JP4817531B2 - Liquid crystal composition - Google Patents

Liquid crystal composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4817531B2
JP4817531B2 JP2001150705A JP2001150705A JP4817531B2 JP 4817531 B2 JP4817531 B2 JP 4817531B2 JP 2001150705 A JP2001150705 A JP 2001150705A JP 2001150705 A JP2001150705 A JP 2001150705A JP 4817531 B2 JP4817531 B2 JP 4817531B2
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liquid crystal
embedded image
crystal composition
general formula
compound represented
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JP2002053860A (en
Inventor
俊博 柴田
真樹 川原
孝洋 大塚
裕克 科野
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Adeka Corp
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Adeka Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液晶表示素子に用いられる液晶組成物に関し、詳しくは特定の2環又は3環のフルオロベンゼン化合物と特定のアルキニルフルオロベンゼン化合物を含有してなり、低粘度でかつ高NI点を有する液晶組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
液晶表示素子は、時計、電卓、各種測定機器、自動車用パネル、ワープロ、電子手帳、プリンタ−、コンピュ−タ−、テレビ等に広く用いられている。これらの液晶表示素子は、液晶性化合物が有する光学異方性(Δn)や誘電率異方性(Δε)を利用するものであり、その表示方法として、動的散乱型(DS型)、ゲスト・ホスト型(GH型)、ねじれネマチック型(TN型)、超ねじれネマチック型(STN型)、薄膜トランジスター型(TFT型)及び強誘電性液晶(FLC)等が知られている。またその駆動方式として、スタティック駆動方式、時分割駆動方式、アクティブマトリックス駆動方式及び2周波駆動方式等が知られているが、その中でも表示性能が最も高いという利点から、TFT方式が特に注目されている。
【0003】
TFT方式用の液晶材料には種々の特性が要求されているが、
(1)ネマチック相の温度範囲が広いこと、
(2)粘性が低いこと、
(3)大きなΔεを持つこと、
の3点が共通した特性として必要とされている。上記特性のうち、(1)にはネマチック相上限温度が高いこと及び融点が低く低温領域においても結晶の析出等による相分離を生じにくいといったことが含まれる。また、(2)は液晶パネル中で配向した液晶分子の電場に対する応答速度を向上させるに際し極めて重要な要素であり(Phys.Lett.,39A,69(1972))、該応答速度を向上させることは液晶組成物の表示品位を高める上で現在最も求められているところである。その際、特に低温においても該表示品位の低下をもたらさないという観点から、上記応答速度の温度依存性、すなわち材料粘度の温度依存性が小さく、特に低温においても低粘性を維持し得ることが重要とされる。
【0004】
また、(3)が望まれる理由は以下の通りである。すなわち、消費電力の低減化や大画面化を実現するためには駆動電圧を下げることが必要である。駆動電圧、特にしきい値電圧(Vth)は、次式で示されるようにΔεの関数である。
【0005】
【数1】

Figure 0004817531
【0006】
この式からも明らかな通り、消費電力の低減化には、正に大きなΔεを示す化合物が必要である。なお、このVthに関しても、液晶組成物の表示品位を高く、かつ広い温度範囲で維持するためには、その温度依存性は特に低温下でも小さいことが望まれている。
【0007】
また、TFT用液晶組成物に用いられる液晶性化合物は、さらに水分、空気、熱及び光等の外的環境因子に対しても安定でなければならない。また、それらは個々の表示素子に要求される特性を発現するため、一般に数種ないし二十数種のものが混合して用いられる。そのため他の液晶化合物との相溶性が良好であること、特に最近では使用環境が広範囲にわたっていることから、低温相溶性も良好であることが要求されている。つまり、TFT用の液晶組成物には広い温度範囲下での使用を可能にするため、特に低温でネマチック相を有し、かつ結晶の析出又はスメクチック相の発現のないものが望まれている。そのため、これに用いる液晶性化合物には、他の液晶化合物に対し低温での相溶性に優れたものが特に望まれている。
【0008】
このような要請に応えるべく、現在までに種々TFT用液晶組成物が検討され、液晶化合物が数多く開発されている。例えば、特開平5−310618号公報、特公平1−38772号公報では、(ジ)フルオロベンゼン誘導体が開示されている。これらの液晶化合物は低粘度であるが、NI点が低い問題があった。また、特開平10−298120号公報では、アルキニルビシクロヘキシルフルオロベンゼン誘導体が開示されている。このアルキニル基を有する化合物は、高NI点であるものの、低温時において結晶が析出してしまう問題があり、TFT型液晶組成物として使用する際、充分な性能が得られていなかった。
【0009】
従って、本発明の目的は、薄膜トランジスター型(TFT型)液晶組成物として有用な高NI点でありながら、低粘度、低温下においても結晶の析出のない優れた液晶組成物を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、特定の構造を持つ2環又は3環のフルオロベンゼン化合物と特定のアルキニルフルオロベンゼン化合物を必須成分として含有する液晶組成物が、上記目的を達成し得ることを知見した。
【0011】
本発明は、上記知見に基づきなされたもので、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物及び下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を必須成分として含有し、全液晶組成物100重量部中、一般式(1)で表される化合物の含有量が10〜95重量部であり、一般式(2)で表される化合物の含有量が5〜80重量部である液晶組成物を提供するものである。
【化3】
Figure 0004817531
【化4】
Figure 0004817531
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の液晶組成物について詳述する。
【0013】
