JP4856024B2

JP4856024B2 - Air spring

Info

Publication number: JP4856024B2
Application number: JP2007207040A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 玲東谷; 和隆西平; 克彦市川; 智史徳永
Original assignee: Bridgestone Corp; Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Bridgestone Corp; Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2007-08-08
Filing date: 2007-08-08
Publication date: 2012-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2027-08-08
Also published as: JP2009041660A

Description

この発明は、鉄道車両に用いて好適な空気ばねに関するものであり、とくには、空気ばねを補助タンクに連通させて車両の振動減衰等をもたらす絞り通路を加圧空気が通過するに際して発生することのある、笛吹き音と称される高周波騒音の発生を防ぐ技術を提案するものである。 The present invention relates to an air spring that is suitable for use in a railway vehicle, and particularly occurs when pressurized air passes through a throttle passage that causes the air spring to communicate with an auxiliary tank to cause vibration damping of the vehicle. We propose a technology that prevents the generation of high-frequency noise called whistling noise.

鉄道車両用の空気ばねとして広く一般に使用されているものとしては、たとえば特許文献１に開示されたものがある。
これは、上下の各面板にダイアフラムの各端部を気密に連結するとともに、下面板に設けた絞り通路を、円筒状の積層ゴム弾性体を介して一定容積の補助タンクに、間接的に連通させるものであり、車両の振動等に起因する空気ばね内圧の変動に伴って、加圧空気を絞り通路に流動させることによる、加圧空気の摩擦、拡散等によってばね特性および振動減衰性能を発揮させるものである。 As a widely used air spring for a railway vehicle, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
This is because each end of the diaphragm is airtightly connected to the upper and lower face plates, and the throttle passage provided in the lower face plate is indirectly communicated with a fixed volume auxiliary tank via a cylindrical laminated rubber elastic body. It exhibits spring characteristics and vibration damping performance due to friction, diffusion, etc. of pressurized air by flowing pressurized air through the throttle passage in accordance with fluctuations in the air spring internal pressure caused by vehicle vibration, etc. It is something to be made.

この場合の相当ばね定数および相当減衰係数は、図４に示すような一山ベローズ形の空気ばね１０１を、下面板１０２に設けた絞り通路１０３によって、補助タンク１０４に間接的に連通させる場合を例として考えると、以下の公知の式で表わすことができる。

特開２００５−２３１４６４号公報 In this case, the equivalent spring constant and the equivalent damping coefficient are obtained when the single bellows type air spring 101 as shown in FIG. 4 is indirectly communicated with the auxiliary tank 104 by the throttle passage 103 provided in the lower surface plate 102. When considered as an example, it can be expressed by the following known formula.

JP 2005-231464 A

しかるに、このような従来技術にあっては、鉄道車両の、たとえば上下振動に伴って、加圧空気が絞り通路１０３を高圧側から低圧側へ流動するに当って、絞り通路の形状、寸法等に由来する、空気流の各種の乱れに起因すると考えられる高周波騒音が発生することがあるという問題があった。 However, in such a prior art, for example, when the pressurized air flows from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side through the throttle passage 103 due to, for example, vertical vibration of the railway vehicle, the shape, dimensions, etc. of the throttle passage There is a problem that high-frequency noise, which is considered to be caused by various disturbances in the air flow, may occur.

この発明は、従来技術が抱えるこのような問題点を解決することを課題とするものであり、それの目的とするところは、絞り通路にそれ本来の機能を十分に発揮させてなお、そこを通る空気流への乱れの発生を抑制することで、高周波騒音の発生を有効に防ぐことができる空気ばねを提供するにある。 The object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and the purpose of the invention is to make the throttling passage fully perform its original function, but still to An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring that can effectively prevent the generation of high-frequency noise by suppressing the occurrence of turbulence in the passing air flow.

この発明に係る一の空気ばねは、上面板および下面板と、これらの面板にそれぞれの端部分を気密に連結した、ベローズ、ダイアフラム等の筒状可撓膜体とを具え、下面板に設けた連通路を介して、一定内容積の補強タンクに、直接的もしくは間接的に連通されるものであって、前記連通路内に配設され、下面板とは別体になる絞り部材と、この絞り部材の上面板側に設けた座ぐり部と、絞り部材の補助タンク側に設けた流路最狭窄部と、流路最狭窄部の、上面板側および補助タンク側の少なくとも一方側、より好ましくは両側に隣接させて設けられて、流路最狭窄部に向けて流路を次第に狭める流動案内部とを有し、この流動案内部の、流路最狭窄部から最も離隔した端部の径に対する、流路最狭窄部の径が３０％以上８０％以下、より好ましくは、４０％以上７０％以下、さらに好ましくは、５０％以下７０％以下であることを特徴とするものである。 One air spring according to the present invention includes an upper surface plate and a lower surface plate, and cylindrical flexible film bodies such as bellows and diaphragms, each of which is air-tightly connected to the surface plate, and is provided on the lower surface plate. A throttle member that is communicated directly or indirectly to a reinforcing tank having a constant internal volume via the communicating passage, and is disposed in the communicating passage and is separate from the bottom plate; A counterbore provided on the top plate side of the throttle member, a flow path narrowed part provided on the auxiliary tank side of the throttle member, and at least one side of the top plate side and the auxiliary tank side of the flow path narrowed part, More preferably, the flow guide portion is provided adjacent to both sides and gradually narrows the flow channel toward the flow channel constriction portion, and the end portion of the flow guide portion that is farthest from the flow channel constriction portion The diameter of the narrowest part of the flow path is 30% or more and 80% or less, more preferable. Details, 70% 40% or less, more preferably characterized in that 70% or less than 50%.

