JP4839472B2 - Expansion base for aquatic life and seaweed beds using this expansion base - Google Patents

Expansion base for aquatic life and seaweed beds using this expansion base Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4839472B2
JP4839472B2 JP2001218859A JP2001218859A JP4839472B2 JP 4839472 B2 JP4839472 B2 JP 4839472B2 JP 2001218859 A JP2001218859 A JP 2001218859A JP 2001218859 A JP2001218859 A JP 2001218859A JP 4839472 B2 JP4839472 B2 JP 4839472B2
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base
expansion
plate
main body
enlargement
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JP2003023911A (en
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隆 大西
信広 今井
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Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
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Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、海中着脱式等の水生生物育成用の拡大基盤と、この拡大基盤を利用した藻場に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
海藻類を人工的に養殖する技術については種々研究、実験が繰り返されており、例えば、海洋牧場計画として、種苗生産から人工礁(移植用の人工礁であり、本発明の移植基盤に相当する)に到る広範囲について行われている。この海洋牧場計画の一環である人工礁に関しても、基盤素材の分野から人工礁構造の分野と多岐に到る。
【0003】
そして、従来、人工礁又はこれに類するものとして種々を提案されている(例えば、実公平6−5734号、特開平6−343369号等)。また本出願人も、特開平10−33083号の水生生物育成用の人工礁を提案する(文献1とする)。内容は、脚付きコンクリート構造物の本体ベースに複数の凹部を設け、この凹部に着生板を着脱自在に設け、この着生板を海中において着脱自在に設けるとともに、この着生板の表面を本体ベースの表面より突出する構成とした水生生物育成用の人工礁である。従って、陸上での種苗生産作業、又は海中での着生板の着脱という簡便な作業(操作)により最適な人工的養殖及び藻場を提供し、また海底への設置が容易で、かつ設置後、安定的な設置が図れること、更に食害防止を図り、藻類に好適な成育環境及び効率的な生育が図れること、また種苗生産及び水生生物育成用の人工礁(移植基盤)の形成が可能となること、等の特徴を有する。
【0004】
尚、一部に稜角部を備えた構造の人工礁は存在する。例えば、特開平2−255027号の海中林造成用基盤である(文献2とする)。この文献2に記載の発明は、稜角部を備えた突起を基盤本体に一体的に突設する構成である。文献2の図3に示されているように、滞流域を形成し、稜角部への胞子の効率的な活着(付着)を図る構成である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記文献1による移植基盤に設けた各着生板の表面構造は、表面に採苗した種糸又は藻の着生の容易化を図るために、フラット形状、又はポーラス形状となっている。しかし、本発明が意図する拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板に、前記移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止める(胞子が活着し易い)稜角部を備えた構成、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合には、この異物が前記胞子を受止めるのに弊害となるので、当該異物を、稜角部から除くために、例えば、溝部を形成し、この溝部に異物を落し込む構成、等を備えていないこと等の問題点がある。
【0006】
また文献2では、基盤本体の一部に稜角部付きの突起(以下、稜角部とする)を備えた構造の造成基盤となっている。しかし、基盤本体と稜角部が一体形状であり、海流及び/又は胞子の放出方向に対して、この稜角部の位置変更は、基盤本体の変更を必要とし、その作業が大変である。また基盤本体上において、各稜角部を、海流及び/又は胞子の放出方向に対して、個別に変更することは不可能である。さらにこの文献2では、稜角部が、磯焼け現象で、例えば、石灰藻の生育が旺盛となって、基盤本体又は稜角部の表面が紅色、白色に変質した場合でも、簡易な取替えができないこと、又は海中林の生成に支障をきたすこと、等の問題がある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、移植基盤より放出される胞子を、拡大用本体ベースの位置等を変更しないで、原則として拡大用着生板のみの多方向の変更を利用して、胞子を受止めかつ胞子が活着し易い多方向の稜角部を形成すること、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板及び/又は拡大用本体ベースの表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除くために、例えば、異物を溝部及び/又は領域等に落し込んで、胞子を受止める構成とすること、等を意図する。
【0008】
また請求項1の発明は、稜角部及び溝部とを利用し、水流を乱して(乱流)又は渦(渦流)等の海水の動きを利用して、胞子の活着を促進すること、異物の排除を図ること、又は磯焼け等の現象に対しても、拡大用着生板の取替え及び/又は方向の変更等を介して対処すること、等を意図する。
【0009】
請求項1は、複数個の凹部を備えた拡大用本体ベースと、この拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段手段を介して設けた稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた多数の拡大用着生板とで構成する拡大基盤であって、この拡大基盤を、人工藻場、又は自然藻場等の移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置し、前記多数の拡大用着生板の稜角部の向きを、当該多数の拡大用着生板の着脱による手段を介して変更可能に設け、また当該各拡大用着生板の溝部、及び前記拡大用本体ベースと前記多数の拡大用着生板とで形成した領域の段差に砂、石等の異物を落し込み可能とする構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0010】
請求項2・3の発明は、胞子が活着し易い稜角部を形成すること、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除き易くすること、等を意図する。
【0011】
請求項2は、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部と表面との間、及び肩部とに稜角部を設ける構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0012】
請求項3は、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部の両側に大小の山部を形成し、この山部の両側に稜角部を設ける構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0013】
請求項4の発明は、砂場に設置した移植基盤より放出される胞子を、拡大用着生板の方向の変更を利用して、胞子を受止めかつ胞子が活着し易い稜角部を形成すること、又は砂場に設置した拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除くために、例えば、異物を溝部等に落し込んで、胞子を受止める構成とすること、また多方向の稜角部及び溝部とを利用し、海流の乱れ、又は渦等の海水の動きを利用して、胞子の活着を促進すること、等を意図する。
【0014】
請求項4は、移植基盤と、この移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置した拡大基盤とで構成した藻場であって、この藻場の移植基盤を、表面に採苗した種糸又は藻の着生を図るための一条又は数条の凹凸溝、及びこの凹凸溝間に設けた複数個の凹部を備えた移植用本体ベースと、この移植用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた多数の移植用着生板とで構成し、また藻場の拡大基盤を、凹凸溝、及び複数個の凹部を備えた拡大用本体ベースと、この拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けられる稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた拡大用着生板とで構成し、たことを特徴とした拡大基盤を利用した藻場である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の移植用着生板は、原則として一体構造とする。その構造は、石灰石・他の石等の砕石、天然・人工等の骨材、又は他の骨材、等の骨材をモルタルベースで結合一体化して成形する。一例を挙げると、砕石粒径を5〜10mm程度とする。この移植用着生板の表面に凹凸、望ましくは、微細な凹凸(梨地状の凹凸)を設ける構造であれば、骨材の形状、物性、資質等は問わない。また混合比率の一例は、セメント21重量%に対して砕石79重量%とする。移植用着生板は方形状とし、必要により緊締具を設ける。また移植用着生板の表面は、洗い出し作業により梨地状、凹凸、微細孔等にする場合もある。
【0016】
また本発明の移植用本体ベースは、四本の脚(必要により設ける)を備えた短脚卓状を呈する全体構造を示しており、また碁盤状に一個又は数個の凹部を有する。そして、コンクリート密度は海況(水深、波浪への影響等)を考慮して変更されるが、通常、1.8t/m〜3.0t/mを採用する。そして、この例の如く、コンクリート密度2.3t/mの配合比の一例では、骨材87重量%、セメント13重量%とする。この移植用本体ベースの凹部には、移植用着生板が着脱自在に設けられる。そして、この移植用着生板は、通常、カジメ用の移植基盤と、アラメ用の移植基盤とが考えられるので、以下、一例を説明する。
【0017】
