JP4864059B2 - Heat pump water heater - Google Patents

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JP4864059B2
JP4864059B2 JP2008250160A JP2008250160A JP4864059B2 JP 4864059 B2 JP4864059 B2 JP 4864059B2 JP 2008250160 A JP2008250160 A JP 2008250160A JP 2008250160 A JP2008250160 A JP 2008250160A JP 4864059 B2 JP4864059 B2 JP 4864059B2
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refrigerant
heat pump
water heater
pump water
compressor
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JP2010078285A (en
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謙作 畑中
宗 野本
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

本発明は、可燃性冷媒を用いた冷媒回路を備えたヒートポンプ給湯機に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a heat pump water heater provided with a refrigerant circuit using a combustible refrigerant.

空調機、冷蔵庫などの冷凍機器に備えられた冷媒回路に用いる冷媒として、地球温暖化係数の小さな二酸化炭素、炭化水素などの自然冷媒が使用されている。
冷媒回路を有する冷凍機器のなかで、家庭用のヒートポンプ給湯機は、冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いているものが多い。また、可燃性である炭化水素系冷媒も二酸化炭素と同様に、地球温暖化係数が小さいことから、今後、冷媒として用いられることが考えられる。 Natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons having a small global warming potential are used as refrigerants used in refrigerant circuits provided in refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners and refrigerators.
Among refrigeration equipment having a refrigerant circuit, many household heat pump water heaters use carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. In addition, flammable hydrocarbon-based refrigerants, like carbon dioxide, have a low global warming potential and may be used as refrigerants in the future.

炭化水素系冷媒は地球温暖化係数が小さいという利点を有するが、一方で可燃性という性質を持つため、冷媒として用いた場合、冷媒回路外に漏洩したときに、何らかの着火源により引火して燃焼するという危険性を伴う。
そのため、炭化水素などの可燃性冷媒を用いた場合は、冷媒が漏洩したときに、冷媒の燃焼により冷凍機器が燃焼するおそれをなくすための安全策を備える必要がある。 Hydrocarbon refrigerants have the advantage of a low global warming potential, but on the other hand, because they are flammable, when used as refrigerants, they can be ignited by some ignition source when leaked outside the refrigerant circuit. There is a risk of burning.
Therefore, when a flammable refrigerant such as hydrocarbon is used, it is necessary to provide a safety measure for eliminating the risk that the refrigeration equipment will burn due to the combustion of the refrigerant when the refrigerant leaks.

そこで、可燃性冷媒を用いた冷媒回路を備える冷凍機器において、冷媒回路内の冷媒を放出方向を変えながら大気中に拡散放出可能なリリーフ拡散弁を設置し、漏洩した冷媒が燃焼するおそれがないようにした冷凍機器が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Therefore, in a refrigeration apparatus equipped with a refrigerant circuit using a combustible refrigerant, a relief diffusion valve capable of diffusing and releasing the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit into the atmosphere while changing the discharge direction is installed, and there is no risk that the leaked refrigerant will burn. Such a refrigeration apparatus has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

また、冷媒を冷媒回路外に排出する排出手段を備え、排出部近傍に冷媒を拡散するファンを備えた冷凍機器もある（例えば、特許文献２参照）。   There is also a refrigeration device that includes a discharge unit that discharges the refrigerant out of the refrigerant circuit, and a fan that diffuses the refrigerant in the vicinity of the discharge unit (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

特開２００６−１４５０７５号公報（第３頁−第４頁、図１）JP 2006-145075 A (page 3 to page 4, FIG. 1) 特開２０００−９７５０５号公報（第３頁−第５頁、図１、図２）JP 2000-97505 A (page 3 to page 5, FIGS. 1 and 2)

冷媒が漏洩した場合、特許文献１記載の冷凍機器は、拡散放出可能なリリーフ弁の設置により漏洩した冷媒を拡散させたり、また、特許文献２記載の冷凍機器は、漏洩した冷媒を拡散するファンにより拡散させたりするが、いずれの場合も、排出部より漏洩した冷媒が燃焼した場合に、冷凍機器に延焼して、冷凍機器が燃焼することを防ぐことができない。   When the refrigerant leaks, the refrigeration apparatus described in Patent Document 1 diffuses the leaked refrigerant by installing a relief valve that can diffuse and release, or the refrigeration apparatus described in Patent Document 2 diffuses the leaked refrigerant. However, in any case, when the refrigerant leaked from the discharge unit burns, it cannot be prevented from spreading to the refrigeration equipment and burning the refrigeration equipment.

