JP4788506B2 - amplifier - Google Patents

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JP4788506B2
JP4788506B2 JP2006194834A JP2006194834A JP4788506B2 JP 4788506 B2 JP4788506 B2 JP 4788506B2 JP 2006194834 A JP2006194834 A JP 2006194834A JP 2006194834 A JP2006194834 A JP 2006194834A JP 4788506 B2 JP4788506 B2 JP 4788506B2
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amplifier
frequency
circuit
impedance
bias circuit
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JP2008022499A (en
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彰男 分島
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NEC Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an amplifier which amplifies RF signals containing two or more frequency components with favorable distortion characteristics in an apparatus such as a mobile base station which performs multi-carrier transmission. <P>SOLUTION: A circuit having a characteristic (negative phase rotation characteristic) in which an electric length becomes short when a frequency becomes high in a frequency range corresponding to a delta frequency or a band of an input frequency is connected to an input terminal or an output terminal of the amplifier through a 1/4 wavelength transmission line 2, and the impedance of a bias circuit is decreased over a wide bandwidth without causing the deterioration of the signal itself. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、増幅器に関し、特にベースバンド帯インピーダンスの周波数依存性を低減した増幅器に関する。   The present invention relates to an amplifier, and more particularly to an amplifier with reduced frequency dependence of baseband impedance.

デジタル変調された広帯域通信においては、歪特性が重要である。歪特性は基本的には増幅器のAM−AM、AM−PM特性に起因するが、WCDMAのような広帯域信号を用いた通信方式においては、増幅器のAM−AM、AM−PM特性から生じた歪特性は、増幅回路の帯域幅の周波数(5MHz以下)のインピーダンスの影響を受ける。また、移動体基地局のように、マルチキャリア送信を行う場合には、キャリア周波数(数十MHz)のインピーダンスの影響をうける。   Distortion characteristics are important in digitally modulated broadband communications. The distortion characteristics are basically caused by the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of the amplifier, but in a communication system using a wideband signal such as WCDMA, the distortion caused by the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of the amplifier. The characteristics are influenced by the impedance of the bandwidth frequency (5 MHz or less) of the amplifier circuit. Moreover, when performing multicarrier transmission like a mobile base station, it is affected by the impedance of the carrier frequency (several tens of MHz).

移動体基地局用増幅器などにおいては、デジタル前段歪補償(デジタル・プリ・ディストーション)が用いられることがあるが、このようなシステムにおいては、増幅器のAM−AM、AM−PM特性に起因する歪はその大部分を補償することが可能である。しかしながら、増幅器から発生した歪に低周波からの戻り成分が含まれる場合には、デジタルによる歪補償が困難となってしまう。   In a mobile base station amplifier or the like, digital pre-distortion compensation (digital pre-distortion) may be used, but in such a system, distortion caused by AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of the amplifier. Can compensate for most of them. However, when the distortion generated from the amplifier includes a return component from a low frequency, digital distortion compensation becomes difficult.

そのため、増幅器の回路構成においては、低周波数(数十MHz以下)のインピーダンスができるだけ低いことが望ましい。   Therefore, in the circuit configuration of the amplifier, it is desirable that the impedance of the low frequency (several tens of MHz or less) is as low as possible.

一般に、RF増幅器のバイアス回路には、チョークインダクタンスや1/4波長の伝送線路が用いられている。このような回路構成とすれば、上記のような数十MHz以下の低周波数帯域では、増幅器の回路のインピーダンスは0に近く、また、キャリア信号の周波数帯域ではオープンになる。   In general, a choke inductance or a quarter wavelength transmission line is used for a bias circuit of an RF amplifier. With such a circuit configuration, the impedance of the amplifier circuit is close to 0 in the low frequency band of several tens of MHz or less as described above, and is open in the frequency band of the carrier signal.

