JP4816374B2 - Coagulation method of high water content sludge - Google Patents

Coagulation method of high water content sludge Download PDF

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JP4816374B2
JP4816374B2 JP2006264674A JP2006264674A JP4816374B2 JP 4816374 B2 JP4816374 B2 JP 4816374B2 JP 2006264674 A JP2006264674 A JP 2006264674A JP 2006264674 A JP2006264674 A JP 2006264674A JP 4816374 B2 JP4816374 B2 JP 4816374B2
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water content
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孝典 平尾
純 井上
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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本発明は、下水、し尿処理場や、建設現場などで発生する高含水性汚泥のアニオン性エマルジョンポリマを用いた凝集方法に係り、特に、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの添加量と溶解状態を制御し、ついで無機凝集剤を添加することにより、高含水性汚泥を容易に、安定かつ効率的に凝集処理を行う凝集方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a flocculation method using an anionic emulsion polymer of high water content sludge generated at a sewage, human waste treatment plant, construction site, etc., and in particular, controlling the addition amount and dissolution state of an anionic emulsion polymer, Next, the present invention relates to a flocculation method in which an inorganic flocculant is added to easily and stably flocculate highly hydrous sludge.

下水、し尿処理場や、建設現場などでは、固形物濃度が15重量%以下の高含水性汚泥(以下、単に「汚泥」と言うことがある。)が毎日大量に発生している。これらの汚泥は、通常凝集処理され、さらに減容化するために脱水処理される。   In sewage, human waste treatment plants, construction sites, and the like, a large amount of highly water-containing sludge (hereinafter, simply referred to as “sludge”) having a solid concentration of 15% by weight or less is generated daily. These sludges are usually agglomerated and dehydrated to further reduce the volume.

特許第3723625号には、高含水浚渫汚泥に、ノニオン系又はアニオン系高分子凝集剤と、無機凝集剤又はカチオン系凝集剤を加えてフロックを作り、しかるのちに自然脱水又は機械脱水で水を抜く処理法において、はじめにノニオン系又はアニオン系の高分子凝集剤を加え、次に無機凝集剤の代わりにセメント等の固化材を加え、さらに必要に応じ無機凝集剤又はカチオン系凝集剤を加え、固化材粒子を包含するフロックを形成させる方法が記載されている。   In Japanese Patent No. 3723625, a non-flour or anionic polymer flocculant and an inorganic flocculant or a cationic flocculant are added to a high water content sludge to form a flock, and then water is removed by natural or mechanical dehydration. In the treatment method to be removed, first, a nonionic or anionic polymer flocculant is added, then a solidifying material such as cement is added instead of an inorganic flocculant, and an inorganic flocculant or a cationic flocculant is further added as necessary. A method for forming flocs containing solidifying material particles is described.

又、特開平7−1000号には、軟弱土を廃棄、運搬可能な強度・形態とするために、軟弱土にアニオン性の親水性ポリマを添加混合後、水溶性多価金属を添加、混合し、その後脱水処理して強度が改良された土を得る方法が記載されている。   In addition, in JP-A-7-1000, an anionic hydrophilic polymer is added to and mixed with a soft soil, and then a water-soluble polyvalent metal is added and mixed in order to make the soft soil abandonable and transportable strength and form. And then a method of dehydrating to obtain soil with improved strength.

さらに特開平6−134500号には、汚泥類に高分子物質類を添加して溶解することにより、汚泥類中の懸濁物質をフロック状態にし、次いで無機凝集剤を添加して固液分離が容易な凝集物を得る汚泥類の処理方法が記載されている。
特許第3723625号公報 特開平7−1000号公報 特開平6−134500号公報
Furthermore, in JP-A-6-134500, a suspended solid in sludge is put into a floc state by adding polymer substances to sludge and dissolved, and then an inorganic flocculant is added to perform solid-liquid separation. A method for treating sludges to obtain easy agglomerates is described.
Japanese Patent No. 3723625 JP 7-1000 A JP-A-6-134500

しかしながら、上記特許文献1の方法では、固化剤が使用されるため、脱水対象となる処理汚泥の量が多大となって処分費用がかさばる問題がある。また、上記特許文献2の方法では、軟弱土から土を得る方法であって、対象となる軟弱土の含水率は75重量%程度のものであり、それよりも遥かに含水率が多い85重量%以上の高含水率汚泥の処理方法についてはまったく記載がない。   However, since the solidifying agent is used in the method of Patent Document 1, the amount of treated sludge to be dehydrated becomes large, and there is a problem that disposal costs are bulky. The method of Patent Document 2 is a method of obtaining soil from soft soil, and the water content of the subject soft soil is about 75% by weight, and the water content is much higher than 85% by weight. There is no description about the processing method of the high moisture content sludge of more than%.