また、この発明に係る他の空気ばねは、とくに、前記連通路内に配設され、下面板とは別体になる絞り部材と、絞り部材に設けた流路最狭窄部と、流路最狭窄部の、上面板側および補助タンク側の少なくとも一方側、より好ましくは両側に隣接させて設けられて、流路最狭窄部に向けて流路を次第に狭める流動案内部とを有し、この流動案内部の、流路最狭窄部から最も離隔した端部の径に対する、流路最狭窄部の径が３０％以上８０％以下、より好ましくは、４０％以上７０％以下、さらに好ましくは、５０％以上、７０％以下であることを特徴とするものである。 In addition, another air spring according to the present invention, in particular, is provided in the communication path, and is a throttle member that is separate from the bottom plate, a flow path narrowed portion provided in the throttle member, and a flow path maximum. A flow guide portion that is provided adjacent to at least one side, more preferably both sides of the narrow plate portion on the upper plate side and the auxiliary tank side, and gradually narrows the flow channel toward the flow channel most narrowed portion. The diameter of the flow channel constriction portion is 30% or more and 80% or less, more preferably 40% or more and 70% or less, and more preferably, with respect to the diameter of the end portion of the flow guide portion that is farthest from the flow passage most narrow portion. It is characterized by being 50% or more and 70% or less.

これらの空気ばねにおいてより好ましくは、連通路および絞り部材の少なくとも一方の、上面板側もしくは補助タンク側の一方の端部分にも、絞り部材の流路最狭窄部に向けて流路を次第に狭める他の流動案内部を設ける。 More preferably, in these air springs, at least one of the communication passage and the throttle member, one of the end portions on the top plate side or the auxiliary tank side is gradually narrowed toward the narrowest channel portion of the throttle member. Provide another flow guide.

ところで、各流動案内部は、流路最狭窄部の中心線の周りでの、直線、曲線およびステップ状線分の少なくとも一種類からなる、ときとしては二種類以上の複合線分からなる回転体形状、いいかえれば、流路最狭窄部中心線を含む断面内でその中心線に対して対称に延びる直線、曲線およびステップ状線分の少なくとも一種類からなる形状に構成することが好ましい。 By the way, each flow guide part is composed of at least one kind of a straight line, a curved line and a step-like line segment around the center line of the flow path constriction part, and sometimes a rotating body shape composed of two or more kinds of composite line segments. In other words, it is preferable to form a shape composed of at least one of a straight line, a curved line, and a step-like line segment extending symmetrically with respect to the center line in a cross section including the center line of the narrowest channel portion.

ここで、下面板の連通路に取付けて設けた絞り部材の流路最狭窄部は、その連通路内で、補助タンク側へ偏せて位置させることが好ましく、この場合より好ましくは、その流路最狭窄部を、下面板に、補助タンク側への突出姿勢として設ける。 Here, the narrowest part of the flow path of the throttle member attached to the communication path of the lower surface plate is preferably located in the communication path so as to be biased toward the auxiliary tank, and more preferably in this case. The most narrowed portion of the road is provided on the lower surface plate as a protruding posture toward the auxiliary tank.

この発明に係る空気ばねでは、連通路内の、下面板とは別体になる絞り部材の流路最狭窄部の、少なくとも一方側ともに隣接させて、たとえばその絞り部材に、流路最狭窄部に向けて流路を次第に狭める流動案内部を設け、この流動案内部をもって、一方側への空気流れに対しては流路断面積の漸次縮小を、そして、他方側への空気流れに対しては流路断面積の漸次拡大をそれぞれもたらすことで、より好ましくは、各方向の空気流れに対して、漸次縮小と、漸次拡大との両者をもたらすことで、絞り部材の流路最狭窄部を通過する空気流れへの乱れの発生を有効に抑制することができ、これがため、絞り部材に、それ本来のばね特性および振動減衰性能の発揮を十分に担保させてなお、高周波騒音の発生を有利に防止することができる。 In the air spring according to the present invention, at least one side of the narrowest part of the flow path of the throttle member that is separate from the lower surface plate in the communication path is adjacent to at least one side, for example, the narrowest part of the flow path at the throttle member. A flow guide portion that gradually narrows the flow path toward the flow path, and with this flow guide portion, gradually reduces the cross-sectional area of the flow path for the air flow to one side and the air flow to the other side. Each of which gradually increases the cross-sectional area of the flow path, and more preferably, by gradually reducing and gradually expanding the air flow in each direction, It is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of turbulence in the passing air flow, which makes it possible to generate high-frequency noise even when the throttle member is sufficiently secured to exhibit its original spring characteristics and vibration damping performance. Can be prevented.