しかしながら、実際には、1/4波長の伝送路とキャパシタとを用いたバイアス回路では、伝送線路に含まれるインダクタンス成分及びキャパシタの内部インダクタンスによって、バイアス回路のインピーダンスが0から回ってしまう。   However, in actuality, in a bias circuit using a 1/4 wavelength transmission line and a capacitor, the impedance of the bias circuit starts from 0 due to the inductance component included in the transmission line and the internal inductance of the capacitor.

この線路のインダクタンスを低減するには1/4波長よりも短くすれば良いが、その方法ではバイアス回路がキャリア周波数に対してオープンとならず、RF特性自体が劣化してしまう。   In order to reduce the inductance of the line, it is sufficient to make it shorter than ¼ wavelength. However, in this method, the bias circuit is not opened with respect to the carrier frequency, and the RF characteristic itself is deteriorated.

よって、WCDMA方式のように、広帯域を有する信号においては100MHzまでの広範囲でインピーダンスを低減する必要がある。   Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the impedance over a wide range up to 100 MHz in a signal having a wide band as in the WCDMA system.

このような問題を解決するための従来技術としては、特許文献1に開示される「高周波電力増幅装置」や特許文献2に開示される「電力増幅器」がある。   As conventional techniques for solving such a problem, there are a “high-frequency power amplification device” disclosed in Patent Document 1 and a “power amplifier” disclosed in Patent Document 2.

特許文献1に開示される発明は、バイアス回路にインダクタンスとコンデンサとを設置し、それらの共振を利用してインピーダンスをコントロールするものである。
また、特許文献1に開示される発明及び特許文献2に開示される発明は、いずれもバイアス回路にR(抵抗)を挿入し、回路のQ値を低減することによって、共振によるインピーダンス増加を抑制している。
特開2005−341447号公報 特開2003−17948号公報
In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, an inductance and a capacitor are installed in a bias circuit, and the impedance is controlled by utilizing their resonance.
In addition, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 both suppress the increase in impedance due to resonance by inserting R (resistance) in the bias circuit and reducing the Q value of the circuit. is doing.
JP 2005-341447 A JP 2003-17948 A

図4、図5に、従来のバイアス回路の構成を示す。また、図4や図5示すような共振系を用いた回路でのインピーダンスの変化を図6に示す。従来の回路では、限られた周波数範囲でしかインピーダンスのコントロールができない。また、λ/4伝送路やコンデンサ内部インダクタンスによるインピーダンス虚部の変化は比較的低周波から増加してしまう。
また、図5のように、コンデンサに直列にRを挿入した場合には、図6の10MHz付近に生じる共振によるインピーダンス(実部)の増加を低減することは可能であるが、信号の周波数帯におけるバイアス回路のQ値が下がってしまい、信号自体がバイアスラインに大きく流れて損失が大きくなる。よって、RF出力特性自体が低下してしまう。
4 and 5 show the configuration of a conventional bias circuit. FIG. 6 shows a change in impedance in a circuit using a resonance system as shown in FIGS. In the conventional circuit, the impedance can be controlled only in a limited frequency range. Further, the change in the imaginary part of the impedance due to the λ / 4 transmission line and the internal inductance of the capacitor increases from a relatively low frequency.
In addition, when R is inserted in series with the capacitor as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to reduce the increase in impedance (real part) due to resonance occurring in the vicinity of 10 MHz in FIG. The Q value of the bias circuit decreases at, and the signal itself flows greatly through the bias line, increasing the loss. Therefore, the RF output characteristics themselves are degraded.

このように、従来技術の第1の問題点は、共振周波数以外でのインピーダンスにおいてインピーダンスが低減できず、広帯域信号に適応させることが困難であるということである。   As described above, the first problem of the prior art is that impedance cannot be reduced in impedances other than the resonance frequency, and it is difficult to adapt to a wideband signal.

また、従来技術の第2の問題点は、共振周波数以外のインピーダンス増加を抑えるためにR(抵抗)を入れて回路のQ値を低減しているために、信号全体が回路側に漏れてしまうために損失が生じ、増幅器の特性を劣化させてしまうことである。   The second problem of the prior art is that the entire signal leaks to the circuit side because the Q value of the circuit is reduced by inserting R (resistance) in order to suppress an increase in impedance other than the resonance frequency. Therefore, a loss occurs and the characteristics of the amplifier are deteriorated.