本発明の必須の液晶化合物である上記一般式(1)及び(2)において、式中のR1 及びR2 で示す炭素数1〜10の直鎖のアルキル基としては、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、ノニル、デシル等の直鎖のアルキル基が挙げられ、特に炭素数が1〜7の直鎖のアルキル基が好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の上記一般式(1)として表される化合物の具体例としては、下記の各化合物等が挙げられるが、これらの化合物に限定されるものではない。尚、下記の化合物のうち、〔化5〕〜〔化7〕及び〔化13〕〜〔化20〕に示す化合物が上記一般式(1)で表される化合物の具体例であり、〔化8〕〜〔化12〕及び〔化21〕〜〔化29〕に示す化合物は参考化合物である。
【0015】
【化5】
Figure 0004817531
【0016】
【化6】
Figure 0004817531
【0017】
【化7】
Figure 0004817531
【0018】
【化8】
Figure 0004817531
【0019】
【化9】
Figure 0004817531
【0020】
【化10】
Figure 0004817531
【0021】
【化11】
Figure 0004817531
【0022】
【化12】
Figure 0004817531
【0023】
【化13】
Figure 0004817531
【0024】
【化14】
Figure 0004817531
【0025】
【化15】
Figure 0004817531
【0026】
【化16】
Figure 0004817531
【0027】
【化17】
Figure 0004817531
【0028】
【化18】
Figure 0004817531
【0029】
【化19】
Figure 0004817531
【0030】
【化20】
Figure 0004817531
【0031】
【化21】
Figure 0004817531
【0032】
【化22】
Figure 0004817531
【0033】
【化23】
Figure 0004817531
【0034】
【化24】
Figure 0004817531
【0035】
【化25】
Figure 0004817531
【0036】
【化26】
Figure 0004817531
【0037】
【化27】
Figure 0004817531
【0038】
【化28】
Figure 0004817531
【0039】
【化29】
Figure 0004817531
【0040】
また、本発明の上記一般式(2)として表される化合物の具体例としては、下記の各化合物等が挙げられるが、これらの化合物に限定されるものではない。尚、下記の化合物のうち、〔化30〕〜〔化38〕に示す化合物が上記一般式(2)で表される化合物の具体例であり、〔化39〕に示す化合物は参考化合物である。
【0041】
【化30】
Figure 0004817531
【0042】
【化31】
Figure 0004817531
【0043】
【化32】
Figure 0004817531
【0044】
【化33】
Figure 0004817531
【0045】
【化34】
Figure 0004817531
【0046】
【化35】
Figure 0004817531
【0047】
【化36】
Figure 0004817531
【0048】
【化37】
Figure 0004817531
【0049】
【化38】
Figure 0004817531
【0050】
【化39】
Figure 0004817531
【0051】
本発明の液晶組成物は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物及び上記一般式(2)で表される化合物を必須の成分とし、その他の成分として従来既知の液晶化合物もしくは液晶類似化合物、又はそれらの混合物(母液晶)を配合することによって得られるものであり、該母液晶としては、例えば、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
【0052】
【化40】
Figure 0004817531
【0053】
従って、上記一般式(3)で表される化合物の具体例としては、下記の各化合物等が挙げられる。尚、各化合物におけるY、Y1 、Y2 及びY3 は、上記一般式(3)におけるものと同じ意味である。
【0054】
【化41】
Figure 0004817531
【0055】
本発明の必須の液晶化合物を本発明の液晶組成物に配合して用いる場合、本発明の必須の液晶化合物の含有量は、全液晶組成物100重量部中、上記一般式(1)で示される化合物が10〜95重量部、上記一般式(2)で示される化合物が5〜80重量部をそれぞれ含有させる。また一般式(1)と一般式(2)の配合比率は、1/99〜99/1の範囲である。
【0057】
【実施例】
以下、実施例をもって本発明を更に詳細に説明する。しかしながら、本発明は以下の実施例によって制限を受けるものではない。なお、下記配合1〜配合6における数値は、重量部基準である。
【0058】
〔実施例1〜5〕
下記液晶化合物を配合1〜5の通り配合して実施例1〜5の液晶組成物とした。
【0059】
【化42】
Figure 0004817531
【0060】
【化43】
Figure 0004817531
【0061】
【化44】
Figure 0004817531
【0062】
【化45】
Figure 0004817531
【0063】
【化46】
Figure 0004817531
【0064】
〔比較例1〕
比較として上記実施例1における組成のうち、一般式(1)で表される化合物を除いた配合6を示す。
【0065】
【化47】
Figure 0004817531
【0066】
上記実施例1〜5(配合1〜5)及び比較例1(配合6)の液晶組成物の物性の測定結果を表1に示す。
【0067】
【表1】
Figure 0004817531
【0068】
表1の結果より、比較例1の液晶組成物は、高NI点、低粘度、大きいΔεを示すものの、低温保存性に関しては結晶が析出してしまうことが確認できた。これに対して、実施例1〜5の液晶組成物は、高NI点、低粘度、大きいΔεを維持しつつ、さらに低温保存性にも優れることが確認できた。
【0069】
【発明の効果】
本発明の液晶組成物は、高NI点で、低粘度でΔεが大きく、低温保存性にも優れるTFT型液晶として優れた液晶組成物である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition used for a liquid crystal display device, and more specifically, contains a specific bicyclic or tricyclic fluorobenzene compound and a specific alkynylfluorobenzene compound, and has a low viscosity and a high NI point. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition.