さらに上記特許文献3の方法では、使用するポリマとして、ノニオン性、アニオン性、カチオン性の水溶性高分子物質を含む逆性エマルジョン型ポリマの開示があるものの、これらは対象汚泥に添加されて完全に溶解させてから無機凝集剤を添加する方法である。   Furthermore, in the method of the above-mentioned Patent Document 3, although there is a disclosure of an inverse emulsion type polymer containing a nonionic, anionic or cationic water-soluble polymer substance as a polymer to be used, these are completely added to the target sludge. In this method, the inorganic flocculant is added after being dissolved in the solution.

このような方法においては、対象汚泥の発生源や性状、経時変化による汚泥の性状変化等により、凝集できない事態がしばしば生じる。   In such a method, a situation in which the sludge cannot be agglomerated often occurs due to the generation source and property of the target sludge, the property change of the sludge due to a change with time, and the like.

本発明は、このような従来技術の問題点を克服し、汚泥の性状(発生源の違い、有機物の有無、他の性状の汚泥の混入等)に拘わらず、汚泥を凝集し、そのまま脱水可能なフロックを形成することができる凝集方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art, and agglomerates sludge and can be dewatered as it is regardless of sludge properties (difference in source, presence of organic substances, mixing of sludge with other properties, etc.) An object of the present invention is to provide an agglomeration method capable of forming a floc.

本発明(請求項1)の凝集方法は、固形物濃度10重量%以下の高含水性汚泥に対して、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマを過剰量添加し、ポリマが完全溶解しない内に、次いで無機凝集剤を添加して凝集するものであって、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの添加量が、高含水性汚泥に対して2重量%以上であり、無機凝集剤がアルミニウム塩であることを特徴とするものである。
In the flocculation method of the present invention (invention 1), an excessive amount of anionic emulsion polymer is added to a highly hydrous sludge having a solid concentration of 10 % by weight or less, and the polymer is not completely dissolved. a shall be aggregated by adding an addition amount of the anionic emulsion polymer is is 2 wt% or more of the high water content sludge, in which the inorganic coagulant is characterized in that an aluminum salt is there.

請求項2の凝集方法は、請求項1において、固形物濃度10重量%以下の高含水性汚泥が建設現場で発生する泥水であることを特徴とするものである。
The flocculation method of claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the highly hydrous sludge having a solid concentration of 10 % by weight or less is muddy water generated at a construction site.

請求項の凝集方法は、請求項1又は2において、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの添加後、2分以内に無機凝集剤を添加することを特徴とするものである。
The method of agglomeration claim 3 and is characterized Oite to claim 1 or 2, after the addition of the anionic emulsion polymer, the addition of inorganic coagulant within 2 minutes.

請求項の凝集方法は、請求項1ないしのいずれか1項において、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマが、アニオン性基を5モル%以上含有することを特徴とするものである。
The aggregation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the anionic emulsion polymer in any one of claims 1 to 3 contains 5 mol% or more of anionic groups.

本発明では、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの新たな使用方法に基づく新たに発見した作用効果を発揮させることにより、高含水汚泥の性状(発生源の違い、有機物の有無、他の性状の汚泥の混入等)に拘わらず、前記汚泥を容易に、安定かつ効率的に凝集し、そのまま脱水可能なフロックを形成することができる。   In the present invention, by exhibiting the newly discovered action effect based on a new method of using an anionic emulsion polymer, properties of high water content sludge (difference in source, presence of organic matter, mixing of sludge of other properties, etc. Despite this, the sludge can be easily, stably and efficiently aggregated to form a floc that can be dewatered as it is.

本発明において、高含水性汚泥とは、固形物濃度15重量%以下のものを指す。このような高含水性汚泥は、例えば、下水、し尿処理場や、ボーリング工事、地中連続壁工事、推進工事、浚渫工事等の建設現場で発生する。   In the present invention, the high water content sludge refers to a solid concentration of 15% by weight or less. Such high water content sludge is generated at construction sites such as sewage and human waste treatment plants, boring work, underground continuous wall work, propulsion work, dredging work, and the like.