図1〜図4に示す一例のカジメ用の移植用着生板は、方形状とする。この移植用着生板の標準的寸法は、250mm×250mm×50mmである。表面は洗い出し形態とする。また移植用本体ベースは、短脚卓状とする。その標準的寸法は、2000mm×1500mm×600mmである。表面のフラット面を残して等辺山形状の凹凸溝を一条又は数条設けることで、凹部間に設け採苗した種糸(幼芽)又は藻の着生の向上を図る。また移植用本体ベースに、食害防止手段の一環として役立つ人工芝と、藻場への鉄分拡散及び人工芝の取付用として役立つ鉄板とを設ける。この人工芝は、匍匐動物(巻貝類・ウニ類等)の中で、巻貝類・ウニ類に対する食害防止、また移植用本体ベースの周面に凹溝を設けて、吸着して移植する巻貝類に、粘稠の困難性又は粘稠力の減退等を図り、食害防止を図る。
【0018】
この移植用本体ベースを海中に設置し、移植用本体ベースのフラット面に設けた一個又は数個の凹部に、幼芽が取付けられた移植用着生板を被嵌、取付け等を利用して設け、この凹部を移植用着生板で完全に被嵌する。この凹部への水生生物・動物の侵入防止を図り、しかも移植用着性板の着脱の容易化が図れる。この移植基盤をクレーン等の重機で吊上げた後、海中に沈める。例えば、5m〜20mの海底に沈めた状態で、移植基盤の凹部は全て閉塞されており、活着動物の凹部への進入防止を図る。尚、移植用着生板は、海中において簡易かつ迅速に設置又は取外しできる特徴を有し、また食害の発生、採苗の変更、流失による損壊等において、交換が必要な場合には、簡易かつスムーズに取替え可能である。尚、この移植用着生板を、移植用本体ベースの凹部と表面(フラット面)に、着脱、取替え、回動等の手段を介して設ける構成として、多方向への胞子の放出を図ることもできる。
【0019】
図5〜図8に示す一例のアラメ用の移植用着生板は、方形状であり、標準的寸法及び形態は、前述のカジメ用に準ずる。また移植用本体ベースは、短脚卓状であって、標準的寸法は1600mm×900mm×450mmとする。この表面にハツリ模様による起伏を設け、採苗した種糸又は藻の着生を図るとともに、同表面に等辺山形状の凹凸溝を一条又は数条かつ後述する凹部間に設け着生の向上を図る。移植用本体ベースには食害防止の一環として役立つ人工芝、及び鉄分拡散等も、前述のカジメ用に準ずる。他の構造は、前述の移植用着生板に準ずる。
【0020】
次に、本発明の拡大用着生板は、一体構造であって、石灰石・他の石等の砕石、天然・人工等の骨材、又は他の骨材、等の骨材をモルタルベースで結合一体化して成形する。一例を挙げると、砕石粒径を5〜10mm程度とする。この拡大用着生板の表面に稜角部を、少なくとも二箇所(二条)設ける。この稜角部を設けることで、海流又は渦の生成(人工湧昇の発生、図12、図17に矢印で示す)を図り、例えば、胞子の着生の向上、又は流速の加速を生成して、拡大用着生板に堆積又は残存する異物の排除に役立てる。即ち、胞子、配偶体、発芽体等の移植と、この胞子、配偶体等の埋没をなくして、確実な生育を図ることにあり、例えば、多方向に向く稜角部にツルアラメ幼体の活着が確認されている。尚、この拡大用着生板の溝部及び拡大用着生板と拡大用本体ベース表面との領域で形成される段差は、異物の排除時の落し込み用空間として利用することで、拡大用本体ベース及び/又は拡大用着生板に堆積又は残存する異物の排除に役立てる。そして、前述のように溝部及び段差を伴う稜角部は、海流又は渦の生成と異物の排除に効果的であるので、例えば、胞子、配偶体等の着生と、生育に好影響を与えている。この結果は、アラメ用、カジメ用でも同効が期待できる。
【0021】
また本発明の拡大用本体ベースは、四本の脚を備えた短脚卓状を呈する全体構造を示しており、また碁盤状に一個又は数個の凹部を有する。そして、他の構造は、前述の移植用着生板に準ずる。
【0022】
図9〜図13に示す一例のカジメ用の拡大用着生板は、方形状とする。この拡大用着生板の標準的寸法は、前記移植用着生板に準ずる。また拡大用本体ベースは、短脚卓状とする。その標準的寸法・他の構成は、前記移植用本体ベースに準ずる。尚、この拡大用着生板は、略中央に溝部を設け、この溝部と表面との間に、対峙関係となる稜角部、肩部の稜角部、又は拡大用着生板と拡大用本体ベース表面との領域で形成される段差とを設ける構成である。この稜角部、溝部及び段差の役目は、前述の通りである。
【0023】
図14〜図18に示す一例のアラメ用の拡大用着生板は、方形状であり、標準的寸法及び形態は、前述のカジメ用に準ずる。また拡大用本体ベースは、短脚卓状とする。その標準的寸法・他の構成は、前記拡大用本体ベースに準ずる。尚、この拡大用着生板は、略中央に溝部を設け、この溝部の両側に大小の山部を形成し、この山部に稜角部を形成する。そして、拡大用着生板と拡大用本体ベース表面との領域で段差が形成される。従って、多数の稜角部が形成されて、前述の効果の拡大が図れること、また溝部及び段差の役目は、前述の通りである。
【0024】
以上のように、本発明では、移植・拡大用本体ベースの凹部に、移植・拡大用着生板を着脱、取替え、回動等の手段を介して設けた構成である。従って、海中での作業の容易化、及び採苗への海中交換を促し、藻場(海中林)として機能を発揮できること、陸上での容易な段取り、並びに安全性の向上等が図れること、又は移植・拡大用着生板の流失・食害・磯焼け等による損失と、他の損壊等の場合には、この移植・拡大用着生板等を簡易かつスムーズに取替え可能となり大変重宝すること、等の実益がある。更に拡大用着生板が種々の効果があることは前述の通りである。尚、拡大用本体ベースの凹部に、拡大用着生板を着脱、取替え、回動等の手段を介して嵌着、回動、移動等できる構成とする。この凹部の外形形状(平面形状)は、方形、多角形、円形のいずれでもよく、拡大用着生板の底部形状もこれと合せて形成される。この凹部が円形の場合には着生板を回動させることができ、拡大用着生板の稜角部の位置は360°の方向で調整できる。この際、拡大用着生板の嵌着等の方法は、各図示の例があり、例えば、拡大用本体ベースの設置の場所及び/位置等を変更せず、この拡大用本体ベース内(表面)において、稜角部を一方向に整列して嵌着する構成と、同様にして稜角部をランダムに嵌着する構成とがある。このランダムに嵌着して、多方向の稜角部とする理由は、海中の潮流、異物の堆積状況、又は胞子の種類、拡散状況、乱流・渦の生成等の各種の条件を考慮して、最適な各方向を採用することにある。このように、稜角部の各方向を、海流及び/又は海中位置の多様な状況に適合することで、確実かつ効率的な胞子の活着と、海中林の生成に役立つ特徴がある。そして、拡大用着生板の稜角部及び溝部又は段差の変更は、拡大用本体ベースの位置等の変更を付加すれば、さらに各種の効果が可能となる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、移植用着生板1、11と、拡大用着生板21、31とに区別して説明する。
【0026】
図1〜図4に示す一例のカジメ用の移植用着生板1と、図5〜図8に示すアラメ用の移植用着生板11とを説明する。この移植用着生板1、11は方形状であり(一例であり多角形状等も可能である)、移植用本体ベース2、12の表面2a、12aに設ける凹部3、13の平面形状は方形、多角形に限らず円形とすることができる。円形であれば、当該移植用着生板1、11を360°回動(移動又は回転)可能とする構成となる。移植用着生板1、11の底部の形状は嵌合するように凹部の平面形状と対応する形状とされる。前記移植用本体ベース2、12の表面2a、12aには、多数本の凹凸溝4、14を形成する。また前記凹部3、13は、移植用本体ベース2、12の表面2a、12aに形成したフラット面5、15に形成することで、前記凹凸溝4、14の形状、働き等を壊さず、また移植用着生板1、11の働きの確保、又は全体の形状の安定性、等を図る。図中6、16は移植用本体ベース2、12の脚、7、17は移植用本体ベース2、12の凹溝、8、18は移植用本体ベース2、12に設ける鉄板、9、19は移植用本体ベース2、12に設けた人工芝をそれぞれ示す。尚、アラメ用の移植用着生板11のように二重構造も可能であり、移植用着生板11の一部が、表面12aより突出する構成、又は凹部と表面12aと面一等の構成例がある。
【0027】
次に図9〜図12(イ)、(ロ)、図13に示す一例のカジメ用の拡大用着生板21と、図14〜図17(イ)、(ロ)、図18に示すアラメ用の拡大用着生板31とを説明する。この拡大用着生板21、31は方形状であり(一例であり多角形状等も可能である)、拡大用本体ベース22、32の表面22a、32aより陥没した形態で多数個設けた例えば、方形状等の凹部23、33に、それぞれ嵌着される。尚、拡大用本体ベース22、32の表面22a、32aには、多数本の凹凸溝24、34を形成する。また前記凹部23、33は、拡大用本体ベース22、32の表面22a、32aに形成したフラット面25、35に形成することで、前記凹凸溝24、34の形状、働き等を壊さず、また拡大用着生板21、31の働きの確保、又は全体の形状の安定性等を図る。図中26、36は拡大用本体ベース22、32の脚、27、37は拡大用本体ベース22、32の凹溝、28、38は移植用本体ベース22、32に設ける鉄板、29、39は拡大用本体ベース22、32に設けた人工芝をそれぞれ示す。尚、アラメ用の拡大用着生板31のように二重構造も可能であり、拡大用着生板31の一部が、表面32aより突出する構成、又は凹部と表面32aと面一等の構成例がある。図中21a、31aは拡大用着生板21、31の表面を示す。また前記表面22a、32aに設ける凹部23、33の平面形状は方形、多角形に限らず円形とすることができる。円形の場合には、当該拡大用着生板21、31を360°回動(移動又は回転)可能とする構成となる。この回動を利用して、拡大用着生板21の稜角部(後述する)の方向が360°回動可能となり、活着の拡充が図れる。そして、前記方形状等の凹部23、33を採用した構成の拡大用着生板21、31に対して、稜角部(後述する)の自由度が高い特徴がある。尚、拡大用着生板21、31の底部の形状は嵌合するように凹部23、33の平面形状と対応する形状とされる。図12(ロ)、図17(ロ)は、拡大用着生板21、31の底部21b、31bの形状を平面円形状の凹部23、33に対応する円錐状とした例を示している。
【0028】
尚、前記拡大用着生板21は、略中央に溝部210を設け、この溝部210と表面21aとの間(溝部210と表面21aとの連設箇所)に、対峙関係となる稜角部211と、肩部21a−1の稜角部211−1とを形成する構成である。また前記拡大用着生板31は、略中央に溝部310を設け、この溝部310の両側に大小の山部311、312を形成し、この山部311、312に稜角部313、314を形成する。そして、山部311、312の全てに稜角部313、314を形成する。図中212、315は取付け用の孔を示しており、ここに緊締具(図示せず)を入れる。また図示しないが、前記各拡大用着生板21、31を、前記各移植用着生板1、11として利用することも可能である。尚、稜角部211、稜角部211−1は、図示の如く、直線に限定されず、例えば、曲線、波線等も可能であり、活着の効果と、多方向の稜角部211、稜角部211−1の方向性の確保と、回動等の省略等を介して作業の簡略化とが図れる。
【0029】
