately maintained and managed while measuring the temperature and pH. During the curing of the secondary mixture 35, the backhoe 31 is used to appropriately cut back. This switching makes it possible to maintain the aerobic condition. Through the above steps, the greening soil can be produced on a small scale.
<大規模形態で実施する場合>
また、図3Cに示すように、緑化用土壌の製造を大規模形態で実施する場合、例えば、緑化土壌を継続的且つ大量に製造するような場合には、自走式土質改良機37(例えば、日立建機SR−G2000等)、バックホウ31a,31b、及び大型ダンプ38等の各種の機械を用いる。まず、バックホウ31aを用いて脱水ケーキ30を採取し、これを大型ダンプ38に積み込んで所定の場所まで運搬し、集積する。集積した脱水ケーキ30を自走式土質改良機37内にバックホウ31bを用いて投入し、さらに発酵副資材及び伐採材チップをこの自走式土質改良機37内に投入する。自走式土質改良機37内では、脱水ケーキと発酵副資材及び伐採材チップとが均一に攪拌混合される。これらの混合物40は自走式土質改良機37外へと噴出され、堆積される。なお、自走式土質改良機37を移動させることにより、堆積場所を適宜変更することができる。そして、堆積した混合物40を小規模形態の場合と同様に好気条件下で養生する。但し、大規模形態で実施する場合には、養生後に大量の緑化用土壌41をバックホウ31で掬い、これを大型ダンプ38等に積み込み易くするために、エアレーション用の配管、砕石等を地面下に設置しておくことが好ましい。以上の工程により、緑化用土壌41の製造を大規模で実施することができる。なお、製造された緑化用土壌41は、施工現場においてブルドーザー39等を用いて敷き均すことで、緑地に適用することができる。
<When implemented in a large-scale format>
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3C, when the greening soil is manufactured in a large-scale form, for example, when the greening soil is manufactured continuously and in large quantities, a self-propelled soil improvement machine 37 (for example, , Hitachi Construction Machinery SR-G2000, etc.), backhoes 31a, 31b, and a large dump 38 are used. First, the dewatered cake 30 is collected using the backhoe 31a, loaded into a large dump 38, transported to a predetermined place, and accumulated. The accumulated dehydrated cake 30 is introduced into the self-propelled soil improvement machine 37 using the backhoe 31b, and the fermentation auxiliary material and the felled wood chips are introduced into the self-propelled soil improvement machine 37. In the self-propelled soil improvement machine 37, the dewatered cake, the fermentation auxiliary material, and the felled wood chips are uniformly mixed by stirring. These mixtures 40 are ejected out of the self-propelled soil conditioner 37 and deposited. In addition, by moving the self-propelled soil improvement machine 37, the deposition location can be changed as appropriate. Then, the deposited mixture 40 is cured under aerobic conditions as in the case of the small-scale form. However, when implemented in a large-scale configuration, after curing, a large amount of greening soil 41 is sown by the backhoe 31, and aeration pipes, crushed stones, etc. are placed below the ground in order to make it easier to load the soil into a large dump 38 or the like. It is preferable to install it. Through the above steps, the greening soil 41 can be manufactured on a large scale. In addition, the manufactured soil 41 for greening can be applied to a green space by laying down using the bulldozer 39 etc. in a construction site.
本実施形態によれば、脱水ケーキ10と草木質の破砕物12とに発酵副資材20を添加することにより微生物活性が向上して、脱水ケーキ10に含まれる凝集剤11A,11Bや、草木質の破砕物12由来のフェノール類等の化学物質の影響が低減するとともに、土の団粒化が進行する。このため、土としての物理的性状および化学的性状が向上して緑化用土壌1として好適である。従って、脱水ケーキ10および草木質の破砕物12の再利用化を促進でき、工事のゼロエミッション化を図ることができる。 According to this embodiment, the microbial activity is improved by adding the fermentation auxiliary material 20 to the dehydrated cake 10 and the crushed material 12 of the vegetation, and the flocculants 11A and 11B contained in the dehydrated cake 10 and the vegetative quality are increased. The influence of chemical substances such as phenols derived from the crushed material 12 is reduced, and soil agglomeration proceeds. For this reason, the physical property and chemical property as soil improve, and it is suitable as the soil 1 for greening. Therefore, the reuse of the dehydrated cake 10 and the crushed material 12 of the vegetation can be promoted, and the zero emission of the construction can be achieved.
