JP4866188B2 - Wire saw - Google Patents

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JP4866188B2
JP4866188B2 JP2006246798A JP2006246798A JP4866188B2 JP 4866188 B2 JP4866188 B2 JP 4866188B2 JP 2006246798 A JP2006246798 A JP 2006246798A JP 2006246798 A JP2006246798 A JP 2006246798A JP 4866188 B2 JP4866188 B2 JP 4866188B2
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pulley
pulleys
disconnection
wire saw
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JP2008068332A (en
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兼美 阿部
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株式会社阿部鐵工所
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この発明は、半導体のインゴットや光学レンズ材料のインゴットなど、脆性の高い材料の少量切断を行うのに適した、簡素かつ安価で、ランニングコストも低く抑えられるワイヤーソーに関する。   The present invention relates to a wire saw that is suitable for cutting a small amount of highly brittle materials, such as semiconductor ingots and optical lens material ingots, and that is simple and inexpensive, and can keep running costs low.

切断用のワイヤー(以下、単にワイヤーと言う)を長手方向に往復運動させてワークに擦り付け、研磨によってワークを切断するワイヤーソーには、供給リールに巻き取った長尺のワイヤを往復運動させながら巻き取りリールに向けて徐々に流していくものや、ワイヤーの両端をC型枠で支持し、C型枠をクランク機構で駆動してワークに押し付けたワイヤーを往復運動させるものなどがある。C型枠を備える後者のワイヤーソーは、往復運動中にワイヤーを回転させることはあるが、ワイヤーに送りをかけることは基本的にはなされない。   A wire saw that reciprocates a wire for cutting (hereinafter simply referred to as a wire) in the longitudinal direction and rubs it onto the workpiece, and cuts the workpiece by polishing, while reciprocating a long wire wound around a supply reel. There are those that gradually flow toward the take-up reel, and those that support both ends of the wire with a C-type frame, drive the C-type frame with a crank mechanism, and reciprocate the wire pressed against the workpiece. The latter wire saw equipped with the C-shaped frame sometimes rotates the wire during the reciprocating motion, but basically does not feed the wire.

なお、前者のワイヤーソーは、下記特許文献1−3などに開示されており、また、後者のワイヤーソーは、下記特許文献4,5などに開示されている。このほかに、下記特許文献6が開示しているものもある。
特公昭56−198号公報 特公平4−4096号公報 特公平6−88204号公報 特公昭57−26892号公報 特公昭58−54198号公報 実公昭62−40788号公報
The former wire saw is disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1-3, and the latter wire saw is disclosed in the following Patent Documents 4, 5, and the like. In addition to this, the following Patent Document 6 discloses one.
Japanese Patent Publication No.56-198 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-4096 Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-88204 Japanese Patent Publication No.57-26892 Japanese Patent Publication No.58-54198 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-40788

前掲の特許文献1−3が開示しているワイヤーソーは、ワイヤーの往復運動を、そのワイヤーを数回巻きつけた溝付きローラを正逆回転させて行わしめるが、この構造の装置は、構造の複雑化やコスト増などが避けられない。ワイヤーは300〜500kmにも及ぶような極めて長いものが一般的に使用されており、量産品の大量切断には向くが、試作材などを少量切断するときには経済的ロスの多い装置となる。   The wire saw disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1-3 performs the reciprocating motion of the wire by rotating the grooved roller around which the wire is wound several times in the forward and reverse directions. Increase in complexity and cost is inevitable. An extremely long wire having a length of 300 to 500 km is generally used, and is suitable for mass cutting of mass-produced products. However, when a small amount of a trial material or the like is cut, it becomes an apparatus with much economic loss.

これに対し、特許文献4,5が開示しているワイヤーソーは、C型枠に取り付け得る長さのワイヤーがあればよく、また、前者のワイヤーソーに比べれば構造も単純であり、少量切断に適している。しかしながら、この方式のワイヤーソーは、ワークをC型枠の開口の内側に入り込ませるので、ワークサイズが大きいとC型枠も大きくなり、そのC型枠の全体を往復運動させるためにエネルギー消費が大きく、ランニングコストが高くつく欠点がある。
また、スライドガイド部の経時摩耗などによってC型枠が運動中にがたつくことが考えられ、そのような状況になるとワイヤーの位置が振れて切断の安定性が損なわれる。
On the other hand, the wire saws disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 only need to have a length of wire that can be attached to the C-frame, and the structure is simpler than the former wire saw, and is cut in small quantities. Suitable for However, this type of wire saw allows the workpiece to enter inside the opening of the C-frame, so if the workpiece size is large, the C-frame will also be large, and energy consumption will be required to reciprocate the entire C-frame. There is a drawback that it is large and the running cost is high.
Further, it is conceivable that the C-shaped frame rattles during movement due to wear with time of the slide guide portion. In such a situation, the position of the wire is shaken and the stability of cutting is impaired.

