JP4880586B2 - 外乱の位置の評価 - Google Patents
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Description
図1は、監視ステーション12が光ファイバ16に接続されている検知システム10を示す。ファイバに沿ったロケーションが決定されなければならない動的外乱(disturbance)が、Xと呼ばれるポイントでファイバに導入される。大まかに言えば、監視ステーション12は、ファイバ16の上に検知信号を送信するように構成され、その検知信号は動的外乱によって位相変化を被る。検知信号の成分は、ファイバに沿ってレイリー後方散乱のプロセスにより返される。監視ステーション12に返される後方散乱成分は、次に、動的外乱により引き起こされた位相変化を区別するために処理される。ファイバの異なる領域から返される後方散乱成分は異なるときに監視ステーション12に達するため、外乱の位置は変調済みの後方散乱成分の帰還時から決定される。
図3は、図1の光ファイバ又は他の伝送リンク16が、どのようにして波長分割多重様式でデータを伝送できるかを示している。伝送リンク16は、伝送リンクの検知部分161につながる結合ファイバ160によってコネクタ162で監視ステーション12に結合される。(監視側から離れた)リンク16の出力端で第2の波長カプラ166が設けられる一方、結合ファイバ160からの放射線はリンク16の入力端(つまり、監視側)で第1の波長カプラ164によってリンク16の中に導入され、その結果リンク16からの光は終端ファイバ170の端部に位置する端部反射器168に結合することができ、終端ファイバ170は、第2の波長カプラ166を反射器168に接続する。送信機ステーション172と受信機ステーション174は、それぞれ第1の波長カプラと第2の波長カプラ164、166に接続される。
以下は、スカラー干渉計OTDR理論に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記実施形態の少なくともいくつかの態様の背景にある理論を説明している。外乱位置情報を示す目的で分散レイリー後方散乱信号を励起するために、パルス化されたプローブ信号を使用する干渉計OTDRの理論上の動作がやや関係している。問題は、最初に個別の反射器及び連続波励磁信号を考慮することにより最もよく理解される。
車両の位置を検知するため検知システム300は図9に示されている(前記図に関する類似する構成要素は類似する符号を有する)。ここでは、光ファイバケーブル16(伝送リンク)は、線路に沿って移動する列車304の位置を検知するために線路302に沿って延在する。ファイバケーブル16は一般的に線路302に平行な方向で延在し、好ましくは地中に、又は線路近傍のダクト内に埋設される。
Claims (15)
- 光ファイバ伝送リンク上の時間と共に変化する外乱の位置を評価する方法であって、
1組の光信号コピーを得るために、光源からの出力信号を少なくとも部分的にコピーするステップと、
前記1組の光信号コピーを前記光ファイバ伝送リンクに送信するステップと、
前記光ファイバ伝送リンクにおいて以前に送信された前記1組の光信号コピーのうちの少なくとも部分的に帰還した光信号コピーを、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクから受信するステップと、
送信された1組の光信号コピーのうちの前記受信された少なくとも部分的に帰還した光信号コピーを結合して、組み合わせ信号を生成するステップと、
前記時間と共に変化する外乱の場所を越えた場所から反射された、送信された1組の光信号コピーのうちの受信された少なくとも部分的に帰還した光信号コピーの前記組み合わせ信号の時間特性を使用して、前記光ファイバ伝送リンク上の前記外乱の位置を評価するステップと、を含む方法。 - 前記時間特性は、外乱の特長が前記組み合わせ信号に現れる時間を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 光信号コピーが、前記光信号コピーが前記光ファイバ伝送リンクに沿って移動するにつれ分散後方散乱のプロセスにより帰還する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記光源は、光パルスの形式を有する出力信号を生じさせるように構成され、
各光パルスによって組み合わせ信号を生成し、前記光パルスが前記光ファイバ伝送リンクに沿って移動するにつれ、前記組み合わせ信号は経時的に分散する、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記組み合わせ信号は、相隔たる時間位置の第1の集合と、相隔たる時間位置の第2の集合とにおいてサンプリングされ、
サンプリングされた前記第1の集合とサンプリングされた前記第2の集合は比較ステップで比較される、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の集合と第2の集合の時間位置はインタリーブされる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記比較ステップは、前記第1の集合と第2の集合の間の差異に少なくとも部分的に依存するデータの集合を生成することを含む、請求項5又は請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記光信号コピーは、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクの共通の伝送媒体に沿って伝送される、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 1組の光信号コピーが、前記1組の光信号コピーのうちのそれぞれの光信号コピー間に遅延差を有して、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクに沿って移動する、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記遅延差は、光源に結合された不均衡干渉計で引き起こされ、
前記不均衡干渉計は第1の経路と第2の経路を有し、
前記第1の経路の遷移時間は前記第2の経路の遷移時間より長く、
1組の光信号コピーのうちのそれぞれの光信号コピーは互いに異なるそれぞれの経路に沿って移動させられる、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記出力信号は、1ピコ秒未満の該出力信号と関連付けられる平均位相コヒーレンス時間を有する、請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 1組の前記光信号コピーは、該光信号コピーと関連付けられる遅延差時間を有し、