本発明はかかる問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、信号自体を劣化させることなく、広帯域にベースバンド帯のインピーダンスを低減できる回路を備えた増幅器を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide an amplifier including a circuit capable of reducing the impedance of a baseband in a wide band without degrading the signal itself.

かかる目的を達成するために、本発明は以下の特徴を有する。In order to achieve this object, the present invention has the following features.
本発明にかかる増幅器は、  An amplifier according to the present invention includes:
2以上の周波数成分を含む信号を増幅する増幅器であって、  An amplifier that amplifies a signal including two or more frequency components,
入力端子又は出力端子に、入力周波数の周波数差に相当する周波数帯で周波数に対して負の向きに動く負の位相回転特性を有する回路が接続されており、  A circuit having a negative phase rotation characteristic that moves in a negative direction with respect to the frequency in a frequency band corresponding to the frequency difference of the input frequency is connected to the input terminal or the output terminal,
前記負の位相回転特性を有する回路は、  The circuit having the negative phase rotation characteristic is:
直列に接続された2以上のコンデンサと、各々のコンデンサ間に一端が接続され他端が接地されたインダクタと、で構成していることを特徴とする。  It is characterized by comprising two or more capacitors connected in series, and an inductor having one end connected between each capacitor and the other end grounded.

本発明によれば、信号自体を劣化させることなく、広帯域にベースバンド帯のインピーダンスを低減できる According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the baseband impedance in a wide band without degrading the signal itself .

本発明の好適な実施の形態について説明する。
図1に、本実施形態にかかる高周波増幅器に適用するバイアス回路1の構成を示す。なお、増幅回路自体は公知の構成を適用可能であり、スイッチング素子の入力端子又は出力端子に接続された信号伝送路(RF Line)にバイアス回路1が付加される。
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a bias circuit 1 applied to the high-frequency amplifier according to the present embodiment. Note that a well-known configuration can be applied to the amplifier circuit itself, and the bias circuit 1 is added to a signal transmission line (RF Line) connected to the input terminal or output terminal of the switching element.

バイアス回路1として、信号の主線路に、信号の周波数で4分の1波長の長さの位置に設置された(換言すると、1/4波長伝送線路2を介して接続された)、直列に接続された10個のコンデンサ3と、それぞれ一方が接地され他方がコンデンサ3同士の間に接続されたインダクタ4との対によって構成される。
このような構成をとることにより、この部分は伝送線路として働き、周波数が高くなると電気長が短くなる性質(負の位相回転特性)を示す。なお、コンデンサ3及びインダクタ4の容量・インダクタンスを調整することにより、200MHzまでの周波数において位相が周波数に対して負の位相回りを示すように特性を付与できる(換言すると、負の位相回転特性を付与できる)。
As the bias circuit 1, it is installed on the main line of the signal at a position having a length of a quarter wavelength of the signal frequency (in other words, connected via the quarter wavelength transmission line 2), in series. It is constituted by a pair of ten connected capacitors 3 and an inductor 4 in which one is grounded and the other is connected between the capacitors 3.
By adopting such a configuration, this portion functions as a transmission line, and exhibits a property (negative phase rotation characteristic) in which the electrical length is shortened as the frequency is increased. By adjusting the capacitance / inductance of the capacitor 3 and the inductor 4, it is possible to give a characteristic that the phase shows a negative phase around the frequency at frequencies up to 200 MHz (in other words, the negative phase rotation characteristic is changed). Can be granted).