一方、特許文献6が開示しているワイヤーソーは、反復運動する揺動アームの片端にワイヤーの一端を連結し、そのワイヤーを滑車にかけてU字状にターンさせ、ワイヤーの他端を前記揺動アームの他方の端に連結しており、揺動アームの揺動運動によってワイヤーが往復運動する。このワイヤーソーは、上述したC型枠がないためC型枠特有の欠点がない。しかしながら、ワークの移動方向にワイヤーが2列に並んで配置された状態になるため、ワークの切断は直線切りしかできない欠点がある。   On the other hand, in the wire saw disclosed in Patent Document 6, one end of a wire is connected to one end of an oscillating arm that repetitively moves, the wire is put on a pulley and turned into a U shape, and the other end of the wire is oscillated. It is connected to the other end of the arm, and the wire reciprocates by the swinging motion of the swinging arm. Since this wire saw does not have the above-mentioned C formwork, there is no defect peculiar to C formwork. However, since the wires are arranged in two rows in the movement direction of the workpiece, there is a defect that the workpiece can be cut only by a straight line.

また、ワイヤーの約半分(折り返した部分)は切断には寄与せず、ワイヤー長さが無駄に長くなって交換ワイヤーの価格が高くなる。   Further, about half of the wire (the folded portion) does not contribute to the cutting, and the wire length becomes uselessly long, and the price of the exchange wire becomes high.

この発明は、上記の問題を解決して脆性材料の少量切断に利用するワイヤーソーの価格やランニングコストの低減、性能の安定化、利用規制の緩和などを図ることを課題としている。   An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to reduce the price and running cost of a wire saw used for cutting a brittle material in a small amount, to stabilize performance, and to ease use restrictions.

上記の課題を解決するため、この発明においては、並列配置の2個のプーリと、両プーリを同調させて一定回転角で正逆回転させる駆動機構と、一端を一方のプーリに、他端を他方のプーリにそれぞれ固定して各プーリ間に張力を加えて掛け渡すワイヤーと、送り機構を有するワークテーブルとでワイヤーソーを構成した。このワイヤーソーは、前記プーリの正逆回転により各プーリの外周に対するワイヤーの巻きつけ、巻き戻しが繰り返され、その巻きつけ、巻き戻しが、一方のプーリにワイヤーが巻きつけられるときに他方のプーリのワイヤーが巻き戻され、一方のプーリのワイヤーが巻き戻されるときに他方のプーリにワイヤーが巻きつけられるように行われてワイヤーが長さ方向に往復運動し、その往復運動するワイヤーでワークテーブルに支持されたワークを擦って切断するものになっている。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, two pulleys arranged in parallel, a drive mechanism that synchronizes both pulleys and rotates them forward and backward at a constant rotation angle, one end to one pulley, and the other end A wire saw was composed of a wire fixed to the other pulley and tensioned between the pulleys, and a work table having a feed mechanism. This wire saw is repeatedly wound and unwound around the outer circumference of each pulley by forward and reverse rotation of the pulley, and when the wire is wound around one pulley, the other pulley When the wire of one pulley is unwound and the wire of one pulley is unwound, the wire is wound around the other pulley, the wire reciprocates in the length direction, and the work table is moved by the reciprocating wire. The workpiece supported on the surface is rubbed and cut.

このワイヤーソーの好ましい形態を以下に列挙する。
(1)各プーリを平行配置の回転軸に取り付け、前記駆動機構に、各回転軸にそれぞれ取り付けるタイミングベルト車と、両タイミングベルト車間に掛け渡すタイミングベルトとからなる同調機構を含ませて2個のプーリの回転を同調させるようにしたもの。
(2)前記ワイヤーを、表面にダイヤモンドの砥粒を付着させたダイヤモンドワイヤーで
構成したもの。
(3)前記送り機構によるワークテーブルの送りが、間欠的になされるようにしたもの。
(4)前記ワイヤーの断線を検知する断線検知機構を付加したもの。
(5)前記断線検知機構を、一方のプーリの外周と前記ワイヤーとの間に挟まれて保持され、前記プーリの正逆回転により検知点を反復して通過するシート片と、そのシート片を定位置で検出する光センサと、前記光センサによるシート片の検出が一定時間を経過してなされなかったときに断線判定を下す断線判定部とで構成したもの。
(6)ワイヤーによるワーク切断部に加工液を供給する加工液供給装置を付加したもの。
Preferred forms of this wire saw are listed below.
(1) Each pulley is attached to a rotation shaft arranged in parallel, and the drive mechanism includes two timing mechanisms including a timing belt wheel attached to each rotation shaft and a timing belt spanned between both timing belt vehicles. The rotation of the pulley is synchronized.
(2) The wire is composed of a diamond wire having diamond abrasive grains attached to the surface.
(3) The work table is fed intermittently by the feed mechanism.
(4) What added the disconnection detection mechanism which detects the disconnection of the said wire.
(5) A sheet piece that is held between the outer periphery of one pulley and the wire and is repeatedly held through the detection point by forward and reverse rotation of the pulley, and the sheet piece An optical sensor that detects at a fixed position, and a disconnection determination unit that makes a disconnection determination when detection of a sheet piece by the optical sensor has not been performed after a certain period of time.
(6) A machining fluid supply device for supplying a machining fluid to a workpiece cutting portion using a wire is added.