なお、本発明は、前記実施形態に限定されず、本発明の目的を達成できる他の構成等を含み、以下に示すような変形等も本発明に含まれる。例えば、前記実施形態では、未分解の植物発生材として草木質の破砕物12を採用したが、これには限定されない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Including other structures etc. which can achieve the objective of this invention, the deformation | transformation etc. which are shown below are also contained in this invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the grassy crushed material 12 is used as the undecomposed plant generating material, but the invention is not limited thereto.
また、前記実施形態において、例えば脱水ケーキ10および草木質の破砕物12の合計100重量部に対して発酵副資材20を5重量部混合したが、これに限らず、発酵副資材20を5重量部以上混合してもよく、その混合割合は特に限定されない。 Moreover, in the said embodiment, although 5 weight part of fermentation auxiliary materials 20 were mixed with respect to a total of 100 weight part of the dewatering cake 10 and the crushed material 12 of grass, for example, it is not restricted to this, 5 weight of fermentation auxiliary materials 20 are mixed. Part or more may be mixed, and the mixing ratio is not particularly limited.
以下、本発明を実施例および比較例により具体的に説明する。
下記の実施例1および比較例1,2について、下記試験を実施した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
The following tests were conducted on the following Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
(1)配合
[実施例1]
・脱水ケーキ(含水率23.1%,pH9.15):1800g
・草木質の破砕物:200g
・シャトルコンポ(日清製粉株式会社製):100g
[比較例1]
・脱水ケーキ(含水率23.1%,pH9.15):1800g
・草木質の破砕物:200g
[比較例2]
・脱水ケーキ(含水率23.1%,pH9.15)のみを用いた。
(1) Formulation [Example 1]
・ Dehydrated cake (moisture content 23.1%, pH 9.15): 1800 g
・ Grass of vegetation: 200g
・ Shuttle component (Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.): 100g
[Comparative Example 1]
・ Dehydrated cake (moisture content 23.1%, pH 9.15): 1800 g
・ Grass of vegetation: 200g
[Comparative Example 2]
-Only dehydrated cake (water content 23.1%, pH 9.15) was used.
(2)発酵試験
<試験方法>
実施例1、比較例1に示す通り配合した材料について、ミキサー(関東混合機工業(株)製、カントーミキサーSS型155LB)を用いて90秒間混合・攪拌した後、小型発酵リアクターに入れて、7日間の発酵試験に供した。この発酵試験では、仕込み時および発酵後における菌数(一般生菌数、耐熱性菌数、糸状菌数、および放線菌数)と、温度(℃)および二酸化炭素濃度(CO2濃度)の経時変化とを測定した。これらの結果を図4,図5に示す。なお、前記小型発酵リアクターには、特開2002−253201号公報や、特開2002−255677号公報の技術を適用できる。
(2) Fermentation test <Test method>
About the material mix | blended as shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, after mixing and stirring for 90 seconds using a mixer (manufactured by Kanto Mixer Kogyo Co., Ltd., Can Tho Mixer SS type 155LB), it was put into a small fermentation reactor, The sample was subjected to a 7-day fermentation test. In this fermentation test, the number of bacteria (general viable count, thermostable count, filamentous count, and actinomycet count), and temperature (° C.) and carbon dioxide concentration (CO 2 concentration) at the time of preparation and after fermentation were measured over time. Changes were measured. These results are shown in FIGS. In addition, the technique of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2002-253201 and Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2002-255777 is applicable to the said small fermentation reactor.
<評価方法>
仕込み時に比べて発酵後の耐熱性菌数が増加した場合を微生物活性の向上(脱水ケーキの緑化用土壌化;○)と評価し、耐熱性菌数がほとんど変化しない場合を変化なし(×)と評価した。また、配合物の温度および二酸化炭素が増加した場合を微生物活性の向上(脱水ケーキの緑化用土壌化;○)と評価し、温度および二酸化炭素濃度があまり変化しない場合を変化なし(×)と評価した。
<Evaluation method>
When the number of heat-resistant bacteria after fermentation is increased compared to the time of preparation, the microbial activity is improved (dehydration cake is made into soil for greening; ○), and the case where the number of heat-resistant bacteria hardly changes is unchanged (×) It was evaluated. In addition, when the temperature and carbon dioxide of the compound increased, the microbial activity was improved (dehydration cake was converted to soil for greening; ○). evaluated.
