JP4781374B2 - Method and apparatus for treating waste liquid containing inorganic salt - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating waste liquid containing inorganic salt Download PDF

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JP4781374B2
JP4781374B2 JP2008008711A JP2008008711A JP4781374B2 JP 4781374 B2 JP4781374 B2 JP 4781374B2 JP 2008008711 A JP2008008711 A JP 2008008711A JP 2008008711 A JP2008008711 A JP 2008008711A JP 4781374 B2 JP4781374 B2 JP 4781374B2
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waste liquid
inorganic salt
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悟 平野
誠子 土肥
育子 大矢根
藍 西山
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Sasakura Engineering Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、工場排水や浸出水などの無機塩含有廃液を処理するための無機塩含有廃液の処理方法および装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid such as factory effluent and leachate.

硫酸ナトリウム(ボウ硝)や塩化ナトリウムなど種々の無機塩を含む廃液を処理する方法として、電気透析装置を用いて廃液から酸およびアルカリを回収する方法が従来から知られている。例えば、特許文献1には、硫酸塩のアルカリ性廃液を脱アルカリ処理してから、イオン交換膜電気透析装置に供給することにより、電気透析装置の陰イオン交換膜の劣化を抑制することが開示されている。
特許第3015486号公報
As a method for treating a waste liquid containing various inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate (bow glass) and sodium chloride, a method for recovering acid and alkali from the waste liquid using an electrodialyzer has been conventionally known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a alkaline waste liquid of sulfate is dealkalized and then supplied to an ion exchange membrane electrodialyzer to suppress deterioration of the anion exchange membrane of the electrodialyzer. ing.
Japanese Patent No. 3015486

ところが、特許文献1に開示された処理方法は、電気透析装置に廃液を供給するための前処理が、やはりイオン交換膜電気透析装置を用いた脱アルカリ処理によって行われるので、前処理で用いるイオン交換膜の劣化が避けられないという問題があった。   However, in the treatment method disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the pretreatment for supplying the waste liquid to the electrodialyzer is performed by dealkalization using an ion exchange membrane electrodialyzer, the ions used in the pretreatment are used. There was a problem that deterioration of the exchange membrane was inevitable.

また、塩素イオン、硝酸イオン、フッ酸イオンなど従来の前処理によっては除去が困難な不純物によって、回収される硫酸中に塩酸、硝酸、フッ酸などが混入し、腐食性の高い酸となり易いため、耐食性を維持する観点から設備の材料コストやランニングコストが高くなるという問題もあった。   In addition, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc. are mixed in the recovered sulfuric acid due to impurities that are difficult to remove by conventional pretreatment such as chlorine ion, nitrate ion, hydrofluoric acid ion, etc., and it tends to be highly corrosive acid. There is also a problem that the material cost and running cost of the equipment increase from the viewpoint of maintaining the corrosion resistance.

そこで、本発明は、無機塩含有廃液に含まれる不純物を十分に除去し、高品質の酸及びアルカリを低コストで回収することができる無機塩含有廃液の処理方法および装置の提供を目的とする。   Then, this invention aims at provision of the processing method and apparatus of an inorganic salt containing waste liquid which can fully remove the impurity contained in an inorganic salt containing waste liquid, and can collect | recover high quality acid and alkali at low cost. .

本発明の前記目的は、無機塩を含有する廃液から不純物を除去する不純物除去ステップと、前処理後の廃液を電気透析により酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液に分離して回収する回収ステップとを備える無機塩含有廃液の処理方法であって、前記不純物除去ステップは、廃液に含まれる無機塩を晶析分離する塩分離ステップと、分離された無機塩の溶液を生成する溶解ステップとを備え、前記回収ステップは、前記溶解ステップで生成された溶液に対して電気透析を行う無機塩含有廃液の処理方法により達成される。   The object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic salt comprising an impurity removing step for removing impurities from a waste liquid containing an inorganic salt, and a recovery step for separating and recovering the pretreated waste liquid into an acid solution and an alkaline solution by electrodialysis. A method for treating a contained waste liquid, wherein the impurity removing step includes a salt separation step for crystallizing and separating an inorganic salt contained in the waste liquid, and a dissolution step for producing a solution of the separated inorganic salt, and the recovery step Is achieved by an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid treatment method in which electrodialysis is performed on the solution produced in the dissolution step.