そしてこのことは、流動案内部の、流路最狭窄部から最も離隔した端部の径に対する流路最狭窄部の径を３０％以上８０％以下、なかでも、４０％以上７０％以下、とりわけ、５０％以上７０％以下とした場合にとくに効果的である。
いいかえれば、その径比率が３０％未満では、流路最狭窄部の径が小さくなりすぎて、逆に高周波騒音が発生し易くなり、一方、その径比率が８０％を越えると、流動案内部の機能が低下して、高周波騒音を所期したほどに低減させることができない。 And this means that the diameter of the flow channel constriction part is 30% or more and 80% or less, particularly 40% or more and 70% or less, particularly with respect to the diameter of the end portion of the flow guide part that is farthest from the flow channel constriction part. This is particularly effective when the content is 50% or more and 70% or less.
In other words, if the diameter ratio is less than 30%, the diameter of the narrowest part of the flow path becomes too small, and on the contrary, high-frequency noise is liable to be generated. As a result, the high frequency noise cannot be reduced as expected.

ここで、連通路および絞り部材の少なくとも一方の、上面板側もしくは補助タンク側の一方の端部分に、上述した流動案内部とは別個の他の流動案内部を設けた場合には、連通路および／または絞り部材それ自体への空気の流入および／または流出に伴う、空気流れへの乱れの発生をも有効に抑制できるので、高周波騒音の発生をより効果的に防止することができる。 Here, when at least one of the communication passage and the throttle member is provided with another flow guide portion different from the above-described flow guide portion at one end portion on the upper surface plate side or the auxiliary tank side, the communication passage Since the occurrence of turbulence in the air flow accompanying the inflow and / or outflow of air to the throttle member itself can be effectively suppressed, the generation of high-frequency noise can be more effectively prevented.

ところで、上述した流動案内部は、流路断面積を、縦断面内で、直線またはステップ状線分をもって、テーパ状またはステップ状に減少させたもの、もしくは、曲線をもって、絞り通路の中心線側へ凸もしくは凹となる曲面状に流路断面積を減少させたものとすることができ、また、これらの二種類以上を組合わせた態様で流路断面積を減少させたものとすることもできる。
これらのいずれの流動案内部をもってしても、空気流れの乱れを効果的に防止することができ、このことは、テーパ状またはステップ状の流路断面積減少部の、凸側および／または凹側の隅部を曲面形状とした流動案内部でより効果的である。 By the way, the flow guide section described above has a channel cross-sectional area that is reduced in a taper shape or a step shape with a straight line or a step-like line segment in a vertical cross-section, or with a curve, on the center line side of the throttle passage. The channel cross-sectional area can be reduced to a curved surface that is convex or concave, and the channel cross-sectional area can be reduced in a combination of these two or more types. it can.
Any of these flow guides can effectively prevent air flow disturbances, which means that the convex side and / or the concave side of the tapered or step-like channel cross-sectional area reduction part. It is more effective in the flow guide part which made the side corner part into a curved surface shape.

以上のような空気ばねにおいて、少なくとも流路最狭窄部を、下面板とは別体をなし、事後的に下面板に取付け得る絞り部材に形成するときは、所要の流路の加工を、それがたとえ複雑なものであっても、簡易に、かつ高精度に行うことができる。 In the air spring as described above, when forming at least the narrowest portion of the flow path in the throttle member that is separate from the lower surface plate and can be attached to the lower surface plate afterwards, the required flow path is processed. However, even if it is complicated, it can be performed easily and with high accuracy.

そしてまた、下面板に設けた絞り部材の流路最狭窄部を、連通路内で、補助タンク側へ偏せて位置させたときは、その連通路の上面板側部分に、空気ばね等の吊り持ち支持のための、ロッド螺合雌ねじを形成することができ、また、その雌ねじ形成部分を、たとえば、連通路に螺合されて、少なくとも流路最狭窄部を形成するプラグ等の絞り部材に対して、ステップ状をなす他の流動案内部の一部として機能させることもできる。 In addition, when the narrowest portion of the flow path of the throttle member provided on the lower surface plate is positioned in the communication path so as to be biased toward the auxiliary tank side, an air spring or the like is provided on the upper surface plate side portion of the communication path. A rod threaded female thread for supporting the suspension can be formed, and the female thread forming portion is threaded into, for example, the communication path to form at least the narrowest part of the flow path. On the other hand, it can be made to function as a part of other flow guide portions having a step shape.