この発明のワイヤーソーは、並列配置の2個のプーリと、両プーリを同調回転させる駆動機構を設けて2個のプーリ間にワイヤーを掛け渡し、各プーリの正逆回転によってプーリ間のワイヤーを長さ方向に往復運動させるようにしたところにその特長がある。   The wire saw of the present invention is provided with two pulleys arranged in parallel and a drive mechanism for synchronously rotating both pulleys, and wires are passed between the two pulleys. Its feature is that it is reciprocated in the length direction.

2個のプーリを同調しない状態で正逆回転させると、各プーリの回転のタイミングにずれが生じ、そのずれに起因したワイヤーの張力変動が発生してワイヤーの断線などが起こり易くなるが、この発明では2個のプーリを同調させて正逆回転させるので、プーリの回転のタイミングのずれによるワイヤーの張力変動が起こらない。これにより、ワイヤーの保護効果が高まり、ワイヤー寿命も延びる。そのために、ワイヤーの両端を2個のプーリに固定し、各プーリを正逆回転させてワイヤーを長さ方向に往復運動させることが可能になった。   If the two pulleys are rotated in the forward and reverse directions without being synchronized, the rotation timing of each pulley will shift, and the wire tension will change due to the shift and the wire will break easily. In the present invention, the two pulleys are synchronized and rotated in the forward and reverse directions, so that the wire tension does not fluctuate due to the shift of the pulley rotation timing. Thereby, the protection effect of a wire increases and a wire lifetime is also extended. Therefore, both ends of the wire are fixed to two pulleys, and each pulley can be rotated forward and backward to reciprocate the wire in the length direction.

上記のように構成したワイヤーソーは、構造が簡素で安価に作れる。また、2個のプーリに対するワイヤーの巻きつけと巻き戻しを繰り返してワイヤーを往復運動させるので、C型枠を運動させるものに比べてエネルギー消費が少なく、ランニングコストが低減される。   The wire saw configured as described above has a simple structure and can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, since the wire is reciprocated by repeatedly winding and unwinding the wire with respect to the two pulleys, the energy consumption is less than that for moving the C-shaped frame, and the running cost is reduced.

また、2個のプーリを定位置で回転させてワイヤーを往復運動させるので、C型枠を運動させるものと違って運動中のワイヤーの位置の振れが起こらず、安定した切断性能が維持される。   Also, since the wire is reciprocated by rotating the two pulleys at a fixed position, unlike the case where the C-shaped frame is moved, the position of the moving wire does not move and the stable cutting performance is maintained. .

さらに、ワイヤーにターン部がないため、ワイヤーの長さが無駄に長くならず、交換ワイヤーが安価になる。また、ターン部がないために直線切り以外の切断も支障なく行える。   Furthermore, since there is no turn part in the wire, the length of the wire is not unnecessarily long, and the replacement wire is inexpensive. Further, since there is no turn portion, cutting other than straight cutting can be performed without any trouble.

なお、2個のプーリの同調回転は、クランク機構経由で動力を伝達する方法でも行えるが、それよりは、タイミングベルト車と、両タイミングベルト車間に掛け渡すタイミングベルトを使用して2個のプーリの回転を同調させるものがバックラッシュが少なくて性能が安定する。   The synchronized rotation of the two pulleys can also be performed by a method of transmitting power via the crank mechanism, but instead, two pulleys using a timing belt car and a timing belt that spans between both timing belt cars. The one that synchronizes the rotation of the motor is stable with less backlash.

また、この発明のワイヤーソーは、ワークとワイヤーの接触部に砥粒を供給しながらの切断も可能であり、この場合のワイヤーは表面に砥粒の付いていないものでよいが、表面にダイヤモンドの砥粒を付着させたダイヤモンドワイヤーを採用すると、砥粒の供給を行う必要がなく、装置がより簡素かつ安価になる。   In addition, the wire saw of the present invention can be cut while supplying abrasive grains to the contact portion between the workpiece and the wire. In this case, the wire may have no abrasive grains on the surface, but the surface may be diamond. If a diamond wire to which the abrasive grains are attached is employed, it is not necessary to supply the abrasive grains, and the apparatus becomes simpler and less expensive.