また、拡大用着生板は、拡大用本体ベース22、32の凹部23、33のみならず拡大用本体ベース22、32の表面(フラット面)にも着脱、取替え、回動等の手段を介して設けることができ、拡大用本体ベース22、32の有効活用を図ることができる。尚、拡大用本体ベース22、32の表面22a、32aと多数の拡大用着生板21、31の立上り壁面とで形成した領域に段差2100、3100を形成し、この段差2100、3100を、異物の落し込み用のスペースとして利用する。また拡大用本体ベース22、32の凹凸溝24、34及び/又は周辺角部等は、放出される胞子を受止め可能とし、活着部として機能する。
【0030】
図19は、前記移植用本体ベース2、12に各移植用着生板1、11を設けた移植基盤Aと、前記拡大用本体ベース22、32に各拡大用着生板21、31を設けた拡大基盤Bとの組合せの一例を示す。この例における実験結果の一例を説明する。この拡大基盤Bを4方向の40基とした、また移植基盤A(既設造成基盤)を100基設置して海中林の実験を行った。この例では、核となる移植基盤Aから4方向に拡大基盤Bを設置し、流向頻度の多い西向きに近い養殖筏方向で、イ方向(移植基盤Aから300゜:概ね西北西)のみ良好な幼体発生結果が得られた。また真南から30°西方向が湾口方向で、ロ方向とする。真北から30°東方向が湾奥方向で、ハ方向とする。さらに真東から30°南方向が岸方向で、ニ方向とする。地形は、海底が概ね砂地である。この拡大基盤Bの一部(ニ、ロ方向の先端部)と移植基盤Aでは砂地に転石が多く、岩場になっている。尚、これまでの実験を検討した処、着生確認箱(図示しない)を用いて、移植基盤Aから流向頻度の多い真西方向の120m地点まで着生試験を行い、100m地点まで幼体の発生が確認された。そして、遊走子発生域からの距離が遠くなるほど遊走子が拡散され幼体発生率は下がるが、100m以内であれば比較的出現密度は高いという結果が判明した。また遊走子の供給源は、移植基盤Aのみならず、拡大基盤Bもあり得るため単純ではないが、過去の調査結果による流向頻度と幼体発生数とが概ね一致する結果が得られた。
【0031】
図20は、図19の実験に使用した拡大基盤Bであり、この拡大基盤Bは、拡大用本体ベース22、32に設けられた図21に示す拡大用着生板21、31と、フラット拡大用着生板X、凹凸拡大用着生板Yを設けた例を示しており、胞子の活着状態及び/又は幼体の数を表1、2として示す。表1、2に示す記号の1がフラット拡大用着生板Xを、記号の2が凹凸拡大用着生板Yを、また記号の3が拡大用着生板21を、記号の4が拡大用着生板31を示しており、垂直が胞子の放出方向に対して略交差する方向であり、また平行が胞子の放出方向と略同じ方向を、それぞれ示す。拡大基盤Bの方向と胞子等の活着数を示しており、この実験例では、養殖筏方向が良かったこと、及び本発明の拡大用着生板21、31が優れていたことが判明した。またグラフ1、2は、表1、2に対応する。更に平均値をグラフ3に示した。この実験例では、グラフ1、2と表1、2において現れているように、前述イ方向に活着した胞子、幼体等の数の確認ができており、良好な結果が判明した。総括すると、海流の流れ方向の頻度性と、前述した拡大用本体ベース22、32の凹部23、33に、拡大用着生板21、31をランダムに設置した状況、及び稜角部211、211−1等の形態、又は段差2100等の総合的な特徴が影響していると考えられる。
【0032】
表1

Figure 0004839472
【0033】
表2
Figure 0004839472
【0034】
グラフ1
Figure 0004839472
【0035】
グラフ2
Figure 0004839472
【0036】
グラフ3
Figure 0004839472
【0037】
尚、図22は、拡大用本体ベース22、32に拡大用着生板21、31を、ランダムに嵌着し、各方向の稜角部とする例を示す。また図23は、移植基盤Aを自然藻場(自然群落)とした例を示す。図中40は海面、41は陸上、42は海底を示す。Cは胞子を示す。
【0038】
また前述の説明では、一例として、カジメ用の拡大用着生板21と、アラメ用の拡大用着生板31とに区別して説明したが、それぞれに併用できる。またその他、例えば、他の褐藻類、海藻類等の岩礁性藻類にも同じように使用できることは勿論である。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明は、拡大用本体ベースと、拡大用本体ベースの着脱による手段を介して設けられる稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた多数の拡大用着生板とで構成する拡大基盤であって、拡大基盤を、移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置し、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に設ける多数の拡大用着生板の稜角部の向きを、多数の拡大用着生板の着脱による手段を介して個々に変更可能に設け、また拡大用着生板の溝部、及び拡大用本体ベースと各拡大用着生板とで形成した領域の段差に異物を落し込み可能とする構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0040】
従って、下記の効果がある。
【0041】
(1)移植基盤より放出される胞子を、拡大用着生板の稜角部の方向の多方向の変更を利用して、胞子を受止めかつ胞子が活着し易い稜角部を形成できること、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板及び/又は拡大用本体ベースの表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除くために、例えば、異物を溝部及び/又は段差等に落し込んで、胞子を受止め得ること、等である。
【0042】
(2)また稜角部及び溝部を利用し、水流を乱して(乱流)又は渦(渦流)等の海水の動きを利用して、胞子の活着が促進されること、異物の排除が図れること、又は磯焼け、破損等の現象に対しても、拡大用着生板の取替え及び/又は方向の変更等を介して有効に対処できること、等である。
【0043】
請求項2の発明は、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部と表面との間、及び肩部とに稜角部を設ける構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0044】
従って、下記の効果がある。
【0045】
(3)胞子が活着し易い稜角部を形成できること、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除き易くなること、等である。
【0046】
請求項3の発明は、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部の両側に大小の山部を形成し、この山部の両側に稜角部を設ける構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤である。
【0047】
従って、下記の効果がある。
【0048】
(4)胞子が活着し易い稜角部を形成できること、又は拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除き易くなること、等である。
【0049】
請求項4の発明は、移植基盤と、この移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置した拡大基盤とで構成した藻場であり、藻場の移植基盤を、表面に採苗した種糸又は藻の着生を図るための各凹凸溝、及び凹部とで形成する移植用本体ベースと、移植用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた移植用着生板とで構成し、また藻場の拡大基盤を、凹凸溝、及び複数個の凹部を備えた拡大用本体ベースと、拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けられる稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた拡大用着生板とで構成したことを特徴とした拡大基盤を利用した藻場である。
【0050】
従って、下記の効果がある。
【0051】
(5)砂場(自然藻場のない海底)に設置した移植基盤より放出される胞子を、拡大用着生板の方向を変更し、胞子を受止め、かつこの胞子が活着し易い多方向の稜角部を形成できること、又は砂場に設置した拡大基盤及び/又は拡大用着生板の表面に、砂、石等の異物が存在する場合に、この異物を、稜角部から除くために、例えば、異物を溝部、段差等に落し込んで、胞子を受止めることができること、等である。
【0052】
(6)また多方向の稜角部及び溝部とを利用し、海流の乱れ、又は渦等の海水の動きを利用して、胞子の活着を促進できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】カジメ用の移植基盤の斜視図である。
【図2】カジメ用の移殖基盤の一部を欠截した平面図である。
【図3】カジメ用の移植基盤の正面図である。
【図4】カジメ用の移植用本体ベースと移植用着生板との関係を示す模式図である。
【図5】アラメ用の移植基盤の斜視図である。
【図6】アラメ用の移殖基盤の一部を欠截した平面図である。
【図7】アラメ用の移植基盤の正面図である。
【図8】アラメ用の移植用本体ベースと移植用着生板との関係を示す模式図である。
【図9】カジメ用の拡大基盤の斜視図である。
【図10】カジメ用の拡大基盤の一部を欠截した平面図である。
【図11】カジメ用の拡大用着生板の拡大斜視図である。
【図12】(イ)はカジメ用の拡大用着生板の一例の拡大正面図、(ロ)はカジメ用の拡大用着生板の他の一例の拡大正面図である。
【図13】カジメ用の拡大用着生板の拡大平面図である。
【図14】アラメ用の拡大基盤の斜視図である。
【図15】アラメ用の拡大基盤の一部を欠截した平面図である。
【図16】アラメ用の拡大用着生板の拡大斜視図である。
【図17】(イ)はアラメ用の拡大用着生板の一例の拡大正面図、(ロ)はアラメ用の拡大用着生板の他の一例の拡大正面図である。
【図18】アラメ用の拡大用着生板の拡大平面図である。
【図19】移殖基盤と拡大基盤の実験の一例を示す縮尺模式図である。
【図20】図19の拡大基盤を示す拡大模式図である。
【図21】図19の拡大基盤に使用した、各拡大用着生板の一例を示す拡大模式図である。
【図22】拡大基盤の他の一例、又はその他の一例を示す縮尺模式図であり、(1)、(1’)はカジメ用、(2)、(2’)はアラメ用である。
【図23】移殖基盤と拡大基盤の他の一例を示す縮尺模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 移植用着生板
2 移植用本体ベース
2a 表面
3 凹部
4 凹凸溝
5 フラット面
6 脚
7 凹溝
8 鉄板
9 人工芝
11 移植用着生板
12 移植用本体ベース
12a 表面
13 凹部
14 凹凸溝
15 フラット面
16 脚
17 凹溝
18 鉄板
19 人工芝
21 拡大用着生板
21a 表面
21a−1 肩部
21b 底部
210 溝部
2100 段差
211 稜角部
211−1 稜角部
212 孔
22 拡大用本体ベース
22a 表面
23 凹部
24 凹凸溝
25 フラット面
26 脚
27 凹溝
28 鉄板
29 人工芝
31 拡大用着生板
31a 表面
