JP4844362B2 - Laminated glass - Google Patents

Laminated glass Download PDF

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JP4844362B2
JP4844362B2 JP2006318464A JP2006318464A JP4844362B2 JP 4844362 B2 JP4844362 B2 JP 4844362B2 JP 2006318464 A JP2006318464 A JP 2006318464A JP 2006318464 A JP2006318464 A JP 2006318464A JP 4844362 B2 JP4844362 B2 JP 4844362B2
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laminated glass
region
intermediate film
film
tensile rigidity
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JP2008133141A (en
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二郎 西浜
成人 柴田
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、合わせガラスに関し、特に自動車のウインドシールドに好適な合わせガラスを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention relates to a laminated glass, and an object thereof is to provide a laminated glass suitable for a windshield of an automobile.

従来、自動車のウインドシールドには合わせガラスが使用されている。合わせガラスは、ＰＶＢ（ポリビニルブチラール）等の透明樹脂製の中間膜を、２枚のガラス板で挟むことで作られ、衝撃によって破損した際に破片が飛び散ったり、亀裂が拡散して運転者の視界を妨げたりすることを防げるという特徴を有する。また、交通事故等の際に搭乗者が窓ガラスに衝突しても、中間膜が延伸することで搭乗者が車外に飛び出してしまうことを防ぐこともでき、自動車の安全性を確保する上で欠かせない部材の一つといえる。   Conventionally, laminated glass is used for the windshield of an automobile. Laminated glass is made by sandwiching an interlayer film made of transparent resin such as PVB (polyvinyl butyral) between two glass plates. When it is damaged by impact, fragments are scattered or cracks diffuse and the driver's It has the feature of preventing the visual field from being obstructed. In addition, even if the passenger collides with the window glass in the event of a traffic accident, etc., it is possible to prevent the passenger from jumping out of the vehicle by stretching the interlayer film, so as to ensure the safety of the car It can be said that it is one of the indispensable components.

一方、昨今の交通事故件数の増加から、搭乗者のみならず歩行者の安全についても検討されるようになってきている。交通事故死者の２８％が歩行者というデータもあり（財団法人交通事故分析センター平成１３年度報告）、国土交通省を主導とした車両構造の改良による歩行者の安全確保が急務となっている。   On the other hand, with the recent increase in the number of traffic accidents, the safety of pedestrians as well as passengers has been considered. There is also data that 28% of traffic fatalities are pedestrians (reported by the Traffic Accident Analysis Center in 2001), and it is an urgent task to ensure the safety of pedestrians by improving the vehicle structure led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

ここで合わせガラスは、自動車の構成部品のうちでも脆弱な部品である。そのため、歩行者との衝突事故の際、他の金属部品（フェンダー、Ａピラー（ウインドシールドの側辺とフロントベンチガラス等との間に位置する構造材）等）に当たった場合と比べ、負傷の程度が軽く済むことが期待される。これについては、歩行者が合わせガラスのみにぶつかった場合の衝突安全性向上を目的とした合わせガラスが、上記特許文献１に開示されている。   Here, the laminated glass is a fragile component among the components of the automobile. Therefore, in the event of a collision with a pedestrian, it was injured compared to other metal parts (fender, A-pillar (structure material located between the side of the windshield and the front bench glass), etc.) Is expected to be lighter. About this, the laminated glass aiming at the collision safety improvement at the time of a pedestrian colliding only with a laminated glass is disclosed by the said patent document 1. FIG.

一方で、ガラスを突き破って車内の構造物と衝突することによって受ける衝撃を低減することまでも開示された文献等は知られていないのが実状である。   On the other hand, it is a fact that there is no known document or the like even for reducing the impact received by breaking through the glass and colliding with a structure inside the vehicle.

特開２００５−２１９７２６号公報JP 2005-219726 A

しかしながら、合わせガラスの下辺近傍に歩行者が衝突した場合には、合わせガラスのウインドシールドのみにぶつかる場合ばかりでなく、ウインドシールドを突き破った人体が車内の構造物（ダッシュボード、インストルメントパネル等）に衝突して負傷することがあり、特に頭部の負傷が甚大である。   However, when a pedestrian collides with the lower side of the laminated glass, not only does it hit only the windshield of the laminated glass, but the human body that broke through the windshield is a structure inside the vehicle (dashboard, instrument panel, etc.) May be injured by collision, especially head injury.