ワークテーブルを間欠送りするものは、送りと停止の周期を変化させて切断速度を調整することができる。   In the case of intermittently feeding the work table, the cutting speed can be adjusted by changing the cycle of feeding and stopping.

また、ワイヤーの断線を検知する断線検知機構を伴わせたものは、ワイヤー断線時に早期に切断警報を出すことができ、また、必要があれば装置を自動停止させることもでき、無駄な運転を防止することができる。その断線検知機構は、ワイヤーとプーリ間に挟むシート片と、そのシート片の存在を検出する光センサと、断線判定部とで構成されるものが断線検知を簡便に行えて好ましい。   In addition, a device with a disconnection detection mechanism that detects the disconnection of the wire can issue a disconnection alarm at an early stage when the wire is disconnected, and if necessary, the device can be automatically stopped, so that useless operation is possible. Can be prevented. It is preferable that the disconnection detection mechanism includes a sheet piece sandwiched between the wire and the pulley, an optical sensor that detects the presence of the sheet piece, and a disconnection determination unit because it can easily detect disconnection.

さらに、加工液供給装置を付加したものは、湿式切断がなされてワイヤーが冷却され、ワイヤーの発熱による強度低下が抑えられてワイヤー断線が減少する。   Furthermore, in the case where the machining fluid supply device is added, wet cutting is performed and the wire is cooled, strength reduction due to heat generation of the wire is suppressed, and wire breakage is reduced.

以下、この発明のワイヤーソーの実施の形態を、添付図面の図1〜図5に基づいて説明する。図示のワイヤーソーは、定尺長さのワイヤー1と、並列配置の2個のプーリ2−1,2−2と、その2個のプーリ2−1,2−2を一定の回転角で正逆回転させる駆動機構3と、ワークテーブル4と、そのワークテーブルに送りをかける送り機構5と、断線検知機構6および加工液供給装置7を組み合わせて構成されている。8は本体フレーム、9は制御ボックスである。 Embodiments of a wire saw according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings. The wire saw shown in the figure has a fixed length of wire 1, two pulleys 2 -1 and 2 -2 arranged in parallel, and two pulleys 2 -1 and 2 -2 at a fixed rotation angle. A drive mechanism 3 that rotates in reverse, a work table 4, a feed mechanism 5 that feeds the work table, a disconnection detection mechanism 6, and a machining fluid supply device 7 are combined. 8 is a main body frame, and 9 is a control box.

ここで用いたワイヤー1は、外周にダイヤモンド砥粒を電着させた市販品の、直径が0.3〜0.5mm程度のダイヤモンドワイヤーであるが、ダイヤモンド砥粒を供給しながら切断を行うワイヤーソーに採用するワイヤーは、ダイヤモンド砥粒の電着層はなくてもよい。このワイヤー1は、長さが1〜2m程度の極く短いものでよい。   The wire 1 used here is a commercially available diamond wire having a diameter of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm that is electrodeposited with diamond abrasive grains on the outer periphery, and is a wire that cuts while supplying diamond abrasive grains. The wire used for the saw may not have an electrodeposited layer of diamond abrasive grains. The wire 1 may be a very short one having a length of about 1 to 2 m.

プーリ2−1,2−2は、直径φ=300〜350mm程度のプーリであり、本体フレーム8上の軸受10に支持された平行配置の2本の回転軸11−1,11−2に取り付けられている。このプーリ2−1,2−2の外周に、ワイヤー1の両端をそれぞれ固定し、張力を加えてワイヤー1をプーリ2−1,2−2間に掛け渡している。 The pulleys 2 −1 and 2 −2 are pulleys having a diameter of about φ = 300 to 350 mm, and are attached to the two rotating shafts 11 −1 and 11 −2 that are supported in parallel by the bearing 10 on the main body frame 8. It has been. The pulley 2 -1, the outer periphery of 2-2, both ends of the wire 1 is fixed respectively, are passing over the wire 1 pulley 2 -1, between 2-2 under tension.