[0002]
[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Liquid crystal display elements are widely used in watches, calculators, various measuring instruments, automotive panels, word processors, electronic notebooks, printers, computers, televisions, and the like. These liquid crystal display elements utilize the optical anisotropy (Δn) and dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of liquid crystal compounds, and display methods include dynamic scattering type (DS type), guest A host type (GH type), a twisted nematic type (TN type), a super twisted nematic type (STN type), a thin film transistor type (TFT type), a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), and the like are known. As the driving method, a static driving method, a time-division driving method, an active matrix driving method, a two-frequency driving method, and the like are known. Among them, the TFT method is particularly attracting attention because of the advantage of the highest display performance. Yes.
[0003]
Various characteristics are required for liquid crystal materials for TFT systems.
(1) The temperature range of the nematic phase is wide.
(2) low viscosity,
(3) having a large Δε,
These three points are required as common characteristics. Among the above characteristics, (1) includes that the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is high and that the melting point is low and phase separation due to crystal precipitation is difficult to occur even in a low temperature region. Further, (2) is an extremely important factor in improving the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules aligned in the liquid crystal panel to the electric field (Phys. Lett., 39A, 69 (1972)), and improving the response speed. Is the most demanded at present in order to improve the display quality of the liquid crystal composition. At that time, from the viewpoint that the display quality is not lowered even at a low temperature, it is important that the temperature dependence of the response speed, that is, the temperature dependence of the material viscosity is small, and that the low viscosity can be maintained even at a low temperature. It is said.
[0004]
The reason why (3) is desired is as follows. That is, it is necessary to lower the driving voltage in order to reduce power consumption and increase the screen size. The drive voltage, particularly the threshold voltage (Vth), is a function of Δε as shown by the following equation.
[0005]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004817531
[0006]
As is clear from this equation, a compound exhibiting a large Δε is necessary for reducing the power consumption. With respect to Vth as well, in order to maintain the display quality of the liquid crystal composition and maintain it in a wide temperature range, it is desired that its temperature dependence be small even at low temperatures.
[0007]
In addition, the liquid crystalline compound used in the liquid crystal composition for TFT must be stable against external environmental factors such as moisture, air, heat and light. In addition, since they exhibit characteristics required for individual display elements, generally several to twenty or more kinds are used in combination. For this reason, compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds is good, and in particular, since the use environment is widespread recently, good compatibility with low temperature is required. That is, a liquid crystal composition for TFT is desired to have a nematic phase at a low temperature and no crystal precipitation or smectic phase in order to enable use under a wide temperature range. Therefore, a liquid crystal compound used for this is particularly desired to have excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds at a low temperature.
[0008]
In order to meet such demands, various liquid crystal compositions for TFTs have been studied and many liquid crystal compounds have been developed so far. For example, JP-A-5-310618 and JP-B-1-38772 disclose (di) fluorobenzene derivatives. These liquid crystal compounds have a low viscosity but a low NI point. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-298120 discloses an alkynylbicyclohexyl fluorobenzene derivative. Although the compound having an alkynyl group has a high NI point, there is a problem that crystals are precipitated at a low temperature, and sufficient performance has not been obtained when used as a TFT type liquid crystal composition.
[0009]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent liquid crystal composition having a high NI point which is useful as a thin film transistor type (TFT type) liquid crystal composition and having a low viscosity and no crystal precipitation even at a low temperature. is there.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that a liquid crystal composition containing, as essential components, a bicyclic or tricyclic fluorobenzene compound having a specific structure and a specific alkynylfluorobenzene compound can achieve the above object.