本発明は、汚泥成分として、無機成分、有機成分のいずれでも処理可能であるが、特に固形物濃度10重量%以下の建設現場で発生する汚泥に好適に実施することができる。   The present invention can treat any inorganic component or organic component as the sludge component, but can be suitably implemented particularly for sludge generated at a construction site having a solid concentration of 10% by weight or less.

本発明で使用されるアニオン性ポリマは水溶性のもので、エマルジョン状態で使用される。これらの状態においては、水溶性アニオン性ポリマは、溶解・分散せず、微細固体のまま油中に存在する。本発明では、ポリマをこの状態で汚泥に添加することが重要である。   The anionic polymer used in the present invention is water-soluble and is used in an emulsion state. In these states, the water-soluble anionic polymer does not dissolve / disperse but exists in the oil as a fine solid. In the present invention, it is important to add the polymer to the sludge in this state.

具体的な水溶性アニオン性ポリマとしては、ポリマ中にアニオン性基が5モル%以上含有されているものが好ましい。   As a specific water-soluble anionic polymer, those containing 5 mol% or more of anionic groups in the polymer are preferable.

このようなアニオン性基としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマール酸、イタコン酸等のカルボン酸や、スチレンスルホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリールスルホン酸、2−アクリルアミドー2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、3−アリロキシー2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸等が例示される。   Examples of such anionic groups include carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfone. Examples thereof include sulfonic acids such as acid and 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid.

具体的なポリマとしては、アクリルアミドやメタクリルアミド等のノニオン性モノマと上記のアニオン性モノマの1種又は2種以上を5モル%、好ましくは10モル%以上含む共重合体が例示される。又、上記モノマを100モル%含むホモポリマでも良いし、アニオン性基を2以上含む共重合体でも良い。   Specific examples of the polymer include copolymers containing 5 mol%, preferably 10 mol% or more of nonionic monomers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide and one or more of the above anionic monomers. Further, it may be a homopolymer containing 100 mol% of the above monomer or a copolymer containing two or more anionic groups.

アニオン性基の含有率が5モル%未満となると、本発明の所期の効果が得られなくなる。
本発明のアニオン性ポリマの固有粘度は10dl/g以上であることが好ましい。固有粘度が10dl/g未満となると、凝集力が弱くなり、所期の効果が得られなくなる。なお、固有粘度は1N硝酸ソーダ水溶液(pH=3)を溶媒とし、30℃において測定する。
When the content of the anionic group is less than 5 mol%, the desired effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
The intrinsic viscosity of the anionic polymer of the present invention is preferably 10 dl / g or more. When the intrinsic viscosity is less than 10 dl / g, the cohesive force becomes weak and the desired effect cannot be obtained. The intrinsic viscosity is measured at 30 ° C. using a 1N sodium nitrate aqueous solution (pH = 3) as a solvent.

本発明では、上記のアニオン性のエマルジョンポリマを高含水率汚泥に添加するが、その添加量は理論上必要とされる量よりも過剰量を添加する。具体的には、高含水性汚泥に対して2重量%以上とする。この量は、通常の懸濁物の凝集処理では、0.1重量%以下であることからすれば、大過剰量である。     In the present invention, the above-mentioned anionic emulsion polymer is added to the high water content sludge, but the added amount is more than the theoretically required amount. Specifically, the content is 2% by weight or more based on the high water content sludge. This amount is a large excess amount because it is 0.1% by weight or less in the usual flocculation treatment of the suspension.

このようなアニオン性のエマルジョンポリマを高含水率汚泥に過剰量添加した後、攪拌し、ポリマと汚泥を接触させる。この過程で、エマルジョン中の微細ポリマが徐々に汚泥の水分と接触し、溶解して縮んだ分子が広がり始め、フロック化する。   An excess amount of such an anionic emulsion polymer is added to the high water content sludge and then stirred to bring the polymer and sludge into contact. In this process, the fine polymer in the emulsion gradually comes into contact with the water in the sludge, and when it melts, the shrunken molecules begin to spread and become flocked.

本発明では、従来法と異なり、ポリマが完全に溶解するまで待たずに、この段階で無機凝集剤を添加する。ポリマを添加して次いで無機凝集剤を添加するまでの時間は2分以内、好ましくは1分〜2分とする。   In the present invention, unlike the conventional method, the inorganic flocculant is added at this stage without waiting until the polymer is completely dissolved. The time from the addition of the polymer to the addition of the inorganic flocculant is within 2 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 2 minutes.