プーリ2−1,2−2に対するワイヤー1の端部の固定は、図4の固定具12を用いて行っている。例示の固定具12は、プーリ2−1,2−2の外周にねじ込むボルト12aと、そのボルト12aで締付ける押さえ板12bと、硬めのゴム板12cとからなる。図4に示すように、プーリ2−1,2−2の外周にワイヤー径よりも幅の狭いV溝2a(図4参照)を設け、そのV溝2aにワイヤー1の一部を入れ、ワイヤー端の外側に当てたゴム板12cを押さえ板12bで加圧してプーリ2−1,2−2とゴム板12cとの間に生じる摩擦力でワイヤー1を各プーリの外周に固定しており、ワイヤー1の付け替えが簡単に行える。なお、プーリ2−1,2−2の外周のV溝2aは、全周にわたって設けてワイヤー1の巻きつけ、巻き戻しが行われる部分をそのV溝2aに納めるようにしてもよく、外周の必要範囲のみにV溝2aを設けてワイヤー1の固定端側の一部分のみが溝に納まるようにしてもよい。 The ends of the wire 1 are fixed to the pulleys 2 -1 and 2-2 using the fixture 12 shown in FIG. Exemplary fixture 12 is composed of a bolt 12a screwed into the outer circumference of the pulley 2 -1, 2 -2, and pressing plate 12b is tightened by the bolt 12a, the rubber plate 12c stiff. As shown in FIG. 4, a V-groove 2a (see FIG. 4) narrower than the wire diameter is provided on the outer periphery of the pulleys 2-1 , 2-2 , and a part of the wire 1 is put in the V-groove 2a, and the wire The rubber plate 12c applied to the outside of the end is pressed by the pressing plate 12b, and the wire 1 is fixed to the outer periphery of each pulley by the frictional force generated between the pulleys 2-1 , 2-2 and the rubber plate 12c. The wire 1 can be easily replaced. Incidentally, the pulley 2 -1, 2 -2 V groove 2a of the outer periphery of the winding wire 1 is provided over the entire circumference, may be be paying a portion rewinding takes place to the V-groove 2a, the outer periphery The V-groove 2a may be provided only in a necessary range so that only a part on the fixed end side of the wire 1 is accommodated in the groove.

駆動機構3は、原動機3aと、その原動機の出力軸の回転を揺動運動に変換して回転軸11−1に伝達するクランク機構(てこ・クランク機構)3bと、プーリ2−2(回転軸11−2)をプーリ2−1(回転軸11−1)に同調させて回転させる同調機構3cとからなるものを示した。原動機3aはギヤードモータを用いたが、これに限定されるものではない。 Drive mechanism 3 comprises a motor 3a, a crank mechanism (lever-crank mechanism) 3b for transmitting the rotation rotary shaft 11 -1 to convert the swinging movement of the output shaft of the prime mover, the pulley 2 2 (rotation axis 11-2 ) is shown that includes a tuning mechanism 3c that rotates the pulley 2-1 (rotating shaft 11-1 ) in synchronization. The prime mover 3a uses a geared motor, but is not limited to this.

クランク機構3bは、原動機3aの出力軸の回転を揺動運動に変換して回転軸11−1に伝える。原動機3aを駆動すると、クランク機構3bの揺動アーム3dが揺動してその揺動アーム3dを固定した回転軸11−1が一定角度範囲で正逆回転する。 Crank mechanism 3b converts the rotation of the output shaft of the engine 3a in oscillating motion transmitted to the rotary shaft 11 -1. Driving motor 3a, the rotation shaft 11 -1 swinging arm 3d of the crank mechanism 3b is fixed to the swing arm 3d swings to forward and reverse rotation at a constant angular range.

同調機構3cは、回転軸11−1,11−2にそれぞれ取り付けたタイミングベルト車3e,3eと、両タイミングベルト車間に掛け渡したタイミングベルト3fとからなるものを設けており、この同調機構3cの働きによって回転軸11−2も回転軸11−1の動きに同調して正逆回転する。 Tuning mechanism 3c, the rotation shaft 11 -1, which provided one made of 11 -2 timing belt pulley 3e attached respectively, and 3e, the timing belt 3f passed over both the timing belt vehicle, the tuning mechanism 3c As a result, the rotating shaft 11-2 also rotates forward and backward in synchronization with the movement of the rotating shaft 11-1 .

ワイヤー1は、プーリ2−1に巻きつけられるときにプーリ2−2から巻き戻され、プーリ2−1から巻き戻されるときにプーリ2−2に巻きつけられるようにしており、その動作が繰り返されてワイヤー1が長さ方向に往復運動する。このとき、ワイヤー1は、プーリ2−1,2−2が同調して駆動されるため、両プーリ2−1,2−2の回転のタイミングのずれに起因した張力変動が起こらず、ワイヤー張力は安定している。なお、ワイヤー1の往復運動のストロークは、50〜100mm程度あれば十分であるが、それより大きくても構わない。 Wire 1 is unwound from the pulley 2-2 when wound on the pulley 2 -1, and as wound on the pulley 2-2 when unwound from the pulley 2 -1, the operation is repeated The wire 1 reciprocates in the length direction. At this time, the wire 1, a pulley 2 -1, 2 because -2 driven synchronously, the pulleys 2 -1, tension variation due to the deviation of the timing of the 2 -2 rotation does not occur, the wire tension Is stable. The stroke of the reciprocating motion of the wire 1 is sufficient if it is about 50 to 100 mm, but may be larger than that.

