JP4864185B2 - Operation method of water supply equipment - Google Patents

Operation method of water supply equipment Download PDF

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JP4864185B2
JP4864185B2 JP34196399A JP34196399A JP4864185B2 JP 4864185 B2 JP4864185 B2 JP 4864185B2 JP 34196399 A JP34196399 A JP 34196399A JP 34196399 A JP34196399 A JP 34196399A JP 4864185 B2 JP4864185 B2 JP 4864185B2
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water
pump
pressure
water supply
amount
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JP2001153056A (en
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薫 中島
博和 浜田
薫 八木
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、給水装置に係り、特にポンプを使用して、集合住宅、ビル等に水道水等の給水を行う給水装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図1は、一般的な水道本管に直結される形式の給水装置の構成例を示す。この給水装置は、ポンプ11を備え、水道本管等に直結された流入管12を介して流入する水を該ポンプ11で加圧して、吐出管13から末端の需要家の給水栓に給水を行う。ポンプ11の吐出側には逆止弁15が配設され、ポンプが停止した時に水の逆流を防止している。更に圧力タンク16を備え、ポンプ11で加圧された水を蓄圧することで、ポンプの頻繁な始動停止を避けるようにしている。又、吐出管13の圧力タンクの近傍には、ポンプ吐出側の圧力を検出する圧力センサ17を備え、ここで検出された圧力信号は制御盤19に伝達され、ポンプの運転制御に用いられる。
【0003】
同様に、流入管12にもポンプ流入側の圧力センサ18を備え、この信号が制御盤19に伝達され、ポンプの運転制御に用いられる。制御盤19には、インバータ装置を備え、ポンプ11に可変周波数・電圧を供給することで、ポンプ11の回転速度を任意に制御する。従って、ポンプ吐出側の圧力を圧力センサ17で検出し、このポンプ吐出側圧力が一定となるようにポンプの回転速度を変化させることで、ポンプ吐出側の圧力を目標圧力値に制御することができる。又、制御盤19は運転対象ポンプの選択及び始動停止、更には例えばポンプの温度異常等の各種の異常信号の検出と、警報の発令等を行う。
【0004】
そして、この給水装置には極少水量を検出するフロースイッチ20を備え、この信号が制御盤19に伝達される。そして、フロースイッチ20が極少水量を検知すると、制御盤19はその信号を受けてポンプを一定時間運転することで圧力タンク16に蓄圧し、その後ポンプの運転を停止するいわゆる少水量停止機能を備えている。この機能は夜間等の使用水量が極端に低減した時に、ポンプの頻繁な始動停止を防止し、又ポンプの空運転を防止することができる。このような少水量停止動作としては、極少水量検出時のそのままの圧力で停止し、停止した後に吐出側圧力が目標圧力より所定値だけ低下した時に、再びポンプを始動するか、少水量停止前に一旦ポンプの吐出圧力を加圧して圧力タンクに蓄圧した後にポンプを停止し、吐出側の圧力が目標圧力より所定値だけ低下した時にポンプを再始動する。
【0005】
ところで、水道水等の供給に際しては、一般に量水器を取付け、使用水量を計量することが行われている。このような給水装置を水道本管に直結した直結型給水装置として使用する場合には、給水装置の流入管に量水器21を取り付け、また各需要家ごとにも量水器22を取り付けて使用する場合がある。給水装置の流入側に取り付けられる量水器21は、供給される全体の水量を計量するため、例えば40mmφの配管に量水器が取り付けられる。他方で、需要家末端の各戸に吐出管13より供給される水が分配して供給されるが、これらの各戸には例えば20〜25mmφの配管に量水器22が取り付けられる。このように給水装置の流入側で全体の水の使用量を計量し、給水装置の吐出側に分岐された各配管の各量水器22の合計の水の使用量を比較すると、極めて小さな水量で長時間連続使用されると両者に積算水量の相違が生じる場合があることが知られている。この現象は、流入側の積算水量が吐出側の合計積算水量よりも大きくなり、上述した少水量停止動作に関連して発生し、量水器の過進現象と呼ばれている。