この場合において、流路最狭窄部を、下面板に、補助タンク側への突出姿勢で設ける場合は、それを、下面板に事後的に固定もしくは固着させることができるので、上述したように、所要の加工を簡易にかつ高精度に施すことができる他、下面板および上面板に対する特別の加工を不要として、空気ばねの伸縮ストローク量を十分大きく確保することができる。 In this case, when the flow path narrowed portion is provided on the bottom plate in a protruding posture toward the auxiliary tank, it can be fixed or fixed later on the bottom plate, as described above. The required processing can be performed easily and with high accuracy, and a special processing for the lower surface plate and the upper surface plate is not required, so that the expansion / contraction stroke amount of the air spring can be secured sufficiently large.

図１はこの発明の実施の形態を、空気ばねの標準高さ状態で、積層ゴムおよび補助タンクとともに示す、中心軸線を含む縦断面図であり、図中１は、上面板、２は下面板をそれぞれ示し、３は、ともに水平姿勢としたそれらの面板１,２に、それぞれの端部分を気密に連結した筒状可撓膜体、ここでは補強層を埋設したゴムベローズを示す。 FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view including a central axis showing an embodiment of the present invention with a laminated rubber and an auxiliary tank in a standard height state of an air spring, in which 1 is an upper surface plate, 2 is a lower surface plate 3 shows a cylindrical flexible film body in which end portions thereof are hermetically connected to the face plates 1 and 2 which are both in a horizontal posture, and here, a rubber bellows in which a reinforcing layer is embedded.

空気ばね４は、これらの各構成部材1,２,３を具えるとともに、下面板２に設けられて、空気ばね４の囲繞空間を、後述する補助タンクに連通させる連通路５、および、上面板１に形成されて、空気ばね４の囲繞空間への所要の空気圧の供給等を司る給排ノズル６を有する。 The air spring 4 includes these constituent members 1, 2, and 3, and is provided on the lower surface plate 2, and a communication passage 5 that allows the surrounding space of the air spring 4 to communicate with an auxiliary tank described later, A supply / exhaust nozzle 6 is formed on the face plate 1 and controls supply of required air pressure to the surrounding space of the air spring 4.

また図中７は、剛性リングとゴムリングとを交互に積層してなり、下面板２の下面に気密に連結される、筒状の積層ゴムを、そして、８は、積層ゴム７の下方側に、これも気密に連結される、一定内容積の補助タンクをそれぞれ示す。 In the figure, 7 is a cylindrical laminated rubber which is formed by alternately laminating a rigid ring and a rubber ring and is hermetically connected to the lower surface of the lower surface plate 2, and 8 is a lower side of the laminated rubber 7. In addition, each of the auxiliary tanks having a constant internal volume, which is also hermetically connected, is shown.

ここで、積層ゴム７の内部空間９と、補助タンク８との気密な連結は、たとえば、積層ゴム７に取付けた連結パイプ１０を、その外周面に嵌め合わせたＯリング１０ａを介して補助タンク８に嵌め込むことによって行うことができる。 Here, the airtight connection between the internal space 9 of the laminated rubber 7 and the auxiliary tank 8 is performed by, for example, the auxiliary tank via an O-ring 10a in which a connecting pipe 10 attached to the laminated rubber 7 is fitted to the outer peripheral surface. 8 can be performed.

ところで、図１に示す連通路５には、要部を拡大して示すところから明らかなように、下面板２の中央部に設けた雌ねじ部１１に、その下面板２とは別体のプラグからなる絞り部材２２の頭部を、雌ねじ部１１の長さのほぼ半分の長さにわたって螺合させて、絞り部材２２の全長のほぼ半分を下面板２の下方側へ突出させた状態で絞り部材２２を取付ける。そして、下面板２とは別体になるその絞り部材２２の頭部は大径の座ぐり部１２ａを、そして、絞り部材２２の首下部は小径の貫通孔からなる流路最狭窄部２４をそれぞれ有する。 Incidentally, in the communication path 5 shown in FIG. 1, as is apparent from an enlarged view of the main part, a female plug 11 provided at the center of the lower surface plate 2 is plugged separately from the lower surface plate 2. The head of the throttle member 22 is screwed over almost half the length of the female threaded portion 11 so that the half of the full length of the throttle member 22 protrudes downward from the lower surface plate 2. The member 22 is attached. The head of the throttle member 22 that is separate from the bottom plate 2 has a large-diameter counterbore portion 12a, and the neck portion of the throttle member 22 has a channel narrowest portion 24 formed of a small-diameter through hole. Have each.