ワークテーブル4は、切断対象のワークWをテーブル上の定位置に固定するクランプ機構(図示せず。既知の機構でよい)を有している。また、テーブル送り方向に延びた長穴4aを有しており、この長穴4aにワイヤー1がワークテーブルとの干渉が起こらないように通されている。   The work table 4 has a clamp mechanism (not shown, which may be a known mechanism) that fixes the work W to be cut at a fixed position on the table. In addition, a long hole 4a extending in the table feeding direction is provided, and the wire 1 is passed through the long hole 4a so as not to interfere with the work table.

送り機構5は、スライドガイド5aとワークテーブル4を移動させる駆動源5bとを有しており、ワークテーブル4に送りをかける。駆動源5bは間欠駆動されてワークテーブル4を少しずつ間欠送りする。この間欠送りでの1回当たりの送り量と間欠送りの周期は、ワイヤー1に過度の張力が加わらない範囲に設定される。   The feed mechanism 5 has a slide guide 5 a and a drive source 5 b that moves the work table 4, and feeds the work table 4. The drive source 5b is intermittently driven to intermittently feed the work table 4 little by little. The feed amount per intermittent feed and the intermittent feed cycle are set in a range in which excessive tension is not applied to the wire 1.

断線検知機構6は、図5に示すもの、すなわち、光センサ6aと、プーリ2−2の外周とワイヤー1との間に挟まれて保持されるシート片6bと、断線判定部(断線判定回路)6cとで構成されるものを設けている。シート片6bは、白い紙などでよい。短冊状の紙片などをV字状に折り曲げてプーリ2−2の外周とワイヤー1との間に挟みこんでいる。ワイヤー1の固定端近くに、プーリ2−2が逆転するときにも巻き戻しがなされずに巻きつけ状態が維持される部分を設けてその部分にシート片6bを挟んでいる。 Disconnection detection mechanism 6, as shown in FIG. 5, i.e., an optical sensor 6a, a sheet piece 6b held pinched between the outer and the wire 1 of the pulley 2 -2, disconnection determination unit (disconnection judging circuit ) 6c is provided. The sheet piece 6b may be white paper or the like. By bending, etc. strips of paper into a V-shape and by sandwiching between the outer and the wire 1 of the pulley 2 -2. Near the fixed end of the wire 1, a portion is provided in which the winding state is maintained without being rewound even when the pulley 2-2 is reversed, and the sheet piece 6 b is sandwiched between the portions.

光センサ6aは、投光部からの投射光をシート片6bで反射させ、反射光を受光部で受けてシート片6bの存在を検知するものと、投光部からの投射光をシート片6bで遮断し、受光部の受光が止ることでシート片6bの存在を検知するものが考えられ、そのどちらを設けてもよい。   The optical sensor 6a reflects the projection light from the light projecting unit with the sheet piece 6b, receives the reflected light with the light receiving unit to detect the presence of the sheet piece 6b, and the projection light from the light projecting unit with the sheet piece 6b. And detecting the presence of the sheet piece 6b by stopping the light reception of the light receiving unit, either of which may be provided.

プーリ2−2とワイヤー1との間に挟まれて保持されたシート片6bは、ワイヤー1が断線していなければ保持状態が維持されるため、プーリの正逆回転に伴って検知点を反復して通過し、その通過が定位置に配置された光センサ6aによって周期的に検出される。一方、ワイヤー1が断線すると、シート片6bは保持状態が解かれて飛散し、光センサ6aによるシート片6bの検出がなされなくなる。従って、光センサ6aによるシート片6bの検出が一定時間を経過してなされなければワイヤー1が断線したと考えてよく、制御ボックス9内に設けた断線判定部6cで断線から早期(数秒以内)に断線判定を下して警報を出すことができる。 The sheet piece 6b sandwiched and held between the pulley 2-2 and the wire 1 maintains the holding state unless the wire 1 is disconnected, so that the detection point is repeated with forward and reverse rotation of the pulley. And the passage is periodically detected by the optical sensor 6a arranged at a fixed position. On the other hand, if the wire 1 is disconnected, the sheet piece 6b is released from the holding state and scattered, and the sheet piece 6b is not detected by the optical sensor 6a. Therefore, if the detection of the sheet piece 6b by the optical sensor 6a is not performed after a certain period of time, it may be considered that the wire 1 has been disconnected, and the disconnection determination unit 6c provided in the control box 9 is early (within several seconds) from the disconnection. An alarm can be issued by making a disconnection judgment.