本発明は、このような課題を解決するためのものであり、交通事故等において歩行者が窓ガラスを突き破って車内に飛び込んでしまった際に、車内の構造物との衝突によって受ける衝撃を従来よりも低減できるようにした合わせガラスを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention is for solving such a problem, and when a pedestrian breaks through a window glass and jumps into a vehicle in a traffic accident or the like, the impact received by a collision with a structure in the vehicle is conventionally known. It aims at providing the laminated glass which enabled it to reduce more.

以上の目的を達成するために本発明は、中間膜を複数枚のガラス板で挟むことで作られた合わせガラスであって、前記中間膜は、正面視で少なくとも第１及び第２の領域を有し、前記第１の領域は、前記合わせガラスの下辺及び／又は両側辺の少なくともいずれかに沿って広がる領域であり、前記第１の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性と異なり、前記引張剛性は、前記中間膜の弾性率と前記中間膜の厚さとの積によって規定されることを特徴とする合わせガラスを提供する。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laminated glass made by sandwiching an intermediate film between a plurality of glass plates, and the intermediate film has at least first and second regions in front view. And the first region is a region extending along at least one of a lower side and / or both sides of the laminated glass, and the tensile rigidity of the interlayer film in the first region is the second region. Unlike the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the region, the tensile rigidity is defined by the product of the elastic modulus of the intermediate film and the thickness of the intermediate film.

また、本発明の一態様において、前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、３ＭＰａ・ｍｍ以下であり、前記第１の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性の２倍以上であることが好ましい。また、本発明の一態様において、前記第１の領域は、前記下辺から少なくとも１０ｃｍの幅を有する略帯状の領域であることが好ましい。また、本発明の一態様において、前記中間膜は、多層構造を有することが好ましい。   In the aspect of the present invention, the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the second region is 3 MPa · mm or less, and the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the first region is in the second region. It is preferably at least twice the tensile rigidity of the interlayer film. In the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the first region is a substantially band-like region having a width of at least 10 cm from the lower side. In one embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate film preferably has a multilayer structure.

以上説明したとおり本発明は、周縁近傍の領域に中間膜の引張剛性が高い合わせガラスを用いることにより、周縁領域における中間膜の伸びが小さくなくなり、歩行者がガラス板を突き破って車内に飛び込んだとしても、車内構造物に衝突し難くしたり、衝突したとしてもその際に受けるエネルギーを低減させたりできる。そのため、衝突事故における歩行者の安全性向上に寄与することが期待される。   As described above, the present invention uses laminated glass with a high tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the region near the periphery, so that the extension of the intermediate film in the peripheral region is not reduced, and the pedestrian jumps into the vehicle by breaking through the glass plate. However, it is possible to make it difficult to collide with the vehicle interior structure, and even if it collides, the energy received at that time can be reduced. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the improvement of pedestrian safety in a collision accident.

次に、本発明の一つの実施の形態について図を用いて説明する。
図１は本発明に係る合わせガラスの一実施形態を示す断面図であり、図２は図１の合わせガラスを示す正面図（車外側から目視した図）である。また、図３は、図１のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ’線断面図である。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a laminated glass according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view showing the laminated glass of FIG. 1 (viewed from the outside of the vehicle). 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ of FIG.

自動車１０は、各種の内装材及び構造材によって構成されている。すなわち、自動車１０は、ウインドシールドである合わせガラス１１と、ダッシュボード１２と、ステアリングホイール１３と、インストルメントパネル１４と、ミラーベース１５と、ルームミラー１６と、カウル１８と、エンジンフード１７と、ルーフ１９等から構成される。   The automobile 10 is composed of various interior materials and structural materials. That is, the automobile 10 includes a laminated glass 11 that is a windshield, a dashboard 12, a steering wheel 13, an instrument panel 14, a mirror base 15, a rearview mirror 16, a cowl 18, an engine hood 17, It is comprised from the roof 19 grade | etc.,.