本発明は上記の課題を解決するためになされたもので、排出部より漏洩した冷媒が燃焼した場合に、冷凍機器に延焼して、冷凍機器が燃焼することのない安全性の高い冷媒回路を備えたヒートポンプ給湯機を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem. When the refrigerant leaked from the discharge unit burns, a highly safe refrigerant circuit that spreads to the refrigeration equipment and does not burn the refrigeration equipment. It aims at providing the heat pump water heater provided.

本発明に係るヒートポンプ給湯機は、冷媒を圧縮して吐出する圧縮機と、圧縮機から吐出した冷媒と負荷媒体との間で熱交換する凝縮器と、凝縮器の下流側の冷媒を減圧する膨張弁と、膨張弁より減圧された冷媒を蒸発する空気熱交換器とが環状に接続され、冷媒として可燃性の冷媒を用いた冷媒回路を備え、膨張弁の出口と圧縮機の入口との間に設けられ、冷媒回路の設計圧力以上で作動するように設定され、冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力が設計圧力以上になると冷媒を放出する保護装置と、保護装置を覆う延焼防止用の覆いと、冷媒が放出されたことを検知する検知手段と、放出された冷媒を拡散する送風機と、を備え、保護装置は、冷媒回路内の冷媒温度が設計圧力における冷媒の飽和温度より所定温度高くなると溶解する可溶合金で形成された可溶栓であり、検出手段は、常時通電している可溶栓の可溶合金が溶解により非通電状態となることを検出することで、冷媒が放出されたことを検知する。
A heat pump water heater according to the present invention compresses and discharges a refrigerant, a condenser that exchanges heat between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor and a load medium, and decompresses the refrigerant on the downstream side of the condenser. An expansion valve and an air heat exchanger for evaporating the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve are connected in an annular form, and are provided with a refrigerant circuit using a combustible refrigerant as the refrigerant, and an outlet of the expansion valve and an inlet of the compressor It provided between, are set to operate at more than design pressure of the refrigerant circuit, and cover for fire prevention covering and protecting device for releasing the refrigerant when the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit is more than the design pressure, the protection device, A detecting means for detecting that the refrigerant has been released; and a blower for diffusing the released refrigerant. The protection device dissolves when the refrigerant temperature in the refrigerant circuit becomes a predetermined temperature higher than the saturation temperature of the refrigerant at the design pressure. Formed with fusible alloy And a fusible plug, the detection means, by detecting that a fusible alloy of fusible plug that energized constantly in a non-energized state by dissolution, detects that the refrigerant is discharged.

本発明に係るヒートポンプ式給湯機は、冷媒回路に炭化水素などの可燃性冷媒を使用したもので、冷媒回路上に保護装置を備えることで冷媒が漏洩する箇所をあらかじめ特定しておき、保護装置の延焼防止用の覆いを設けることにより、漏洩した冷媒が燃焼した場合に、冷凍機器全体に引火することを防ぐことができる。   The heat pump hot water heater according to the present invention uses a flammable refrigerant such as hydrocarbon in a refrigerant circuit, and a protection device is provided on the refrigerant circuit so that a location where the refrigerant leaks is specified in advance. By providing a cover for preventing the spread of fire, it is possible to prevent ignition of the entire refrigeration equipment when the leaked refrigerant burns.

実施の形態１．
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒回路構成図、図２は図１の要部を拡大した構成図である。
図１において、ヒートポンプ給湯機は、炭化水素などの可燃性冷媒を使用した冷媒回路を備えている。この冷媒回路は、冷媒を圧縮して吐出する圧縮機１と、圧縮機１から吐出した冷媒と給湯回路を循環する負荷媒体である水とを熱交換する凝縮器２と、凝縮器２の下流側の冷媒を減圧する膨張弁３と、減圧された冷媒を蒸発する空気熱交換器４とを備え、これらが環状に接続されている。なお、空気熱交換器４の吹出側には送風機５が設置されている。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit configuration diagram of a heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged configuration diagram of a main part of FIG.
In FIG. 1, the heat pump water heater includes a refrigerant circuit using a combustible refrigerant such as hydrocarbon. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 1 that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, a condenser 2 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 and water that is a load medium circulating in the hot water supply circuit, and downstream of the condenser 2. An expansion valve 3 that decompresses the refrigerant on the side and an air heat exchanger 4 that evaporates the decompressed refrigerant are connected in an annular shape. A blower 5 is installed on the outlet side of the air heat exchanger 4.