また、必要があれば、ワイヤーソーの運転を自動停止させることもでき、無駄な運転をなくしてエネルギーの浪費を抑制することができる。   Further, if necessary, the operation of the wire saw can be automatically stopped, and wasteful energy can be suppressed by eliminating unnecessary operation.

なお、シート片6bは身近にある紙片などでよく、図示の断線検知機構6はその紙片などを2つに折り曲げてワイヤーとプーリ間に挟むだけであるので、断線後の機能再生が容易である。   Note that the sheet piece 6b may be a nearby piece of paper, and the disconnection detection mechanism 6 shown in the figure simply folds the piece of paper into two and sandwiches it between the wire and the pulley, so that function regeneration after the disconnection is easy. .

加工液供給装置7は、ワイヤー1によるワークWの切断部に加工液を噴射、或いは滴下させて供給する。ダイヤモンドワイヤーを使用するときの加工液は水でよい。供給後の加工液は、切断部の下方に配置したトレー7aに回収してポンプ(図示せず)で再循環させると無駄なく使用できる。この加工液供給装置7は、砥粒を含んだ加工液を供給することもでき、そのときのワイヤー1は、砥粒を含んだ表面の電着膜はなくてもよい。   The machining liquid supply device 7 supplies the machining liquid to the cutting portion of the workpiece W by the wire 1 by jetting or dropping the workpiece liquid. The working fluid when using diamond wire may be water. The supplied machining fluid can be used without waste if it is collected in the tray 7a disposed below the cutting portion and recirculated by a pump (not shown). The machining liquid supply device 7 can also supply a machining liquid containing abrasive grains, and the wire 1 at that time does not have to have an electrodeposition film on the surface containing the abrasive grains.

例示のワイヤーソーは、駆動機構3によるワイヤー1の往復運動の速度と送り機構5による間欠送りの周期を制御して切断速度を調整することができる。このワイヤーソーは、脆性の高い半導体のインゴットや光学レンズ材料のインゴットなどの切断に利用することができる。試作機で試験的に光学レンズ材料であるフッ化カルシウム(CaF2)のインゴットを切断したところ、ワイヤー切断などのトラブルを生じさせずに円滑に切断を行うことができた。ワークの切断面の性状も良好で、欠けや切り口の蛇行などは全く見られなかった。   The exemplary wire saw can adjust the cutting speed by controlling the speed of reciprocating movement of the wire 1 by the driving mechanism 3 and the period of intermittent feeding by the feeding mechanism 5. This wire saw can be used for cutting a highly brittle semiconductor ingot, an optical lens material ingot, and the like. When an ingot of calcium fluoride (CaF2), which is an optical lens material, was cut on a trial basis with a prototype, cutting could be performed smoothly without causing troubles such as wire cutting. The properties of the cut surface of the workpiece were good, and no chipping or meandering of the cut edge was observed.

実施形態のワイヤーソーの主な要素を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the main elements of the wire saw of embodiment 図1のワイヤーソーの側面図Side view of the wire saw of FIG. 図1のワイヤーソーの正面図Front view of the wire saw of FIG. プーリに対するワイヤー固定部の拡大断面図Enlarged sectional view of the wire fixing part to the pulley 断線検知機構の概要を示す斜視図Perspective view showing outline of disconnection detection mechanism

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ワイヤー
−1,2−2 プーリ
2a V溝
3 駆動機構
3a 原動機
3b クランク機構
3c 同調機構
3d 揺動アーム
3e タイミングベルト車
3f タイミングベルト
4 ワークテーブル
4a 長穴
5 送り機構
5a スライドガイド
5b 駆動源
6 断線検知機構
6a 光センサ
6b シート片
6c 断線判定部
7 加工液供給装置
8 本体フレーム
9 制御ボックス
10 軸受
11−1,11−2 回転軸
12 固定具
12a ボルト
12b 押さえ板
12c ゴム板
W ワーク
1 wire 2-1 , 2-2 pulley 2a V groove 3 drive mechanism 3a prime mover 3b crank mechanism 3c tuning mechanism 3d swing arm 3e timing belt wheel 3f timing belt 4 worktable 4a long hole 5 feed mechanism 5a slide guide 5b drive source 6 Disconnection detection mechanism 6a Optical sensor 6b Sheet piece 6c Disconnection determination unit 7 Processing fluid supply device 8 Main body frame 9 Control box 10 Bearing 11-1 , 11-2 Rotating shaft 12 Fixing tool 12a Bolt 12b Holding plate 12c Rubber plate W Workpiece

Claims (7)