ここで、ステアリングホイール１３は、運転席（図示せず）とインストルメントパネル１４との間に設置され、自動車を運転する際に運転者によって利用される。   Here, the steering wheel 13 is installed between a driver's seat (not shown) and the instrument panel 14, and is used by the driver when driving the automobile.

インストルメントパネル１４には、図示しない種々の計器類が運転者から見える位置に搭載されるとともに、樹脂製のダッシュボード１２と一体の形状を成している。また、合わせガラス１１の上縁近傍には、ルーフ１９（図３）に固定されたミラーベース１５を介してルームミラー１６が取り付けられている。一方、合わせガラス１１の下縁はカウル１８に接着固定され、雨水の浸入等を防ぐためにカウルルーバ（図示せず）がカウル１０９を覆うように取り付けられている。   Various instruments (not shown) are mounted on the instrument panel 14 at a position where it can be seen by the driver, and has an integral shape with the resin dashboard 12. Further, in the vicinity of the upper edge of the laminated glass 11, a room mirror 16 is attached via a mirror base 15 fixed to the roof 19 (FIG. 3). On the other hand, the lower edge of the laminated glass 11 is bonded and fixed to the cowl 18, and a cowl louver (not shown) is attached so as to cover the cowl 109 in order to prevent rainwater from entering.

これらの図に示す合わせガラス１１は、自動車１０のウインドシールド用の合わせガラスであり、自動車のボディ形状に合わせて所望の湾曲形状を有するとともに、中間膜の引張剛性が互いに異なる第１の領域１１Ａと第２の領域１１Ｂとを有する。第１の領域１１Ａは、合わせガラス１１の下辺から少なくとも１０ｃｍの幅を有するストライプ状に形成されることが好ましい。この領域に使用される中間膜は、第２の領域１１Ｂで使用されるものよりも引張剛性が高い。具体的には、第２の領域１１Ｂにおける中間膜の引張剛性は、３ＭＰａ・ｍｍ以下であり、第１の領域１１Ａにおける中間膜の引張剛性は、第２の領域１１Ｂにおける中間膜の引張剛性の２倍以上であることが好ましい。中間膜の引張剛性は、中間膜に添加される可塑剤の量を調整したり、中間膜の膜厚を調整したりすることで適宜可変される。   The laminated glass 11 shown in these drawings is a laminated glass for a windshield of the automobile 10, and has a desired curved shape according to the body shape of the automobile, and the first region 11A having different tensile stiffnesses of the interlayer film. And a second region 11B. The first region 11 </ b> A is preferably formed in a stripe shape having a width of at least 10 cm from the lower side of the laminated glass 11. The intermediate film used in this region has higher tensile rigidity than that used in the second region 11B. Specifically, the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the second region 11B is 3 MPa · mm or less, and the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the first region 11A is equal to the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film in the second region 11B. It is preferably 2 times or more. The tensile rigidity of the intermediate film can be appropriately changed by adjusting the amount of plasticizer added to the intermediate film or adjusting the film thickness of the intermediate film.

引張剛性の高い中間膜は、伸び難いため、交通事故等で歩行者が合わせガラス１１に衝突し、合わせガラス１１が破砕したとしても、歩行者が合わせガラス１１を突き破ってダッシュボード１２やインストルメントパネル１４に到達し難くするという特徴がある。すなわち、合わせガラス１１を破砕してから中間膜が延伸するのに要するエネルギーは、従来の軟らかい中間膜を用いた合わせガラスよりも大きなものを要し、飛び込んだ歩行者はダッシュボード１２に衝突し難くなるとともに、仮にダッシュボード１２に衝突したとしても、その際にダッシュボード１２から受ける衝突エネルギーは、従来の合わせガラスの場合よりも小さなものとなる。   Since the interlayer film with high tensile rigidity is difficult to stretch, even if a pedestrian collides with the laminated glass 11 due to a traffic accident or the like, and the laminated glass 11 is crushed, the pedestrian breaks through the laminated glass 11 and the dashboard 12 or instrument. It is characterized by making it difficult to reach the panel 14. That is, the energy required for the interlayer film to stretch after crushing the laminated glass 11 is larger than that of the conventional laminated glass using the soft interlayer film, and the pedestrian who jumps in collides with the dashboard 12. While it becomes difficult, even if it collides with the dashboard 12, the collision energy received from the dashboard 12 at that time is smaller than in the case of conventional laminated glass.