この無機塩含有廃液の処理方法は、前記塩分離ステップで生成されたろ液を蒸発濃縮する濃縮ステップを更に備えることが好ましく、前記塩分離ステップは、濃縮後のろ液に残留する無機塩を晶析分離するステップを含むことが好ましい。更に、前記濃縮ステップは、前記回収ステップで酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液が分離された希薄塩溶液を蒸発濃縮するステップを備えることが好ましい。   The method for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid preferably further comprises a concentration step for evaporating and concentrating the filtrate produced in the salt separation step, and the salt separation step crystallizes the inorganic salt remaining in the filtrate after concentration. Preferably, the step of analyzing and separating is included. Furthermore, the concentration step preferably includes a step of evaporating and concentrating the diluted salt solution from which the acid solution and the alkali solution have been separated in the recovery step.

また、本発明の前記目的は、無機塩を含有する廃液から不純物を除去する不純物除去装置と、前処理後の廃液を電気透析により酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液に分離して回収する電気透析装置とを備える無機塩含有廃液の処理装置であって、前記不純物除去装置は、廃液に含まれる無機塩を析出させる晶析装置と、析出した無機塩をろ液と分離する塩分離装置と、分離された無機塩の溶液を生成する溶解槽と、前記塩分離装置で生成されたろ液を蒸発濃縮する濃縮装置とを備えており、前記濃縮装置で生成された濃縮後のろ液を前記晶析装置に供給するように構成されている無機塩含有廃液の処理装置により達成される。   Further, the object of the present invention is to provide an impurity removing device for removing impurities from waste liquid containing inorganic salt, and an electrodialyzer for separating and recovering the pretreated waste liquid into acid solution and alkaline solution by electrodialysis. An apparatus for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid, wherein the impurity removing apparatus is separated from a crystallizer that precipitates an inorganic salt contained in the waste liquid, and a salt separator that separates the deposited inorganic salt from a filtrate. A dissolution tank for producing a solution of the inorganic salt; and a concentrating device for evaporating and concentrating the filtrate produced by the salt separation device, and the filtrate obtained after the concentration produced by the concentrating device is supplied to the crystallization device. This is achieved by an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid treatment apparatus configured to supply.

本発明によれば、無機塩含有廃液に含まれる不純物を十分に除去し、高品質の酸及びアルカリを低コストで回収することができる無機塩含有廃液の処理方法および装置を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the processing method and apparatus of an inorganic salt containing waste liquid which can fully remove the impurity contained in an inorganic salt containing waste liquid and can collect | recover high quality acid and alkali at low cost can be provided. .

以下、本発明の実態形態について添付図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る無機塩含有廃液の処理装置を示す概略構成図である。この処理装置1は、無機塩を含有する廃液から不純物を除去する不純物除去装置10と、前処理後の廃液を電気透析により酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液に分離して回収する電気透析装置20とを備えている。   Hereinafter, actual forms of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The treatment apparatus 1 includes an impurity removal apparatus 10 that removes impurities from a waste liquid containing an inorganic salt, and an electrodialysis apparatus 20 that separates and collects the pretreated waste liquid into an acid solution and an alkaline solution by electrodialysis. ing.

不純物除去装置10は、廃液中に含まれる懸濁物質(SS成分)を捕捉するろ過フィルタを備えて中和やろ過などの操作を行う前処理装置11と、前処理装置を通過した廃液を晶析して無機塩の結晶を析出させる晶析装置12と、析出した無機塩をろ液と分離する塩分離装置13と、分離された無機塩の溶液を生成する溶解槽14と、塩分離装置13で生成されたろ液を蒸発濃縮する濃縮装置15とを備えており、濃縮装置15で濃縮されたろ液は、再び晶析装置12に供給されるように構成されている。   The impurity removing device 10 includes a pretreatment device 11 that includes a filter for capturing suspended substances (SS components) contained in the waste liquid and performs operations such as neutralization and filtration, and crystallizes the waste liquid that has passed through the pretreatment device. A crystallizer 12 that precipitates inorganic salt crystals, a salt separator 13 that separates the deposited inorganic salt from the filtrate, a dissolution tank 14 that produces a solution of the separated inorganic salt, and a salt separator And a concentrating device 15 for evaporating and concentrating the filtrate produced in 13, and the filtrate concentrated by the concentrating device 15 is configured to be supplied to the crystallizer 12 again.

晶析装置12は本実施形態では、供給された廃液を冷却晶析缶で冷却して、目的とする無機塩の結晶を析出させる冷却晶析装置を使用しているが、純度の高い結晶が析出される晶析方法であれば良く、例えば蒸発晶析装置、再結晶装置などを用いることができる。   In this embodiment, the crystallization apparatus 12 uses a cooling crystallization apparatus that cools the supplied waste liquid with a cooling crystallization can to precipitate crystals of the target inorganic salt. Any crystallization method may be used, and for example, an evaporation crystallization apparatus, a recrystallization apparatus, or the like can be used.