この冷媒回路において、膨張弁３の出口と圧縮機１の入り口との間の冷媒配管３ａには分岐管を介して保護装置６が設けられている。この保護装置６は、冷媒回路の設計圧力より大きく保障耐圧力より小さい範囲で作動するように設定されており、冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力が設計圧力より大きくなると冷媒が漏洩するようになっている。７は保護装置６に設けた延焼防止用の覆いであり、漏洩した冷媒が燃焼したときに、冷凍機器全体に延焼しないようにしてある。   In this refrigerant circuit, a protective device 6 is provided via a branch pipe in the refrigerant pipe 3 a between the outlet of the expansion valve 3 and the inlet of the compressor 1. The protection device 6 is set to operate in a range larger than the design pressure of the refrigerant circuit and smaller than the withstand pressure pressure, and the refrigerant leaks when the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit becomes larger than the design pressure. . Reference numeral 7 denotes a cover for preventing the spread of fire provided in the protective device 6 so that when the leaked refrigerant burns, it does not spread over the entire refrigeration equipment.

保護装置６は冷媒回路内の圧力が設計圧力より大きくなると作動して冷媒が漏洩するようになっているため、冷媒は冷媒回路内で最も漏洩されやすい保護装置６から放出されることになる。このため、あらかじめ冷媒が漏洩する箇所を特定することができ、また、保護装置６には延焼防止用の覆い７が設置されているため、冷媒が燃焼したときに、冷凍機器全体に延焼することを防止することができる。   Since the protection device 6 is activated when the pressure in the refrigerant circuit becomes higher than the design pressure, the refrigerant leaks, so that the refrigerant is released from the protection device 6 that is most likely to leak in the refrigerant circuit. For this reason, the location where the refrigerant leaks can be specified in advance, and the protective device 6 is provided with a cover 7 for preventing the spread of fire, so that when the refrigerant burns, it spreads throughout the refrigeration equipment. Can be prevented.

保護装置６には、例えば可溶栓や破裂板を用いる。可溶栓とは、通常、ガスが封入された容器を封止する、ある温度で融解する可溶合金であって、容器の温度が過度に上昇したときは、可溶合金が融解してガスを放出し、容器の破裂事故等を防ぐようにしたものである。また、破裂板とは、同様に容器内のガスが所定の圧力に達すると破裂してガスが放出され、容器を保護するようにしたものである。
本実施の形態における保護装置６は、上記のような可溶栓又は破裂板を冷媒配管３ａに分岐管を介して設けたものである。 For the protective device 6, for example, a fusible stopper or a rupturable plate is used. A fusible stopper is usually a fusible alloy that melts at a certain temperature, which seals a container filled with gas. When the temperature of the container rises excessively, the fusible alloy melts and becomes a gas. To prevent accidents such as rupture of containers. Similarly, the rupture disc protects the container by rupturing and releasing the gas when the gas in the container reaches a predetermined pressure.
The protection device 6 in the present embodiment is such that the above-described fusible plug or rupture plate is provided in the refrigerant pipe 3a via a branch pipe.

そこで、可溶合金が融解して可溶栓が作動する温度域を、ヒートポンプ給湯機の設計圧力における冷媒の飽和温度より高く、保障耐圧力に対応する冷媒の飽和温度より低くする。こうすると、冷媒が漏洩する場合に、最も放出されやすい可溶栓より放出されるため、冷媒回路内で冷媒が漏洩する位置を固定することができる。また、破裂板が破裂する圧力も、同様に、ヒートポンプ給湯機の設計圧力での冷媒の飽和温度より高く、保障耐圧力に対応する冷媒の飽和温度より低くする。   Therefore, the temperature range in which the fusible alloy melts and the fusible plug operates is set higher than the refrigerant saturation temperature at the design pressure of the heat pump water heater and lower than the refrigerant saturation temperature corresponding to the guaranteed pressure resistance. If it carries out like this, when a refrigerant | coolant leaks, since it discharge | releases from the soluble plug which is easy to discharge | release, the position where a refrigerant | coolant leaks in a refrigerant circuit can be fixed. Similarly, the pressure at which the rupturable plate bursts is higher than the refrigerant saturation temperature at the design pressure of the heat pump water heater, and lower than the refrigerant saturation temperature corresponding to the guaranteed pressure resistance.