本実施形態にかかる回路を付加したバイアス回路1のインピーダンスの変化の一例を図2に示す。図から明らかなように、200MHzまではバイアス回路1に用いたλ/4波長線路2やコンデンサ3から生じる位相回りをほぼキャンセルすることが可能であり、インピーダンスは1kHzから200MHzの広範囲にわたり、連続的に0.1Ω未満となっている。   An example of a change in impedance of the bias circuit 1 to which the circuit according to the present embodiment is added is shown in FIG. As can be seen from the figure, the phase around the λ / 4 wavelength line 2 and the capacitor 3 used in the bias circuit 1 can be almost canceled up to 200 MHz, and the impedance is continuous over a wide range from 1 kHz to 200 MHz. Is less than 0.1Ω.

このように、本実施形態においては、位相が周波数に対して負の向きに動く回路(負の位相回転特性を有する回路)を付加することによって、極めて広い周波数帯域で、バイアス回路のインピーダンスを低減できる。   As described above, in this embodiment, by adding a circuit whose phase moves in a negative direction with respect to the frequency (a circuit having a negative phase rotation characteristic), the impedance of the bias circuit is reduced in an extremely wide frequency band. it can.

本実施形態にかかるバイアス回路1を10MHz離した2キャリアのWCDMA信号を増幅する増幅器に適用した場合の出力スペクトラム(相互変調歪を含める)を図3に示す。比較のため、従来のバイアス回路を有する増幅器の出力スペクトラムを図7に示す。
本実施形態にかかるバイアス回路1を適用した増幅器の場合WCDMA信号2キャリア入力時のIM特性における低周波インピーダンスの影響を低減できる。その結果、IM低周波側と高周波側とのアンバランス(メモリ効果)がほとんど生じていない。
FIG. 3 shows an output spectrum (including intermodulation distortion) when the bias circuit 1 according to this embodiment is applied to an amplifier that amplifies a 2-carrier WCDMA signal separated by 10 MHz. For comparison, the output spectrum of an amplifier having a conventional bias circuit is shown in FIG.
In the case of the amplifier to which the bias circuit 1 according to the present embodiment is applied, the influence of the low frequency impedance on the IM characteristic at the time of inputting the two WCDMA signal carriers can be reduced. As a result, imbalance (memory effect) between the IM low frequency side and the high frequency side hardly occurs.

一方、従来のバイアス回路を有する増幅器では、低周波インピーダンスの影響がIM特性に現れており、IM低周波側と高周波側とでアンバランスが生じてしまう(出力スペクトルが中心周波数に関して非対称となる)。   On the other hand, in an amplifier having a conventional bias circuit, the influence of low frequency impedance appears in the IM characteristics, and imbalance occurs between the IM low frequency side and the high frequency side (the output spectrum becomes asymmetric with respect to the center frequency). .

このように、本実施形態にかかるバイアス回路1を適用した増幅器が示すIM特性は、図3からも明らかなように、増幅器のAM−AM、AM−PM特性によって生じた歪(奇数次の歪)が支配的であり、従来の増幅器のように、これらとベースバンド帯からの歪(偶数次の歪)が重畳されてはいない。   As described above, the IM characteristics of the amplifier to which the bias circuit 1 according to the present embodiment is applied are distortions (odd-order distortions) caused by the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of the amplifier, as is apparent from FIG. ) Are dominant, and distortion from the baseband (even-order distortion) is not superimposed on the conventional amplifier, unlike the conventional amplifier.

さらに、DPD(デジタル・プリ・ディストーション)を行った際の残留歪が極めて小さく、低歪化が可能である。このようなメモリ効果が少ない増幅器においては、デジタル・プリ・ディストーションによる歪補償が効果的に働く。   Further, the residual distortion when DPD (Digital Pre-distortion) is performed is extremely small, and the distortion can be reduced. In such an amplifier having a small memory effect, distortion compensation by digital pre-distortion works effectively.