塩分離装置13は、無機塩が析出した廃液のスラリーから結晶を遠心分離するように構成されている。無機塩の結晶は溶解槽14に供給される。溶解槽14は、供給された無機塩の結晶を、所望の濃度となるように水に溶解して無機塩の溶液を生成し、電気透析装置20に供給する。   The salt separation device 13 is configured to centrifuge crystals from a slurry of waste liquid on which inorganic salts are deposited. Inorganic salt crystals are supplied to the dissolution tank 14. The dissolution tank 14 dissolves the supplied inorganic salt crystals in water to a desired concentration to generate an inorganic salt solution, and supplies the solution to the electrodialysis apparatus 20.

一方、塩分離装置13で無機塩が分離されたろ液は濃縮装置15に供給される。濃縮装置15は、内部を加熱流体が通過する複数の伝熱管の表面に、ろ液を減圧下で散布して加熱蒸発させる公知の蒸発濃縮装置を用いることができ、ろ液中に僅かに含まれる無機塩を濃縮する。濃縮後のろ液は晶析装置12に再び供給されるが、不純物が含まれる為、一部をブロー液として排出する。この排出割合は、弁開度の調整により所望の値に設定可能である。   On the other hand, the filtrate from which the inorganic salt has been separated by the salt separation device 13 is supplied to the concentration device 15. As the concentrating device 15, a known evaporating and concentrating device for spraying and evaporating the filtrate under reduced pressure on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes through which the heating fluid passes can be used, and is slightly contained in the filtrate. Concentrate the inorganic salt. The concentrated filtrate is supplied again to the crystallizer 12, but since impurities are contained, a part of the filtrate is discharged as a blow liquid. This discharge ratio can be set to a desired value by adjusting the valve opening.

電気透析装置20は、陽極と陰極との間に、陽イオン交換膜、バイポーラ膜および陰イオン交換膜を備えるセルが複数積層された三室セル方式のバイポーラ膜電気透析装置など公知のものを使用することができ、陽イオン交換膜および陰イオン交換膜により形成される脱塩室に無機塩の溶液が導入される。また、陽イオン交換膜およびバイポーラ膜により形成されるアルカリ室と、バイポーラ膜および陰イオン交換膜により形成される酸室に、それぞれ水が導入され、アルカリ室および酸室からアルカリ溶液および酸溶液がそれぞれ回収される。脱塩室における脱塩後の希薄塩溶液は、濃縮装置15に供給される。   The electrodialysis apparatus 20 uses a known apparatus such as a three-chamber cell type bipolar membrane electrodialysis apparatus in which a plurality of cells each having a cation exchange membrane, a bipolar membrane and an anion exchange membrane are laminated between an anode and a cathode. Inorganic salt solution is introduced into the desalting chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. Water is introduced into the alkali chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane and the bipolar membrane, and the acid chamber formed by the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane, respectively. Each is collected. The diluted salt solution after desalting in the desalting chamber is supplied to the concentrating device 15.

次に、上記の構成を備える無機塩含有廃液の処理装置1の作用を説明する。
本実施形態の処理装置1は、塩酸、硫酸、フッ酸、リン酸などの強酸と、カリウム、ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属との無機塩を含む工場排水や浸出水などの廃液を処理するのに好適に用いることができ、以下においては、硫酸ナトリウム(ボウ硝)を無機塩として含む廃液の処理を例として説明する。
Next, the operation of the inorganic salt-containing waste liquid treatment apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration will be described.
The treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment removes waste liquids such as industrial wastewater and leachate containing a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphoric acid and an inorganic salt of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as potassium or sodium. In the following, the treatment of waste liquid containing sodium sulfate (bow glass) as an inorganic salt will be described as an example.

不純物除去装置10に供給された廃液は、前処理装置11を通過する際に懸濁物質(SS成分)が除去された後、晶析装置12に導入される。晶析装置12においては、塩によって飽和溶解度や溶解度の温度依存性が異なることを利用して、目的の塩の結晶のみを析出させる。本実施形態においては、塩化ナトリウムの溶解度の温度依存性が含水ボウ硝のそれに比べて小さいことを利用している。すなわち、供給濃度における塩化ナトリウムの析出温度以上であって含水ボウ硝の析出温度以下に冷却することによって含水ボウ硝のみを析出させる。またその他の微量不純物は溶液側に溶解することによって、結晶純度を上げることが可能である。こうして、硫酸ナトリウムの結晶が析出されて廃液がスラリー状となり、この廃液が塩分離装置13において固液分離される。   The waste liquid supplied to the impurity removing device 10 is introduced into the crystallizer 12 after the suspended matter (SS component) is removed when passing through the pretreatment device 11. In the crystallizer 12, by utilizing the fact that the saturation solubility and the temperature dependence of solubility differ depending on the salt, only crystals of the target salt are precipitated. In the present embodiment, the fact that the temperature dependence of the solubility of sodium chloride is smaller than that of hydrous bow glass is utilized. That is, only water-containing bow glass is precipitated by cooling to a temperature equal to or higher than the precipitation temperature of sodium chloride at the supply concentration and lower than the precipitation temperature of water-containing bow glass. Other trace impurities can be dissolved on the solution side to increase the crystal purity. In this manner, crystals of sodium sulfate are precipitated, and the waste liquid becomes a slurry, and this waste liquid is solid-liquid separated in the salt separation device 13.