31b 底部
310 溝部
3100 段差
311 山部
312 山部
313 稜角部
314 稜角部
315 孔
32 拡大用本体ベース
32a 表面
33 凹部
34 凹凸溝
35 フラット面
36 脚
37 凹溝
38 鉄板
39 人工芝
40 海面
41 陸上
42 海底
A 移植基盤
B 拡大基盤
C 胞子
X フラット拡大用着生板
Y 凹凸拡大用着生板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an expansion base for aquatic life growth such as an underwater detachable type and a seaweed basin using the expansion base.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various researches and experiments have been repeated on the technology for artificially cultivating seaweeds. For example, as an ocean ranch plan, from seedling production to artificial reefs (transplant artificial reefs, which correspond to the transplant base of the present invention ) To a wide range. Artificial reefs that are part of this marine ranch plan also range from the field of base materials to the field of artificial reef structures.
[0003]
Conventionally, various types of artificial reefs or similar ones have been proposed (for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-5734, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-343369). Further, the present applicant also proposes an artificial reef for aquatic organism cultivation described in JP-A-10-33083 (referred to as reference 1). The content is that the base of the concrete structure with legs is provided with a plurality of recesses, and an epidemic plate is detachably provided in the recess, and the epidemic plate is detachably provided in the sea. It is an artificial reef for aquatic organisms that protrudes from the surface of the main body base. Therefore, optimal artificial farming and seaweed beds are provided by simple seeding and seedling production work on land or by attaching and detaching seedling plates in the sea, and it is easy to install on the seabed. It is possible to establish a stable installation, to prevent feeding damage, to develop a suitable growth environment and efficient growth for algae, and to form artificial reefs (planting bases) for seedling production and aquatic life And the like.
[0004]
In addition, there exists an artificial reef having a structure with a ridge portion in part. For example, it is a base for underwater forest creation of JP-A-2-255027 (referred to as reference 2). The invention described in this document 2 has a configuration in which a protrusion having a ridge corner is integrally provided on the base body. As shown in FIG. 3 of Document 2, this is a configuration in which a stagnant region is formed and efficient spore attachment (attachment) to the ridge corner is achieved.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The surface structure of each seedling plate provided on the transplant base according to Document 1 has a flat shape or a porous shape in order to facilitate the seeding of seedlings or algae collected on the surface. However, a configuration in which the expansion base and / or the expansion plate intended by the present invention include a ridge portion that receives spores released from the transplant base (the spores are easy to settle), or the expansion base and / or When foreign matter such as sand or stone is present on the surface of the expansion plate, the foreign matter is harmful to receiving the spores.To remove the foreign matter from the ridge, for example, There is a problem that a groove portion is formed and a configuration for dropping foreign matter into the groove portion is not provided.
[0006]
Further, in Document 2, a base having a structure in which a part of the base body is provided with a protrusion with a ridge corner (hereinafter referred to as a ridge corner). However, the base body and the ridge corner are integrally formed, and changing the position of the ridge corner with respect to the ocean current and / or spore discharge direction requires a change of the base body, and the work is difficult. Moreover, it is impossible to change each ridge corner part individually with respect to the discharge direction of an ocean current and / or a spore on a base | substrate main body. Furthermore, in this document 2, the ridge corner is a burning phenomenon, for example, even if the growth of lime algae is vigorous and the surface of the base body or the ridge corner changes to red or white, it cannot be easily replaced. There are problems such as hindering the generation of underwater forests.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 accepts the spores released from the transplant base by using the multidirectional change of only the enlargement plate, in principle, without changing the position of the enlargement base. In addition, when a foreign material such as sand or stone is present on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion base plate and / or the main body for expansion, forming multi-directional ridge corners where the spores are easy to settle, In order to remove the foreign matter from the ridge corner, for example, it is intended that the foreign matter is dropped into the groove and / or region to receive spores.