[0011]
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and contains as an essential component a compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2), and 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition A liquid crystal composition in which the content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is 10 to 95 parts by weight and the content of the compound represented by the general formula (2) is 5 to 80 parts by weight is provided. To do.
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004817531
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004817531
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
In the general formulas (1) and (2), which are essential liquid crystal compounds of the present invention, the linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 1 and R 2 in the formula includes ethyl, propyl, butyl , Pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and the like, and straight chain alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms are particularly preferable.
[0014]
Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention include the following compounds, but are not limited to these compounds. Of the following compounds, the compounds represented by [Chemical Formula 5] to [Chemical Formula 7] and [Chemical Formula 13] to [Chemical Formula 20] are specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1). The compounds shown in [8] to [Chemical 12] and [Chemical 21] to [Chemical 29] are reference compounds.
[0015]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0004817531
[0016]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0004817531
[0017]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0004817531
[0018]
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0004817531
[0019]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0004817531
[0020]
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0004817531
[0021]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0022]
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Figure 0004817531
[0023]
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Figure 0004817531
[0024]
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Figure 0004817531
[0025]
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Figure 0004817531
[0026]
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Figure 0004817531
[0027]
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Figure 0004817531
[0028]
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Figure 0004817531
[0029]
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Figure 0004817531
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0031]
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Figure 0004817531
[0032]
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Figure 0004817531
[0033]
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Figure 0004817531
[0034]
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Figure 0004817531
[0035]
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Figure 0004817531
[0036]
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Figure 0004817531
[0037]
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Figure 0004817531
[0038]
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Figure 0004817531
[0039]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0040]
Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) of the present invention include the following compounds, but are not limited to these compounds. Of the following compounds, the compounds represented by [Chemical Formula 30] to [Chemical Formula 38] are specific examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (2), and the compound represented by [Chemical Formula 39] is a reference compound. .
[0041]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0042]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0043]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0044]
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Figure 0004817531
[0045]
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Figure 0004817531
[0046]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0047]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0049]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0050]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0051]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the above general formula (1) and a compound represented by the above general formula (2) as essential components, and other conventionally known liquid crystal compounds or liquid crystal similar compounds as other components. Or a mixture thereof (base liquid crystal), and examples of the base liquid crystal include compounds represented by the following general formula (3) or a mixture thereof.
[0052]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0053]
Accordingly, specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (3) include the following compounds. In addition, Y, Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 in each compound have the same meaning as in the general formula (3).
[0054]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0055]
When the essential liquid crystal compound of the present invention is used by blending with the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the content of the essential liquid crystal compound of the present invention is the above general formula (1) in 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition. compound 1 0 to 95 parts by weight shown in a compound represented by the general formula (2) Ru is contained 5 to 80 parts by weight, respectively. Moreover, the compounding ratio of General formula (1) and General formula (2) is the range of 1 / 99-99 / 1.
[0057]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples. In addition, the numerical value in the following compounding 1-the compounding 6 is a weight part reference | standard.
[0058]
[Examples 1 to 5]
The following liquid crystal compounds were blended according to blends 1 to 5 to obtain liquid crystal compositions of Examples 1 to 5.
[0059]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0060]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0061]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0062]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0063]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0064]
[Comparative Example 1]
For comparison, among the compositions in Example 1 above, Formulation 6 excluding the compound represented by Formula (1) is shown.
[0065]
Embedded image
Figure 0004817531
[0066]
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the physical properties of the liquid crystal compositions of Examples 1 to 5 (Formulations 1 to 5) and Comparative Example 1 (Formulation 6).
[0067]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004817531
[0068]
From the results in Table 1, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal composition of Comparative Example 1 exhibited high NI point, low viscosity, and large Δε, but crystals were precipitated in terms of low temperature storage stability. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal compositions of Examples 1 to 5 were excellent in low-temperature storage stability while maintaining a high NI point, low viscosity, and large Δε.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is an excellent liquid crystal composition as a TFT type liquid crystal having a high NI point, a low viscosity, a large Δε, and excellent low-temperature storage stability.

Claims (1)

下記一般式(1)で表される化合物及び下記一般式(2)で表される化合物を必須成分として含有し、全液晶組成物100重量部中、一般式(1)で表される化合物の含有量が10〜95重量部であり、一般式(2)で表される化合物の含有量が5〜80重量部である液晶組成物。
Figure 0004817531
Figure 0004817531
The compound represented by the following general formula (1) and the compound represented by the following general formula (2) are contained as essential components, and the compound represented by the general formula (1) in 100 parts by weight of the total liquid crystal composition. A liquid crystal composition having a content of 10 to 95 parts by weight and a content of the compound represented by the general formula (2) of 5 to 80 parts by weight .
Figure 0004817531
Figure 0004817531
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