その結果、歩行者は致命的な負傷を免れることが期待され、その場合衝突事故時における被災者の生存確率を高められるということになる。なお、引張剛性とは、中間膜の弾性率と中間膜の厚さとの積によって規定される。中間膜の弾性率は、ＪＩＳ・Ｋ７１１３にある２号試験片形状で膜厚を使用する膜厚とし、常温で毎分５００ｍｍの引張速度で試験して得られた１００％歪における弾性率とする。   As a result, pedestrians are expected to avoid fatal injuries, in which case the survivor's survival probability at the time of a collision accident can be increased. The tensile rigidity is defined by the product of the elastic modulus of the interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film. The elastic modulus of the interlayer film is the film thickness that uses the film thickness in the shape of No. 2 test piece in JIS / K7113, and is the elastic modulus at 100% strain obtained by testing at room temperature at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min. .

次に、合わせガラスの詳細な構造について説明する。
図４は、合わせガラスの一実施形態を示す断面図である。同図に示すように、合わせガラス１１は、２枚のガラス板（外板１１−１及び内板１１−２）で中間膜１１−３を挟むことで構成される。通常の合わせガラスであれば、１枚の連続した中間膜を２枚のガラス板で挟持することで作られるが、本発明の一態様においては、例えば領域１１Ａに引張剛性の高い中間膜１１Ａ−３を使用し、領域１１Ｂに領域１１Ａにおけるものよりも引張剛性の低い中間膜１１Ｂ−３を使用し、２枚の中間膜を並べて用いられる。 Next, the detailed structure of the laminated glass will be described.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a laminated glass. As shown in the figure, the laminated glass 11 is configured by sandwiching an intermediate film 11-3 between two glass plates (an outer plate 11-1 and an inner plate 11-2). In the case of ordinary laminated glass, it is made by sandwiching one continuous intermediate film between two glass plates. In one embodiment of the present invention, for example, the intermediate film 11A- 3 and the intermediate film 11B-3 having a lower tensile rigidity than that in the area 11A is used in the area 11B, and two intermediate films are used side by side.

なお、同図からも明らかなように、中間膜１１Ａ−３と１１Ｂ−３との間には継ぎ目が生じるが、オートクレーブ内で加熱・加圧される際に、中間膜１１Ａ−３及び１１Ｂ−３同士が溶着して継ぎ目が目立たなくなるため、搭乗者の視界の妨げになるようなことはない。   As can be seen from the figure, there is a seam between the intermediate films 11A-3 and 11B-3, but when heated and pressurized in the autoclave, the intermediate films 11A-3 and 11B- Since the three members are welded together and the seam becomes inconspicuous, the passenger's view is not hindered.

図５は、合わせガラスのその他の実施形態を示す断面図である。図４においては、１層構造の中間膜を用いたが、図４で示したような１層構造の中間膜１１Ａ−３及び１１Ｂ−３を、２枚の中間膜１１−３１及び１１−３２で挟むようにしてもよい。このような構成は、積層構造の中間膜１１−３を事前に作り置きすることができるため、取り扱い易い点で有利である。なお、積層構造の中間膜を用いる場合は、各積層膜の弾性率及び厚みを適宜選択し、領域１１Ｂの合わせガラスの中央付近の引張剛性が強くなりすぎないように調整することができる。   FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the laminated glass. In FIG. 4, an intermediate film having a single layer structure is used, but the intermediate films 11A-3 and 11B-3 having a single layer structure as shown in FIG. 4 are replaced by two intermediate films 11-31 and 11-32. It may be sandwiched between. Such a configuration is advantageous in that it is easy to handle because the intermediate film 11-3 having a laminated structure can be prepared in advance. In addition, when using the intermediate film of laminated structure, the elasticity modulus and thickness of each laminated film can be selected suitably, and it can adjust so that the tensile rigidity near the center of the laminated glass of the area | region 11B may not become strong too much.