可溶栓と破裂板を同時に用いれば、可溶栓が設置された部分の温度が局所的に上昇して、可溶合金が融解しても、冷媒が放出されることを防ぐことができる。すなわち、局所的に温度が上昇した場合は、ヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒回路内の圧力は設計圧力以上とはなりにくいため、破裂板によって、冷媒回路からの冷媒の放出を防ぐことができる。そのため、可燃性冷媒がヒートポンプ給湯機外に放出されることがなくなり、燃焼事故の発生を防止することができる。   If the fusible plug and the rupturable plate are used at the same time, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from being released even if the temperature of the portion where the fusible plug is installed rises locally and the fusible alloy melts. That is, when the temperature rises locally, the pressure in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump water heater is unlikely to be higher than the design pressure, so that the burst plate can prevent the refrigerant from being released from the refrigerant circuit. Therefore, the combustible refrigerant is not released outside the heat pump water heater, and the occurrence of a combustion accident can be prevented.

上記の設計圧力とは、ヒートポンプ給湯機に備わる冷媒回路の内容積と充填された冷媒の種類、冷媒の量、冷媒回路運転時の最高圧力などから決まる、製品の耐圧を決める際の規準となる圧力である。また、保障耐圧力とは、製品の耐圧試験を行う際の圧力であり、製品に漏れ、変形、破壊などがないことで、被試験品は耐圧試験に合格となる。   The above design pressure is a standard for determining the pressure resistance of a product, which is determined by the internal volume of the refrigerant circuit provided in the heat pump water heater, the type of refrigerant filled, the amount of refrigerant, the maximum pressure during operation of the refrigerant circuit, etc. Pressure. The guaranteed withstand pressure is a pressure at the time of performing a pressure resistance test of the product, and the product under test passes the pressure resistance test because there is no leakage, deformation, or destruction of the product.

ヒートポンプ給湯機の運転時は、冷媒回路の膨張弁３の出口から圧縮機１の入口までの区間が低圧部となり、圧縮機１の出口から膨張弁３の入口までの区間が高圧部となる。そのため、設計圧力も高圧部に比べ、低圧部の方が低く、設計圧力の低い低圧部より冷媒が漏洩する可能性が高いため、保護装置６を高圧部より低圧部に設置することが好ましい。例えば、運転時には圧縮機１の吸入ラインが確実に低圧部となるため、この部分に保護装置６を設置すれば、冷媒が漏洩する場所を特定することができる。   During operation of the heat pump water heater, the section from the outlet of the expansion valve 3 to the inlet of the compressor 1 in the refrigerant circuit is a low pressure section, and the section from the outlet of the compressor 1 to the inlet of the expansion valve 3 is a high pressure section. For this reason, the design pressure is lower in the low pressure part than in the high pressure part, and the refrigerant is more likely to leak than the low pressure part in which the design pressure is low. Therefore, it is preferable to install the protection device 6 in the low pressure part. For example, since the suction line of the compressor 1 is surely a low-pressure part during operation, the place where the refrigerant leaks can be specified by installing the protection device 6 in this part.

延焼防止用の覆い７としては、鉄板製の覆いを用いる。さらに、覆い内部に耐火塗料を塗布してもよい。また、覆い７の材料として、難燃性の延焼防止剤を用いても良い。   As the cover 7 for preventing fire spread, a cover made of iron plate is used. Further, a fireproof paint may be applied to the inside of the cover. Further, as the material of the cover 7, a flame retardant fire spreader may be used.