ここでは、絞り部材２２の首下部に設けた小径の貫通孔が、下面板２の補助タンク８側へ突出して位置する流路最狭窄部２４を形成することになり、この流路最狭窄部２４の、上面板１側および補助タンク８側のそれぞれの側部に隣接させて設けたそれぞれのテーパ面が、流路を、流路最狭窄部２４に向けて次第に狭めるそれぞれの流動案内部１３を形成することになる。 Here, the small-diameter through hole provided in the lower part of the neck of the throttle member 22 forms the flow path narrowed part 24 that protrudes toward the auxiliary tank 8 side of the lower surface plate 2, and this flow path narrowed part. 24, the respective tapered surfaces provided adjacent to the respective side portions on the upper surface plate 1 side and the auxiliary tank 8 side gradually narrow the flow channel toward the flow channel most narrowed portion 24, respectively. Will be formed.

加えて、この図に示すところでは、絞り部材２２および連通路５のそれぞれは、それらの上面板１側の端部分に、流路最狭窄部２４に向けて流路を次第に狭める、テーパ状の面取り面からなる他の流動案内部１４，１５をも有することになる。 In addition, as shown in this figure, each of the throttle member 22 and the communication path 5 has a tapered shape that gradually narrows the flow channel toward the flow channel constriction 24 at the end portion on the upper surface plate 1 side. Other flow guide portions 14 and 15 having chamfered surfaces are also provided.

なおこのような連通路５および絞り部材２２では、テーパ状面取り面からなるそれぞれの流動案内部１３および１４，１５の少なくとも一方を曲線の回転体形状からなる流動案内部とすることもでき、たとえば図２に示すように、全ての流動案内部１３および１４，１５を曲面とすること、または、それらの少なくとも一方のテーパ状面取り面の鈍角隅部に曲面を付加した流動案内部とすることもできる。 In the communication passage 5 and the throttle member 22, at least one of the flow guide portions 13, 14, and 15 having a tapered chamfered surface can be a flow guide portion having a curved rotating body shape. As shown in FIG. 2, all the flow guide portions 13, 14, 15 may be curved surfaces, or may be flow guide portions in which a curved surface is added to an obtuse corner of at least one of the tapered chamfered surfaces. it can.

そしてこれらのいずれの場合にあっても、流路最狭窄部２４に隣接して位置する流動案内部１３の、流路最狭窄部２４から最も離隔した端部の径ｂに対する、流路最狭窄部２４の径ａの比率を３０％以上８０％以下、より好ましくは、４０％以上７０％以下、さらに好ましくは、５０％以上７０％以下とする。 In any of these cases, the flow path constriction with respect to the diameter b of the end portion of the flow guide section 13 located adjacent to the flow path constriction section 24 is the farthest from the flow path constriction section 24. The ratio of the diameter a of the portion 24 is 30% to 80%, more preferably 40% to 70%, and still more preferably 50% to 70%.

以上のような連通路５および絞り部材２２を設けてなる空気ばね４によれば、車両の振動等に起因する空気ばね内圧の増減に伴う、空気ばね４内もしくは補助タンク８内の空気の、連通路５、より直接的には、絞り部材２２の流路最狭窄部２４への通過に基いて、所期した通りのばね特性および振動減衰性能を発揮させ得ることはもちろん、絞り部材２２に設けた、少なくとも流動案内部１３の作用による空気流れの乱れの抑制により、加圧空気が連通路５を高速で通過することに起因する高周波騒音の発生を効果的に防ぐことができる。 According to the air spring 4 provided with the communication path 5 and the throttle member 22 as described above, the air in the air spring 4 or the auxiliary tank 8 with the increase or decrease of the air spring internal pressure caused by the vibration of the vehicle, etc. Based on the passage of the throttle member 22 to the flow path constriction 24, more directly, the throttle member 22 can exhibit the desired spring characteristics and vibration damping performance as a matter of course. By suppressing the turbulence of the air flow caused by at least the action of the flow guide portion 13 provided, it is possible to effectively prevent the generation of high-frequency noise caused by the pressurized air passing through the communication path 5 at a high speed.

ところで、図１,２に示すところではいずれも、絞り部材２２の小径の貫通からなる流路最狭窄部２４の全体を、下面板２の下面より下方側へ突出させて位置させることとしているも、その流路最狭窄部２４の一部が下面板２内に入り込む構成配置とすることも可能である。 By the way, in all of the places shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the entire flow path narrowed portion 24 composed of a small diameter penetration of the throttle member 22 is positioned so as to protrude downward from the lower surface of the lower surface plate 2. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a part of the flow channel most narrowed portion 24 enters the lower surface plate 2.

図３は他の実施形態を示す縦断面図であり、これらはいずれも、下面板２に設けた雌ねじ部１１に螺合させる絞り部材２２の形態を変更したものである。 FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another embodiment, and these are modified versions of the throttle member 22 to be screwed into the female screw portion 11 provided on the lower surface plate 2.