無機凝集剤を添加し、攪拌することによって、ポリマの一部は汚泥を凝集してフロック化し、残部はまだ溶解しきっていない状態のポリマと無機凝集剤とが反応して凝集部分をより強固にするとともに、残部の未反応ポリマの荷電を中和するとともに、微細なゲルを形成する。その結果、フロックが強化され、かつ親水性が低下して、フロックからの脱水が促進される。この反応時間は1〜10分程度とする。   By adding an inorganic flocculant and stirring, a part of the polymer agglomerates sludge to form a floc, and the remaining part of the polymer that has not yet dissolved reacts with the inorganic flocculant to make the agglomerated part stronger. In addition, the remaining unreacted polymer is neutralized and a fine gel is formed. As a result, the floc is strengthened and the hydrophilicity is lowered, and the dehydration from the floc is promoted. This reaction time is about 1 to 10 minutes.

本発明に使用される無機凝集剤としては、塩化アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)、硫酸アルミニウム(硫酸バンド)、アルミン酸ソーダ、塩化第一鉄、塩化第二鉄、硫酸鉄、消石灰、塩化カルシウム、ホウ酸ソーダ、珪酸ソーダ等の水溶性金属塩が挙げられるが、特に価数の高いアルミニウム塩が効率的であり好適に使用される。   Examples of the inorganic flocculant used in the present invention include aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), aluminum sulfate (sulfate band), sodium aluminate, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, iron sulfate, slaked lime, calcium chloride Water-soluble metal salts such as sodium borate and sodium silicate are mentioned, and aluminum salts having a high valence are particularly efficient and are preferably used.

この反応の結果、凝集フロックが得られるが、このフロックはこのまま加圧ろ過等で脱水してもフロックが崩壊しないほど強度が高い。   As a result of this reaction, agglomerated floc is obtained, but this floc is so strong that it does not collapse even if it is dewatered by pressure filtration or the like.

なお、従来のように、ポリマが溶解しきったポリマ水溶液を使用すると、ポリマはすでに水中で十分に溶解・分散し、互いに絡み合った状態となっているため、ここに無機凝集剤を加えても、本発明のような微細なゲルは形成されず、全体が透明がかった難脱水性のゲルが形成されてしまう。粉末ポリマを直接汚泥に添加した場合は、汚泥とポリマの接触時間が十分でないため、部分的にゲル化し、同様に脱水できないゲルが形成される。   In addition, when a polymer aqueous solution in which the polymer is completely dissolved is used as in the conventional case, the polymer is already sufficiently dissolved and dispersed in water and is in an intertwined state, so even if an inorganic flocculant is added here, A fine gel as in the present invention is not formed, and a hard-to-dehydrate gel that is entirely transparent is formed. When the powder polymer is added directly to the sludge, the contact time between the sludge and the polymer is not sufficient, so that the gel is partially gelled and a gel that cannot be dehydrated is formed.

こうして得られた凝集汚泥は、必要により、アニオン性やカチオン性又は両性高分子脱水剤を添加した後、フィルタープレス型や遠心分離型、スクリュープレス型等の機械式脱水機で脱水処理し、得られたケーキは最終処分すれば良い。   The agglomerated sludge thus obtained can be obtained by adding an anionic, cationic or amphoteric polymer dehydrating agent, if necessary, and then dehydrating with a mechanical dehydrator such as a filter press type, centrifugal type or screw press type. The final cake should be disposed of.

以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

実施例1
採取場所が異なる表1記載の高含水率汚泥を用いて試験した。又、使用したポリマ及び無機凝集剤を表2に示す。
Example 1
It tested using the high moisture content sludge of Table 1 from which a collection place differs. Table 2 shows the polymers and inorganic flocculants used.

Figure 0004816374
Figure 0004816374

Figure 0004816374
これらの汚泥に表1のNo.3のエマルジョンポリマを所定量添加し、1分半攪拌した後、無機凝集剤を所定量添加して5分間攪拌した。その結果得られた凝集汚泥を手で絞って、以下のように判定した。
Figure 0004816374
A predetermined amount of No. 3 emulsion polymer shown in Table 1 was added to these sludges and stirred for 1 and a half minutes, and then a predetermined amount of inorganic flocculant was added and stirred for 5 minutes. The resulting agglomerated sludge was squeezed by hand and judged as follows.