次に、領域１１Ａ及び１１Ｂの詳細について説明する。
図６（ａ）、（ｂ）は、中間膜における引張剛性分布の一実施形態を示す正面図（車外側から目視した図）である。また、図７（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、中間膜における引張剛性分布のその他の実施形態を示す正面図である（車外側から目視した図）。 Next, details of the regions 11A and 11B will be described.
6A and 6B are front views (views viewed from the outside of the vehicle) showing an embodiment of the tensile stiffness distribution in the interlayer film. Moreover, Fig.7 (a)-(d) is a front view which shows other embodiment of the tensile rigidity distribution in an intermediate film (view seen from the vehicle outer side).

まず、領域１１Ａの形状は、図１に示したように均一幅のストライプ形状である必要はないため、例えば図６（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように、合わせガラス１１の概ね中心線Ｃの位置において領域１１Ａの幅が広くなったり、狭くなったりするレイアウトを採用してもよい。これらのような形状では、合わせガラスの製造のし易さや合わせガラスの形状、取り付ける自動車の型式（セダンタイプ、ワゴンタイプ等）に応じて、適宜決定することができる。   First, since the shape of the region 11A does not need to be a stripe shape having a uniform width as shown in FIG. 1, for example, as shown in FIGS. A layout in which the width of the region 11A is widened or narrowed at the position may be adopted. Such shapes can be appropriately determined according to the ease of production of laminated glass, the shape of laminated glass, and the type of automobile to be attached (sedan type, wagon type, etc.).

また、領域１１Ａの決め方の変形例として、図７（ａ）〜（ｄ）に示すようなものを採用してもよい。すなわち、Ａピラーに沿ってストライプ状に設けたり（図７（ａ））、Ａピラーから合わせガラス１１の下辺にかけて一連の領域としたり（図７（ｂ））、合わせガラス１１の周縁を一周する輪状の領域としたり（図７（ｃ））、合わせガラス１１の両サイドに領域１１Ａと１１Ｂとの境界が自動車の中心線Ｃと平行となるように設けたり（図７（ｄ））してもよい。領域１１Ａの位置、形状及び大きさは、衝突安全性の観点や合わせガラスの製造のし易さ等の観点を総合的に踏まえて決定される。   Moreover, you may employ | adopt what is shown to Fig.7 (a)-(d) as a modification of how to determine the area | region 11A. That is, it is provided in a stripe shape along the A pillar (FIG. 7A), or a series of regions are formed from the A pillar to the lower side of the laminated glass 11 (FIG. 7B). It may be a ring-shaped region (FIG. 7C) or provided on both sides of the laminated glass 11 so that the boundaries between the regions 11A and 11B are parallel to the center line C of the automobile (FIG. 7D). Also good. The position, shape, and size of the region 11A are determined based on overall considerations such as collision safety and ease of manufacturing laminated glass.

次に、本発明の一実施例について説明する。
図８は、実施例を示す説明図である。
本実施例により、中間膜の伸びを容易に調整できることを示す。この伸びは中間膜に添加する可塑剤の量に応じて可変できるが、以下では中間膜の温度や膜厚を変えることで、引張剛性を変えた場合を再現した。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment.
This example shows that the elongation of the intermediate film can be easily adjusted. This elongation can be varied according to the amount of plasticizer added to the intermediate film, but in the following, the case where the tensile stiffness was changed by changing the temperature and film thickness of the intermediate film was reproduced.