[0008]
Further, the invention of claim 1 uses the ridges and grooves to disturb the water flow (turbulent flow) or the movement of seawater such as vortices (vortex flow) to promote spore engraftment, foreign matter It is intended to deal with a phenomenon such as stagnation, or to deal with a phenomenon such as scallop burning through replacement of the expansion plate and / or change of direction.
[0009]
Claim 1 includes a main body base for enlargement provided with a plurality of concave portions, and a concave portion or a concave portion and a surface of the main body base for enlargement. Means by detachment It is an expansion base composed of a large number of expansion plates provided with ridges and grooves provided through means, and this expansion base is made from a transplant base such as an artificial algae field or a natural algae field It is arranged at a place where the released spores can be received, and the direction of the ridge corners of the large number of expansion plates is adjusted to Means by detachment In addition, foreign substances such as sand and stones are dropped on the step portions of the regions formed by the groove portions of the respective expansion plate and the enlargement main body base and the large number of expansion plate. It is an expansion base for aquatic life breeding that has a structure that can be included.
[0010]
The inventions of claims 2 and 3 form the ridges where spores are easy to settle, or when foreign substances such as sand and stone are present on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion plate. Is intended to be easily removed from the ridges.
[0011]
Claim 2 is provided on the surface of the main body base for enlargement. Means by detachment An expansion plate for aquatic organisms with a configuration in which a substantially trapezoidal groove portion is provided in front of the expansion plate provided through the groove, and a ridge angle portion is provided between the groove portion and the surface and between the shoulder portions. Is the foundation.
[0012]
Claim 3 is provided on the surface of the main body base for enlargement. Means by detachment The enlarging plate provided via the front surface is provided with a substantially trapezoidal groove when viewed from the front, large and small peaks are formed on both sides of the groove, and ridge corners are provided on both sides of the peak. It is an expansion base for aquatic life.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 4 forms ridges that receive spores and that are easy for the spores to settle by utilizing the change in the direction of the enlarging plate for spores released from the transplant base installed in the sandbox. If there is foreign matter such as sand or stone on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion plate installed in the sandbox, in order to remove this foreign matter from the ridge, Drop into a structure that accepts spores, and use multidirectional ridges and grooves to turbulent currents, or use seawater movements such as vortices to promote spore survival, Is intended.
[0014]
Claim 4 is an algae bed composed of a transplant base and an enlarged base arranged in a place where spores released from the transplant base can be received, and the transplant base of the algae base is seeded on the surface. A transplant main body base provided with one or several concavo-convex grooves and a plurality of concave portions provided between the concavo-convex grooves, and a concave portion or a concave portion of the transplant main body base. And on the surface Means by detachment A large number of transplantation plate provided through the basin, and an expansion base of the seaweed basin, an expansion body base provided with an uneven groove and a plurality of recesses, and a recess of the expansion body base or On the recess and on the surface Means by detachment It is the seaweed bed using the expansion base characterized by having comprised with the ridge corner part provided through this, and the growth setting plate provided with the groove part.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In principle, the transplantation plate of the present invention has a monolithic structure. The structure is formed by combining and integrating aggregates such as crushed stones such as limestone and other stones, natural and artificial aggregates, or other aggregates on a mortar basis. As an example, the particle size of crushed stone is about 5 to 10 mm. There is no limitation on the shape, physical properties, qualities, etc. of the aggregate as long as it is a structure in which irregularities, preferably fine irregularities (textured irregularities) are provided on the surface of the transplantation plate. An example of the mixing ratio is 79% by weight of crushed stone with respect to 21% by weight of cement. The transplantation plate should be rectangular and provided with fasteners if necessary. In addition, the surface of the transplantation plate may be made into a satin-like shape, irregularities, fine holes, etc. by washing out.
[0016]
In addition, the transplant main body base of the present invention shows an overall structure that has a short leg table shape with four legs (provided if necessary), and has one or several recesses in a grid shape. The concrete density is changed in consideration of the sea condition (effect on water depth, waves, etc.), but usually 1.8 t / m to 3.0 t / m is adopted. As in this example, in an example of the mixing ratio of the concrete density 2.3 t / m, the aggregate is 87% by weight and the cement is 13% by weight. A transplantation plate is detachably provided in the recess of the transplant base. The transplantation plate for transplantation is generally considered to be a transplant base for caulking and a transplant base for arame. An example will be described below.
[0017]
The example of the grafting plate for transplantation shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is rectangular. The standard dimensions of this transplantation plate are 250 mm × 250 mm × 50 mm. The surface should be washed out. The body base for transplantation is a short leg table. Its standard dimensions are 2000 mm × 1500 mm × 600 mm. By providing one or several equilateral mountain-shaped concavo-convex grooves leaving a flat surface on the surface, the seedlings (larvae) or seedlings that have been seeded and provided between the recesses are improved. In addition, an artificial turf that is useful as part of the means for preventing damage to the body for transplanting and an iron plate that is useful for diffusing iron into the seaweed beds and for attaching the artificial turf are provided. This artificial turf is a snail that protects against snails and sea urchins in mollusks (conch shells, sea urchins, etc.), and has a concave groove on the peripheral surface of the transplant body base to absorb and transplant. In addition, efforts are made to prevent eating damage by reducing the difficulty of viscosity or reducing viscosity.
[0018]
This transplant main body base is installed in the sea, and a transplantation plate with a young bud attached to one or several recesses provided on the flat surface of the transplant main body base is fitted, attached, etc. This recess is completely fitted with the transplantation plate. The aquatic organisms / animals can be prevented from entering the recess, and the transplantable attachment plate can be easily attached and detached. The transplant base is lifted by a heavy machine such as a crane and then submerged in the sea. For example, in a state where it is submerged on the seabed of 5 to 20 m, all of the concave portions of the transplant base are closed, thereby preventing the settled animals from entering the concave portions. The transplantation plate has the characteristics that it can be easily and quickly installed or removed in the sea, and it can be easily and easily replaced when it is necessary to replace it in the event of food damage, seedling change, or loss due to loss. It can be replaced smoothly. In addition, in order to release spores in multiple directions, the transplantation plate is provided on the concave portion and the surface (flat surface) of the transplantation body base through means such as attachment / detachment, replacement, and rotation. You can also.
[0019]
5 to 8, an example of an arame transplantation-growth plate having a square shape is a square shape, and the standard dimensions and form are the same as those for the above-described caulking. The body base for transplantation is a short leg table, and the standard dimensions are 1600 mm × 900 mm × 450 mm. The surface is provided with undulations with a chisel pattern to allow seeded seeds or algae to grow, and on the same surface, one or several equilateral mountain-shaped concavo-convex grooves are provided between the recesses described later to improve the formation. Plan. Artificial turf, which is useful as part of the prevention of food damage, and iron diffusion, etc., conform to the above-mentioned caulking. Other structures follow the above-described transplantation plate.
[0020]
Next, the expansion plate of the present invention has a monolithic structure, and crushed stones such as limestone and other stones, natural and artificial aggregates, or other aggregates such as aggregates on a mortar basis. Combined and molded. As an example, the particle size of crushed stone is about 5 to 10 mm. At least two ridges (two strips) are provided on the surface of the expansion plate. By providing this ridge, it is possible to generate ocean currents or vortices (occurrence of artificial upwelling, indicated by arrows in FIGS. 12 and 17), for example, to improve spore formation or accelerate flow velocity This is useful for eliminating foreign substances that accumulate or remain on the expansion plate. In other words, transplantation of spores, gametophytes, germinated bodies, etc. and elimination of the spores, gametophytes, etc., to ensure reliable growth, for example, confirmation of the survival of the vine larvae at multi-directional ridges Has been. Note that the groove portion of the enlargement plate and the step formed in the region between the enlargement plate and the enlargement main body base surface are used as a drop-in space when foreign objects are removed, thereby expanding the enlargement body. This is useful for removing foreign substances accumulated or remaining on the base and / or the expansion plate. And, as described above, the groove and the ridge with the step are effective for the generation of ocean currents or vortices and the removal of foreign substances, and thus have a positive effect on the growth and growth of spores, gametophytes, etc. Yes. This result can be expected to be effective for arame and caulking.