次に、上記のように構成した本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
ヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒回路において、圧縮機１により高温、高圧になった加熱ガス冷媒は、凝縮器２も冷媒配管２ａに流入し、給湯タンク（図示せず）の水が凝縮器２の水配管２ｂを通過する際に熱交換されて水が加熱され、給湯タンクに至る。また、水へ熱を伝えた冷媒は、凝縮器２より膨張弁３に至り、ここで膨張弁３により減圧されて空気熱交換器４に流入し、送風機５により送風された外気から吸熱し、蒸発ガス化されて、圧縮機１に戻る。 Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
In the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump water heater, the heated gas refrigerant that has become high temperature and high pressure by the compressor 1 also flows into the refrigerant pipe 2a, and the water in the hot water tank (not shown) is supplied to the water pipe of the condenser 2. When passing through 2b, heat is exchanged to heat the water and reach the hot water supply tank. The refrigerant that has transferred heat to the water reaches the expansion valve 3 from the condenser 2, where the refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 3, flows into the air heat exchanger 4, and absorbs heat from the outside air blown by the blower 5. The gas is evaporated and returned to the compressor 1.

ヒートポンプ給湯機が外部より何らかの影響を受けたとき、例えば周囲の温度が過度に上昇したときは、冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力が上昇し、冷媒回路を構成する銅管などに亀裂が生じるおそれがある。亀裂が生じた場合は、冷媒回路内の可燃性冷媒は外部に漏洩してしまう。   When the heat pump water heater is affected by some influence from the outside, for example, when the ambient temperature rises excessively, the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit rises, and there is a risk that the copper pipe or the like constituting the refrigerant circuit will crack. . When a crack occurs, the combustible refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit leaks to the outside.

本実施の形態においては、冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力が上昇して、冷媒回路を構成する銅管などに亀裂が生じるおそれが生じると、すなわち、冷媒回路内の圧力が設計圧力より大きくなると、保護装置６が作動し、冷媒は冷媒回路内で最も放出されやすい保護装置６から放出される。
保護装置６から放出された冷媒が燃焼や爆発した場合でも、保護装置６には延焼防止用の覆い７が設置されているため、冷凍機器全体に引火することを防止することができる。 In the present embodiment, when the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit rises and there is a risk of cracking in the copper pipe or the like constituting the refrigerant circuit, that is, when the pressure in the refrigerant circuit becomes higher than the design pressure, The device 6 is activated and the refrigerant is released from the protective device 6 which is most likely to be released in the refrigerant circuit.
Even when the refrigerant discharged from the protective device 6 burns or explodes, the protective device 6 is provided with the cover 7 for preventing the spread of fire, so that the entire refrigeration equipment can be prevented from being ignited.

実施の形態２．
図３は、本発明の実施の形態２に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒路構成図である。なお、実施の形態１と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。
本実施の形態２では、保護装置６の近傍に水配管２ｂより給水する消火装置８を備える。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a refrigerant path configuration diagram of the heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1, and description is abbreviate | omitted.
In this Embodiment 2, the fire extinguishing apparatus 8 which supplies water from the water piping 2b in the vicinity of the protection apparatus 6 is provided.

次に、本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
消火装置８の散水口は、可溶金属により止水されている。消火装置８の散水口に取り付けた可溶金属は冷媒の燃焼温度で作動するようにしてある。保護装置６より放出された冷媒が燃焼した場合、保護装置周囲の温度が上昇するため、可溶金属が作動し、消火装置８より水が散水される。これにより、ヒートポンプ給湯機全体に引火する危険性をさらに低減することができる。 Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
The water spout of the fire extinguishing device 8 is stopped by a soluble metal. The fusible metal attached to the water spout of the fire extinguisher 8 operates at the combustion temperature of the refrigerant. When the refrigerant discharged from the protection device 6 burns, the temperature around the protection device rises, so that the soluble metal is activated and water is sprinkled from the fire extinguishing device 8. Thereby, the danger of igniting the whole heat pump water heater can further be reduced.

実施の形態３．
図４は、本発明の実施の形態３に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒路構成図である。なお、実施の形態１と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。
本実施の形態３においては、保護装置６の近傍に、漏洩した冷媒を検知する検知手段９、保護装置６の周辺に、漏洩した冷媒を拡散する送風機１０が設置されている。 Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 4 is a refrigerant path configuration diagram of the heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1, and description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the third embodiment, a detection unit 9 that detects a leaked refrigerant is installed in the vicinity of the protection device 6, and a blower 10 that diffuses the leaked refrigerant is installed around the protection device 6.