例えば、比較的小規模の給水装置で、一部の需要家に量水器を設置せずに、流入側に設けた量水器21から需要家側に設けた量水器22の使用量の合計を差引いて量水器のない需要家の使用水量を算定する場合に問題が生じる可能性がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上述した事情に鑑みて為されたもので、係る量水器の過進現象を低減し、正確に使用水量の積算が可能な給水装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、ポンプと、前記ポンプの吐出管に接続された圧力タンクと、前記ポンプの吐出側の圧力を検出する圧力センサと、前記ポンプの回転速度を制御するインバータ装置を備えた制御盤と、前記ポンプに流入する水を計量する量水器とを備え、該量水器で計量された水を前記ポンプを用いて加圧して末端需要家に送水する給水装置の運転方法であって、該給水装置は使用水量が極少水量になった時に、前記圧力タンクに蓄圧し、その後前記ポンプの運転を停止する少水量停止機能を備え、前記給水装置は、少水量停止時に前記ポンプの吐出圧力を上昇させて前記圧力タンクに蓄圧する際に、前記ポンプの吐出圧力を3かけて水頭で5〜7m上昇させた場合に、前記量水器に過進現象が発生する給水装置であり、前記少水量停止時における前記ポンプの吐出圧力の上昇圧の水頭を3m以下とし、前記ポンプの吐出圧力を上昇させる時間を30秒以上として前記量水器の過進現象を抑制することを特徴とする給水装置の運転方法である。
【0008】
量水器の過進現象は、少水量停止動作時の急激な流入側流量の変化に起因して発生するものと考えられる。このため、少水量停止動作時に流入側流量の変化を緩やかに行うように給水装置の諸条件を設定することで、量水器の過進現象を緩和してこれを低減することが可能となる。係る給水装置によれば、その流入側に量水器を設けた場合においても、過進現象の発生量が少ないので安心して使用することが可能となる。
【0009】
使用水量が極端に低減した状態で、少水量停止動作が行われると、多かれ少なかれタンクに水を蓄圧するため、パルス状の流入量の変化が生じる。量水器の過進現象はこのパルス状の流入量の変化に起因すると考えられ、この発生頻度を減らすことで、過進現象を低減することが可能となる。
【0010】
また、本発明の一参考例は、少水量停止時に蓄圧する圧力タンクの容量を低減するものである。これにより、少水量停止時に生じるパルス的な流入量の変化量が小さくなるため、量水器の過進現象を低減することができる。
【0011】
明で、少水量停止時に蓄圧する際に、上昇圧を小とし、及び/又は、ゆっくり上昇させる。これにより、同様に少水量停止時の急激な流入量の変化を防止し、量水器の過進現象を低減することができる。
【0012】
また、本発明の好ましい態様では、前記少水量停止後のポンプ始動時に、ソフトスタートの加速時間を長く設定する。これにより、同様に少水量停止動作時の急激な流入量の変化を緩和し、流水器の過進現象を低減することができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の実施形態の前提となる給水装置の一構成例を示し、各機器の構成は上述した通りである。図2は、少水量停止動作時の吐出圧力及び流量等を示す図である。
【0014】
まず、量水器の過進現象は、ポンプの通常の供給水量の運転時には発生しない。これが発生するのは、例えば夜間等の極端に使用水量が低減した時間帯であり、少水量停止動作に伴って生じることが知られている。図2において、時刻t1迄の吐出流量と流入流量が一致している場合には、これらの水量は同一であり特に問題が生じない。この流量がポンプの少水量停止動作を行う流量よりも低い場合が長時間継続した時に問題となる。
【0015】
例えば10L/min程度以下でフロースイッチ20が動作する場合には、所定の検知時間の経過後に少水量停止動作に入る。この場合時刻t1でポンプ速度を0としポンプを停止する。しかしながら需要家末端では極少水量ではあるが水流が継続するので、この水は圧力タンク16で蓄圧された水が供給され、吐出流量は変わらない。そして圧力センサ17で検出される吐出側圧力は、図示するように緩やかに低下していく。そして、ポンプ始動圧力p1に到達すると、ポンプがソフトスタートにより始動する。ポンプが時刻t1で停止後は流入流量はゼロとなるが、ポンプが始動すると流入流量が突然増大するが、末端需要家側が殆ど締め切り状態であるので、主として圧力タンクが蓄圧される。
【0016】
ポンプが始動し吐出側の圧力を確保するべく回転速度を上げるが、この時に吐出側の必要流量以上に圧力タンクに蓄圧され、流入側の水量の方が多くなり、図示するように流入流量はパルス状となり、この時、吐出圧力は所定圧力p2に対してオーバシュートするようになる。このため、流入流量は圧力タンクに蓄圧後に時刻t3迄一旦ゼロとなり、オーバシュート状態の回復と共に定常状態となり、ポンプは所定の回転速度で運転され、極少水量ではあるが吐出流量と流入流量が等しくなった状態で運転が継続される。従って、このような少水量停止動作時の流入流量のパルス状の変化により、量水器の羽根車が慣性で空回りして過進現象が生じるものと考えられる。
【0017】