まず、合わせガラスの衝撃による変位量を測定するため、図８に示す装置を使用した。ＪＩＳ Ｒ３２１２の耐貫通性試験に準じ、所定の温度の下で支持枠２１に水平状態で保持された約３００ｍｍ×３００ｍｍの平板合わせガラス２０に質量２．２６ｋｇの鋼球３０を４ｍの高さから落下させた。合わせガラス２０が鋼球３０の衝撃を受け止めて変位した最大値を、高速度ビデオカメラ４１で撮像し、その撮像画像に基づいて計測した。支持枠２１は計測のため、側方から観察できるように４本の脚２２付きのものとした。   First, in order to measure the amount of displacement due to the impact of the laminated glass, the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 was used. According to the penetration resistance test of JIS R3212, a steel ball 30 with a mass of 2.26 kg is placed on a flat laminated glass 20 of about 300 mm × 300 mm held in a horizontal state on a support frame 21 at a predetermined temperature from a height of 4 m. I dropped it. The maximum value at which the laminated glass 20 was displaced by receiving the impact of the steel ball 30 was captured by the high-speed video camera 41 and measured based on the captured image. The support frame 21 is provided with four legs 22 so that it can be observed from the side for measurement.

高速度ビデオカメラ４１は、録画装置４２に接続されており、この装置により撮像画像が記録される。また、録画装置４２には、操作パネル等の入力装置４３及び液晶ディスプレイ等のモニタ４４が接続されており、これらにより撮像・録画の操作を行うとともに、モニタに撮像画像を映し出すことができる。   The high-speed video camera 41 is connected to a recording device 42, and captured images are recorded by this device. In addition, an input device 43 such as an operation panel and a monitor 44 such as a liquid crystal display are connected to the recording device 42, and it is possible to perform an imaging / recording operation and to display a captured image on the monitor.

表１及び図９に、合わせガラスの衝撃による変位量の測定条件及び最大変位量の測定結果示す。   In Table 1 and FIG. 9, the measurement conditions of the displacement amount by the impact of a laminated glass and the measurement result of the maximum displacement amount are shown.

Figure 0004844362
Figure 0004844362

中間膜の引張剛性は、中間膜の弾性率と中間膜の厚さの積で表すことができる。本実施例では、中間膜の温度を変えることによる中間膜の弾性率変化と、中間膜の膜厚変化によって、中間膜の引張剛性を変化させ、中間膜の伸びを調整した。中間膜の引張剛性は、可塑剤の添加量を変えることでも調整することができることは言うまでもない。   The tensile rigidity of the interlayer film can be expressed by the product of the elastic modulus of the interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film. In this example, the tensile rigidity of the intermediate film was changed by changing the elastic modulus of the intermediate film by changing the temperature of the intermediate film and the film thickness of the intermediate film, thereby adjusting the elongation of the intermediate film. Needless to say, the tensile rigidity of the interlayer film can also be adjusted by changing the amount of plasticizer added.

合わせガラス２０の中間膜として、一般的な自動車ガラス用高耐貫通性膜を使用した。上記中間膜はソルーシア社製のＳａｆｌｅｘ（商品名）であり、自動車安全ガラス用ＰＶＢ（膜厚が０．７６ｍｍ）である。高速度ビデオカメラは、Ｎａｃ ４ｃｉ（株式会社ナックイメージテクノロジー社製））を用い、毎秒５００コマ・シャッターはオープンでストロボを発光し、静止画像を撮影した。また、鋼球の沈下量は、鋼球３０の位置を見ており、実験開始前にガラス上面においた鋼球３０の位置をゼロ点としている。   As an intermediate film of the laminated glass 20, a general high penetration resistance film for automobile glass was used. The intermediate film is Saflex (trade name) manufactured by Solusia, and is PVB for automobile safety glass (film thickness is 0.76 mm). The high-speed video camera used was Nac 4ci (manufactured by Nac Image Technology Co., Ltd.), and the shutter was opened at 500 frames per second, and a strobe was emitted to take a still image. The amount of settlement of the steel ball looks at the position of the steel ball 30, and the position of the steel ball 30 placed on the upper surface of the glass before the start of the experiment is set to the zero point.