図３（ａ）に示すものは、下面板２の雌ねじ部１１に螺合させた絞り部材２２に、先に述べたと同様の大径座ぐり部１２ａおよび、小径貫通孔からなる流路最狭窄部２４のそれぞれを設けるとともに、流路最狭窄部２４の長さを、図１、２に示すものに比して幾分短くしたところにおいて、とくに、流路最狭窄部２４の上方側に隣接して位置する、流動案内部１３を、座ぐり部１２ａの底面の全体を含むテーパ状の面取り面よって形成するとともに、それの下方側に隣接する流動案内部１３をもまた同様のテーパ状広幅面取り面に形成したものであり、また、上面板１側から補助タンク８側に向けて先細りとなって、下面板２の上面に開口する、テーパ状の他の流動案内部１５および、絞り部材２２の上端部に形成されて、その流動案内部１５と同じ向きに傾斜して、補助タンク８側に向けて先細りとなる、テーパ状の他の流動案内部１４を設けたものである。
ここでも小径貫通孔は、補助タンク８側に偏って位置する流路最狭窄部２４を形成することになる。 3 (a) shows the narrowest flow path comprising a large-diameter counterbore 12a and a small-diameter through-hole similar to those described above, in the throttle member 22 screwed into the female thread portion 11 of the lower surface plate 2. FIG. Each of the portions 24 is provided, and the length of the channel narrowest portion 24 is slightly shorter than that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, particularly adjacent to the upper side of the channel narrowest portion 24. The flow guide portion 13 is formed by a tapered chamfered surface including the entire bottom surface of the counterbore portion 12a, and the flow guide portion 13 adjacent to the lower side of the flow guide portion 13 is also formed in the same tapered wide width. Other tapered flow guide portions 15 that are formed on a chamfered surface, taper from the upper surface plate 1 side toward the auxiliary tank 8 side, and open to the upper surface of the lower surface plate 2, and a throttle member 22 is formed at the upper end of the flow guide part 1 Inclined in the same direction as, tapers toward the auxiliary tank 8 side, is provided with a further flow guide portion 14 of the tapered.
Here, the small-diameter through hole forms the flow channel most narrowed portion 24 that is biased to the auxiliary tank 8 side.

ところで、この図３（ａ）に示す例においても、図１および２に示すものと同様に、上述したような他の流動案内部１５を設けることに代えて、もしくは加えて、雌ねじ穴が、その上端側、いいかえれば上面板１側に向けて、穴径を一段以上にわたってステップ状に拡径するものとすることもでき、この場合は、ステップ状の拡径部それ自体が、または、ステップ状の拡径部およびテーパ面もしくは曲面が相互に一体となって他の流動案内部１５を形成することになる。 By the way, in the example shown in FIG. 3 (a), in the same manner as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, instead of or in addition to providing the other flow guide portion 15 as described above, the female screw hole is The hole diameter can be increased stepwise over one or more steps toward the upper end side, in other words, the upper surface plate 1 side. In this case, the step-shaped expanded diameter itself or the step The other enlarged flow guide portion 15 is formed by integrating the enlarged diameter portion and the tapered surface or the curved surface.

また、図３（ｂ）に示すものは、下面板２の雌ねじ部１１に螺合させた、円筒状のプラグの貫通孔を、絞り部材２２の流路最狭窄部２４とし、この流路最狭窄部２４の上下に隣接させて設けたそれぞれのテーパ面を、流路最狭窄部２４に隣接して位置する流動案内部１３とするとともに、下面板２の上端隅部に形成した前述したと同様のテーパ面を他の流動案内部１５とするものである。 3 (b), the through hole of the cylindrical plug screwed into the female threaded portion 11 of the lower surface plate 2 is used as the flow channel narrowest portion 24 of the throttle member 22, and the flow channel is narrowest. The taper surfaces provided adjacent to the upper and lower portions of the narrowed portion 24 are the flow guide portions 13 positioned adjacent to the flow path narrowed portion 24 and are formed at the upper corners of the lower surface plate 2 as described above. A similar tapered surface is used as another flow guide portion 15.

なお、この図３（ｂ）に示す絞り部材２２において、流路最狭窄部２４と、テーパ面からなるそれぞれの流動案内部１３との間に曲面を介装して、その曲面および各テーパ面をもって流動案内部１３を形成することも可能であり、その曲面に代えて、一段以上のステップ状の段部を形成することも可能である。 In the throttle member 22 shown in FIG. 3B, a curved surface is interposed between the flow path narrowest portion 24 and each flow guide portion 13 formed of a tapered surface, and the curved surface and each tapered surface. It is also possible to form the flow guide portion 13 with one or more stepped steps instead of the curved surface.