次に本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
検知手段９によって漏洩した冷媒を検知した場合、その検知信号は制御部（図示せず）へ送られる。保護装置６から冷媒が漏洩すると検知手段９がこれを検知し、制御部の指令により、ヒートポンプ給湯機運転時はこの運転を停止させる。次に、保護装置６の周辺に設置された漏洩冷媒拡散用の送風機１０を動作させ、漏洩した冷媒を大気中に拡散し、大気中において可燃性冷媒が燃焼しない濃度にまで低下させる。このとき、ヒートポンプ給湯機に通電中であれば、空気熱交換器用送風機５を作動させ、これによってより短時間で漏洩した冷媒を大気中に拡散することができる。よって、ヒートポンプ給湯機全体に引火する危険性を低減させるだけでなく、漏洩した冷媒が燃焼する危険性も低減することができる。 Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
When the leaking refrigerant is detected by the detection means 9, the detection signal is sent to a control unit (not shown). When the refrigerant leaks from the protective device 6, the detection means 9 detects this, and stops this operation during the operation of the heat pump water heater in accordance with a command from the control unit. Next, the blower 10 for diffusing the leaked refrigerant installed around the protective device 6 is operated to diffuse the leaked refrigerant into the atmosphere and reduce it to a concentration at which the flammable refrigerant does not burn in the atmosphere. At this time, if the heat pump water heater is being energized, the air heat exchanger blower 5 can be operated, whereby the leaked refrigerant can be diffused into the atmosphere in a shorter time. Therefore, not only can the risk of igniting the entire heat pump water heater be reduced, but also the risk of burning the leaked refrigerant can be reduced.

検知手段９としては、可燃性冷媒である炭化水素ガスに反応するガスセンサを用いる。冷媒が漏洩すると蒸発し、この際の蒸発熱によって保護装置６付近の配管温度が低下するため、配管の温度低下を検知する温度センサを用いてもよい。また、保護装置６に可溶栓を用いる場合は、可溶合金部分に常時通電している構造とし、可溶合金が溶解した場合に、非通電状態となるようにしてもよい。さらに、冷媒が漏洩したとき、冷媒回路内には保護装置６を出口とする冷媒の流れが生じるため、冷媒配管３ａと保護装置６との間に設置してこの流れを検知する流量計を用いても良い。   As the detection means 9, a gas sensor that reacts with a hydrocarbon gas that is a flammable refrigerant is used. If the refrigerant leaks, it evaporates, and the pipe temperature near the protective device 6 is lowered by the heat of evaporation at this time. Therefore, a temperature sensor that detects the temperature drop of the pipe may be used. In addition, when a fusible plug is used for the protective device 6, a structure may be used in which the fusible alloy portion is energized at all times, and when the fusible alloy is melted, it may be in a non-energized state. Furthermore, when the refrigerant leaks, a refrigerant flow with the protective device 6 as an outlet is generated in the refrigerant circuit. Therefore, a flow meter that is installed between the refrigerant pipe 3a and the protective device 6 and detects this flow is used. May be.

実施の形態４．
図５は、本発明の実施の形態４に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒路構成図である。なお、実施の形態１と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。
本実施の形態４では、保護装置６の近傍に、漏洩した冷媒を検知する検知手段９、保護装置６の周辺に、漏洩した冷媒を拡散する送風機１０、圧縮機１の出口と膨張弁３の入口の近傍に、検知手段９から漏洩した冷媒が検知されたときに作動する第１、第２の流路切替弁１１、１２を設けたものである。 Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a refrigerant path configuration diagram of a heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1, and description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the fourth embodiment, the detection means 9 for detecting the leaked refrigerant in the vicinity of the protection device 6, the blower 10 for diffusing the leaked refrigerant in the vicinity of the protection device 6, the outlet of the compressor 1 and the expansion valve 3. In the vicinity of the inlet, there are provided first and second flow path switching valves 11 and 12 that operate when refrigerant leaked from the detection means 9 is detected.