以上の実施例に示すように、中間膜の弾性率が小さくした場合と膜厚を大きくした場合、すなわち引張剛性が高くなることで、中間膜の伸びが小さくなり、合わせガラスの衝撃による最大変位量が小さくなる。これは、ウインドシールドに衝突した歩行者が合わせガラスを破砕したとしてもダッシュボード等に到達し難くなることが理解される。また、中間膜に添加する可塑剤の量を領域毎に調整することで、領域毎に引張剛性の異なる合わせガラスを作ることができる。   As shown in the above examples, when the elastic modulus of the interlayer film is reduced and when the film thickness is increased, that is, the tensile rigidity is increased, the elongation of the interlayer film is reduced, and the maximum displacement due to the impact of the laminated glass The amount becomes smaller. It is understood that even if a pedestrian colliding with the windshield breaks the laminated glass, it is difficult to reach the dashboard or the like. Further, by adjusting the amount of the plasticizer added to the interlayer film for each region, laminated glass having different tensile rigidity can be made for each region.

なお、中間膜の材料はＰＶＢだけでなく、その他の材料を用いてもよいし、ＰＶＢとＰＥＴ（polyethylene terephthalate）等の２種以上の膜を貼りあわせたものを用いてもよく、いずれの構成も本発明に含まれるものである。ＰＥＴ膜の表面には、金属等の単層又は多層構造からなる熱線反射膜が設けられていてもよい。   In addition, the material of the intermediate film is not limited to PVB, and other materials may be used, or a combination of PVB and two or more kinds of films such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) may be used. Are also included in the present invention. On the surface of the PET film, a heat ray reflective film made of a single layer or a multilayer structure of metal or the like may be provided.

粒径が０．２μｍ以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散配合された中間膜を用いることにより、熱線カットの機能を備えた合わせガラスを提供することができる。赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の材質としては、例えばＳｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｓｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｅ、Ｉｎ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｔ、Ｍｎ、Ｔａ、Ｗ、Ｖ、Ｍｏの金属、酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、又はこれらにＳｂ若しくはＦをドープしたドープ物からなる微粒子が例示される。これらの微粒子を単独又は複合物として使用することができる。また、これらの単独物又は複合物を有機樹脂に混合した混合物、又はこれらの単独物又は複合物を有機樹脂で被覆した被覆物を用いてもよい。   By using an intermediate film in which infrared shielding fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended, a laminated glass having a function of cutting heat rays can be provided. Examples of the material of the infrared shielding fine particles include Sn, Ti, Si, Zn, Zr, Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ce, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, Pt, Mn, Ta, W, V, and Mo. Examples thereof include fine particles made of metal, oxide, nitride, sulfide, or a dope doped with Sb or F. These fine particles can be used alone or as a composite. Moreover, you may use the mixture which coat | covered these single things or composites with the organic resin, or the coating which coat | covered these single things or composites with the organic resin.

また、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子としては、アンチモンがドープされた酸化錫（ＡＴＯ）微粒子、又は錫がドープされた酸化インジウム（ＩＴＯ）微粒子を用いることが好ましい。ＡＴＯ微粒子及びＩＴＯ微粒子はともに赤外線遮蔽性能に優れ、中間膜への配合量が少なくて済む。なお、ＡＴＯ微粒子とＩＴＯ微粒子とを比較した場合、ＩＴＯ微粒子の方が赤外線遮蔽性能に優れるため、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子としてＩＴＯ微粒子を用いることが特に好ましい。   Moreover, as the infrared shielding fine particles, it is preferable to use antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) fine particles or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) fine particles. Both ATO fine particles and ITO fine particles are excellent in infrared shielding performance, and the blending amount in the intermediate film is small. In addition, when the ATO fine particles and the ITO fine particles are compared, the ITO fine particles are more preferably used as the infrared shielding fine particles because the ITO fine particles have better infrared shielding performance.

さらに、中間膜中の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の分散配合割合を、中間膜の全質量１００質量部に対して０．１〜０．５質量部とすることにより、車内−車外間での赤外線通信を実現しつつ、赤外線の透過による車内温度の上昇を防ぐことができる。   Furthermore, infrared communication between the inside and outside of the vehicle can be performed by setting the dispersion blending ratio of the infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate film to 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. While realizing, it is possible to prevent the temperature inside the vehicle from rising due to infrared transmission.