前記遅延時間が、平均位相コヒーレンス時間よりも、少なくとも1000倍長い、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記光ファイバ伝送リンクは誘導トラックに沿って延在する光チャネルを含み、
前記誘導トラックは車両の移動を誘導するように構成され、
前記光チャネルは、前記車両の移動が前記光チャネルに沿って外乱を引き起こすように構成される、請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 光ファイバ伝送リンクを監視して、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクの中の、時間と共に変化する外乱を検出する監視ステーションであって、
前記監視ステーションは、
出力信号を生成する光源と、
出力信号ごとに1組の信号コピーを得るために、前記光源からの前記出力信号を少なくとも部分的にコピーする干渉計ステージと、
前記光ファイバ伝送リンク上に前記信号コピーを送る出力と、
プロセッサ回路と、を有し、
前記干渉計ステージは、分散後方散乱のプロセスにより帰還した信号コピーを前記光ファイバ伝送リンクから受信し、前記信号コピーを結合して、干渉信号を生成するように構成され、
前記プロセッサ回路は前記帰還した信号コピーの時間特性の表示に関連付けて、前記干渉信号を記憶するように構成され、
帰還した信号の時間特性が、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクにおける前記時間と共に変化する外乱の場所を越えた場所から前記光ファイバ伝送リンクにおいて送り返された受信した1組の信号コピーを含み、前記帰還した信号の時間特性が、前記光ファイバ伝送リンクの前記時間と共に変化する外乱の場所を示す、監視ステーション。 - 前記干渉信号は時間分散信号であり、
前記プロセッサ回路は周期的に前記干渉信号をサンプリングし、サンプルごとにそれぞれの帰還時間と関連付けて前記サンプルを記憶するように構成される、請求項14に記載の監視ステーション。
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GB0407386.2 | 2004-03-31 | ||
GBGB0407386.2A GB0407386D0 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | Monitoring a communications link |
PCT/GB2005/001269 WO2005095917A2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Evaluating the position of a time-varying disturbance |
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JP2007530970A JP2007530970A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
JP2007530970A5 JP2007530970A5 (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
JP4880586B2 true JP4880586B2 (ja) | 2012-02-22 |
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US (1) | US7974182B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1747445B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4880586B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101397775B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1938575B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2560780A1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0407386D0 (ja) |
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KR101397775B1 (ko) | 2014-05-20 |
EP1747445B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CN1938575A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
EP1747445A2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
US20080232242A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
CN1938575B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
US7974182B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
WO2005095917A2 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
JP2007530970A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
WO2005095917A3 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
KR20070011418A (ko) | 2007-01-24 |
GB0407386D0 (en) | 2004-05-05 |
CA2560780A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
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