<結果>
表1に示す通り、実施例1では、耐熱性菌数が増加し、かつ温度および二酸化炭素濃度が増加したことから、脱水ケーキの緑化用土壌化(団粒化)が確認できた。一方、比較例1では、耐熱性菌数が増加せず、また、温度および二酸化炭素濃度の増加もなかったため、脱水ケーキの緑化用土壌化が確認できなかった。このため、脱水ケーキおよび草木質の破砕物に発酵副資材を混合することにより草木質の破砕物の発酵が進行して土の団粒化がなされるため、脱水ケーキを緑化用土壌として有効に利用できることが判明した。
<Result>
As shown in Table 1, in Example 1, since the number of heat-resistant bacteria increased and the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration increased, it was confirmed that the dehydrated cake was made into soil for greening (aggregation). On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the number of heat-resistant bacteria did not increase, and the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration did not increase. For this reason, by mixing fermentation debris with dehydrated cake and crushed vegetative material, fermentation of crushed vegetative material proceeds and soil agglomeration takes place, making dehydrated cake effective as greening soil. It turns out that it can be used.
(3)肥沃性試験
<試験方法>
また、実施例1、比較例1および比較例2に示す通りに配合した材料について、表2に示す項目・方法により、肥沃性試験を実施した。
(3) Fertility test <Test method>
Further, fertilization tests were conducted on the materials blended as shown in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 by the items and methods shown in Table 2.
<結果>
実施例1,比較例1,2について、表2に示す項目の測定結果を表3に示す。
<Result>
Table 3 shows the measurement results of the items shown in Table 2 for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
後述するように、実施例1の土は、比較例2の土に比べて、土壌の肥沃性を示す化学性、物理性が向上していることがわかった。 As will be described later, the soil of Example 1 was found to have improved chemical and physical properties indicating soil fertility compared to the soil of Comparative Example 2.
(i)化学性
図6は、実施例1の土,比較例1,2の土において、EC、pH(H2O)、pH(KCL)の各測定値を示す図である。図6に示すように、実施例1の土は、比較例2の土に比べて、水浸出液のpH(H2O)が中性に近づき、土の性状が改善されることがわかった。
(I) Chemical Properties FIG. 6 is a diagram showing measured values of EC, pH (H 2 O), and pH (KCL) in the soil of Example 1 and the soils of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 . As shown in FIG. 6, it was found that the soil of Example 1 was closer to neutral pH (H 2 O) of the water leachate than the soil of Comparative Example 2, and the soil properties were improved.
また、図7は、実施例1の土,比較例1,2の土において、CEC(陽イオン交換容量)、有効態リン酸(トルオーグ)、可溶性アルミニウムの各測定結果を示す図である。図7に示すように、実施例1の土は、比較例2の土に比べて、CECの値が大きくなっていた。ここで、一般に、CECの値が大きいと、間隙水に溶け込んでいるイオンを電気的に中和する機能が高まる、すなわち、それだけ多くのイオンを土が吸着でき、間隙水に含まれるイオンが減少することになる。換言すれば、間隙水をアルカリ性にする成分を土が吸収しやすくなる。従って、図7に示すように、実施例1の土は、比較例2の土に比べて、CECの値が大きいことから、土を中性に保つ機能が向上していることがわかった。 Moreover, FIG. 7 is a figure which shows each measurement result of CEC (cation exchange capacity), effective phosphoric acid (Torrog), and soluble aluminum in the soil of Example 1 and the soil of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 7, the soil of Example 1 had a larger CEC value than the soil of Comparative Example 2. Here, in general, when the value of CEC is large, the function of electrically neutralizing ions dissolved in pore water increases, that is, the soil can adsorb so much ions and the number of ions contained in pore water decreases. Will do. In other words, the soil easily absorbs the component that makes the pore water alkaline. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, since the soil of Example 1 had a larger CEC value than the soil of Comparative Example 2, it was found that the function of keeping the soil neutral was improved.