図3乃至図6は、係る過進現象を低減するための各種の手段を示す。図3は、少水量停止動作の発生頻度を低減することによるもので、図3(a)は従来の少水量停止動作の発生頻度を示し、図3(b)は改良した状態における少水量停止動作の発生頻度を示す。上述したように量水器の過進現象は少水量停止動作により発生するものであるので、この発生頻度を減らすことにより、量水器の過進量をこれに比例して低減できる。この少水量停止動作の発生頻度の低減は、フロースイッチが最初に少水量状態であることを検出してから、所定時間経過後にもなお少水量停止状態が継続することを確認して少水量停止状態に入るものであるので、この検出タイマの設定時間を長くすることにより少水量停止動作の頻度を下げることができる。又、少水量停止後にポンプが再始動した際に再び少水量状態が検出されても一定期間運転するように遅延タイマを動作させている。この遅延タイマの設定時間を長くすることにより同様に少水量停止動作の発生頻度を低減することができる。このような対策により図3(b)は、少水量停止動作頻度を約半分に減らした場合を示している。
【0018】
図4は、圧力タンクを小さくした場合を示す。図4(a)は、従来の圧力タンク16の大きさが例えば約20Lであったとする。この場合に流入流量は、上述したようにパルス状となる。そして、図4(b)は、圧力タンク16の容量を例えば約10L程度と小型にした場合である。このようにすることにより、図4(b)に示すように、流入流量のパルスの高さが低減し、これにより量水器の過進現象を低減することができる。
【0019】
図5は、少水量停止水量の検出後に更に加圧して蓄圧運転を行う場合を示す。図中点線は従来の方法を示し、実線は本発明の実施形態例を示す。時刻t1で蓄圧運転動作を開始する場合には、ポンプ11の回転速度を上昇させ、従来は水頭5〜7m程度の吐出圧力を3秒程度で上昇させ、所定の時間の運転を継続する。この時、流入流量は、圧力タンク16に水が蓄圧されるため、図5(b)に示すようにパルス状に流入する。本発明の実施の形態では、蓄圧運転時の上昇圧を3m程度に低減する。そして、蓄圧をゆっくり行うようにする。例えば、従来3秒程度で上昇させていたのに対して、例えば30秒程度かけてゆっくり吐出圧力を上昇させる。このようにゆっくり上昇させても需要家側で殆ど水が使用されていない状態であるので、需要家側に及ぼす影響が殆どない。このようにすることで、図5(b)に示すように流入流量のパスルの山が低くなり、これにより量水器の過進現象が低減される。なお、蓄圧運転時の上昇圧を低下させることと、蓄圧運転時の吐出圧力をゆっくり上昇させることとはそれぞれ独立に行ってもよく、又両者を併用するようにしても良い。
【0020】
図6は、少水量停止後のポンプの再始動時の加速時間を長く設定することによる対策を示す。図中点線は従来の方法を示し、実線は本実施形態例による方法を示す。少水量がフロースイッチ20で検出され、所定時間の運転の経過後時刻t1でポンプの速度をゼロとし、ポンプの運転を停止する。すると、吐出圧力が徐々に低下し、圧力p1に到達するとポンプを再始動する。この時のポンプの速度の上昇が従来は図中点線で示すように例えば1秒程度であった。このポンプ速度を目標吐出圧力となる速度迄の上昇時間を図中実線で示すように3秒程度と長くする。このようにすることによって、ポンプの再始動時にタンクに蓄圧される流入流量が図示するようにそのパルスの山が著しく低減し、連続的に定常状態につながる。これにより量水器の過進現象が著しく低減される。なお、吐出圧力はオーバシュートを生じることなく、滑らかに目標吐出圧力に到達する。なお、吐出流量はポンプの停止時にも圧力タンク16から水が末端需要家側に供給されるので、ポンプの運転停止状態にも拘わらず、一定量が供給される。なお、このようにポンプ始動時の吐出圧力のオーバーシュートをなくすことで、有効に量水器の過進現象を防止できるが、ポンプの運転速度制御系のPI制御のゲインを下げる、又は積分値を上げる等の対策により、同様に滑らかなポンプの再始動を行うことができる。
【0021】
以上に各種の量水器の過進現象を抑制するための対策例を示したが、これらの組合せ、或いは変形例を用いて更に過進現象の抑制を行うことができることは勿論である。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、水道本管等に直結される給水装置において、その流入側に量水器を設置した場合においても、その量水器の過進現象を防止して正確な使用水量の積算が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】給水装置の概要を示す図である。
【図2】少水量停止動作時の、吐出圧力、吐出流量、流入流量、ポンプ速度をそれぞれ示す図である。
【図3】少水量停止動作の発生頻度を示す図であり、(a)は従来例を示し、(b)は本発明の実施の形態例を示す。
【図4】少水量停止動作時の流入流量を示す図であり、(a)は従来の通常のサイズの圧力タンクを採用した場合を示し、(b)は本発明の実施形態例の小さな容量の圧力タンクを採用した場合を示す。