[0021]
In addition, the main body base for enlargement of the present invention shows an overall structure that has a short leg table shape with four legs, and has one or several recesses in a grid shape. The other structure conforms to the above-described transplantation plate.
[0022]
The example expansion caulking plate for caulking shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 has a rectangular shape. The standard size of the expansion plate is in accordance with the transplantation plate. The main body base for enlargement is a short leg table. The standard dimensions and other configurations are in accordance with the transplant body base. In addition, the expansion plate is provided with a groove portion at substantially the center, and a ridge corner portion, a ridge corner portion of a shoulder portion, or an expansion formation plate and the expansion main body base are provided between the groove portion and the surface. In this configuration, a step formed in a region with the surface is provided. The roles of the ridges, grooves, and steps are as described above.
[0023]
The example expansion plate for enlargement shown in FIG. 14 to FIG. 18 has a square shape, and the standard dimensions and form are the same as those for the above-described caulking. The main body base for enlargement is a short leg table. Its standard dimensions and other configurations are in accordance with the main body for enlargement. The enlargement setting plate is provided with a groove portion at substantially the center, forming large and small peak portions on both sides of the groove portion, and forming a ridge corner portion on the peak portion. And a level | step difference is formed in the area | region of the expansion board and the main body base surface for expansion. Therefore, a large number of ridge corners can be formed to expand the above-described effect, and the roles of the groove and the step are as described above.
[0024]
As described above, according to the present invention, the transplantation / enlargement epidemic plate is provided in the recess of the transplantation / enlargement main body base through means such as attachment / detachment, replacement, and rotation. Therefore, facilitating work in the sea and promoting underwater exchange for seedlings, being able to demonstrate the function as a seaweed basin (underwater forest), easy setup on land, improving safety, etc., or In case of loss due to loss, eating damage, burnt burn, etc. of the transplantation / expansion dressing plate, and other damage, etc., this transplantation / expansion dressing plate etc. can be replaced easily and smoothly, which is very useful, There are real benefits such as. Furthermore, as described above, the expansion plate has various effects. In addition, it is set as the structure which can be attached, rotated, moved, etc. via means, such as attachment / detachment, replacement | exchange, and rotation, to the recessed part of the main body for expansion. The outer shape (planar shape) of the concave portion may be any of a square shape, a polygonal shape, and a circular shape, and the bottom shape of the expansion plate is also formed. When this recessed part is circular, an epidemic board can be rotated and the position of the ridge corner part of the epidemic epidemic board can be adjusted in the direction of 360 degrees. At this time, there are illustrated examples of methods for fitting the expansion plate, for example, without changing the installation location and / or position of the expansion base, and the like (within the surface) ), There are a configuration in which the ridge corners are aligned and fitted in one direction, and a configuration in which the ridge corners are similarly fitted at random. The reason for this random fitting to be a multi-directional ridge is to consider various conditions such as underwater tides, foreign matter accumulation, or spore type, diffusion status, turbulence / vortex generation, etc. The best way is to adopt each direction. In this way, there is a feature that is useful for reliable and efficient spore survival and generation of a submarine forest by adapting each direction of the ridge corner portion to various conditions of ocean currents and / or subsea positions. And the change of the ridge corner part and groove part or level | step difference of the expansion board for an expansion | swelling will become further various effects, if the change of the position of the main body for expansion, etc. is added.
[0025]
【Example】
In the following, the transplantation growth plates 1 and 11 and the expansion growth plates 21 and 31 will be described separately.
[0026]
An example of the caulking transplantation plate 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and the lamet transplantation plate 11 shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 will be described. The transplantation plates 1 and 11 have a square shape (an example is also possible, such as a polygonal shape), and the planar shapes of the recesses 3 and 13 provided on the surfaces 2a and 12a of the main body bases 2 and 12 for transplantation are square. The shape is not limited to a polygon but can be a circle. If it is circular, it will become the structure which can make the said growth plate 1 and 11 for a rotation 360 degrees (movement or rotation). The shape of the bottom part of the transplantation plates 1 and 11 is a shape corresponding to the planar shape of the recess so as to be fitted. A large number of concave and convex grooves 4 and 14 are formed on the surfaces 2 a and 12 a of the body bases 2 and 12 for transplantation. Further, the recesses 3 and 13 are formed on the flat surfaces 5 and 15 formed on the surfaces 2a and 12a of the transplant body bases 2 and 12, so that the shape and function of the concave and convex grooves 4 and 14 are not broken. Ensuring the function of the transplantation plates 1 and 11 or ensuring the stability of the overall shape. In the figure, 6 and 16 are legs of the transplant body bases 2 and 12, 7 and 17 are recessed grooves of the transplant body bases 2 and 12, 8, 18 are iron plates provided on the transplant body bases 2 and 12, and 9 and 19 are Artificial turf provided on the body bases 2 and 12 for transplantation are shown. In addition, a double structure is also possible like the grafting plate 11 for transplantation of arame, a configuration in which a part of the grafting plate 11 is projected from the surface 12a, or the concave portion and the surface 12a are flush with each other. There is a configuration example.
[0027]
Next, an example of the expansion plate 21 for caulking shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 (A), (B) and FIG. 13, and the arame shown in FIGS. 14 to 17 (A), (B) and FIG. The expansion plate 31 for enlargement will be described. The expansion plates 21 and 31 have a rectangular shape (an example is a polygonal shape and the like), and a large number of the expansion plates 21 and 31 are provided in a depressed form from the surfaces 22a and 32a of the expansion body bases 22 and 32. It fits in recesses 23 and 33, such as a square shape, respectively. A large number of concave and convex grooves 24 and 34 are formed on the surfaces 22a and 32a of the main body bases 22 and 32 for enlargement. The recesses 23 and 33 are formed on the flat surfaces 25 and 35 formed on the surfaces 22a and 32a of the main body bases 22 and 32 for enlargement, so that the shapes and functions of the concave and convex grooves 24 and 34 are not broken. Ensuring the function of the enlarging plates 21, 31 or ensuring the stability of the overall shape. In the figure, 26 and 36 are legs of the main body bases 22 and 32 for enlargement, 27 and 37 are concave grooves of the main body bases 22 and 32 for enlargement, 28 and 38 are iron plates provided on the main body bases 22 and 32 for transplantation, and 29 and 39 are The artificial turf provided in the main body bases 22 and 32 for expansion is shown, respectively. A double structure is also possible like the expansion plate 31 for arame, and a structure in which a part of the expansion plate 31 protrudes from the surface 32a, or the concave portion and the surface 32a are flush with each other. There is a configuration example. In the figure, reference numerals 21a and 31a denote the surfaces of the enlargement plates 21 and 31, respectively. The planar shape of the recesses 23 and 33 provided on the surfaces 22a and 32a is not limited to a square or a polygon, but may be a circle. In the case of a circle, the enlargement plates 21 and 31 can be rotated (moved or rotated) by 360 °. By utilizing this rotation, the direction of the ridge corner (described later) of the enlargement setting plate 21 can be rotated 360 °, and the energization can be expanded. In addition, there is a feature that the degree of freedom of the ridge corner portion (described later) is high with respect to the enlargement setting plates 21 and 31 having the configuration in which the concave portions 23 and 33 such as the square shape are employed. In addition, the shape of the bottom part of the expansion | swelling board 21 for expansion is made into the shape corresponding to the planar shape of the recessed parts 23 and 33 so that it may fit. FIGS. 12 (b) and 17 (b) show examples in which the shapes of the bottoms 21 b and 31 b of the enlargement plates 21 and 31 are conical shapes corresponding to the planar circular recesses 23 and 33.
[0028]
The enlarging plate 21 is provided with a groove portion 210 substantially at the center, and between the groove portion 210 and the surface 21a (a connecting portion between the groove portion 210 and the surface 21a), and a ridge angle portion 211 that is in a facing relationship. The ridge angle portion 211-1 of the shoulder portion 21 a-1 is formed. In addition, the enlargement plate 31 is provided with a groove portion 310 substantially at the center, and large and small peak portions 311 and 312 are formed on both sides of the groove portion 310, and ridge corner portions 313 and 314 are formed on the peak portions 311 and 312. . Then, ridge corner portions 313 and 314 are formed on all the mountain portions 311 and 312. In the figure, reference numerals 212 and 315 denote mounting holes, into which fasteners (not shown) are inserted. Further, although not shown, each of the expansion plates 21 and 31 can be used as each of the transplantation plates 1 and 11. Note that the ridge angle portion 211 and the ridge angle portion 211-1 are not limited to a straight line as shown in the figure, and for example, a curved line, a wavy line, and the like are possible. Thus, it is possible to secure the directionality of 1 and simplify the operation through omission of rotation and the like.