なお、上記実施形態は本発明の好適な実施の一例であり、本発明はこれに限定されることはない。
例えば、上記実施形態はコンデンサが10個直列に接続された構成の回路を例としたが、負の位相回転特性を示すのであれば、図示したものとは異なる構成の回路を用いても良い。
また、上記実施形態においては、200MHzまでの位相が周波数に対して負の向きを生じる場合を例としたが、負の位相回転特性を示す周波数の範囲は、バイアス回路の構成(素子のレイアウト、素子特性値)によって任意に設定可能である。
このように、本発明は様々な変形が可能である。
In addition, the said embodiment is an example of suitable implementation of this invention, and this invention is not limited to this.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, a circuit having a configuration in which ten capacitors are connected in series is taken as an example, but a circuit having a configuration different from that shown in the drawing may be used as long as the circuit exhibits negative phase rotation characteristics.
Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the phase up to 200 MHz has a negative direction with respect to the frequency is taken as an example. However, the frequency range showing the negative phase rotation characteristic is the configuration of the bias circuit (element layout, It can be arbitrarily set depending on the element characteristic value.
As described above, the present invention can be variously modified.

本発明を好適に実施した高周波増幅器のバイアス回路の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the bias circuit of the high frequency amplifier which implemented this invention suitably. 本発明の好適な実施の形態にかかる高周波増幅器のバイアス回路のインピーダンスの周波数依存性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the frequency dependence of the impedance of the bias circuit of the high frequency amplifier concerning suitable embodiment of this invention. 本発明の好適な実施の形態にかかる高周波増幅器を移動体基地局用増幅器として用いた場合の歪特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the distortion characteristic at the time of using the high frequency amplifier concerning suitable embodiment of this invention as an amplifier for mobile base stations. 従来の増幅器の回路構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the circuit structure of the conventional amplifier. 従来の増幅器の回路構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the circuit structure of the conventional amplifier. 従来の増幅器のバイアス回路のインピーダンスの周波数依存性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the frequency dependence of the impedance of the bias circuit of the conventional amplifier. 従来の増幅器を移動体基地局用増幅器として用いた場合の歪特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the distortion characteristic at the time of using the conventional amplifier as an amplifier for mobile base stations.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 バイアス回路
2 1/4波長伝送線路
3 コンデンサ
4 インダクタ
1 Bias circuit 2 1/4 wavelength transmission line 3 Capacitor 4 Inductor

Claims (5)

2以上の周波数成分を含む信号を増幅する増幅器であって、
入力端子又は出力端子に、入力周波数の周波数差相当する周波数帯で周波数に対して負の向きに動く負の位相回転特性を有する回路が接続されており、
前記負の位相回転特性を有する回路は、
直列に接続された2以上のコンデンサと、各々のコンデンサ間に一端が接続され他端が接地されたインダクタと、で構成していることを特徴とする増幅器。
An amplifier that amplifies a signal including two or more frequency components,
A circuit having a negative phase rotation characteristic that moves in a negative direction with respect to the frequency in a frequency band corresponding to the frequency difference of the input frequency is connected to the input terminal or the output terminal ,
The circuit having the negative phase rotation characteristic is:
An amplifier comprising two or more capacitors connected in series and an inductor having one end connected between each capacitor and the other end grounded .
前記コンデンサの容量及び前記インダクタのインダクタンスを調整することを特徴とする請求項1記載の増幅器。2. The amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a capacitance of the capacitor and an inductance of the inductor are adjusted. 前記負の位相回転特性を有する回路が、4分の1波長導波路を介して接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の増幅器。 The negative of the circuit having the phase rotation characteristics, quarter amplifier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wavelength waveguide via is connected. 前記信号のベースバンド帯におけるデジタル歪補償回路を有することを特徴とする請求項1からのいずれか1項記載の増幅器。 The amplifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a digital distortion compensation circuit in a baseband of the signal. 移動体通信の基地局用であることを特徴とする請求項1からのいずれか1項記載の増幅器。 The amplifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the amplifier is used for a base station for mobile communication.
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JP3443666B2 (en) * 1995-04-28 2003-09-08 株式会社椿本チエイン AC power supply
JP3761729B2 (en) * 1998-12-25 2006-03-29 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ Bias circuit
JP2003017948A (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Power amplifier

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