【図5】少水量停止動作時の(a)吐出圧力、(b)流入流量を示す図であり、図中点線は従来の上昇圧及び速度の蓄圧運転を示し、図中実線は本発明の実施形態例の上昇圧及び速度の蓄圧運転を示す。
【図6】少水量停止動作時の、吐出圧力、吐出流量、流入流量、ポンプ速度をそれぞれ示す図であり、図中点線は従来のポンプ再始動時の加速時間の例を示し、図中実線は本発明の実施形態例のポンプ再始動時の加速時間の例を示す。
【符号の説明】
11 ポンプ
12 流入管
13 吐出管
15 逆止弁
16 圧力タンク
17,18 圧力センサ
19 制御盤
20 フロースイッチ
21 流入側量水器
22 需要家側量水器
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water supply apparatus, and more particularly to a water supply apparatus that supplies water such as tap water to an apartment house or a building using a pump.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a water supply device of a type directly connected to a general water main. This water supply apparatus includes a pump 11, pressurizes water flowing in through an inflow pipe 12 directly connected to a main water pipe or the like with the pump 11, and supplies water to a water tap of a consumer at the end from the discharge pipe 13. Do. A check valve 15 is disposed on the discharge side of the pump 11 to prevent back flow of water when the pump is stopped. Further, a pressure tank 16 is provided to accumulate the water pressurized by the pump 11 so as to avoid frequent starting and stopping of the pump. A pressure sensor 17 for detecting the pressure on the discharge side of the pump is provided in the vicinity of the pressure tank of the discharge pipe 13, and the pressure signal detected here is transmitted to the control panel 19 and used for operation control of the pump.
[0003]
Similarly, the inflow pipe 12 is also provided with a pressure sensor 18 on the pump inflow side, and this signal is transmitted to the control panel 19 for use in controlling the operation of the pump. The control panel 19 includes an inverter device, and supplies a variable frequency / voltage to the pump 11 to arbitrarily control the rotation speed of the pump 11. Accordingly, the pressure on the pump discharge side is detected by the pressure sensor 17, and the pump discharge side pressure is controlled to the target pressure value by changing the rotation speed of the pump so that the pump discharge side pressure becomes constant. it can. The control panel 19 selects and starts / stops the operation target pump, detects various abnormal signals such as an abnormal temperature of the pump, and issues an alarm.