[0029]
Further, the enlarging plate is attached not only to the recesses 23 and 33 of the enlarging body bases 22 and 32 but also to the surfaces (flat surfaces) of the enlarging body bases 22 and 32 through means such as attachment / detachment, replacement, and rotation. The expansion main body bases 22 and 32 can be effectively used. Steps 2100 and 3100 are formed in a region formed by the surfaces 22a and 32a of the main body bases 22 and 32 for expansion and the rising wall surfaces of the large number of growth plates 21 and 31, and these steps 2100 and 3100 are formed as foreign objects. Use as a drop-in space. Further, the concave and convex grooves 24 and 34 and / or peripheral corners of the main body bases 22 and 32 for enlargement can receive the released spores and function as an attachment part.
[0030]
FIG. 19 shows the transplant base A in which the transplant base plates 2 and 12 are provided with the transplant base plates 1 and 11, and the expansion base plates 22 and 32 are provided with the expansion base plates 21 and 31, respectively. An example of a combination with the expansion base B is shown. An example of the experimental result in this example will be described. Underwater forest experiments were conducted by setting 40 expansion bases B in four directions and 100 transplant bases A (existing bases). In this example, the expansion base B is set in four directions from the transplant base A, which is the core, and the culture is in the direction of the aquaculture culm that is close to the west with a high flow direction. The generation results were obtained. In addition, the direction 30 ° west from the south is the bay entrance direction, and the direction is the B direction. The direction 30 ° east from true north is the bay depth direction, and the c direction. Furthermore, the direction 30 ° south from the east is the shore direction, and the second direction. The topography is mostly sandy seabed. In a part of this expanded base B (the tip in the direction D) and the transplant base A, there are many rocks in the sand and it is a rocky place. In addition, after examining the experiments so far, using a confirmation box (not shown), a transplantation test is performed from transplant base A to 120m point in the west direction where flow direction is frequent, and the occurrence of juveniles up to 100m point. Was confirmed. As the distance from the zoospore generation area increases, the zoospore spreads and the juvenile incidence decreases, but the result is that the appearance density is relatively high within 100 m. The supply source of zoospores is not simple because it can be not only the transplant base A but also the expansion base B, but the flow direction frequency and the number of juveniles according to the past survey results were almost the same.
[0031]
FIG. 20 shows the expansion base B used in the experiment of FIG. 19, and this expansion base B includes the expansion plates 21 and 31 for expansion shown in FIG. 21 provided on the main body bases 22 and 32 for expansion, and flat expansion. The example which provided the setting plate X for uneven | corrugated, and the setting plate Y for uneven | corrugated expansion is shown, and the spore active state and / or the number of juveniles are shown as Tables 1 and 2. The symbols 1 and 2 shown in Tables 1 and 2 are the flat expansion plate X, the symbol 2 is the uneven expansion plate Y, the symbol 3 is the expansion plate 21, and the symbol 4 is expanded. Fig. 1 shows an application plate 31, in which the vertical direction substantially intersects the spore discharge direction, and the parallel direction indicates the same direction as the spore discharge direction. The direction of the expansion base B and the number of active spores and the like are shown, and in this experimental example, it was found that the direction of the culture rod was good and that the expansion plates 21 and 31 of the present invention were excellent. Graphs 1 and 2 correspond to Tables 1 and 2. Further, the average value is shown in Graph 3. In this experimental example, as shown in Graphs 1 and 2 and Tables 1 and 2, the number of spores and juveniles that had been entrapped in the above-mentioned direction B could be confirmed, and good results were found. In summary, the frequency of the flow direction of the ocean current, the situation in which the expansion plates 21 and 31 are randomly installed in the recesses 23 and 33 of the main body bases 22 and 32 described above, and the ridges 211 and 211 − 1 or the like, or the overall characteristics such as the step 2100 are considered to be influencing.
[0032]
Table 1
Figure 0004839472
[0033]
Table 2
Figure 0004839472
[0034]
Graph 1
Figure 0004839472
[0035]
Graph 2
Figure 0004839472
[0036]
Graph 3
Figure 0004839472
[0037]
FIG. 22 shows an example in which the enlargement plates 21 and 31 are randomly attached to the enlargement body bases 22 and 32 to form ridge corners in each direction. FIG. 23 shows an example in which the transplant base A is a natural seaweed bed (natural community). In the figure, 40 indicates the sea surface, 41 indicates the land, and 42 indicates the sea bottom. C represents a spore.
[0038]
Further, in the above description, as an example, the magnifying expansion plate 21 for caulking and the magnifying expansion plate 31 for arame are distinguished and described, but they can be used together. In addition, for example, it can of course be used in the same manner for other reef algae such as brown algae and seaweeds.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
The invention of claim 1 includes a main body for enlargement and a main body base for enlargement. Means by detachment An expansion base composed of a large number of expansion plates having ridges and grooves provided through the expansion base, and the expansion base is disposed at a place where spores released from the transplant base can be received The direction of the concave portions of the main body for expansion or the ridge corners of the large number of expansion plates provided on the surface of the main body for expansion Means by detachment The aquatic can be individually changed via a groove, and can be configured to allow foreign matter to drop into the grooves of the expansion plate and the step formed in the region formed by the expansion main body base and each expansion plate. It is an expansion base for biological breeding.
[0040]
Therefore, the following effects are obtained.
[0041]
(1) The spore released from the transplant base can be formed by using a multidirectional change in the direction of the ridge corner of the enlargement epithelial plate to form a ridge corner that accepts the spore and is easy to settle. When foreign matters such as sand and stones are present on the surface of the base and / or the enlargement setting plate and / or the main body for enlargement, in order to remove the foreign matters from the ridges, for example, the foreign matters are removed from the grooves and / or Or, it can fall into a step or the like to receive spores.
[0042]
(2) The ridges and grooves are used to disturb the water flow (turbulent flow) or the movement of seawater such as vortices (vortex flow) to promote spore engraftment and to eliminate foreign substances. In addition, it is possible to effectively cope with phenomena such as scallop burning, breakage, etc. by replacing the expansion plate and / or changing the direction.
[0043]
The invention according to claim 2 is provided on the concave portion or the concave portion and the surface of the main body for enlargement. Means by detachment An expansion plate for aquatic organisms with a configuration in which a substantially trapezoidal groove portion is provided in front of the expansion plate provided through the groove, and a ridge angle portion is provided between the groove portion and the surface and between the shoulder portions. Is the foundation.
[0044]
Therefore, the following effects are obtained.
[0045]
(3) It is possible to form ridge corners where spores can be easily settled, or when foreign substances such as sand, stones, etc. are present on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion plate, these foreign substances can be easily removed from the ridge corners. And so on.
[0046]
The invention according to claim 3 is provided on the surface of the main body base for enlargement. Means by detachment The enlarging plate provided via the front surface is provided with a substantially trapezoidal groove when viewed from the front, large and small peaks are formed on both sides of the groove, and ridge corners are provided on both sides of the peak. It is an expansion base for aquatic life.
[0047]
Therefore, the following effects are obtained.
[0048]
(4) It is possible to form a ridge corner where spores can be easily activated, or when a foreign substance such as sand or stone is present on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion plate, this foreign substance can be easily removed from the ridge corner. And so on.
[0049]
The invention of claim 4 is an algae bed composed of a transplant base and an enlarged base arranged in a place where spores released from the transplant base can be received, and the transplant base of the algae base is seeded on the surface. Transplanted body base formed by each concave and convex groove and concave part for the purpose of seedling seed yarn or algae, and the concave part or concave part and surface of the transplanted main body base Means by detachment And an enlarging base of the seaweed bed, a main body for enlargement having an uneven groove and a plurality of recesses, and a recess or a recess of the main body for enlargement and the surface In Means by detachment It is the seaweed bed using the expansion board | substrate characterized by having comprised with the ridge corner part provided through this, and the growth setting plate provided with the groove part.