また、図7に示すように、実施例1の土は、比較例2の土に比べて、可溶性アルミニウムの値が小さく(半減)なっていた。このため、可溶性アルミニウムによる植物の生育阻害の発生や、リン酸吸収の発生を抑えられることになる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the soil of Example 1 had a smaller value of soluble aluminum (halved) than the soil of Comparative Example 2. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the plant growth inhibition by soluble aluminum and generation | occurrence | production of phosphoric acid absorption can be suppressed.
(ii)物理性
次に、実施例1、比較例1,2におけるpF−水分曲線(水分特性曲線)を求めた。その結果を表4および図8に示す。このpF−水分曲線は、pFという水を保持する力で平衡状態となる間隙水を求めるものである。このようなpF−水分曲線を示す図を利用して、実施例1と比較例2とにおいて、pF1.5の水分量からpF2.7の水分量を減じた値である有効水分を比較することにより、土壌構造の特徴を把握することができる。
(Ii) Physicality Next, the pF-water curve (moisture characteristic curve) in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was determined. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIG. This pF-moisture curve is for determining pore water that is in an equilibrium state by the force of holding water called pF. Using the figure showing such a pF-moisture curve, in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the effective water that is the value obtained by subtracting the water content of pF2.7 from the water content of pF1.5 is compared. Thus, the characteristics of the soil structure can be grasped.
表4および図8に示すように、実施例1の土では有効水分量が19%であり、比較例1の土では有効水分量が15%、比較例2の土では有効水分量が11%であった。従って、実施例1の土は、土の間隙が増加(団粒化)して、通気性が良くなるとともに、保水性が高まり、また、これらの間隙が微生物等の住処を提供することにもなるため、生物環境も向上することがわかった。要するに、実施例1の土は、水持ち、水はけ、通気性がよく土壌化(団粒化)していることがわかった。 As shown in Table 4 and FIG. 8, the soil of Example 1 has an effective water content of 19%, the soil of Comparative Example 1 has an effective water content of 15%, and the soil of Comparative Example 2 has an effective water content of 11%. Met. Therefore, the soil of Example 1 increases the soil gap (aggregation), improves air permeability, increases water retention, and also provides a place for living such as microorganisms. Therefore, it was found that the biological environment also improved. In short, it was found that the soil of Example 1 was well soiled, drained, and well-ventilated (soiled).
以上より、実施例1の土は、土壌化が進行するとともに、肥料成分および土のpHを改善でき、また、可溶性アルミニウム量の減少により植物の生育阻害を抑えることが可能となり、緑化用土壌として有効であることがわかった。 As mentioned above, the soil of Example 1 can improve the fertilizer component and the pH of the soil as soiling progresses, and can suppress plant growth inhibition by reducing the amount of soluble aluminum. It turned out to be effective.
このようにして製造された緑化用土壌は、品質を分級することなどにより、緑化対象の場所の盛土材や、表土、斜面吹付け材、または、農用地の土壌改良材や表土、盛土材などに適切に利用できる。以下、緑化用土壌を用いた緑化方法について説明する。 The greening soil produced in this way is classified into quality, etc., for use as embankment material, topsoil, slope spraying material, or soil improvement material, topsoil, embankment material, etc. for agricultural land. Appropriately available. Hereinafter, the greening method using the soil for greening is demonstrated.