[0004]
The water supply device is provided with a flow switch 20 that detects an extremely small amount of water, and this signal is transmitted to the control panel 19. When the flow switch 20 detects an extremely small amount of water, the control panel 19 receives the signal and accumulates pressure in the pressure tank 16 by operating the pump for a certain period of time, and then has a so-called small water amount stop function for stopping the operation of the pump. ing. This function can prevent frequent start and stop of the pump when the amount of water used is extremely reduced at night and the like, and can also prevent idling of the pump. As such a small water volume stop operation, the pump stops at the same pressure at the time of detecting an extremely small water volume, and when the discharge side pressure drops by a predetermined value from the target pressure after stopping, the pump is started again, or before the small water volume stoppage Then, once the discharge pressure of the pump is increased and accumulated in the pressure tank, the pump is stopped, and the pump is restarted when the pressure on the discharge side decreases by a predetermined value from the target pressure.
[0005]
By the way, when supplying tap water or the like, generally, a water meter is attached and the amount of water used is measured. When such a water supply device is used as a directly connected water supply device directly connected to a water main, a water meter 21 is attached to the inflow pipe of the water supply device, and a water meter 22 is attached to each consumer. May be used. The water meter 21 attached to the inflow side of the water supply device is attached to, for example, a 40 mmφ pipe in order to measure the total amount of water supplied. On the other hand, water supplied from the discharge pipe 13 is distributed and supplied to each door at the end of the consumer. A water meter 22 is attached to a pipe of, for example, 20 to 25 mmφ in each of these doors. In this way, when the total amount of water used is measured on the inflow side of the water supply device and the total amount of water used in each water meter 22 of each pipe branched to the discharge side of the water supply device is compared, the amount of water is extremely small. It is known that when used continuously for a long time, there may be a difference in the accumulated water amount between the two. This phenomenon occurs when the accumulated water volume on the inflow side is larger than the total accumulated water volume on the discharge side, and is related to the above-described operation for stopping the small water volume, and is called a water meter overrun phenomenon. For example, in a relatively small-scale water supply device, the amount of usage of the water meter 22 provided on the consumer side is changed from the water meter 21 provided on the inflow side without installing the water meter on some consumers. Problems may arise when calculating the amount of water used by consumers without water meters by subtracting the total.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and it aims at providing the water supply apparatus which can reduce the excessive phenomenon of the water meter which concerns, and can accumulate | store the amount of used water correctly.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a pump, a pressure tank connected to the discharge pipe of the pump, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure on the discharge side of the pump, and a control panel including an inverter device for controlling the rotational speed of the pump; An operation method of a water supply apparatus comprising a metering device for metering water flowing into the pump, pressurizing the water metered by the metering device using the pump, and sending the water to an end consumer, The water supply device has a small water volume stop function for accumulating pressure in the pressure tank when the amount of water used becomes extremely small, and then stopping the operation of the pump, and the water supply device discharges the pump when the low water volume is stopped. when accumulated in the pressure tank was elevated to a discharge pressure of the pump over a period of 3 seconds in the case of raising the 5 to 7 m water head in the water supply device over-advanced symptoms to the water meter Yes, at the time of the small water stoppage The water supply device is characterized in that the head of the pump discharge pressure is increased to 3 m or less, and the time for increasing the discharge pressure of the pump is set to 30 seconds or more to suppress the excessive phenomenon of the water meter. This is the driving method.
[0008]
It is considered that the overrun phenomenon of the water meter occurs due to a sudden change in the flow rate on the inflow side during the operation of stopping a small amount of water. For this reason, by setting various conditions of the water supply device so as to gently change the flow rate on the inflow side during the operation of stopping the small amount of water, it becomes possible to alleviate the excessive phenomenon of the water meter and reduce it. . According to such a water supply apparatus, even when a water meter is provided on the inflow side, the amount of occurrence of the over-travel phenomenon is small, so that it can be used with confidence.