そして、図３（ｃ）に示す例は、円筒状プラグからなる絞り部材２２の中心線を含む縦断面形状を、その絞り部材２２の延在方向の中央部が、流路が最も細い流路最狭窄部２４となる対称曲線形状とすることによって、その全体を曲線回転体形状に形成したものであり、ここでは、流路最狭窄部２４に隣接して、下面板２の上下方向に開口するそれぞれの曲面部分が、流動案内部１３を形成する。
またここでは、下面板２の上端隅部のテーパ面が、上面板１側の他の流動案内部１５を形成する。 The example shown in FIG. 3C has a longitudinal cross-sectional shape including the center line of the throttle member 22 made of a cylindrical plug, and the center portion in the extending direction of the throttle member 22 has the narrowest channel. By forming a symmetrical curved shape that becomes the narrowest constricted portion 24, the entire shape is formed into a curved rotating body shape, and here, an opening is formed in the vertical direction of the lower surface plate 2 adjacent to the flow constricted portion 24. Each curved surface portion that forms the flow guide portion 13.
Here, the tapered surface at the upper end corner of the lower surface plate 2 forms another flow guide portion 15 on the upper surface plate 1 side.

プラグ内腔から角ばった隅部を取り除いた、図示のこの絞り部材２２によれば、加圧空気がいずれの方向へ流動する場合にあっても、空気流れの乱れを一層有効に防止することができる。
そしてこのことは、絞り部材２２の上端および下端の各隅部にもテーパ面等を形成した場合にとくに効果的である。 According to the throttle member 22 shown in the figure, in which the corners rounded from the plug lumen are removed, air flow disturbance can be more effectively prevented regardless of the direction in which the pressurized air flows. it can.
This is particularly effective when a tapered surface or the like is formed at each corner of the upper end and the lower end of the aperture member 22.

さらに、図３（ｄ）に示す絞り部材は、図３（ｃ）に示す絞り部材２２の曲面部分に相当する部分を、流路最狭窄部２４を区画する幾分の曲面部分１９を残して、ステップ状の段部とし、これらの上下の各ステップ状段部を流動案内部１３としたものである。 Further, in the throttle member shown in FIG. 3D, a portion corresponding to the curved surface portion of the throttle member 22 shown in FIG. The stepped stepped portions are formed as the flow guide portions 13.

鉄道車両を支持できる寸法緒元を有する、標準高さにおける有効直径が３００〜６００φの空気ばねにおいて、支持荷重を５３．９kN（５５ton、内圧２５０kPa）、空気ばね標準高さを２１９mmとしたところにおいて、連通路および絞り部材の構造を、図１に示すものとし（実施例）、下側加振振幅を１．０〜１０．０mmの範囲で、そして、周波数を０．２〜４Hzの範囲内でそれぞれ変化させたときの高周波騒音の発生状況は表１に示す通りとなった。 In an air spring having an effective diameter of 300 to 600φ at a standard height that can support a railway vehicle, the support load is 53.9 kN (55 tons, internal pressure 250 kPa), and the standard height of the air spring is 219 mm. The structure of the communication path and the throttle member is as shown in FIG. 1 (Example), the lower excitation amplitude is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 mm, and the frequency is in the range of 0.2 to 4 Hz. Table 1 shows the state of high-frequency noise generated when each was changed.

なお表２に騒音の発生状況を示す従来例は、図４に示す構造を有するものとした。 In addition, the conventional example which shows the generation | occurrence | production state of noise in Table 2 shall have the structure shown in FIG.

表中の○は、高周波騒音の発生の無い場合を、×は、高周波騒音が明らかに発生する場合を、そして△は、明確ではないが、かすかに音が発生する場合をそれぞれ示す。 In the table, ◯ indicates a case where no high frequency noise is generated, X indicates a case where high frequency noise is clearly generated, and Δ indicates a case where sound is slightly generated although it is not clear.

表１、２のそれぞれに示されるところによれば、実施例は、従来例に比し、高い周波数域および、大きい振幅域においてすぐれた騒音防止機能を発揮し得ることが明らかである。

According to the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, it is clear that the embodiment can exhibit an excellent noise prevention function in a high frequency range and a large amplitude range as compared with the conventional example.

この発明に係る空気ばねの実施形態を、積層ゴムおよび補助タンクとともに示す、中心軸線を含む縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view including the central axis which shows embodiment of the air spring which concerns on this invention with laminated rubber and an auxiliary tank. 連通路および絞り部材の変形例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the modification of a communicating path and a throttle member. 絞り部材の他の実施形態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment of an aperture member. 従来の空気ばねの使用態様を例示する縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which illustrates the usage aspect of the conventional air spring.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１上面板
２下面板
３ゴムベローズ
４空気ばね
５連通路
６給排ノズル
７積層ゴム
８補助タンク
９内部空間
１０連結パイプ
１０ａＯリング
１１雌ねじ部
１２ａ座ぐり部
１３流動案内部
１４，１５他の流動案内部
１９曲面部分
２２絞り部材
２４流路最狭窄部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper surface board 2 Lower surface board 3 Rubber | gum bellows 4 Air spring 5 Communication path 6 Supply / discharge nozzle 7 Laminated rubber 8 Auxiliary tank 9 Internal space 10 Connection pipe 10a O-ring 11 Female thread part 12a Counterbore part 13 Flow guide part 14,15 Others Flow guide part 19 Curved surface part 22 Throttle member 24 Channel narrowest part