===緑化用土壌を用いた緑化方法(吹き付け工法による傾斜面の緑化)===
本発明の緑化方法は、上記のようにして製造された緑化用土壌を用いて緑化対象領域を緑化する方法であり、以下の実施例では、上記の緑化用土壌を緑化対象領域である傾斜面に吹き付けることにより傾斜面の緑化を試みた(吹き付け工法)。ここで、脱水ケーキを土壌化することにより得られた植物基盤材は、74μm以下の細粒分を約70%程度含む細粒土であるため、これを一般的な空気搬送による吹き付け工法で施工すると、微粒子が吹き付け機やホース内面に付着し、閉塞により搬送できないことが懸念された。また、搬送できたとしても搬送量が極端に少なくなる等、所要の施工効率が確保できないこと等も懸念された。そこで、当該材料を用いて効率的な吹き付け施工を実現するため、施工方法の確立を目的として施工性試験を実施した。本実施例では、特に、植生基盤の膨軟化や保水性を改善するためにピートモスを用いることとした。また、図9に示すように、本実施例では、吹き付け機90として三和式モルタルガンを用いており、その他の使用機械としては、植生基材吹き付け工法で用いられる一般的な機械、設備を用いた(例えば、吹き付けホース91、延長ホース92、空気圧縮機93、発電機94、ベルトコンベア95、計量ミキサー96、材料ホッパ97、タイヤショベル98等)。
=== Revegetation method using soil for revegetation (greening of inclined surfaces by spraying method) ===
The greening method of the present invention is a method of greening a greening target region using the greening soil produced as described above. In the following examples, the above-mentioned greening soil is an inclined surface that is a greening target region. We tried greening of the inclined surface by spraying on the surface (spraying method). Here, since the plant base material obtained by converting the dehydrated cake into soil is a fine-grained soil containing about 70% of fine particles of 74 μm or less, it is constructed by a general air transport spraying method. Then, there was a concern that the fine particles adhered to the inner surface of the spraying machine or the hose and could not be conveyed due to blockage. Moreover, even if it was able to be transported, there were concerns that the required construction efficiency could not be ensured, for example, the transport amount would be extremely small. Therefore, in order to realize an efficient spraying construction using the material, a workability test was conducted for the purpose of establishing a construction method. In this example, peat moss was used particularly for improving the softening and water retention of the vegetation base. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, a Sanwa mortar gun is used as the spraying machine 90, and other machines used include general machines and equipment used in the vegetation base material spraying method. Used (for example, blowing hose 91, extension hose 92, air compressor 93, generator 94, belt conveyor 95, weighing mixer 96, material hopper 97, tire excavator 98, etc.).
次に、脱水ケーキと伐採材チップとの配合及び養生方法(エアレーションの有無)を変えた4つの緑化用土壌(ケース1〜4)を用いて、吹き付け試験を行った。これら各ケースにおける配合及び養生方法等を表5に示し、その試験結果を表6に示す。なお、各ケースとも発酵副資材を5.0重量%添加した。また、脱水ケースの比重を1.6とし、伐採材チップの比重を0.5とした。 Next, a spraying test was performed using four greening soils (cases 1 to 4) in which the composition of the dehydrated cake and the felled wood chips and the curing method (with or without aeration) were changed. Table 5 shows the composition and curing method in each case, and Table 6 shows the test results. In each case, 5.0% by weight of fermentation auxiliary material was added. The specific gravity of the dewatering case was 1.6, and the specific gravity of the felled wood chips was 0.5.
上記の表5及び表6に示すように、吹き付け時の施工性に問題が生じないようにするために緑化用土壌に添加すべきピートモスの最小添加量は、次のようになった(表6の判定:○参照)。すなわち、脱水ケーキと伐採材チップとの配合比が9:1のケース1及び2の場合には、ピートモスの最小添加量は、エアレーションを行ったケース1では30体積%であったのに対し、エアレーションを行わなかったケース2では50体積%となった。一方、脱水ケーキと伐採材チップとの配合比が7:3のケース3及び4の場合には、ピートモスの最小添加量は、エアレーションを行ったケース3では0体積%(ピートモス添加不要)であったのに対し、エアレーションを行わなかったケース4では30体積%となった。このことから、吹き付け時の施工性を向上させるためには、ピートモスを緑化用土壌に対して30体積%〜50体積%混合させることが好ましいと推測される。 As shown in Table 5 and Table 6 above, the minimum amount of peat moss to be added to the greening soil so as not to cause problems in workability during spraying is as follows (Table 6). (See ○) That is, in cases 1 and 2 where the mixing ratio of dehydrated cake and felled wood chips was 9: 1, the minimum amount of peat moss was 30% by volume in case 1 where aeration was performed, In case 2 where aeration was not performed, the volume was 50% by volume. On the other hand, in cases 3 and 4 where the mixing ratio of dewatered cake and felled wood chips was 7: 3, the minimum amount of peat moss added was 0% by volume (no peat moss added) in case 3 where aeration was performed. In contrast, in case 4 where aeration was not performed, the volume was 30% by volume. From this, in order to improve the workability at the time of spraying, it is estimated that it is preferable to mix peat moss in an amount of 30% by volume to 50% by volume with respect to the greening soil.