[0009]
Used in a state where water amount is extremely reduced, the small amount of water stopping operation is performed, for accumulating the water in more or less tank, change of the pulse-shaped inflow occurs. It is considered that the overrun phenomenon of the water meter is caused by the change in the inflow amount in the pulse form, and it is possible to reduce the over advance phenomenon by reducing the occurrence frequency.
[0010]
Another aspect exemplary embodiment of the present invention is to be that to reduce the capacity of the pressure tank for accumulating the time of low water stopped. As a result, the amount of change in the pulsed inflow that occurs when the small amount of water stops is reduced, so that the overrun phenomenon of the water meter can be reduced.
[0011]
In this onset bright, when accumulator during low water stopped, the upper boosting small cities, and / or Ru slowly increased. Thereby, the rapid change of the inflow amount at the time of the stop of the small water amount can be similarly prevented, and the excessive phenomenon of the water meter can be reduced.
[0012]
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, prior to Kisukuna water when it stopped after the pump start-up of, to set a longer acceleration time of the soft start. Thereby, the rapid change of the inflow amount at the time of the operation for stopping the small amount of water can be eased similarly, and the overrun phenomenon of the water flow device can be reduced.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a water supply apparatus which is a premise of the embodiment of the present invention, and the configuration of each device is as described above. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the discharge pressure, the flow rate, and the like during the operation of stopping a small amount of water.
[0014]
First, the overrun phenomenon of the water meter does not occur during the normal operation of the pump. It is known that this occurs in a time zone in which the amount of water used is extremely reduced, such as at night, and is accompanied by a small water amount stop operation. In FIG. 2, when the discharge flow rate and the inflow flow rate up to the time t1 coincide with each other, these water amounts are the same and no particular problem occurs. When this flow rate is lower than the flow rate at which the pump stops the small amount of water, it becomes a problem when it continues for a long time.
[0015]
For example, when the flow switch 20 is operated at a speed of about 10 L / min or less, the operation for stopping a small amount of water starts after a predetermined detection time has elapsed. In this case, at time t1, the pump speed is set to 0 and the pump is stopped. However, since the water flow continues at the consumer end, although the water flow continues, this water is supplied with the water accumulated in the pressure tank 16, and the discharge flow rate does not change. The discharge side pressure detected by the pressure sensor 17 gradually decreases as shown in the figure. When the pump starting pressure p1 is reached, the pump is started by a soft start. After the pump stops at time t1, the inflow rate becomes zero, but when the pump starts, the inflow rate suddenly increases. However, since the end consumer side is almost closed, the pressure tank is mainly accumulated.
[0016]
The pump is started and the rotational speed is increased to ensure the pressure on the discharge side.At this time, the pressure tank accumulates more than the required flow rate on the discharge side, and the amount of water on the inflow side increases. At this time, the discharge pressure overshoots the predetermined pressure p2. For this reason, the inflow rate once becomes zero until time t3 after accumulating in the pressure tank, and becomes a steady state with the recovery of the overshoot state. The pump is operated at a predetermined rotational speed, and the discharge flow rate and the inflow rate are the same even though the amount of water is extremely small. Operation is continued in this state. Therefore, it is considered that the impeller of the water meter idles due to inertia due to the pulse-like change of the inflow flow rate during the operation of stopping the small amount of water, and the overtravel phenomenon occurs.
[0017]
3 to 6 show various means for reducing such over-travel phenomenon. FIG. 3 shows a result of reducing the occurrence frequency of the small water amount stop operation. FIG. 3 (a) shows the occurrence frequency of the conventional small water amount stop operation, and FIG. 3 (b) shows the small water amount stop operation in the improved state. Indicates the frequency of operation. As described above, the overrun phenomenon of the water meter is caused by the operation of stopping the small amount of water. Therefore, by reducing the frequency of occurrence, the amount of overrun of the water meter can be reduced in proportion thereto. To reduce the frequency of occurrence of this low water volume stop operation, it is confirmed that the low water volume stop state continues even after a lapse of a predetermined time after the flow switch first detects that the water volume is low. Since it enters the state, the frequency of the low water quantity stop operation can be lowered by lengthening the set time of the detection timer. In addition, the delay timer is operated so as to operate for a certain period even if the low water amount state is detected again when the pump is restarted after the low water amount is stopped. Similarly, by increasing the set time of the delay timer, the frequency of occurrence of the low water volume stop operation can be reduced. FIG. 3 (b) shows a case where the small water amount stop operation frequency is reduced to about half by such measures.