次に、本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
保護装置６から冷媒が漏洩すると検知手段９がこれを検知し、制御部の指令により、漏洩冷媒拡散用の送風機１０を動作させ、漏洩した冷媒を大気中に拡散する。同時に、第１、第２の流路切替弁１１、１２が作動して、圧縮機１の出口から膨張弁３の入口までの流路を閉じて閉回路とする。こうして、可燃性である冷媒は膨張弁３の出口から圧縮機１の入口までに充満していた量のみが大気に放出されるため、燃焼する濃度となる危険性を低減することができる。 Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
When the refrigerant leaks from the protective device 6, the detection means 9 detects this, and the blower 10 for diffusing the leaked refrigerant is operated according to a command from the control unit, and the leaked refrigerant is diffused into the atmosphere. At the same time, the first and second flow path switching valves 11 and 12 are operated to close the flow path from the outlet of the compressor 1 to the inlet of the expansion valve 3 to form a closed circuit. Thus, only the amount of the flammable refrigerant that has been filled from the outlet of the expansion valve 3 to the inlet of the compressor 1 is released to the atmosphere, so that the risk of a burning concentration can be reduced.

膨張弁３の出口から圧縮機１の入口までの低圧部に比べ、圧縮機１の出口から膨張弁３の入口までの高圧部の設計圧力が高いため、冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力の上昇により冷媒が漏洩する場合に、第１、第２の流路切替弁１１、１２を低圧部に設置するよりも本実施の形態４のように高圧部に設置する方が、流路を閉回路とした場合に、再度冷媒が漏洩することはない。   Since the design pressure of the high-pressure part from the outlet of the compressor 1 to the inlet of the expansion valve 3 is higher than that of the low-pressure part from the outlet of the expansion valve 3 to the inlet of the compressor 1, the refrigerant is increased by the increase of the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit. If the first and second flow path switching valves 11 and 12 are installed in the low pressure section, the flow path is a closed circuit, as in the fourth embodiment. In this case, the refrigerant will not leak again.

実施の形態５．
図６は、本発明の実施の形態５に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の冷媒路構成図である。なお、実施の形態１と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。
本実施の形態５では、保護装置６の近傍に、漏洩した冷媒を検知する検知手段９、保護装置６の周辺に、漏洩した冷媒を拡散する送風機１０、検知手段９と冷媒拡散用の送風機１０とに電力を供給するバッテリーや乾電池などの独立電源１３を備えたもので、ヒートポンプ給湯機に供給する電力とは異なる電源により電力が供給されるようになっている。
この独立電源によって、保護装置６から冷媒が漏洩したとき、その漏洩が検知手段９によって検知され、送風機１０を作動させて漏洩冷媒を拡散するようにしてある。 Embodiment 5 FIG.
FIG. 6 is a refrigerant path configuration diagram of the heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1, and description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the fifth embodiment, a detection unit 9 that detects a leaked refrigerant in the vicinity of the protection device 6, a blower 10 that diffuses the leaked refrigerant around the protection device 6, a detection unit 9 and a blower 10 for refrigerant diffusion. In addition, an independent power source 13 such as a battery or a dry cell for supplying power is provided, and power is supplied by a power source different from the power supplied to the heat pump water heater.
When the refrigerant leaks from the protective device 6 by the independent power source, the leakage is detected by the detecting means 9 and the blower 10 is operated to diffuse the leaked refrigerant.

本実施の形態においては、停電状態や搬送時など、ヒートポンプ給湯機に対して電力が供給されていないとき、検知手段９と送風機１０には、ヒートポンプ給湯機に供給する電力とは異なる独立電源１３により電力が供給されており、保護装置６より冷媒が漏洩したときに、検知手段９によって検知され、送風機１０を作動させて漏洩冷媒を拡散する。
こうして、漏洩した可燃性冷媒に対しての燃焼の発生を常に防止することができ、より安全性の高い製品とすることができる。 In the present embodiment, when power is not supplied to the heat pump water heater, such as during a power outage or during transportation, the independent power source 13 different from the power supplied to the heat pump water heater is supplied to the detection means 9 and the blower 10. When the refrigerant is leaked from the protection device 6, the detection means 9 detects the electric power and operates the blower 10 to diffuse the leaked refrigerant.
In this way, it is possible to always prevent the leaked combustible refrigerant from being burned and to obtain a product with higher safety.

なお、本実施の形態１〜５では、冷媒回路をヒートポンプ給湯機に適用した場合について説明したが、本発明はこれのみに限定するものではなく、可燃性冷媒を用いた冷凍機器、例えば空調機や冷蔵庫に対しても適用することができる。   In addition, although Embodiment 1-5 demonstrated the case where a refrigerant circuit was applied to the heat pump water heater, this invention is not limited only to this, The freezing apparatus using a combustible refrigerant | coolant, for example, an air conditioner It can also be applied to refrigerators.