まったく水が絞れず、フロックが崩壊する状態・・・弱い
水は絞れるものの、フロックが崩壊する状態 ・・・若干弱い
フロックが崩壊せず、水がしぼれる状態 ・・・脱水好適
又、凝集汚泥を4m3/hrでスクリュープレス型脱水機に供給して0.5回転/分の回転速度で脱水した。
Water is not squeezed at all, flocs are collapsed ... weak water is squeezed, but flocs are collapsed ... slightly weak Flocks are not collapsed, water is squeezed ... dehydration is suitable Was supplied to a screw press type dehydrator at 4 m 3 / hr and dehydrated at a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm.

脱水性を以下の基準で判定した。   Dehydration was determined according to the following criteria.

固形分がろ液に漏出 ・・・×
脱水ケーキは形成されるが、脱水不十分・・・△
良好な脱水 ・・・○
汚泥、ポリマ、無機凝集剤の種類と添加量、及び結果を表3に示す。
Solid content leaks into the filtrate
Dehydrated cake is formed, but insufficient dehydration ... △
Good dehydration
Table 3 shows the types and amounts of sludge, polymer, and inorganic flocculant, and the results.

Figure 0004816374
表3より、各種高含水率汚泥を発生源に拘わらず、良好に脱水できることがわかった。
Figure 0004816374
From Table 3, it was found that various high water content sludges can be dehydrated satisfactorily regardless of the generation source.

実施例2
表1の建設汚泥2)(泥水シールド工事の結果排出された廃泥水)を対象に本発明方法を実施した。
Example 2
The method of the present invention was carried out on construction sludge 2) in Table 1 (waste mud discharged as a result of mud shield construction).

この汚泥に、表2に示した各種ポリマを20,000mg/lと無機凝集剤としてポリ塩化アルミニウムを25,000mg/l添加した以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。得られた凝集汚泥は、ベルトプレス型脱水機を用いて圧力4kg/cm2で脱水して、ケーキの含水率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。   This sludge was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 20,000 mg / l of various polymers shown in Table 2 and 25,000 mg / l of polyaluminum chloride as an inorganic flocculant were added. The obtained coagulated sludge was dehydrated at a pressure of 4 kg / cm 2 using a belt press type dehydrator, and the moisture content of the cake was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

Figure 0004816374
表4から、同じポリマを使用しても、粉末や溶液状ポリマでは、脱水自体が不能な凝集汚泥しか得られなかったが、本発明方法では、脱水に適した凝集が達成され、低含水率のケーキが得られていることがわかる。

Figure 0004816374
From Table 4, even if the same polymer was used, the powder or solution polymer could only obtain agglomerated sludge that could not be dewatered. However, in the method of the present invention, agglomeration suitable for dewatering was achieved, and low water content was achieved. It can be seen that the cake is obtained.

Claims (4)

固形物濃度10重量%以下の高含水性汚泥に対して、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマを過剰量添加し、前記ポリマが完全溶解しない内に、次いで無機凝集剤を添加して凝集する高含水性汚泥の凝集方法であって、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの添加量が、高含水性汚泥に対して2重量%以上であり、無機凝集剤がアルミニウム塩であることを特徴とする凝集方法。 The solid matter concentration of 10 wt% or less of the high water content sludge, anionic emulsion polymer was added an excess amount, within which the polymer is not completely dissolved, then the high water content sludge you flocculation by adding an inorganic flocculant The agglomeration method is characterized in that the addition amount of the anionic emulsion polymer is 2% by weight or more based on the high water content sludge, and the inorganic aggregating agent is an aluminum salt. 請求項1において、固形物濃度10重量%以下の高含水性汚泥が建設現場で発生する泥水であることを特徴とする凝集方法。 2. The coagulation method according to claim 1, wherein the highly hydrous sludge having a solid concentration of 10 % by weight or less is muddy water generated at a construction site. 請求項1又は2において、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマの添加後、2分以内に無機凝集剤を添加することを特徴とする凝集方法。 Oite to claim 1 or 2, after the addition of the anionic emulsion polymer, agglomeration method characterized by adding an inorganic coagulant within 2 minutes. 請求項1ないしのいずれか1項において、アニオン性エマルジョンポリマが、アニオン性基を5モル%以上含有することを特徴とする凝集方法。
The aggregation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the anionic emulsion polymer contains 5 mol% or more of anionic groups.
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