[0018]
FIG. 4 shows a case where the pressure tank is reduced. In FIG. 4A, it is assumed that the size of the conventional pressure tank 16 is about 20 L, for example. In this case, the inflow flow rate is pulsed as described above. FIG. 4B shows a case where the capacity of the pressure tank 16 is reduced to about 10 L, for example. By doing in this way, as shown in FIG.4 (b), the height of the pulse of an inflow flow rate can reduce, and, thereby, the excessive phenomenon of a water meter can be reduced.
[0019]
FIG. 5 shows a case where the pressure accumulation operation is performed by further pressurizing after the detection of the small water amount stop water amount. In the figure, a dotted line indicates a conventional method, and a solid line indicates an embodiment of the present invention. When the pressure accumulation operation is started at time t1, the rotational speed of the pump 11 is increased, and conventionally, the discharge pressure of about 5 to 7 m of water head is increased in about 3 seconds, and the operation for a predetermined time is continued. At this time, since the water is accumulated in the pressure tank 16, the inflow rate flows in a pulse shape as shown in FIG. In the embodiment of the present invention, the upper pressure increase during the pressure accumulation operation is reduced to about 3 m. Then, the pressure accumulation is performed slowly. For example, the discharge pressure is increased slowly over about 30 seconds, for example, compared to the conventional increase over about 3 seconds. Thus, even if it raises slowly, since it is a state in which almost no water is used on the consumer side, there is almost no influence on the consumer side. By doing in this way, as shown in FIG.5 (b), the peak of the inflow flow rate pulse becomes low, thereby reducing the excessive phenomenon of the water meter. Note that lowering the upper pressure increase during the pressure accumulation operation and slowly increasing the discharge pressure during the pressure accumulation operation may be performed independently, or both may be used in combination.
[0020]
FIG. 6 shows a countermeasure by setting a longer acceleration time when the pump is restarted after stopping a small amount of water. In the figure, a dotted line indicates a conventional method, and a solid line indicates a method according to this embodiment. A small amount of water is detected by the flow switch 20, and at the time t1 after the operation for a predetermined time has elapsed, the pump speed is set to zero and the pump operation is stopped. Then, the discharge pressure gradually decreases, and when the pressure reaches p1, the pump is restarted. The increase in pump speed at this time has conventionally been, for example, about 1 second as indicated by the dotted line in the figure. The increase time until the pump speed reaches the target discharge pressure is increased to about 3 seconds as shown by the solid line in the figure. By doing so, the peak of the pulse is remarkably reduced as shown in the flow rate of the inflow accumulated in the tank when the pump is restarted, and the steady state is continuously obtained. This significantly reduces the overrun phenomenon of the water meter. Note that the discharge pressure smoothly reaches the target discharge pressure without causing overshoot. Since the discharge flow rate is supplied from the pressure tank 16 to the end consumer side even when the pump is stopped, a constant amount is supplied regardless of the operation stop state of the pump. It should be noted that the overshoot phenomenon of the water meter can be effectively prevented by eliminating the overshoot of the discharge pressure at the time of starting the pump in this way, but the PI control gain of the pump operation speed control system is reduced, or the integral value As a result of measures such as increasing the pressure, the pump can be restarted smoothly as well.
[0021]
Although the example of a countermeasure for suppressing the excessive phenomenon of various water meters has been described above, it is needless to say that the excessive phenomenon can be further suppressed by using a combination or modification thereof.