[0050]
Therefore, the following effects are obtained.
[0051]
(5) The spores released from the transplant base installed in the sand basin (the seabed without natural algae basins) are changed in the direction of the expansion plate, receive the spores, and the spores are easy to settle. In order to remove a foreign object such as sand or stone from the ridge corner part when the ridge corner part can be formed, or when a foreign substance such as sand or stone exists on the surface of the expansion base and / or the expansion plate installed in the sandbox, for example, For example, foreign substances can be dropped into grooves, steps, etc., and spores can be received.
[0052]
(6) Furthermore, spore survival can be promoted by utilizing turbulent ridges and grooves in multiple directions and utilizing seawater turbulence or seawater movement such as vortices.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an implant base for caulking.
FIG. 2 is a plan view in which a part of a transfer base for caulking is missing.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a transplant base for caulking.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a body base for transplantation for caulking and a transplantation plate for transplantation.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an implantation platform for Alame.
FIG. 6 is a plan view in which a part of the transfer platform for alame is missing.
FIG. 7 is a front view of an implant base for Alame.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the main body base for transplantation for Alame and the transplantation plate for transplantation.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an expansion base for caulking.
FIG. 10 is a plan view in which a part of an expansion base for caulking is omitted.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of an expansion setting plate for caulking.
12A is an enlarged front view of an example of a caulking expansion plate, and FIG. 12B is an enlarged front view of another example of a caulking expansion plate.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged plan view of an enlargement plate for caulking.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an expansion base for Alame.
FIG. 15 is a plan view in which a part of the expansion base for Alame is omitted.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of an enlargement plate for arame.
FIG. 17A is an enlarged front view of an example of an expansion plate for arame, and FIG. 17B is an enlarged front view of another example of an expansion plate for arame.
FIG. 18 is an enlarged plan view of an expansion plate for arame.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an experiment of a transfer base and an expansion base.
20 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing the enlarged base of FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is an enlarged schematic view showing an example of each enlargement plate used for the enlargement base of FIG. 19;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the enlarged substrate or another example, in which (1) and (1 ′) are for caulking, and (2) and (2 ′) are for alame.
FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing another example of a transfer base and an enlarged base.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Transplantation plate
2 Body base for transplantation
2a Surface
3 recess
4 Uneven groove
5 flat surface
6 legs
7 groove
8 Iron plate
9 Artificial grass
11 Transplantation plate
12 Body base for transplant
12a surface
13 recess
14 Uneven groove
15 Flat surface
16 legs
17 Groove
18 Iron plate
19 Artificial grass
21 Expansion plate
21a Surface
21a-1 shoulder
21b Bottom
210 Groove
2100 steps
211 ridge corner
211-1 ridge corner
212 holes
22 Main body base for enlargement
22a Surface
23 recess
24 Uneven groove
25 flat surface
26 legs
27 Groove
28 Iron plate
29 Artificial grass
31 Expansion plate
31a surface
31b bottom
310 Groove
3100 steps
311 Yamabe
312 Yamabe
313 Corner
314 Corner
315 hole
32 Main body base for enlargement
32a surface
33 recess
34 Uneven groove
35 flat surface
36 legs
37 Groove
38 Iron plate
39 Artificial grass
40 sea level
41 Land
42 Seabed
A transplant base
B Expansion base
C spores
X Flat expansion plate
Y Unevenness expansion plate

Claims (4)

複数個の凹部を備えた拡大用本体ベースと、この拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた多数の拡大用着生板とで構成する拡大基盤であって、この拡大基盤を、人工藻場、又は自然藻場等の移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置し、前記多数の拡大用着生板の稜角部の向きを、当該多数の拡大用着生板の着脱による手段を介して変更可能に設け、また当該各拡大用着生板の溝部、及び前記拡大用本体ベースと前記多数の拡大用着生板とで形成した領域の段差に砂、石等の異物を落し込み可能とする構成とした水生生物育成用の拡大基盤。A plurality of enlargement plate including a main body for enlargement provided with a plurality of recesses, a recess or a recess of the main body base for enlargement, a ridge corner provided on the surface by means of attachment and detachment , and a groove; The expansion base is configured in a place where the spores released from a transplant base such as an artificial algae field or a natural algae field can be received. The direction of the ridge corner is provided so as to be changeable by means of attaching and detaching the large number of expansion plates, and the groove portions of the expansion plates, the main body base for expansion, and the large number of expansion plates An expansion base for aquatic organisms that is configured to allow sand, stones and other foreign objects to drop into the steps formed by the raw plate. 上記の拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部と表面との間、及び肩部とに稜角部を設ける構成とした請求項1に記載の水生生物育成用の拡大基盤。The above-mentioned enlargement main body base is provided with a substantially trapezoidal groove when viewed from the front, on the recess or recess and on the surface of the expansion plate provided by attaching / detaching means , and between the groove and the surface, and on the shoulder The expansion base for aquatic organism cultivation according to claim 1, wherein a ridge angle portion is provided in the portion. 上記の拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた拡大用着生板に、正面視して略台形状の溝部を設け、また溝部の両側に大小の山部を形成し、この山部の両側に稜角部を設ける構成とした請求項1に記載の水生生物育成用の拡大基盤。The above-mentioned enlargement main body base is provided with a substantially trapezoidal groove in front view on the recess or on the surface of the enlargement through a detachable means on the surface, and large and small peaks on both sides of the groove. The expansion base for aquatic organism cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the base is formed and provided with ridge corners on both sides of the mountain. 移植基盤と、この移植基盤より放出される胞子を受止め可能な場所に配置した拡大基盤とで構成した藻場であって、この藻場の移植基盤を、表面に採苗した種糸又は藻の着生を図るための一条又は数条の凹凸溝、及びこの凹凸溝間に設けた複数個の凹部を備えた移植用本体ベースと、この移植用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けた多数の移植用着生板とで構成し、また藻場の拡大基盤を、凹凸溝、及び複数個の凹部を備えた拡大用本体ベースと、この拡大用本体ベースの凹部又は凹部と表面に着脱による手段を介して設けられる稜角部、及び溝部とを備えた拡大用着生板とで構成し、たことを特徴とした拡大基盤を利用した藻場。A seaweed bed composed of a transplant base and an enlarged base disposed in a place where spores released from the transplant base can be received, and the seed base or algae seeded on the surface of the transplant base of the algae base The main body for transplantation provided with one or several concave-convex grooves and a plurality of concave portions provided between the concave-convex grooves, and the concave or concave portions and the surface of the main body base for transplantation are attached and detached. A large number of transplantation setting plates provided through the means, and the expansion base of the seaweed bed is provided with an expansion body base having an uneven groove and a plurality of recesses, and a recess of the expansion body base Alternatively, a seaweed bed using an expansion base, characterized in that it is composed of a concave plate and a ridge corner provided on the surface through means by attachment and detachment , and a groove plate for expansion.
JP2001218859A 2001-07-18 2001-07-18 Expansion base for aquatic life and seaweed beds using this expansion base Expired - Fee Related JP4839472B2 (en)

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US4386973A (en) * 1981-05-08 1983-06-07 General Signal Corporation Vacuum carburizing steel
JPS62128754A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-06-11 株式会社クラレ Packaging material having excellent hot water resistance
JPS63151745A (en) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-24 フクビ化学工業株式会社 Method for tensioning ceiling sheet
JP2686134B2 (en) * 1989-03-29 1997-12-08 財団法人電力中央研究所 Subsea forest development base
JPH065734Y2 (en) * 1990-09-26 1994-02-16 義雄 伊藤 Aquatic culture block
JP2640926B2 (en) * 1995-02-15 1997-08-13 株式会社テトラ Propagation structure of useful seaweeds in submerged blocks
JP3199359B2 (en) * 1996-07-23 2001-08-20 中部電力株式会社 Artificial reef for aquatic life
JP3193704B2 (en) * 1999-05-07 2001-07-30 住友大阪セメント株式会社 Breeding member and detachable seaweed bed breeding reef equipped with the breeding member, and handling method of detachable seaweed bed breeding reef

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