並列配置の2個のプーリ(2−1,2−2)と、両プーリ(2−1,2−2)を同調させて一定回転角で正逆回転させる駆動機構(3)と、一端を一方のプーリ(2−1)に、他端を他方のプーリ(2−2)にそれぞれ固定して各プーリ間に張力を加えて掛け渡すワイヤー(1)と、送り機構(5)を有するワークテーブル(4)とを有し、前記プーリ(2−1,2−2)の正逆回転により各プーリ(2−1,2−2)の外周に対するワイヤー(1)の巻きつけ、巻き戻しが繰り返され、その巻きつけ、巻き戻しが、一方のプーリにワイヤーが巻きつけられるときに他方のプーリのワイヤーが巻き戻され、一方のプーリのワイヤーが巻き戻されるときに他方のプーリにワイヤーが巻きつけられるように行われてワイヤー(1)が長さ方向に往復運動し、その往復運動するワイヤー(1)でワークテーブル(4)に支持されたワーク(W)を擦って切断するようにしたワイヤーソー。 Two pulleys (2 −1 , 2 −2 ) arranged in parallel, a drive mechanism (3) that synchronizes both pulleys (2 −1 , 2 −2 ) and rotates them forward and backward at a constant rotation angle, and one end A workpiece having a wire (1) and a feeding mechanism (5), which are fixed to one pulley (2 -1 ) and the other end is fixed to the other pulley ( 2-2 ) and tension is applied between the pulleys. and a table (4), the pulley (2 -1, 2 -2) of the forward and reverse respective pulleys by rotating (2 -1, 2 -2) periphery winding of the wire (1) against the, rewind When the wire is wound around one pulley, the wire of the other pulley is rewound, and when the wire of one pulley is rewound, the wire is wound around the other pulley. Wire to be attached (1) Reciprocates in the longitudinal direction, a wire saw which is adapted to cut by rubbing a workpiece supported on the work table (4) (W) by a wire (1) to the reciprocating motion. 各プーリ(2−1,2−2)を平行配置の回転軸(11−1,11−2)に取り付け、前記駆動機構(3)に、各回転軸(11−1,11−2)にそれぞれ取り付けるタイミングベルト車(3e,3e)と、両タイミングベルト車間に掛け渡すタイミングベルト(3f)からなる同調機構(3c)を含ませて2個のプーリ(2−1,2−2)の回転を同調させるようにした請求項1に記載のワイヤーソー。 Each pulley (2 −1 , 2 −2 ) is attached to a rotation shaft (11 −1 , 11 −2 ) arranged in parallel, and the drive mechanism (3) is connected to each rotation shaft (11 −1 , 11 −2 ). Rotation of two pulleys (2 −1 , 2 −2 ) including a timing mechanism (3c) composed of a timing belt wheel (3e, 3e) to be attached and a timing belt (3f) spanned between both timing belt wheels The wire saw according to claim 1, wherein the two are synchronized. 前記ワイヤー(1)を、表面にダイヤモンドの砥粒を付着させたダイヤモンドワイヤーで構成した請求項1又は2に記載のワイヤーソー。   The wire saw according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire (1) is composed of a diamond wire having diamond abrasive grains attached to the surface thereof. 前記送り機構(5)によるワークテーブル(4)の送りが、間欠的になされるようにした請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のワイヤーソー。   The wire saw according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the work table (4) is intermittently fed by the feed mechanism (5). 前記ワイヤー(1)の断線を検知する断線検知機構(6)を付加した請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のワイヤーソー。   The wire saw in any one of Claims 1-4 which added the disconnection detection mechanism (6) which detects the disconnection of the said wire (1). 前記断線検知機構(6)を、一方のプーリ(2−2)の外周と前記ワイヤー(1)との間に挟まれて保持され、前記プーリの正逆回転により検知点を反復して通過するシート片(6b)と、そのシート片(6b)を定位置で検出する光センサ(6a)と、前記光センサ(6a)によるシート片の検出が一定時間を経過してなされなかったときに断線判定を下す断線判定部(6c)とで構成した請求項5に記載のワイヤーソー。 The disconnection detection mechanism (6) is sandwiched and held between the outer periphery of one pulley ( 2-2 ) and the wire (1) and repeatedly passes through the detection point by forward and reverse rotation of the pulley. Disconnection when the sheet piece (6b), the optical sensor (6a) for detecting the sheet piece (6b) at a fixed position, and the detection of the sheet piece by the optical sensor (6a) are not performed after a certain period of time. The wire saw according to claim 5, comprising a disconnection determination section (6c) that makes a determination. ワイヤー(1)によるワーク切断部に加工液を供給する加工液供給装置(7)を付加した請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のワイヤーソー。   The wire saw according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a machining liquid supply device (7) for supplying a machining liquid to a workpiece cutting portion by the wire (1).
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