[0022]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above, according to the present invention, in a water supply apparatus directly connected to a water main or the like, even when a water meter is installed on the inflow side thereof, the overrun phenomenon of the water meter is prevented. Accurate accumulation of water usage is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a water supply apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a discharge pressure, a discharge flow rate, an inflow flow rate, and a pump speed, respectively, during a small water amount stop operation.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the frequency of occurrence of a low water volume stop operation, where FIG. 3A shows a conventional example, and FIG. 3B shows an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an inflow rate during a small water volume stop operation, where FIG. 4A shows a case where a pressure tank of a conventional normal size is employed, and FIG. 4B shows a small capacity of an embodiment of the present invention. The case where the pressure tank is adopted is shown.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing (a) discharge pressure and (b) inflow rate at the time of stopping a small amount of water. The dotted line in the figure shows the conventional upper pressure increase and speed accumulation operation, and the solid line in the figure shows the present invention. The upper pressure increase and speed accumulation operation of the example embodiment are shown.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing discharge pressure, discharge flow rate, inflow flow rate, and pump speed when a small amount of water is stopped. The dotted line in the figure shows an example of acceleration time when restarting a conventional pump, and the solid line in the figure. These show the example of the acceleration time at the time of the pump restart of the embodiment of this invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Pump 12 Inflow pipe 13 Discharge pipe 15 Check valve 16 Pressure tanks 17 and 18 Pressure sensor 19 Control panel 20 Flow switch 21 Inflow side water meter 22 Consumer side water meter

Claims (2)

ポンプと、前記ポンプの吐出管に接続された圧力タンクと、前記ポンプの吐出側の圧力を検出する圧力センサと、前記ポンプの回転速度を制御するインバータ装置を備えた制御盤と、前記ポンプに流入する水を計量する量水器とを備え、該量水器で計量された水を前記ポンプを用いて加圧して末端需要家に送水する給水装置の運転方法であって、
該給水装置は使用水量が極少水量になった時に、前記圧力タンクに蓄圧し、その後前記ポンプの運転を停止する少水量停止機能を備え、
前記給水装置は、少水量停止時に前記ポンプの吐出圧力を上昇させて前記圧力タンクに蓄圧する際に、前記ポンプの吐出圧力を3かけて水頭で5〜7m上昇させた場合に、前記量水器に過進現象が発生する給水装置であり、
前記少水量停止時における前記ポンプの吐出圧力の上昇圧の水頭を3m以下とし、前記ポンプの吐出圧力を上昇させる時間を30秒以上として前記量水器の過進現象を抑制することを特徴とする給水装置の運転方法。
A pump, a pressure tank connected to a discharge pipe of the pump, a pressure sensor for detecting a pressure on the discharge side of the pump, a control panel including an inverter device for controlling a rotation speed of the pump, and the pump An operation method of a water supply device comprising a metering device for metering inflowing water, pressurizing the water metered by the metering device using the pump, and sending the water to an end user,
The water supply device has a small water amount stop function for accumulating pressure in the pressure tank when the amount of water used becomes extremely small, and then stopping the operation of the pump,
The water supply apparatus, when accumulated in the pressure tank by increasing the discharge pressure of the pump when the low water stop, when raising the 5 to 7 m water head over the discharge pressure of the pump 3 seconds, A water supply device in which a overrun phenomenon occurs in the water meter;
To suppress the overrun phenomenon of the water meter by setting the head of the pressure increase of the discharge pressure of the pump at the time of stopping the small amount of water to 3 m or less and the time for increasing the discharge pressure of the pump to 30 seconds or more. A method for operating a water supply device.
前記給水装置は、前記少水量停止後の前記ポンプ始動時に、ソフトスタートの加速時間を1秒としたときに、前記量水器に過進現象が発生する給水装置であり、
前記ソフトスタートの加速時間を3秒以上として前記量水器の過進現象を抑制することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の給水装置の運転方法。
The water supply device is a water supply device in which an overtravel phenomenon occurs in the water meter when the soft start acceleration time is 1 second when the pump is started after the small amount of water is stopped.
The operation method of the water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an acceleration time of the soft start is set to 3 seconds or more to suppress an overtravel phenomenon of the water meter.
JP34196399A 1999-12-01 1999-12-01 Operation method of water supply equipment Expired - Lifetime JP4864185B2 (en)

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JPH03123820A (en) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-27 Aichi Tokei Denki Co Ltd Flow rate sensor and flowmeter for fluid and fluid supply device including them
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CN103541890A (en) * 2013-10-30 2014-01-29 房飞 Self-sucking pump
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