以上においては、自動車の例を挙げたが、本発明はこれに限られるものではなく、例えば鉄道車両、船舶、航空機又は建築物等に上記ガラス板及び中間膜を適用できることは明らかである。   In the above, although the example of the motor vehicle was mentioned, this invention is not limited to this, For example, it is clear that the said glass plate and intermediate film are applicable to a rail vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, a building, etc., for example.

本発明の一つの実施の形態を示す正面図（車内側から目視）である。1 is a front view (viewed from the inside of a vehicle) showing an embodiment of the present invention. 図１の合わせガラスを示す正面図（車外側から目視）である。It is a front view (viewing from the vehicle outer side) which shows the laminated glass of FIG. 図１のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ’線断面図である。It is the III-III 'sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 合わせガラスの一実施形態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of a laminated glass. 合わせガラスのその他の実施形態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of a laminated glass. （ａ）、（ｂ）中間膜の硬度分布の一実施形態を示す正面図（車外側から目視）である。(A), (b) It is a front view (viewing from the vehicle outer side) which shows one Embodiment of the hardness distribution of an intermediate film. （ａ）〜（ｄ）中間膜の硬度分布のその他の実子形態を示す正面図（車外側から目視）である。(A)-(d) It is a front view (viewing from the vehicle outer side) which shows the other child form of the hardness distribution of an intermediate film. 実施例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows an Example. 合わせガラスの衝撃による最大変位量を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the maximum displacement amount by the impact of a laminated glass.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０：自動車
１１：合わせガラス
１１Ａ：第１の領域
１１Ｂ：第２の領域
１１−１：外板
１１−２：内板
１１−３：中間膜
１１Ａ−３：（硬い）中間膜
１１Ｂ−３：（軟らかい）中間膜
１１−３１、１１−３２：中間膜
１２：ダッシュボード
１３：ステアリングホイール
１４：インストルメントパネル
１５：ミラーベース
１６：ルームミラー
１７：エンジンフード
１８：カウル
１９：ルーフ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Automobile 11: Laminated glass 11A: 1st area | region 11B: 2nd area | region 11-1: Outer plate 11-2: Inner plate 11-3: Intermediate film 11A-3: (Hard) intermediate film 11B-3: (Soft) Intermediate Film 11-31, 11-32: Intermediate Film 12: Dashboard 13: Steering Wheel 14: Instrument Panel 15: Mirror Base 16: Room Mirror 17: Engine Hood 18: Cowl 19: Roof

Claims (3)

中間膜を複数枚のガラス板で挟むことで作られた合わせガラスであって、
前記中間膜は、正面視で少なくとも第１及び第２の領域を有し、
前記第１の領域は、前記合わせガラスの下辺及び／又は両側辺の少なくともいずれかに沿って広がる領域であり、
前記第１の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性と異なり、
前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、３ＭＰａ・ｍｍ以下であり、
前記第１の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性は、前記第２の領域における前記中間膜の引張剛性の２倍以上であることを特徴とする合わせガラス。 A laminated glass made by sandwiching an interlayer film between a plurality of glass plates,
The intermediate film has at least first and second regions in front view,
The first region is a region extending along at least one of a lower side and / or both sides of the laminated glass,
Tensile rigidity of the intermediate layer in the first region, unlike the tensile rigidity of the intermediate layer in the second region,
The tensile rigidity of the interlayer film in the second region is 3 MPa · mm or less,
The tensile stiffness of the intermediate layer in the first region, laminated glass, characterized in der Rukoto least twice the tensile rigidity of the intermediate layer in the second region. 前記第１の領域は、前記下辺から少なくとも１０ｃｍの幅を有する略帯状の領域である請求項１に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 1 , wherein the first region is a substantially band-shaped region having a width of at least 10 cm from the lower side. 前記中間膜は、多層構造を有する請求項１又は２に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate film has a multilayer structure.
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