また、上記のケース1及びケース4を用いて高低差がある場合(垂直高40m)の施工能率を確認した。その結果を表7に示す。 Moreover, the construction efficiency when there was a height difference using the case 1 and the case 4 (vertical height 40 m) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 7.
上記の表7に示すように、ケース1及びケース4のいずれの場合にも、閉塞など施工性に問題が生じることはなく、また、十分且つ安定した吐出量を確保することもできた。このことから、本発明の緑化用土壌を高低差がある傾斜面(例えば、ダム堤体上流側のり面等)に吹き付ける場合であっても、通常の植生基材吹き付け工法と同等の施工能率が認められるものと推測される。 As shown in Table 7 above, in both cases 1 and 4, there was no problem in workability such as blockage, and a sufficient and stable discharge amount could be secured. From this, even if it is a case where the soil for tree planting of the present invention is sprayed on an inclined surface having a level difference (for example, a slope surface on the upstream side of a dam dam body), the construction efficiency equivalent to that of a normal vegetation substrate spraying method is obtained. Presumed to be accepted.
さらに、本実施例では、上記のケース3及びこのケース3にピートモスを30体積%添加したケース3−P30を対象とし、吹き付け後の植物(例えば、ヤマトハギ、メドハギ、イタチハギ等)の生育状況(例えば、植被率及び草丈等)を観察した。この際、比較対照として在来工法である植生基材吹き付け工法による植物の生育状況も観察した。その観察結果を図10に示す。 Furthermore, in this example, the above-described case 3 and case 3-P30 in which 30% by volume of peat moss is added to the case 3 are targeted, and the growth state (for example, Yamatohagi, Medhagi, Weaselhagi, etc.) after spraying (for example, , Planting rate and plant height, etc.) were observed. Under the present circumstances, the growth condition of the plant by the vegetation base material spraying method which is a conventional construction method was also observed as a comparison control. The observation results are shown in FIG.
図10に示すように、上記のケース3及びケース3−P30の場合、すなわち、脱水ケーキと伐採材チップとの配合比を7:3とし、エアレーションを行った場合には、在来工法である植生基材吹き付け工法の場合と比べると、いずれも植物の生育状況がほぼ同等となることが確認された。このことから、本願発明により製造した緑化用土壌を植生基盤として利用することが十分可能であることがわかる。また、吹き付け時にピートモスを添加した場合(ケース3−P30)の方がピートモスを添加していない場合(ケース3)と比べ、植物の生育状況が良好であった。このことから、ピートモスを緑化用土壌に添加することにより、吹き付け時の施工性を向上させるだけではなく、吹き付け後の植物の生育を向上させることもわかる。 As shown in FIG. 10, in the case of the above case 3 and case 3-P30, that is, when the mixing ratio of the dewatered cake and the felled wood chips is 7: 3 and aeration is performed, the conventional method is used. Compared to the vegetation substrate spraying method, it was confirmed that the growth of the plants was almost the same. From this, it can be seen that it is sufficiently possible to use the greening soil produced by the present invention as a vegetation base. In addition, when the peat moss was added at the time of spraying (case 3-P30), the growth of the plant was better than when the peat moss was not added (case 3). This shows that adding peat moss to the soil for greening not only improves the workability during spraying, but also improves the growth of the plant after spraying.
1 緑化用土壌
10 脱水ケーキ
11A,11B 凝集剤
12 草木質の破砕物(未分解の植物発生材)
20 発酵副資材
1 Soil for greening 10 Dehydrated cake 11A, 11B Flocculant 12 Crushed material of vegetation (undegraded plant generating material)
20 Fermentation auxiliary materials
Claims (3)
未分解の草木質破砕物と、
前記未分解の草木質破砕物を発酵する耐熱性菌を活性化する、小麦フスマおよび末粉の少なくとも一方を含んだ発酵副資材とが混合され、
これらが好気的に発酵されていることを特徴とする緑化用土壌。 A dehydrated cake containing a flocculant including a polymer flocculant and an aluminum flocculant ;
Undegraded crushed vegetation ,
Activated heat-resistant bacteria that ferment the undegraded crushed vegetation , and a fermentation auxiliary material containing at least one of wheat bran and powder ,
A soil for greening, characterized by being fermented aerobically.