この発明の実施の形態１に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the heat pump water heater which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図１の延焼防止用の覆い部分の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the cover part for fire spread prevention of FIG. この発明の実施の形態２に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the heat pump water heater which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態３に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the heat pump water heater based on Embodiment 3 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態４に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the heat pump water heater based on Embodiment 4 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態５に係るヒートポンプ給湯機の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the heat pump water heater which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 圧縮機、２ 凝縮器、３ 膨張弁、４ 空気熱交換器、５ 空気熱交換器用送風機、６ 保護装置、７ 延焼防止用の覆い、８ 消火装置、９ 検知手段、１０ 送風機、１１、１２ 第１、第２の流路切替弁、１３ 独立電源   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor, 2 Condenser, 3 Expansion valve, 4 Air heat exchanger, 5 Air heat exchanger blower, 6 Protection device, 7 Cover for fire spread prevention, 8 Fire extinguishing device, 9 Detection means, 10 Blower, 11, 12 1st, 2nd flow-path switching valve, 13 Independent power supply

Claims (3)

冷媒を圧縮して吐出する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機から吐出した冷媒と給湯回路を循環する負荷媒体である水とを熱交換する凝縮器と、前記凝縮器の下流側の冷媒を減圧する膨張弁と、前記膨張弁により減圧された冷媒を蒸発する空気熱交換器とを環状に接続され、前記冷媒として可燃性の冷媒を用いた冷媒回路を備えたヒートポンプ給湯機であって、
前記膨張弁の出口と前記圧縮機の入口との間に設けられ、冷媒回路の設計圧力で作動するように設定され、前記冷媒回路内の冷媒圧力が設計圧力以上になると前記冷媒を放出する保護装置と、
前記保護装置を覆う延焼防止用の覆いと、
前記冷媒が放出されたことを検知する検知手段と、
放出された冷媒を拡散する送風機と、
を備え、
前記保護装置は、
前記冷媒回路内の冷媒温度が設計圧力における冷媒の飽和温度より所定温度高くなると溶解する可溶合金で形成された可溶栓であり、
前記検出手段は、
常時通電している前記可溶栓の可溶合金が溶解により非通電状態となることを検出することで、前記冷媒が放出されたことを検知することを特徴とするヒートポンプ給湯機。 A compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant; a condenser that exchanges heat between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor and water that is a load medium circulating in the hot water supply circuit; and an expansion that decompresses the refrigerant on the downstream side of the condenser A heat pump water heater provided with a refrigerant circuit using a flammable refrigerant as the refrigerant, wherein the valve and an air heat exchanger for evaporating the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve are connected in an annular shape;
Disposed between the inlet of pre-Symbol the compressor and the outlet of the expansion valve is set to operate at design pressure of the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circuit to emit the coolant to become more design pressure A protective device ;
And a cover for fire prevention covering the previous Symbol protection device,
Detecting means for detecting that the refrigerant has been released;
A blower for diffusing the discharged refrigerant;
With
The protective device is
A fusible plug formed of a fusible alloy that melts when the refrigerant temperature in the refrigerant circuit becomes a predetermined temperature higher than the saturation temperature of the refrigerant at the design pressure;
The detection means includes
A heat pump water heater characterized by detecting that the refrigerant has been released by detecting that the fusible alloy of the fusible plug, which is always energized, is in a non-energized state due to melting . 前記圧縮機の出口と前記膨張弁の入口の近傍に、放出された冷媒が検知されたときに作動して前記圧縮機の出口から前記膨張弁の入口までを閉回路とする流路切替弁を配設したことを特徴とする請求項１記載のヒートポンプ給湯機。 A flow path switching valve that operates when a discharged refrigerant is detected and closes from the outlet of the compressor to the inlet of the expansion valve in the vicinity of the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the expansion valve. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1 , wherein the heat pump water heater is disposed. 前記検知手段と前記冷媒を拡散する送風機とに独立して電力を供給する独立電源を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載のヒートポンプ給湯機。 The heat pump water heater according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising an independent power source that supplies power independently to the detection means and the blower that diffuses the refrigerant.
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