Claims

上面板（１）および下面板（２）と、これらの面板にそれぞれの端部分を気密に連結した筒状可撓膜体とを具え、下面板（２）に設けた連通路（５）を介して補助タンク（８）に連通される空気ばねにおいて、
前記連通路（５）内に配設され、下面板（２）とは別体になる絞り部材（２２）と、
この絞り部材（２２）の上面板側に設けた座ぐり部（１２ａ）と、
絞り部材の補助タンク側に設けた流路最狭窄部（２４）と、
流路最狭窄部（２４）の、上面板側および補助タンク側の少なくとも一方側に隣接させて設けられて、流路最狭窄部（２４）に向けて流路を次第に狭める流動案内部（１３）とを有し、
この流動案内部（１３）の、流路最狭窄部（２４）から最も離隔した端部の径に対する、流路最狭窄部の径が３０％以上８０％以下であることを特徴とする空気ばね。 An upper surface plate (1) and a lower surface plate (2), and a cylindrical flexible film body in which end portions thereof are airtightly connected to these face plates, and a communication path (5) provided in the lower surface plate (2) are provided. An air spring communicated with the auxiliary tank (8) via
A throttle member (22) disposed in the communication path (5) and separate from the bottom plate (2);
A counterbore (12a) provided on the upper plate side of the aperture member (22),
The narrowest channel portion (24) provided on the auxiliary tank side of the throttle member;
A flow guide portion (13) which is provided adjacent to at least one of the upper surface plate side and the auxiliary tank side of the flow channel most narrowed portion (24) and gradually narrows the flow channel toward the flow channel most narrowed portion (24). )
The air spring characterized in that the diameter of the narrowest channel portion is not less than 30% and not more than 80% with respect to the diameter of the end portion of the flow guide portion (13) farthest from the narrowest channel portion (24). .

上面板（１）および下面板（２）と、これらの面板にそれぞれの端部分を気密に連結した筒状可撓膜体とを具え、下面板（２）に設けた連通路（５）を介して補助タンク（８）に連通される空気ばねにおいて、
前記連通路（５）内に配設され、下面板（２）とは別体になる絞り部材（２２）と、
絞り部材に設けた流路最狭窄部（２４）と、
流路最狭窄部（２４）の、上面板側および補助タンク側の少なくとも一方側に隣接させて設けられて、流路最狭窄部（２４）に向けて流路を次第に狭める流動案内部（１３）とを有し、
この流動案内部（１３）の、流路最狭窄部（２４）から最も離隔した端部の径に対する、流路最狭窄部の径が３０％以上８０％以下であることを特徴とする空気ばね。 An upper surface plate (1) and a lower surface plate (2), and a cylindrical flexible film body in which end portions thereof are airtightly connected to these face plates, and a communication path (5) provided in the lower surface plate (2) are provided. An air spring communicated with the auxiliary tank (8) via
A throttle member (22) disposed in the communication path (5) and separate from the bottom plate (2);
The narrowest channel portion (24) provided in the throttle member;
A flow guide portion (13) which is provided adjacent to at least one of the upper surface plate side and the auxiliary tank side of the flow channel most narrowed portion (24) and gradually narrows the flow channel toward the flow channel most narrowed portion (24). )
The air spring characterized in that the diameter of the narrowest channel portion is not less than 30% and not more than 80% with respect to the diameter of the end portion of the flow guide portion (13) farthest from the narrowest channel portion (24). .

連通路および絞り部材の少なくとも一方の、上面板側もしくは補助タンク側の一方の端部分に、絞り部材の流路最狭窄部に向けて流路を次第に狭める他の流動案内部を設けてなる請求項１もしくは２に記載の空気ばね。 At least one of the communication path and the throttle member is provided with another flow guide portion that gradually narrows the flow path toward the narrowest flow path portion of the throttle member at one end portion on the upper plate side or the auxiliary tank side. Item 3. The air spring according to Item 1 or 2.

各流動案内部を、流路最狭窄部の中心線の周りでの、直線、曲線およびステップ状線分の少なくとも一種類からなる回転体形状に構成してなる請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の空気ばね。 Each flow guide part is comprised in the rotating body shape which consists of a straight line, a curve, and a step-shaped line segment around the centerline of a flow-path constriction part in any one of Claims 1-3. The air spring described.

絞り部材の流路最狭窄部を、連通路内で、補助タンク側へ偏せて位置させてなる請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の空気ばね。 The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the narrowest portion of the flow path of the throttle member is located in the communication path so as to be biased toward the auxiliary tank.

絞り部材の流路最狭窄部を、下面板に、補助タンク側への突出姿勢で設けてなる請求項５に記載の空気ばね。 The air spring according to claim 5, wherein the narrowest portion of the flow path of the throttle member is provided on the lower surface plate so as to protrude toward the auxiliary tank.