前記脱水ケーキおよび前記未分解の草木質破砕物の合計100質量部に対して、前記発酵副資材が0.01重量部以上〜20重量部以下混合されていることを特徴とする緑化用土壌。 In the soil for tree planting according to claim 1,
A soil for greening, wherein the fermentation auxiliary material is mixed in an amount of 0.01 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the dehydrated cake and the undecomposed crushed vegetation .
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005088167A JP4892196B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-03-25 | Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004115459 | 2004-04-09 | ||
JP2004115459 | 2004-04-09 | ||
JP2005088167A JP4892196B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-03-25 | Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005318891A JP2005318891A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
JP4892196B2 true JP4892196B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
Family
ID=35466628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005088167A Active JP4892196B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-03-25 | Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4892196B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012031007A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd | Method for efficiently producing bark compost |
JP6034879B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-11-30 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | Artificial soil aggregate and artificial soil medium |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2736837B2 (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1998-04-02 | 富士見工業 株式会社 | Microbial treatment of purified water cake |
JP2000041479A (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-15 | Hokuriku Regional Constr Bureau Ministry Of Constr | Treatment of dehydrated cake and culture material made thereof |
JP3430026B2 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2003-07-28 | 住友林業株式会社 | Vegetation base materials such as slopes and greening method |
JP2002001260A (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-08 | Nisshin Seifun Group Inc | Method for fermenting plant material |
JP4629893B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2011-02-09 | 日清製粉株式会社 | Method for promoting decomposition of organic matter in soil |
-
2005
- 2005-03-25 JP JP2005088167A patent/JP4892196B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005318891A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101392534B (en) | Method for protecting slope ecology by argillite source substrate | |
CN105714836B (en) | Oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on phosphate fertilizer control acid | |
CN101390470B (en) | Preparation method of red-layer sand slime stone interbeded slope wounded surface artificial soil | |
JP5185732B2 (en) | Greening base material and greening method using the greening base material | |
US6302936B1 (en) | Recycled soil | |
Schmid et al. | Effect of tillage and compost amendment on turfgrass establishment on a compacted sandy loam | |
JP5010808B2 (en) | Soil improvement method and soil improvement material | |
CN101390469B (en) | Preparation method of red-layer mud-stone slope wounded surface artificial soil | |
JP2007028907A (en) | Greening soil and method for producing the same | |
JP4892196B2 (en) | Greening soil, method for producing greening soil, and greening method using greening soil | |
JP2007105036A (en) | Granular material for agricultural soil | |
Brindle | Use of native vegetation and biostimulants for controlling soil erosion on steep terrain | |
JP2001086854A (en) | Culturing soil base and material for greening | |
Skrypnyk et al. | Implementation of the cascade waste use principle by application of sewage sludge on lands disturbed by mining operations | |
Kramar | Possible utilization directions of ash from biomass combustion. Biomass ash as fertilizer in agriculture | |
KR100764004B1 (en) | Composition of seed spray soil comprising sewage sludge and starfish powder, and preparation method thereof | |
RU2808737C1 (en) | Method for obtaining technogenic soil | |
Kelly | Recycled organics in mine site rehabilitation | |
El-Maghraby et al. | Ameliorating calcareous soil properties and agriculture methods for achieving the sustainable agriculture aspect | |
JP3521428B1 (en) | Greening method and plant growth base material | |
Chhabra et al. | Reclamation and Management of Alkali Soils for Crop Production | |
JP2006262822A (en) | Method for producing greening soil | |
Wahdan et al. | RESPONSE OF WHEAT-MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL TO SOME MINERAL OR CHELATED MICRONUTRIENT FORMS ADDED TO SOIL IN COMBINATION WITH SULPHUR AND ORGANIC MANURES | |
Brown et al. | Using biosolids for reclamation/remediation of disturbed soils | |
JP2007190476A (en) | Recycling process of stripped topsoil |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080220 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100127 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20101102 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101228 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110222 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110413 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20110413 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20111122 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20111219 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4892196 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20141222 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |