JP4848292B2 - Refractory kneading machine and refractory kneading method - Google Patents

Refractory kneading machine and refractory kneading method Download PDF

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JP4848292B2
JP4848292B2 JP2007009559A JP2007009559A JP4848292B2 JP 4848292 B2 JP4848292 B2 JP 4848292B2 JP 2007009559 A JP2007009559 A JP 2007009559A JP 2007009559 A JP2007009559 A JP 2007009559A JP 4848292 B2 JP4848292 B2 JP 4848292B2
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refractory
stirrer
stirring
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潔 後藤
貴之 内田
孝之 犬塚
亨 野口
和宏 浅見
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Pacific Machinery and Engineering Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

本発明は鉄鋼精練等に使用される耐火物の混練に関する。   The present invention relates to kneading of a refractory used for steel refining and the like.

不定形耐火物、とりわけ流し込み材、キャスタブル耐火物(以下ではキャスタブル耐火物と呼ぶ)は、築造施工の前に水やバインダーなどの混練液と混練する。なおこの工程は混和、ねっか、練り混ぜなどとも呼ばれる。以下ではこれらを混練と呼ぶ。この混練工程で、不定形耐火物を構成する固体、すなわち塊や粒や粉の間に混練液を十分に行き渡らせ、また場合によっては一部の成分を混練液に溶解させる。
こうする事により、まとまり、流動性、可塑性、緻密性などの必要な性質を備えた、均質で施工性と最終的に耐火物として耐用性に優れた混練物を得ることができる。
Amorphous refractories, especially cast materials and castable refractories (hereinafter referred to as castable refractories) are kneaded with a kneading liquid such as water or a binder prior to construction. This process is also referred to as mixing, netting, and kneading. Hereinafter, these are referred to as kneading. In this kneading step, the kneaded liquid is sufficiently spread between solids constituting the amorphous refractory, that is, lump, grain, and powder, and in some cases, some components are dissolved in the kneaded liquid.
By doing so, it is possible to obtain a kneaded product having necessary properties such as cohesion, fluidity, plasticity, and compactness, which is homogeneous, workable, and finally excellent in durability as a refractory.

不定形耐火物について説明しておく。不定形耐火物は主にAl、SiO、MgO、CaO、ZrO、Cr、TiO、SiC、Cなどの成分を主とする耐火材の塊、粒、粉からなる。またセメントやマグネシア微粉や水硬化性アルミナのような水和性硬化剤、粘土、粉末水ガラス、粉末樹脂粉末ピッチ、凝集剤などのバインダーや副成分が含まれるのが常である。
さらに無機、有機、金属のファイバー、解膠剤や減水剤や分散剤(以下ではこれらを総称して減水剤と呼ぶ)、作業性調整剤、硬化調整剤、乾燥性調整剤などの添加物が含まれることもある。これらに加えて混練液、すなわち水あるいは有機溶媒、もしくはこれらに樹脂や無機物あるいは有機物を溶解あるいは分散させた物の一種あるいは二種以上を所定量添加して混練する。不定形耐火物とは塊、粒、粉やその他の副成分、添加物の混合物、混練した後の混練物のいずれをも指す。
I will explain the irregular refractory. Amorphous refractories mainly consist of lumps, grains, and powders of refractory materials mainly composed of components such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, CaO, ZrO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiC, and C. . In addition, binders and subcomponents such as hydratable hardeners such as cement, magnesia fine powder and water curable alumina, clay, powder water glass, powder resin powder pitch, and flocculant are usually included.
In addition, additives such as inorganic, organic and metal fibers, peptizers, water reducing agents and dispersants (hereinafter collectively referred to as water reducing agents), workability adjusting agents, curing adjusting agents, drying adjusting agents, etc. May be included. In addition to these, a predetermined amount of kneading liquid, that is, water or an organic solvent, or one in which a resin, an inorganic substance, or an organic substance is dissolved or dispersed therein is added in a predetermined amount and kneaded. The amorphous refractory refers to any of lumps, grains, powders and other subcomponents, a mixture of additives, and a kneaded product after kneading.

また不定形耐火物だけでなく、プレス成形して製造するれんがについても、成形前の「坏土」も、不定形耐火物と同様の原料を混練して得る。このように耐火物の製造、使用工程における混練の役割は重大である。
不定形耐火物や耐火物坏土の混練に用いる装置(以下、混練機と呼ぶ)には多種多様なものがある。
たとえば非特許文献1には多くの種類の混練機が例示されている。不定形耐火物、中でも使用量の多いキャスタブル耐火物の混練に用いられることが多いのが、ウェイストミキサー、平型ミキサー、パンミキサーなどと呼ばれる型である。ボルテックスミキサー((株)北川鉄工所製)、ターボミキサー(大平洋機工(株)製)などが代表的な製品である。これらを総称して以下では平型混練機と呼ぶ。この混練機が多用されるのは、その機構が簡単であることと、粒径が10μm以下のいわゆる超微粉を含有しない、あるいは含有量3質量%未満のキャスタブル耐火物であれば、施工に支障がない程度の流動性のある混練物が得られるためである。
Further, not only the irregular refractory but also the brick produced by press molding, “soil” before molding is obtained by kneading the same raw materials as the irregular refractory. Thus, the role of kneading in the production and use processes of refractories is crucial.
There are a wide variety of apparatuses (hereinafter referred to as kneaders) used for kneading irregular refractories and refractory clays.
For example, Non-Patent Document 1 illustrates many types of kneaders. A type called a waste mixer, a flat mixer, a pan mixer, or the like is often used for kneading amorphous refractories, particularly castable refractories that are used in large quantities. Typical products are vortex mixers (made by Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd.), turbo mixers (made by Taiheiyo Kiko Co., Ltd.), etc. Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as a flat kneader. This kneader is frequently used because its mechanism is simple and it does not contain so-called ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less, or if it is a castable refractory with a content of less than 3% by mass, it hinders construction. This is because a kneaded material having fluidity to the extent that there is no slag is obtained.

ところで、近年のキャスタブル耐火物は高耐用性を追求し、粒径10μm未満の超微粉を多用する傾向にある。たとえば、特許文献1には、粒径7μm未満の仮焼アルミナと呼ばれる超微粉を5〜15質量%含有する耐火物が記載されている。なお耐火物で使用される超微粉とはアルミナ、スピネル、シリカ、またはこれらの混合物である。
他方、コンクリートの混練に用いられる混練機として、特許文献2〜4に記載のような、下部が逆円錐台形で上に開いたホッパー形の材料保持容器と、容器中心の鉛直軸で回転するらせん形あるいはチョッパー形の内側攪拌子と、内側攪拌子と同軸で容器内壁に沿って回転する1本あるいは2本以上の外側攪拌子とを備えた混練機がある。
By the way, the castable refractories in recent years have pursued high durability and tend to use a lot of ultra fine powder having a particle size of less than 10 μm. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a refractory containing 5 to 15% by mass of ultrafine powder called calcined alumina having a particle size of less than 7 μm. The ultrafine powder used in the refractory is alumina, spinel, silica, or a mixture thereof.
On the other hand, as a kneading machine used for kneading concrete, a hopper-shaped material holding container whose upper part is an inverted frustoconical shape and opened upward as described in Patent Documents 2 to 4, and a spiral that rotates on a vertical axis at the center of the container There is a kneader equipped with a shaped or chopper-shaped inner stirrer and one or more outer stirrers that are coaxial with the inner stirrer and rotate along the inner wall of the container.

この混練機は、図7の概念図に示すように、混練機は、らせん状の内側攪拌子として内羽根1、外側攪拌子として複数の外羽根2と、これらを支える外羽根アーム3、下部が逆円錐台形の容器4、内羽根の回転軸5、同回転軸に接続されたスプロケットホイールあるいは歯車あるいはプーリー6、内羽根動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン7、内羽根用モーター8、外羽根の回転軸9、外羽根動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン10、外羽根用モーター11、材料排出ゲート12などからなる。具体的な製品としては、大平洋機工(株)製HFコーンミキサーとして販売されている。以下ではこれを逆円錐型混練機と呼ぶ。
この混練機は混練時間、排出時間が短く、材料の滞留膠着がなく、材料の共回りを抑制でき、均質な混練物を得ることができる。また補強繊維を添加した場合でも良好に混練でき、高強度のコンクリート施工体が得られる。
As shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 7, the kneading machine includes an inner blade 1 as a spiral inner stirrer, a plurality of outer blades 2 as outer stirrers, an outer blade arm 3 that supports these, and a lower part. Is an inverted frustoconical container 4, an inner blade rotation shaft 5, a sprocket wheel or gear or pulley 6 connected to the rotation shaft, an inner blade power transmission belt or chain 7, an inner blade motor 8, and an outer blade rotation. The shaft 9 is composed of an outer blade power transmission belt or chain 10, an outer blade motor 11, a material discharge gate 12, and the like. As a specific product, it is sold as an HF corn mixer manufactured by Taiheiyo Kiko Co., Ltd. Hereinafter, this is referred to as an inverted cone type kneader.
This kneader has a short kneading time and discharge time, no material sticking and sticking, can suppress the co-rotation of the material, and can obtain a homogeneous kneaded product. Moreover, even when the reinforcing fiber is added, it can be kneaded well, and a high-strength concrete construction body can be obtained.

特開平11−322448号公報JP-A-11-322448 特公平2−33281号公報Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-33321 特開平8−150330号公報JP-A-8-150330 特開2003−159522号公報JP 2003-159522 A 耐火物手帳‘99(耐火物技術協会編)276〜278頁Refractory Notebook '99 (Refractory Technology Association) 276-278 pages

前述のように、近年のキャスタブル耐火物は、粒径が10μm以下のいわゆる超微粉を多用してきた結果、著しく混練が困難になっている。超微粉は耐火物組織を緻密にするため耐用性向上に有効であるが、水やバインダーなどの混練液に濡れにくく、混練が難しい。この対策として、減水剤を加え、それなりの成果をあげているが、十分とは言えない。
その理由は、平型混練機では、攪拌子で材料の塊を押すあるいは切り返す(上下を逆転させる)という操作が主体で、濡れにくい材料塊の内部まで混練液を行き渡らせるのが容易ではないためと考えられる。
As described above, castable refractories in recent years have made remarkably difficult to knead as a result of using so-called ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less. Ultrafine powder is effective in improving durability because it makes the refractory structure dense, but it is difficult to wet with a kneading liquid such as water or a binder, and kneading is difficult. As a countermeasure, a water reducing agent has been added to achieve some results, but it is not enough.
The reason for this is that, in a flat kneader, the operation is mainly to push or turn the lump of material with a stirrer (reverse up and down), and it is not easy to spread the kneaded liquid to the inside of the lump that is difficult to wet. it is conceivable that.

他方、逆円錐型混練機でも、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した耐火物を混練に用いても、著しく混練が困難である。例えば、特許文献3に開示されている混練機には、整流板あるいは補助旋回部材なるものが具備されている。これは混練物を容器の中心方向、すなわち内側攪拌子方向へ誘導するために設けられており、混練動作中に混練材料が混練容器中で滞留したり、あるいは、回転する攪拌手段に膠着して共回りを起こさない様にすることを目的としている。   On the other hand, even with an inverted cone type kneader, kneading is extremely difficult even when a refractory using a large amount of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is used for kneading. For example, the kneading machine disclosed in Patent Document 3 is provided with a current plate or an auxiliary turning member. This is provided to guide the kneaded material toward the center of the container, that is, toward the inner stirrer, and the kneaded material stays in the kneading container during the kneading operation or sticks to the rotating stirring means. The purpose is to prevent co-rotation.

しかしながら、混練物の滞留を解消する目的で整流板、あるいは補助旋回部材を取り付けると、混練機の内部構造は著しく複雑になる。そのため、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した不定形耐火物の混練物を対象とした場合、この混練物が整流板や補助旋回部材に一度付着すると、水洗によって除去するのが容易ではない。
このため、洗浄に莫大な手間と時間を要することとなるため、複雑な構造は避けることが重要である。また、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した不定形耐火物の混練物は粘性が高いため、整流板や補助旋回部材を設置すると、混練物が共回りしやすくなり、うまく混練ができず不都合である。
However, if a baffle plate or an auxiliary swivel member is attached for the purpose of eliminating stagnation of the kneaded material, the internal structure of the kneader becomes extremely complicated. Therefore, when a kneaded product of an irregular refractory material using a large amount of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is targeted, once this kneaded product adheres to the current plate or the auxiliary swivel member, it is not easy to remove by washing with water.
For this reason, since a lot of labor and time are required for cleaning, it is important to avoid a complicated structure. In addition, the irregular refractory kneaded material that uses a lot of ultrafine powder with a particle size of 10 μm or less has a high viscosity. Therefore, if a baffle plate or auxiliary swivel member is installed, the kneaded material tends to rotate together and cannot be kneaded well. It is.

さらに、耐火物は硬質のアルミナを主成分とするものが多く、混練機部材が磨耗しやすい。そのため、構造が複雑になるほど磨耗によって機能が低下しやすくなり、また部品点数が多いため磨耗時の交換に要する手間と時間、さらには部品購入のコストが増大するなど、維持管理が大変になるという問題がある。
この様に、粒径10μm以下の超微粉は耐火物組織を緻密にするため耐用性向上に有効であるが、水やバインダーなどの混練液に濡れにくく、混練が難しいという問題は、解決されていない。
Furthermore, many refractory materials are mainly composed of hard alumina, and the kneader members are easily worn. Therefore, the more complex the structure, the more likely it is that the function will be degraded by wear, and the greater the number of parts, the greater the effort and time required for replacement during wear, and the greater the cost of purchasing parts. There's a problem.
As described above, the ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is effective in improving the durability because the refractory structure is dense. However, the problem that it is difficult to wet with a kneading liquid such as water or a binder and is difficult to knead has been solved. Absent.

一方、キャスタブルを含む不定形耐火物の、流動性などの施工の容易さを示す指標は混練液の量に比例して向上する。しかし、施工体の耐用性は混練液の量に比例して悪くなる傾向がある。従って、耐用性と施工の容易さを両立させるために、少量の混練液でも流動性の高い混練物が得られ、その施工体が高耐用性を発揮するような混練方法が切望されている。   On the other hand, the index which shows the ease of construction, such as fluidity | liquidity, of the amorphous refractory containing a castable improves in proportion to the quantity of a kneading liquid. However, the durability of the construction body tends to deteriorate in proportion to the amount of the kneading liquid. Therefore, in order to achieve both durability and ease of construction, a kneading method in which a kneaded material having high fluidity can be obtained with a small amount of kneading liquid and the construction body exhibits high durability is eagerly desired.

本発明は、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を所定量含有する不定形耐火物であっても、少量の混練液でも流動性の高い混練物が得られ、その施工体が高耐用性を発揮できるような、構造が簡単なために混練中の共回りがなく、混練物の滞留を防止可能な逆円錐型混練機、および耐火物の混練方法を提供することを目的とする。   Even if the present invention is an amorphous refractory containing a predetermined amount of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less, a kneaded material having high fluidity can be obtained even with a small amount of kneading liquid, and the construction body can exhibit high durability. It is an object of the present invention to provide an inverted cone type kneader and a refractory kneading method capable of preventing the kneaded material from staying because of its simple structure and without co-rotation during kneading.

この課題を解決すべく、様々な検討を加え、本発明に至った。本発明の要旨は、以下の通りである。
(1) 逆円錐台形の下部を備えた容器と、容器中心の鉛直軸で回転する内側攪拌子と、これと同軸で容器内壁に沿って回転する外側攪拌子と、前記内側攪拌子の回転軸と、前記外側攪拌子の回転軸とを備えた、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混練する耐火物用混練機において、前記外側攪拌子は、それを支える支持部材に、下端を自由端として接続され、前記外側攪拌子を支える支持部材は、アームを介して前記外側攪拌子の回転軸と接続されると共に、該支持部材と一体的に形成される攪拌補助部材を備えているか、又は、該支持部材に取り付けられる攪拌補助部材を備え、該攪拌補助部材は、前記内側攪拌子と前記外側攪拌子の間の混練物を移動させるために、前記外側攪拌子と前記内側攪拌子の間に配置され、且つ、その形状は、板状部材、板状部材の上部と下部を逆方向にねじった形状のねじれ部材、又は、水平断面が円弧形状の曲がり部材であることを特徴とする耐火物用混練機。
(2) 前記外側攪拌子およびそれを支える支持部材は複数本備えられ、該複数本の支持部材の少なくともいずれかに、前記攪拌補助部材が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の耐火物用混練機。
In order to solve this problem, various studies have been made to arrive at the present invention. The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A container having an inverted frustoconical lower part, an inner stirrer rotating about a vertical axis at the center of the container, an outer stirrer rotating coaxially along the inner wall of the container, and a rotation axis of the inner stirrer When, and a rotation shaft of the outer stirrer, in refractories kneader for kneading a monolithic refractory containing 3 to 20 wt% at an internal over the following ultrafine particle size 10 [mu] m, the outer stirrer Is connected to the supporting member that supports the lower stirrer with the lower end as a free end, and the supporting member that supports the outer stirrer is connected to the rotating shaft of the outer stirrer via an arm and is integral with the supporting member. or has a stirring aid member that will be formed on, or provided with a stirrer auxiliary member attached to the support member, the stirring assisting member, for moving the kneaded product between the inner stirring bar and said outer stirrer The outer stirrer and the inner stirrer Is disposed between the child and its shape is a plate-shaped member, torsion member having a shape twisted at the top and bottom plate members in the opposite direction, or a horizontal cross section of the bending member der Rukoto arcuate A kneading machine for refractories.
(2) The outer stirrer and a plurality of support members supporting the outer stirrer are provided, and at least one of the plurality of support members is provided with the agitation assisting member. Refractory kneading machine.

) 前記内側攪拌子及び前記外側攪拌子の少なくともいずれかを、前記容器から取り外す取り外し装置を備えていることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の耐火物混練機。
) 上記の(1)〜()のいずれかに記載の混練機を用いて、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混練することを特徴とする耐火物の混練方法。
(5) 前記耐火物用混練機を用いて、混練液を添加する前に、前記粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混錬し、次に、前記耐火物用混練機の各攪拌子を動かしながら混練液を添加して混練することを特徴とする(4)に記載の耐火物の混練方法。
(3) the one least the inner stirrer and the outer stirrer refractories kneader according to (1) or (2) by being provided with the extraction device to be removed from the container.
( 4 ) Using the kneader according to any one of (1) to ( 3 ) above, kneading an amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less. A refractory kneading method characterized by the above.
(5) Using the refractory kneader, before adding the kneading liquid, knead the amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of the ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less, The kneading method for a refractory according to (4), wherein the kneading liquid is added and kneaded while moving each stirring bar of the refractory kneading machine.

本発明により、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を所定量含有する不定形耐火物であっても、高流動性、低水分の混練物を得て、より高耐食性で高耐用性の施工体を得ることができる。従って、同じ量の耐火物をより長期間使用できるようになることから、鉄鋼を始めとする金属精錬に掛かる耐火物コストを低減することができ、非常に有用である。   According to the present invention, even with an irregular refractory containing a predetermined amount of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less, a kneaded product having high fluidity and low moisture is obtained, and a construction body with higher corrosion resistance and higher durability is obtained. be able to. Therefore, since the same amount of refractory can be used for a longer period of time, the refractory cost for refining metals including steel can be reduced, which is very useful.

本発明者らは、外側攪拌子と内側攪拌子を有する逆円錐型混練機を用いて不定形耐火物を混練する場合、特に、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した耐火物を混練する際に、外側攪拌子と内側攪拌子の間で混練物が滞留している様子が見受けられることから、この部分にさらに内側攪拌子と外側攪拌子の間の混練物を移動させるための攪拌補助部材を配置することにより、混練物の滞留を解消できることに着目し、これにより粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した耐火物を混練しても、混練動作中に混練材料が混練容器中で滞留したり、あるいは、回転する攪拌手段に膠着して共回りを起こさない様にすることができることを新たに見出し、本発明に至った。
この攪拌補助部材の形状としては、板状部材、ねじれ部材、曲がり部材等の種々の形状とすることが可能である。
When the present inventors knead an irregular refractory using an inverted cone type kneader having an outer stirrer and an inner stirrer, particularly when kneading a refractory using a large amount of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less. In addition, since a state in which the kneaded material remains between the outer stirrer and the inner stirrer can be seen, a stirring auxiliary member for further moving the kneaded material between the inner stirrer and the outer stirrer to this portion In this way, the kneaded material stays in the kneading container during the kneading operation even when kneading a refractory using a lot of ultrafine powder with a particle size of 10 μm or less. Or, it has been newly found that it can be prevented from co-rotating by sticking to the rotating stirring means, and the present invention has been achieved.
As the shape of the stirring assisting member, various shapes such as a plate-like member, a twisting member, and a bending member can be used.

以下に、本発明の逆円錐型混練機について、攪拌補助部材として板状部材を用いた場合を例に挙げて、図1〜6を用いて詳細に説明する。ここで、図1〜6は本発明の逆円錐型混練機の概念図を例示的に示しているものであり、この形態に限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the reverse cone type kneader of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Here, FIGS. 1-6 shows the conceptual diagram of the inverted cone type kneading machine of this invention exemplarily, and it is not limited to this form.

図1に示す様に、本発明の逆円錐型混練機は、らせん状の内側攪拌子1、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dと、それを支える支持部材3a、3b、3c、3d、下部が逆円錐台形の容器4と、内側攪拌子1の回転軸5と、同回転軸5に接続されたスプロケットホイールあるいは歯車あるいはプーリー6と、内側攪拌子動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン7と、内側攪拌子用モータ8と、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dの回転軸9と、外側攪拌子動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン10と、外側攪拌子用モータ11と、材料排出ゲート12などからなる。
支持部材3a、3b、3c、3dは、アーム13a、13b、13c、13dを介して回転軸9と接続されると共に、支持部材3a、3bは、混練物を動かす板状部材(攪拌板)14a、14bを備え、この板状部材14a、14bは、支持部材3a、3bと一体的に形成されるか、又は、支持部材3a、3bに取り付けられている
As shown in FIG. 1, the inverted conical kneader of the present invention includes a spiral inner stirrer 1, outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, and supporting members 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d that support the stirrer. The lower part is an inverted frustoconical container 4, the rotating shaft 5 of the inner stirrer 1, the sprocket wheel or gear or pulley 6 connected to the rotating shaft 5, the inner stirrer power transmission belt or chain 7, the inner A stirrer motor 8, a rotating shaft 9 of outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, an outer stirrer power transmission belt or chain 10, an outer stirrer motor 11, a material discharge gate 12 and the like. .
Supporting members 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are arms 13a, 13b, 13c, is connected to the rotary shaft 9 through 13d Rutotomoni, support members 3a, 3b is a plate-like member (agitating plate) to move the kneaded material 14a , 14b, and the plate-like members 14a, 14b are formed integrally with the support members 3a, 3b or attached to the support members 3a, 3b .

なお、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dの本数は4本に限定するものではない。また攪拌板14a、14bの数および支持部材3a、3b、3c、3dのいずれに設けるかは適宜調節できる。
また、動力伝達と減速の方法は図1に示した方法、すなわちベルトあるいはチェーン7、10を介したスプロケットホイールあるいは歯車あるいはプーリー6で行う方法に限定するものではない。これ以外の伝達および減速方法、たとえば歯車やシャフトによるもので、ベルトやチェーンを介さない方法などを適宜取ることができる。
The number of outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d is not limited to four. Further, the number of stirring plates 14a and 14b and which of the supporting members 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are provided can be adjusted as appropriate.
Further, the method of power transmission and deceleration is not limited to the method shown in FIG. 1, that is, the method performed by the sprocket wheel or the gear or the pulley 6 via the belt or chain 7 or 10. Other transmission and reduction methods, for example, using gears and shafts, and methods that do not involve belts or chains, can be taken as appropriate.

まず、内側攪拌子1の作用について、説明する。内側攪拌子1の回転数、回転方法は任意に設定できるものの、以下に例示するように設定すると高い効果が得られる。
すなわち、内側攪拌子1は、材料すなわち不定形耐火物、あるいは定形耐火物の坏土を掻き揚げるようにピッチ(以下、「角度」と記載することがある。)と回転方向を設定する。
外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dは材料を掻き取る、あるいは掻き落とす、あるいは下に押し込むようにピッチと回転方向を設定する。
First, the operation of the inner stirring bar 1 will be described. Although the rotation speed and rotation method of the inner stirring bar 1 can be arbitrarily set, a high effect can be obtained by setting as exemplified below.
That is, the inner stirrer 1 sets the pitch (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “angle”) and the rotation direction so as to lift up the material, that is, the irregular refractory or the clay of the fixed refractory.
The outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d set the pitch and rotation direction so that the material is scraped, scraped, or pushed down.

容器4の下部が逆円錐台形となっているため外側攪拌子で掻き取り落とされた材料は内側攪拌子1に供給される。材料はこの一連の動きが繰り返されることで効果的に混練される。なお、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dが複数ある場合は、それぞれの攪拌子が前記の三機能のいずれを担っていてもよく、すべての攪拌子が同じ機能を担う必要は必ずしもない。
内側攪拌子1と外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dの回転方向は逆にすることが好ましい。内側攪拌子1の回転数(角速度)は外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dよりも速く設定することが好ましい。
Since the lower part of the container 4 has an inverted frustoconical shape, the material scraped off by the outer stirrer is supplied to the inner stirrer 1. The material is kneaded effectively by repeating this series of movements. When there are a plurality of outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, each stirrer may have any of the above three functions, and all the stirrers need not necessarily have the same function.
The rotation directions of the inner stirring bar 1 and the outer stirring bars 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are preferably reversed. The rotational speed (angular velocity) of the inner stirring bar 1 is preferably set faster than the outer stirring bars 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.

内側攪拌子がチョッパー形の場合は、チョッパー羽根一枚一枚が材料を掻き揚げるようにする、チョッパー羽根がらせん状に配置され、そのらせんが材料を掻き揚げるようにする、のいずれかあるいは両方であるようにする。
内側攪拌子1の回転数は、その周速が最低1m/s以上とすることが望ましい。これ未満では十分に混練することができず、混練物の流動性低下や施工体品質低下を招く。さらに望ましくは3m/s以上である。
一方、最高回転数は装置の機械的強度やモーター出力などによって決まるが、実用上は10m/s程度が限界である。
If the inner stirrer is chopper-shaped, either one or both of the chopper blades can lift up the material, the chopper blades can be arranged in a spiral, and the spiral can lift up the material, or both To be.
As for the rotation speed of the inner stirring bar 1, the peripheral speed is desirably at least 1 m / s or more. If it is less than this, kneading | mixing cannot fully be performed, but the fluidity | liquidity fall of a kneaded material and a construction body quality fall will be caused. More desirably, it is 3 m / s or more.
On the other hand, the maximum number of revolutions is determined by the mechanical strength of the device, the motor output, etc., but in practice it is about 10 m / s.

また、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dの回転数は最低0.3m/s以上することが望ましい。これ未満では十分に混練することができず、混練物の流動性低下や施工体品質低下を招く。この場合も最高回転数は装置の機械的強度やモーター出力などによって決まるが、実用上は8m/s程度が限界である。
以上のように設定して逆円錐型混練機を運転すると、材料は内側攪拌子1によって掻き揚げられ、さらに遠心力によって器壁方向に投射される。投射された材料は自重で落下するか、あるいは器壁に付着する。器壁に付着した材料は外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dによって掻き取られ自重で落下するか、掻き落とされるか、下に押し込まれる。容器4下部に達した材料は再び内側攪拌子1によって掻き揚げられ、同じ動きを繰り返す。
In addition, the rotational speed of the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d is preferably at least 0.3 m / s. If it is less than this, kneading | mixing cannot fully be performed, but the fluidity | liquidity fall of a kneaded material and a construction body quality fall will be caused. In this case as well, the maximum rotational speed is determined by the mechanical strength of the apparatus, the motor output, etc., but in practice it is about 8 m / s.
When the inverted conical kneader is operated with the above settings, the material is scraped by the inner stirrer 1 and further projected toward the container wall by centrifugal force. The projected material falls by its own weight or adheres to the vessel wall. The material adhering to the vessel wall is scraped off by the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d and falls by its own weight, scraped off or pushed down. The material that has reached the bottom of the container 4 is again raked up by the inner stirring bar 1 and repeats the same movement.

この過程で、耐火物は効果的に混練される。平型混練機と比較して混練性が優れる理由は、材料を掻き揚げる際、あるいは投射する際に材料に大きなせん断応力や動圧が掛かり、材料塊が引きちぎられ細分化すると同時に混練液が強い力で押し込まれるためと考えられる。
特に、混練液を添加する場合は、材料に大きなせん断応力や動圧が掛かり、材料塊が引きちぎられ細分化すると同時に、混練液が強い力で押し込まれるためと考えられる。このため混練液は粒界に均一に分散し、かつ気泡は効果的に押し出されるものと考えられる。
その結果、混練物は高い流動性を示し、施工体は優れた特性を示すなど、平型混練機と比較すると、逆円錐型混練機に特有の優れた混練特性が発現すると考えられる。
In this process, the refractory is kneaded effectively. The reason why the kneadability is superior compared to the flat kneader is that when the material is scraped or projected, the material is subjected to a large shear stress or dynamic pressure, the material lump is torn and subdivided and the kneading liquid is strong It is thought to be pushed by force.
In particular, when a kneading liquid is added, it is considered that a large shear stress or dynamic pressure is applied to the material, the material lump is torn and subdivided, and the kneading liquid is pushed in with a strong force. For this reason, it is considered that the kneaded liquid is uniformly dispersed at the grain boundaries, and the bubbles are effectively pushed out.
As a result, it is considered that the kneaded material exhibits high fluidity and the construction body exhibits excellent characteristics, such as excellent kneading characteristics peculiar to the inverted cone kneader, as compared with a flat kneader.

しかし、上記の様な、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dと内側攪拌子1を有する逆円錐型混練機を用いて不定形耐火物の混練を行う際に、攪拌補助部材が設置されていない場合、外側攪拌子と内側攪拌子の間で混練物が滞留している様子が見受けられたことから、さらに混練性を向上させるために、この部分にさらに攪拌補助部材として板状部材(以降、攪拌板と記載することがある)を配置させた。   However, when the amorphous refractory is kneaded using the inverted cone type kneader having the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d and the inner stirrer 1 as described above, a stirring auxiliary member is installed. In the case where there is not, since a state in which the kneaded material stays between the outer stirrer and the inner stirrer was observed, in order to further improve the kneadability, a plate-like member (hereinafter referred to as a stirring auxiliary member) , Sometimes referred to as a stirring plate).

この攪拌板14a、14bは、内側攪拌子と外側攪拌子の間で滞留しがちな混練物を動かすために、実際に材料を混練している内側攪拌子1や外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dに供給でき、このため、得られる混練物の性状は、攪拌板14a、14bの存在によって向上することができる。以下に、攪拌板について、詳細に説明する。
図2に示すように、攪拌板14a、14bは支持部材3a、3bに取り付けられている。これらは外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dと内側攪拌子1の間の空間に位置し、この部分に滞留しがちな混練物を効果的に動かすことができる。
攪拌板14a、14bの支持部材への取り付け位置は、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dと内側攪拌子1の間の空間の位置で、かつ、内側攪拌子1や容器4に接触しない範囲であればどこでも良く、適宜、設定または調節すれば良い。
The stirring plates 14a and 14b are used to move the kneaded material that tends to stay between the inner stirring bar and the outer stirring bar, and the inner stirring bar 1 and the outer stirring bars 2a, 2b, and 2c that are actually kneading the materials. Therefore, the properties of the resulting kneaded product can be improved by the presence of the stirring plates 14a and 14b. Below, a stirring plate is demonstrated in detail.
As shown in FIG. 2, the stirring plates 14a and 14b are attached to the supporting members 3a and 3b. These are located in the space between the outer stirrer 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the inner stirrer 1, and can effectively move the kneaded material that tends to stay in this portion.
The mounting positions of the stirring plates 14a and 14b to the support member are the positions of the spaces between the outer stirring bars 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d and the inner stirring bar 1 and are not in contact with the inner stirring bar 1 or the container 4 As long as it is anywhere, it may be set or adjusted as appropriate.

幅も特に規定するものではないが、50mm以上であればその効果が高いため好ましい。また、幅は必ずしも一定でなくても良い。長さも、特に規定するものではないが、100mm以上であればその効果が高いため好ましい。さらに、攪拌板14a、14bが複数の場合、それぞれの攪拌板14a、14bの間で、幅や長さは必ずしも同じでなくても良い。また、攪拌板14a、14bの間で、幅や長さの上限は、容器4のサイズにより、適宜、設定すれば良い。
攪拌板14a、14bのピッチは、特に規定するものではない。但し、攪拌板14a、14bの幅が大きくなるにつれて、混練性能に影響が出やすくなるため、混練機の鉛直軸を中心として攪拌板14a、14bが回転して形成される円の軌跡の攪拌板14a、14bの位置における接線方向に対して、攪拌板14a、14bが10〜80°の角度をなすことが好ましい。
The width is not particularly specified, but 50 mm or more is preferable because the effect is high. Further, the width is not necessarily constant. The length is not particularly specified, but 100 mm or more is preferable because the effect is high. Furthermore, when there are a plurality of stirring plates 14a and 14b, the width and length are not necessarily the same between the stirring plates 14a and 14b. Moreover, what is necessary is just to set the upper limit of a width | variety or length suitably between the stirring plates 14a and 14b with the size of the container 4. FIG.
The pitch of the stirring plates 14a and 14b is not particularly specified. However, as the width of the stirring plates 14a and 14b increases, the kneading performance is easily affected. Therefore, the stirring plate having a circular locus formed by rotating the stirring plates 14a and 14b about the vertical axis of the kneader. It is preferable that the stirring plates 14a and 14b form an angle of 10 to 80 ° with respect to the tangential direction at the positions 14a and 14b.

具体的には、図4に示すように、攪拌板14a、14bの角度は、鉛直軸を中心として攪拌板14a、14bが回転して形成される円の軌跡20に対するこの攪拌板14a、14bの位置における接線方向30(以降、進行接線と記載することがある。)と、攪拌板14a、14bのなす角31は、10〜80°とすることが好ましい。この角度が10°未満の場合は外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dと内側攪拌子1の間の空間の混練物を移動させづらくなり、一方、この角度が80°超の場合は攪拌の抵抗が大きくなり過ぎてしまうため、混練物を有効に動かしづらくなる。なお、より望ましくはこの角度は30〜60°である。   Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the angle of the stirring plates 14 a and 14 b is such that the stirring plates 14 a and 14 b have a circular locus 20 formed by rotating the stirring plates 14 a and 14 b around the vertical axis. The angle 31 formed by the tangential direction 30 at the position (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a traveling tangent) and the stirring plates 14a and 14b is preferably 10 to 80 °. If this angle is less than 10 °, it becomes difficult to move the kneaded material in the space between the outer stirrer 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the inner stirrer 1, while if this angle exceeds 80 °, stirring Since the resistance becomes too large, it becomes difficult to move the kneaded material effectively. More preferably, this angle is 30 to 60 °.

なお、攪拌板14a、14bには摩滅を避けるための保護材を取り付けても良い。ここで、保護材としては、超硬合金、耐磨耗合金等を用いることができ、攪拌板14a、14bへの取り付けはボルトナット等による固定、ねじ止め、リベット止め、クランプ止め、嵌合、かしめ、溶接などを行うことが例示できる。
また、混練物が内側攪拌子1の方向に掻き寄せられるようにしても良く、あるいはこれとは逆の方向に掻き寄せられるようにしても良い。
この掻き寄せられる方向については、攪拌板14a、14bの進行接線方向に対して、内側に10〜80°傾けるか、あるいは外側に10〜80°傾けるかを選択して、調整することが好ましい。さらに、攪拌板14a、14bは鉛直に取り付けられている必要は必ずしもない。
In addition, you may attach the protective material for avoiding abrasion to the stirring plates 14a and 14b. Here, as the protective material, a cemented carbide, a wear-resistant alloy or the like can be used, and the mounting to the stirring plates 14a and 14b is fixed with bolts and nuts, screwed, riveted, clamped, fitted, Examples include caulking and welding.
Further, the kneaded product may be scraped in the direction of the inner stirrer 1 or may be scraped in the opposite direction.
The direction of the scraping is preferably adjusted by selecting whether it is inclined 10-80 ° inward or 10-80 ° outward with respect to the advancing tangential direction of the stirring plates 14a, 14b. Furthermore, the stirring plates 14a and 14b are not necessarily attached vertically.

また、攪拌板は支持部材と一体、すなわち支持部材の一部の幅が広がっていて攪拌板の役割を果たすようになっていてもよく、あるいは攪拌板が支持部材に何らかの方法、たとえば溶接、ボルトナット等による固定、ねじ止め、リベット止め、かしめ、嵌合、クランプのようなものを使用しての固定などの方法で固定されていても良い。
攪拌板は外側攪拌子と接触あるいは連続していても良い。すなわち攪拌板と外側攪拌子は独立したものではなく、両者は接触して配置されていても良く、また両者は溶接やボルトナット止め、ねじ止め、リベット止め、嵌合、クランプで固定されていても良く、さらには一体となっていても良い。
Further, the stirring plate may be integrated with the support member, that is, the width of a part of the support member may be widened to serve as the stirring plate, or the stirring plate may be attached to the support member in some way, such as welding, bolts It may be fixed by a method such as fixing with a nut or the like, screwing, riveting, caulking, fitting, or clamping.
The stirring plate may be in contact with or continuous with the outer stirring bar. That is, the stir plate and the outer stirrer are not independent, and they may be placed in contact with each other, and both are fixed by welding, bolt and nut fastening, screw fastening, riveting, fitting, or clamping. It may also be integrated.

以上述べてきたように、本発明の混練機の攪拌機能は、整流板や補助旋回部材を配設することなく、内側攪拌子1、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2d、攪拌板14a、14bから構成されているだけの、非常に単純な機構である。
従って、粒径10μm以下の超微粉をほとんど含まない不定形耐火物を混練する場合はもちろんのこと、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を多用した高粘性の不定形耐火物を混練する場合でも、混練機の洗浄や保守が容易である上に、不定形耐火物が共回りすることも防止できる。
すなわち、高粘性材料の混練に当たっては、材料に接触する回転部材、すなわち内側攪拌子1、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2d、攪拌板14a、14b、整流板、補助旋回部材などの総本数が少ないことが重要であり、本発明では、整流板と補助旋回部材を配設していないことが、共回りの防止と、効果的な混練、洗浄や保守の容易さに結びついている。
As described above, the stirring function of the kneader of the present invention is not provided with a current plate or an auxiliary swiveling member, and the inner stirring bar 1, the outer stirring bar 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, the stirring bar 14a, It is a very simple mechanism that consists only of 14b.
Therefore, kneading not only when kneading amorphous refractories containing almost no ultrafine powder with a particle size of 10 μm or less, but also when kneading highly viscous amorphous refractories with a lot of ultrafine particles with a particle size of 10 μm or less. The machine can be easily cleaned and maintained, and it is possible to prevent the amorphous refractory from co-rotating.
That is, when kneading a highly viscous material, the total number of rotating members in contact with the material, that is, the inner stirrer 1, the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, the stirrers 14a and 14b, the rectifying plates, the auxiliary swiveling members, and the like. In the present invention, the fact that the rectifying plate and the auxiliary turning member are not provided is linked to prevention of co-rotation and effective kneading, cleaning and maintenance.

以上の通り、本発明の混練機を用いて不定形耐火物を混練する場合、特に、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含む高粘性の不定形耐火物の混練に、非常に有効である。
ここで、超微粉を粒径10μm以下としたのは、10μm以下の超微粉が特に不定形耐火物の特性向上への寄与が大きいと共に、混練を困難にするためである。また、粒径10μm以下の超微粉とは、最大粒径が10μm以下の微粉である。10μmの篩目による篩下の微粉を意味する。なおこのような微細粉末を篩い取るのは容易ではないが、レーザー散乱法や他の粒子カウンターによって計測すると、より正確に計測できる。
なお、上記の超微粉量が3質量%未満の場合、本発明によって大きな効果が得られにくいため、3質量%以上とする。また、上記の超微粉量が20質量%を超えると、不定形耐火物の混練が困難であるため、20質量%以下とする。
As described above, when kneading an amorphous refractory using the kneader of the present invention, particularly for kneading a highly viscous amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less. Is very effective.
Here, the reason why the ultrafine powder has a particle size of 10 μm or less is that the ultrafine powder of 10 μm or less particularly contributes greatly to improving the properties of the amorphous refractory and makes kneading difficult. The ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is a fine powder having a maximum particle size of 10 μm or less. This means fine powder under a sieve with a mesh size of 10 μm. It is not easy to sieve such fine powder, but it can be measured more accurately by measuring with a laser scattering method or other particle counter.
In addition, when said super fine powder amount is less than 3 mass%, since a big effect is hard to be acquired by this invention, it shall be 3 mass% or more. Further, if the amount of the above ultrafine powder exceeds 20% by mass, it is difficult to knead the amorphous refractory, so the content is made 20% by mass or less.

以上のような本発明の実施の形態に係る逆円錐型混練機は、内、外合わせて複数の攪拌子1、2a、2b、2c、2dを備えている。また、攪拌子1、2a、2b、2c、2dには先端保護のための耐摩耗材が取り付けられている場合もある。これらを点検保守するに際して、容器4の内部が狭く、攪拌子1、2a、2b、2c、2dや支持部材3a、3b、3c、3dが邪魔で思うように作業ができない場合もある。
通常、内側攪拌子1及び外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dは、これらを支持駆動する部分が容器4に固定された状態で取り外すことができるようになっている。また、容器4及び材料排出ゲート12から、その他すべての部分をまとめて取り外せるようにしてもよい。
取り外した部分については、別に準備した架台等に載せて、点検作業中は退避させておくことができる。このようにすれば、作業者はスペースの制限なく、効率的かつ楽に作業が可能となる。
The inverted conical kneader according to the embodiment of the present invention as described above includes a plurality of stirrers 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, both inside and outside. Further, the stirrers 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d may be provided with wear-resistant materials for tip protection. When these are inspected and maintained, the inside of the container 4 is narrow, and there are cases where the work cannot be performed as if the stirrers 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the support members 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are disturbed.
Usually, the inner stirrer 1 and the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d can be removed while the portions that support and drive them are fixed to the container 4. Moreover, you may enable it to remove all other parts collectively from the container 4 and the material discharge gate 12. FIG.
The removed part can be placed on a separately prepared stand or the like and evacuated during inspection work. In this way, the operator can work efficiently and easily without any space limitation.

上記の取り外し可能な装置としては、例えば、図1及び図2に示されるように、容器4とは別体で、容器4の上部開口の直径方向に沿って一対の架設部材15を架設し、その上に各駆動装置5〜11を載置すればよい。
架設部材15と容器4との当接部分は、接合するのではなく、嵌合構造とすることが挙げられる。この嵌合構造は、攪拌等の振動でもずれることがなく、さらには外れることがないように固定することが重要である。
As the detachable device, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of erection members 15 are erected along the diameter direction of the upper opening of the container 4 separately from the container 4, What is necessary is just to mount each drive device 5-11 on it.
The abutting portion between the erection member 15 and the container 4 is not joined but has a fitting structure. It is important that this fitting structure is fixed so that it does not shift even by vibrations such as agitation and does not come off.

具体的な形態としては、図1及び図2に示されるように、ボルトナット等のネジ止め構造16、図3(A)に示されるように、コッター止め構造17、図3(B)に示されるように、クランプ止め構造18等を例示できる。その他の形態としては、やや安定性が劣るものの、ワイヤーやチェーンで固定することでもよい。
また、図3(C)、(D)に示されるように、ガイド19a、19bを容器4に設置しておくと、架設部材15の固定の際に正確かつ簡単に位置合わせすることができるため、好ましい。
As a concrete form, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a screw fastening structure 16 such as a bolt and nut, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), a cotter fastening structure 17 and shown in FIG. 3 (B). As shown, the clamp structure 18 or the like can be exemplified. As another form, although it is somewhat inferior in stability, it may be fixed with a wire or a chain.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, if the guides 19a and 19b are installed in the container 4, the positioning can be accurately and easily performed when the installation member 15 is fixed. ,preferable.

また、本発明の攪拌補助部材の別の形態としては、図5に示されるように、板状部材の上部と下部を逆方向にねじった形状のねじれ部材21bとしても良い。ねじれ部材21bのねじれ具合は、特に規定するものではない。
但し、混練物を有効に動かすためには、混練機内の鉛直軸を中心として、ねじれ部材21bが回転して形成される円の軌跡のねじれ部材21bの位置における接線方向に対して、ねじれ部材21b表面と水平面との交線がなす角度が、10〜80°の範囲内とすることが好ましい。この角度の範囲が好ましいのは、板状部材を用いた場合と同様の理由によるものである。また、ねじれ部材21bも、ねじれの軸が鉛直になるように取り付けられている必要は必ずしもなく、斜めに取り付けても良い。
Moreover, as another form of the stirring auxiliary member of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a twisted member 21 b having a shape in which the upper part and the lower part of the plate-like member are twisted in opposite directions may be used. The twisting condition of the twisting member 21b is not particularly specified.
However, in order to move the kneaded material effectively, the twisting member 21b is tangential to the tangential direction at the position of the twisting member 21b of the circle formed by rotating the twisting member 21b around the vertical axis in the kneader. The angle formed by the line of intersection between the surface and the horizontal plane is preferably in the range of 10 to 80 °. This range of angles is preferred for the same reason as when using a plate-like member. Further, the twisting member 21b does not necessarily have to be attached so that the axis of twisting is vertical, and may be attached obliquely.

さらに、本発明の攪拌補助部材の別の形態としては、図6に示されるように、水平断面が円弧形状の曲がり部材22bとしても良い。曲がり部材22bの曲がり具合は、特に規定するものではない。
但し、混練物を有効に動かすためには、混練機内の鉛直軸を中心として、曲がり部材22bが回転して形成される円の軌跡の曲がり部材22bの位置における接線方向に対して、曲がり部材22bの円弧の両端を結ぶ直線がなす角度が、10〜80°の範囲内であることが好ましい。この角度の範囲が好ましいのは、板状部材を用いた場合と同様の理由によるものである。また、曲がり部材22bも、鉛直に取り付けられている必要は必ずしもない。
ちなみに、本発明の攪拌補助部材は、普通鋼、ステンレス、耐磨耗合金、超硬合金あるいはこれらを組み合わせたもの等の材料で構成されているものが例示できる。
Furthermore, as another form of the stirring assisting member of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal member may be a bending member 22 b having an arc shape. The bending condition of the bending member 22b is not particularly specified.
However, in order to move the kneaded material effectively, the bending member 22b is in a tangential direction at the position of the bending member 22b of the circular locus formed by rotating the bending member 22b around the vertical axis in the kneader. The angle formed by the straight line connecting both ends of the arc is preferably in the range of 10 to 80 °. This range of angles is preferred for the same reason as when using a plate-like member. Further, the bending member 22b is not necessarily attached vertically.
Incidentally, the stirring auxiliary member of the present invention can be exemplified by a member made of a material such as ordinary steel, stainless steel, wear resistant alloy, cemented carbide or a combination thereof.

本発明の混練機を用いて不定形耐火物を混練する場合、水などの混練液を添加する前に空混合を行うことが好ましい。
前述のように不定形耐火物は様々な原料の混合体であるため、混練を施工現場近くで行う場合、不定形耐火物は粉粒体としてバッグやコンテナに入れられて搬入され、そこで混練される。この混合物は様々な比重の塊、粒、粉からなるため、搬送中に分離しやすい。
また、減水剤、硬化調整剤などは添加量が微量であるため、うまく行き渡っていない可能性もある。
When kneading an amorphous refractory using the kneader of the present invention, it is preferable to perform empty mixing before adding a kneading liquid such as water.
As mentioned above, since the amorphous refractory is a mixture of various raw materials, when kneading is performed near the construction site, the irregular refractory is put in a bag or container as a granular material, and is carried there. The Since this mixture consists of lumps, grains and powders of various specific gravity, it is easy to separate during transportation.
Moreover, since a water reducing agent, a hardening regulator, etc. are added in a very small amount, there is a possibility that they are not distributed well.

そこで、これらを均一に分散させるために、混練液を添加する前に空混合することで、顕著に混練が促進されるため望ましい。これは、粉末状態の方が材料の均一化を図りやすいためと考えられる。
空混合時間は30秒以上が望ましく、1分以上がさらに望ましい。なお、長時間空混合すると、塊や粒が割れや摩滅を被り、粒度配合バランスが崩れる恐れがあるので、空混合時間は5分程度以下とすることが推奨される。
また、材料の投入順序は適宜変更してもよい。たとえば、まず微粉を空混練してから混練液を添加し、一定時間混練した後に粗粒を添加する、あるいは、これを逆にすることもできる。
Therefore, in order to uniformly disperse them, it is desirable to perform the air mixing before adding the kneading liquid because kneading is remarkably promoted. This is considered to be because it is easier to achieve uniform material in the powder state.
The empty mixing time is preferably 30 seconds or longer, and more preferably 1 minute or longer. It should be noted that if the air mixing is performed for a long time, the lump or grain may be broken or worn, and the particle size blending balance may be lost. Therefore, it is recommended that the empty mixing time be about 5 minutes or less.
In addition, the order of the materials may be changed as appropriate. For example, the fine powder is first kneaded in an empty state, and then the kneading liquid is added. After kneading for a certain period of time, the coarse particles are added, or this can be reversed.

さらに、不定形耐火物の混練では、混練液を添加する際には各攪拌子を動かしながら行うことが好ましい。そうすることで、混練液がより速く細かく均一に分散できるためである。攪拌子の停止状態で混練液を添加すると、混練液は一ヶ所に集中してしまい、その後攪拌子を動かしても短時間に均一に行き渡らせるのは容易ではない。なお、混練液は複数ヶ所から分散して投入することが望ましく、できればシャワー状に添加するとよい。
本発明が対象とする耐火物の材質は特に限定するものではなく、通常の材質には全て適用可能である。たとえば、シリカ質、粘土質、シャモット質、ハイアルミナ質、アルミナ質、アルミナ−スピネル質、アルミナ−炭化珪素質、アルミナ−炭化珪素−カーボン質、ジルコン質、セミジルコン質、スピネル質、マグネシア質、マグネシア−スピネル質、マグネシア−ドロマイト質、ドロマイト質、マグネシア−カーボン質、黒鉛−炭化けい素質、炭化珪素質、カーボン質等々である。結合形態、たとえば粘土結合、セメント結合、凝集結合、燐酸結合、樹脂結合などは問わず適用できる。
Furthermore, it is preferable to knead the amorphous refractory while moving each stirrer when adding the kneaded liquid. By doing so, the kneaded liquid can be dispersed more quickly and finely and uniformly. If the kneading liquid is added while the stirrer is stopped, the kneading liquid concentrates in one place, and even if the stirrer is moved after that, it is not easy to spread it uniformly in a short time. In addition, it is desirable to add the kneading liquid dispersed from a plurality of locations, and it is preferable to add it in a shower form if possible.
The material of the refractory targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be applied to all ordinary materials. For example, siliceous, clay, chamotte, high alumina, alumina, alumina-spinel, alumina-silicon carbide, alumina-silicon carbide-carbon, zircon, semizircon, spinel, magnesia, magnesia -Spinel, magnesia-dolomite, dolomite, magnesia-carbon, graphite-silicon carbide, silicon carbide, carbon, etc. Bonding forms such as clay bonds, cement bonds, cohesive bonds, phosphoric acid bonds, resin bonds and the like can be applied.

混練液、バインダーについても制限はなく、通常のものが使用可能である。減水剤、作業性調整剤、硬化調整剤、乾燥性・耐爆裂性を調節するための添加物も、普通通り使用して差し支えない。また10mmを超える粗粒、有機繊維、金属ファイバーなどを添加しても差し支えない。使用後の耐火物を破砕したリサイクル原料も使用することができる。
以上、キャスタブル耐火物の混練を例にして説明してきたが、本発明は、これ以外の不定形耐火物、たとえば吹き付け材、焼付け耐火物、プラスチック耐火物などにも適用可能である。また定形耐火物を製造する際の中間原料である坏土の混練にも使用できる。さらに、混練液を加えない乾式混合にももちろん適用できる。
There is no restriction | limiting also about a kneading liquid and a binder, A normal thing can be used. Water reducing agents, workability modifiers, cure modifiers, and additives for controlling drying and explosion resistance may be used as usual. Further, coarse grains exceeding 10 mm, organic fibers, metal fibers, etc. may be added. Recycled raw materials obtained by crushing refractories after use can also be used.
As described above, the kneading of castable refractories has been described as an example. However, the present invention can be applied to other amorphous refractories such as spray materials, baked refractories, and plastic refractories. It can also be used for kneading clay, which is an intermediate raw material when producing a regular refractory. Furthermore, it can be applied to dry mixing without adding a kneading liquid.

本発明の混練機について、攪拌板が混練性能に与える影響を、攪拌板が無い混練機と比較することにより調査した。
本発明の実施例として使用した逆円錐型混練機は、図1に示すものを用い、容器4の上部内径が約1800mm、下部内径が約600mm、高さ約1000mm、らせん状の内側攪拌子1の直径約500mm、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dは4本で、容器の深い部分から浅い部分までをそれぞれ担っていた。
About the kneader of this invention, the influence which a stirring plate has on kneading | mixing performance was investigated by comparing with the kneader without a stirring plate.
The reverse cone type kneader used as an example of the present invention is the one shown in FIG. 1, and the upper inner diameter of the container 4 is about 1800 mm, the lower inner diameter is about 600 mm, the height is about 1000 mm, and the spiral inner stirrer 1 is used. The outer stirrer 2a, 2b, 2c, and 4d had a diameter of about 500 mm, and each had four from the deep part to the shallow part of the container.

攪拌板14a、14bは一番深い部分を担う外側攪拌子2aの支持部材3a、および二番目に深い位置を担う外側攪拌子2bの支持部材3bに、それぞれボルトで取り付けた。幅はいずれも150mm、長さは600mm(一番深い部分を担う外側攪拌子用)と450mm(二番目に深い位置を担う外側攪拌子用)で、下端は容器4に接触しないように斜めに切り落とした形状とした。なお攪拌板14a、14bの下端はいずれも各支持部材3a、3bの下端とほぼ同じ位置になるように、鉛直に取り付けた。図4に示すように、進行接線30と攪拌板14a、14bのなす角は30°とし、混練物が内側攪拌子1方向に掻き入れられるようにした。
回転数は、内側攪拌子1を150rpm(周速約4m/s)、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dを25rpm(周速約2.3m/s)とした。ピッチと回転方向は、内側攪拌子1は混練物を掻き揚げ、外側攪拌子2a、2b、2c、2dは掻き落とす方向とし、回転方向は双方逆にした。
The stirring plates 14a and 14b were respectively attached to the support member 3a of the outer stirrer 2a that bears the deepest portion and the support member 3b of the outer stirrer 2b that bears the second deepest position with bolts. The width is 150 mm, the length is 600 mm (for the outer stirrer that bears the deepest part) and 450 mm (for the outer stirrer that bears the second deepest position), and the lower end is diagonal so as not to contact the container 4 The shape was cut off. Note that the lower ends of the stirring plates 14a and 14b were vertically attached so that both the lower ends of the supporting members 3a and 3b were almost at the same position. As shown in FIG. 4, the angle formed by the traveling tangent 30 and the stirring plates 14a and 14b was set to 30 ° so that the kneaded material was scraped in the direction of the inner stirring bar 1.
The number of rotations was 150 rpm (circumferential speed of about 4 m / s) for the inner stirrer 1 and 25 rpm (circumferential speed of about 2.3 m / s) for the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. As for the pitch and the rotation direction, the inner stirrer 1 scraped the kneaded material, the outer stirrers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d scraped off, and the rotation directions were reversed.

使用した不定形耐火物は、アルミナ−マグネシア質キャスタブル、またはアルミナ−スピネル質キャスタブルを用いた。これらの不定形耐火物に使用された粒子の粒径は、最も大きいものは5mm、最も小さいものは平均粒径(50%粒径、すなわち粗い方から粒径ごとに質量を積算し、積算値が50%を超える粒径)3μmで、1mm以上が約40質量%、125μm以上1mm未満が約30質量%、125μm未満が約30質量%であった。   The amorphous refractory used was an alumina-magnesia castable or an alumina-spinel castable. The particle size of the particles used in these irregular refractories is 5 mm for the largest, and the average particle size (50% particle size, that is, the mass is integrated for each particle size from the coarser, and the integrated value. 3 μm), 1 mm or more was about 40% by mass, 125 μm or more and less than 1 mm was about 30% by mass, and less than 125 μm was about 30% by mass.

アルミナ−マグネシア質キャスタブルの場合、平均粒径(50%粒径)3μmの仮焼アルミナと呼ばれる超微粉を内掛けで5質量%配合したものに、粒径10〜20mm(目の開きが20mmの篩は通過し10mmの篩は通過しない)のアルミナ粗粒を外掛けで10質量%添加した。
また、アルミナ−スピネル質キャスタブルの場合、平均粒径(50%粒径)3μmの仮焼アルミナと呼ばれる超微粉を内掛けで15質量%配合したものに、粒径10〜20mm(目の開きが20mmの篩は通過し10mmの篩は通過しない)のアルミナ粗粒を外掛けで20質量%添加した。
ここで、1バッチ当たりの不定形耐火物の混練量は500kgとして、添加水分量は、いずれも外掛けで、アルミナ−マグネシア質キャスタブルの場合は4.6質量%、アルミナ−スピネル質キャスタブルの場合は4.2質量%とした。
In the case of an alumina-magnesia castable, an ultrafine powder called calcined alumina having an average particle size (50% particle size) of 3 μm is blended with 5% by mass, and a particle size of 10 to 20 mm (with an opening of 20 mm). 10 mass% of alumina coarse particles passed through the sieve but not through the 10 mm sieve was added as an outer shell.
Further, in the case of alumina-spinel castable, a fine particle called calcined alumina having an average particle size (50% particle size) of 3 μm is blended with 15% by mass, and a particle size of 10 to 20 mm (openness of eyes) 20 mass% of alumina coarse particles were added on the outside as the 20 mm sieve passed through and the 10 mm sieve did not.
Here, the kneading amount of the irregular refractory per batch is 500 kg, and the amount of water added is an outer shell, 4.6 mass% in the case of alumina-magnesia castable, and in the case of alumina-spinel castable Was 4.2 mass%.

上記の粉粒体状の材料を混練機の容器に装入し、内外両攪拌子を回転させて1分間空混合し、その後、内外両攪拌子の回転を止めずに所定量の水を添加し、添加終了時から3分間後に攪拌を終了した。その後、容器底のゲートを開いて混練物を排出した。
また、比較例として、同じ材料を用いて、前述の条件で、攪拌板を取り付けない混練機を用いて混練した。
実施例および比較例で得られた混練物について、以下の通り、測定等を行った。
Charge the above granular material into a kneader container, rotate the inner and outer stirrers to mix for 1 minute, and then add a predetermined amount of water without stopping the rotation of the inner and outer stirrers. Then, stirring was terminated after 3 minutes from the end of the addition. Thereafter, the gate at the bottom of the container was opened to discharge the kneaded material.
Further, as a comparative example, the same material was kneaded using a kneader without a stirring plate under the above-described conditions.
About the kneaded material obtained by the Example and the comparative example, the measurement etc. were performed as follows.

まず、混練物の流動性は、耐火物用アルミナセメントの物理試験方法(JIS−R2521−1995)のフロー試験方法に準拠してフロー値(タップフロー)を測定した。
次に、混練物の品質評価については、嵩比重、見掛気孔率、曲げ強度を測定した。これらの物性等の評価用試料は、次のようにして作成した。すなわち、40×40×160mmもしくは長さ114mmで断面が台形(上底41mm、下底67mm、高さ48mm)の型枠に流し込み、0.015m/s(1.5G)で1分間加振した後に、24時間常温で養生し、脱枠後に110℃で24時間乾燥してから品質評価試験に供した。なお品質評価はJIS−R2205−1992の真空法に準拠して、嵩比重、見掛気孔率、曲げ強度の測定を行った。
First, the flowability (tap flow) of the kneaded material was measured in accordance with the flow test method of the physical test method (JIS-R2521-1995) for alumina cement for refractories.
Next, for the quality evaluation of the kneaded material, the bulk specific gravity, the apparent porosity, and the bending strength were measured. These samples for evaluating physical properties and the like were prepared as follows. That is, 40 × 40 × 160 mm or 114 mm in length and a trapezoidal cross section (upper base 41 mm, lower base 67 mm, height 48 mm), and shaken for 1 minute at 0.015 m / s 2 (1.5 G). Then, it was cured at room temperature for 24 hours, and after de-framed, it was dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours before being subjected to a quality evaluation test. In addition, quality evaluation measured the bulk specific gravity, the apparent porosity, and the bending strength based on the vacuum method of JIS-R2205-1992.

さらに、混練物の耐食性については、回転侵食試験を用いて評価した。この回転侵食試験は、上記で作成した台形断面の試料を、12枚で一周になるようにバレルの側面のように組み合わせ、その両端面に中央に直径50mm穴のあるマグネシア質れんが板を取り付け、鉄製のケースに収めて試料との間をアルミナ系耐火物で充填した後、酸素−プロパンバーナーを熱源として試料バレルの内面を加熱し、質量ベースでCaO/SiO=3、FeO=15質量%のスラグを侵食剤として投入して、1700℃で3時間侵食させた。この侵食時の減寸深さを、それぞれの材質の攪拌板がない場合を100とした溶損指数で示し、耐食性を評価した。 Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the kneaded material was evaluated using a rotary erosion test. In this rotary erosion test, the trapezoidal cross-section samples created above were combined like the side of the barrel so that it would make a round with 12 sheets, and magnesia bricks with a 50 mm diameter hole in the center were attached to both end faces, After being packed in an iron case and filled with an alumina refractory between the samples, the inner surface of the sample barrel was heated using an oxygen-propane burner as a heat source, and CaO / SiO 2 = 3, FeO = 15 mass% on a mass basis. Of slag was added as an erodant and eroded at 1700 ° C. for 3 hours. The reduction depth at the time of erosion was shown as a erosion index with the case where there was no stirring plate of each material as 100, and the corrosion resistance was evaluated.

その結果は、表1に示す通り、本発明の実施例の場合は、比較例と比べると、いずれの材料でもフロー値が大きくなっており、流動性が高まったことが確認できた。
また、同様に、嵩比重の増加、見掛気孔率の低下、曲げ強度の増加が見られ、施工体の品質が向上していることが確認できた。
さらに、溶損指数が低下しており、耐食性の改善も図ることができた。
また、攪拌板の取り付けによって洗浄の手間に目立った悪化はなかった。すなわち攪拌板なしの従来機と、同容量の本発明の混練機ともに洗浄に必要な時間は約15分だった。また機構的、保守面での問題も特に発生しなかったすなわち前述の従来機、本発明の混練機ともに材料の共回りはなく、機構的なトラブルもなかった。
As a result, as shown in Table 1, in the case of the example of the present invention, it was confirmed that the flow value was increased in any material and the fluidity was increased as compared with the comparative example.
Similarly, an increase in bulk specific gravity, a decrease in apparent porosity, and an increase in bending strength were observed, confirming that the quality of the construction body was improved.
In addition, the melting index decreased, and the corrosion resistance could be improved.
In addition, there was no noticeable deterioration due to the time required for cleaning due to the attachment of the stirring plate. That is, the time required for washing was about 15 minutes for both the conventional machine without a stirring plate and the kneader of the present invention having the same capacity. In addition, no problems in terms of mechanical and maintenance occurred. That is, neither the above-described conventional machine nor the kneading machine of the present invention had any material rotation and no mechanical trouble.

Figure 0004848292
Figure 0004848292

本発明の実施の形態に係る混練機を表す斜視図。The perspective view showing the kneading machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 前記実施形態における混練機を表す断面図。Sectional drawing showing the kneading machine in the said embodiment. 前記実施形態における混練機の容器への駆動装置の取付構造を表す模式断面図及び模式斜視図。The schematic cross section and the model perspective view showing the attachment structure of the drive device to the container of the kneading machine in the embodiment. 前記実施形態における混練機の上面概念図。The upper surface conceptual diagram of the kneading machine in the said embodiment. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る攪拌補助部材の構造を表す斜視図。The perspective view showing the structure of the stirring auxiliary member which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る攪拌補助部材の構造を表す斜視図。The perspective view showing the structure of the stirring auxiliary member which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 従来技術の混練機の概念図。The conceptual diagram of the kneading machine of a prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…内側攪拌子、2a、2b、2c、2d…外側攪拌子、3a、3b、3c、3d…支持部材、4…容器、5…内側攪拌子の回転軸、6…スプロケットホイールあるいは歯車あるいはプーリー、7…動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン、8…内側攪拌子用モータ、9…外側攪拌子の回転軸、10…動力伝達用ベルトあるいはチェーン、11…外側攪拌子用モータ、12…材料排出ゲート、13a、13b、13c、13d…アーム、攪拌板…14a、14b、20…回転方向、15…架設部材、16…ネジ止め、17…コッター止め構造、18…クランプ止め構造、19a、19b…ガイド、21b…ねじれ部材、22b…曲がり部材、30…進行接線、31…進行接線と攪拌板がなす角   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Inner stirrer, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d ... Outer stirrer, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d ... Support member, 4 ... Container, 5 ... Rotating shaft of inner stirrer, 6 ... Sprocket wheel or gear or pulley , 7 ... Power transmission belt or chain, 8 ... Inner stirrer motor, 9 ... Outer stirrer rotating shaft, 10 ... Power transmission belt or chain, 11 ... Outer stirrer motor, 12 ... Material discharge gate, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d ... arm, stirring plate ... 14a, 14b, 20 ... rotational direction, 15 ... installation member, 16 ... screw fastening, 17 ... cotter fastening structure, 18 ... clamp fastening structure, 19a, 19b ... guide, 21b ... Twist member, 22b ... Curved member, 30 ... Progressive tangent, 31 ... Angle formed by progressive tangent and stirring plate

Claims (5)

逆円錐台形の下部を備えた容器と、容器中心の鉛直軸で回転する内側攪拌子と、これと同軸で容器内壁に沿って回転する外側攪拌子と、前記内側攪拌子の回転軸と、前記外側攪拌子の回転軸とを備えた、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混練する耐火物用混練機において、
前記外側攪拌子は、それを支える支持部材に、下端を自由端として接続され、
前記外側攪拌子を支える支持部材は、アームを介して前記外側攪拌子の回転軸と接続されると共に、該支持部材と一体的に形成される攪拌補助部材を備えているか、又は、該支持部材に取り付けられる攪拌補助部材を備え、
該攪拌補助部材は、前記内側攪拌子と前記外側攪拌子の間の混練物を移動させるために、前記外側攪拌子と前記内側攪拌子の間に配置され、且つ、その形状は、板状部材、板状部材の上部と下部を逆方向にねじった形状のねじれ部材、又は、水平断面が円弧形状の曲がり部材であることを特徴とする耐火物用混練機。
A container having an inverted frustoconical lower part, an inner stirrer rotating about a vertical axis at the center of the container, an outer stirrer rotating coaxially with the inner wall of the container, a rotation axis of the inner stirrer, In a kneading machine for a refractory comprising a rotating shaft of an outer stirrer and kneading an amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less ,
The outer stirrer is connected to a supporting member that supports the outer stirrer with a lower end as a free end,
Or wherein the support member for supporting the outer stirrer, is connected with the rotation axis of the outer stirrer through the arm, it is provided with the support member integrally formed with Ru stirred auxiliary member, or, the support member A stirring auxiliary member attached to the
The stirring auxiliary member is disposed between the outer stirring bar and the inner stirring bar in order to move the kneaded material between the inner stirring bar and the outer stirring bar, and the shape thereof is a plate-like member. twisting member having a shape twisted at the top and bottom plate members in the opposite direction, or, refractories kneader horizontal cross section and wherein the bending member der Rukoto arcuate.
前記外側攪拌子およびそれを支える支持部材は複数本備えられ、該複数本の支持部材の少なくともいずれかに、前記攪拌補助部材が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の耐火物用混練機。2. The refractory according to claim 1, wherein the outer stirrer and a plurality of support members that support the outer stirrer are provided, and at least one of the plurality of support members is provided with the stirring auxiliary member. Kneading machine. 前記内側攪拌子及び前記外側攪拌子の少なくともいずれかを、前記容器から取り外す取り外し装置を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の耐火物混練機。 At least one of the inner stirring bar and said outer stirrer refractories kneader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a removable device to be removed from the container. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の耐火物用混練機を用いて、粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混練することを特徴とする耐火物の混練方法。 Using the refractory kneading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , an amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is kneaded. Refractory kneading method. 前記耐火物用混練機を用いて、混練液を添加する前に、前記粒径10μm以下の超微粉を内掛けで3〜20質量%含有する不定形耐火物を混錬し、次に、前記耐火物用混練機の各攪拌子を動かしながら混練液を添加して混練することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の耐火物の混練方法。Using the refractory kneader, before adding the kneading liquid, knead the amorphous refractory containing 3 to 20% by mass of ultrafine powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less, The refractory kneading method according to claim 4, wherein the kneading liquid is added and kneaded while moving each stirring bar of the refractory kneading machine.
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