塩分離装置13で分離された硫酸ナトリウムの結晶は、溶解槽14において純水に溶解されて溶液となり、電気透析装置20に供給される。この溶液は、晶析装置12及び塩分離装置13を経ることで溶解塩の純度が高められているため、生成される酸溶液及びアルカリ溶液(すなわち、硫酸溶液および苛性ソーダ溶液)を高品質なものとすることができ、濃度を十分高めた有価な酸およびアルカリを回収することができる。また、溶液中に含まれる塩素イオン、硝酸イオン、フッ素イオンなどの不純物が十分低減されていることにより、材料腐食の問題が抑制され、回収設備のイニシャルコスト、ランニングコストを大幅に改善することができるので、酸およびアルカリの回収メリットが大きくなる。   The sodium sulfate crystals separated by the salt separation device 13 are dissolved in pure water in the dissolution tank 14 to form a solution and supplied to the electrodialysis device 20. Since the purity of the dissolved salt is increased by passing through the crystallizer 12 and the salt separator 13, this solution is a high-quality acid solution and alkali solution (that is, sulfuric acid solution and caustic soda solution). Valuable acid and alkali whose concentration is sufficiently increased can be recovered. In addition, since the impurities such as chlorine ions, nitrate ions, and fluorine ions contained in the solution are sufficiently reduced, the problem of material corrosion can be suppressed, and the initial cost and running cost of the recovery equipment can be greatly improved. Therefore, the merit of collecting acid and alkali is increased.

一方、塩分離装置13で生成されたろ液は、濃縮装置15に供給されて蒸発濃縮された後、再び晶析装置12に供給される。これにより、ろ液中に僅かに残留する硫酸ナトリウムが濃縮されて、析出し易い状態で再び晶析されるため、電気透析装置20における酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液の回収率を高めることができる。濃縮装置15で生成された蒸気は、凝縮水として回収することができる。   On the other hand, the filtrate produced by the salt separation device 13 is supplied to the concentration device 15 and evaporated and concentrated, and then supplied to the crystallizer 12 again. Thereby, since the sodium sulfate slightly remaining in the filtrate is concentrated and crystallized again in a state where it is easily precipitated, the recovery rate of the acid solution and the alkali solution in the electrodialyzer 20 can be increased. The steam generated by the concentrator 15 can be recovered as condensed water.

濃縮装置15でろ液を繰り返し濃縮することにより、硫酸ナトリウム(含水ボウ硝)と共に不純物も濃縮されるため、塩分離装置13で生成される結晶塩に不純物が混入し易くなり、回収する酸・アルカリの品質が低下するおそれがある。このような場合には、晶析装置12への廃液の供給を連続的に行いつつ、濃縮装置15で生成された濃縮液の一部をブロー液として外部に連続的に排出することにより、晶析装置12に供給される濃縮液の不純物濃度の増加を抑制することができる。ブロー液の排出量を多くするほど、回収される酸・アルカリの品質が高まる一方で回収率は低下することから、ろ液中の不純物濃度をモニタリングする等して、ブロー液の排出量を適宜調整することが好ましい。   By repeatedly concentrating the filtrate with the concentrating device 15, impurities are concentrated together with sodium sulfate (hydrous bow glass), so that the impurities are easily mixed into the crystalline salt produced by the salt separating device 13, and the acid / alkali to be recovered The quality of the product may be reduced. In such a case, while continuously supplying the waste liquid to the crystallizer 12, a part of the concentrated liquid generated by the concentrator 15 is continuously discharged to the outside as a blow liquid. An increase in the impurity concentration of the concentrated liquid supplied to the analyzing apparatus 12 can be suppressed. As the amount of blown liquid discharged increases, the recovery rate decreases while the quality of the recovered acid / alkali increases, so the amount of blown liquid discharged can be adjusted appropriately by monitoring the impurity concentration in the filtrate. It is preferable to adjust.

電気透析装置20に供給された硫酸ナトリウムの溶液は、脱塩室を通過する際に大部分が酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液として回収されるが、脱塩室から排出された液中にも硫酸ナトリウムが僅かに含まれている。この希薄塩の溶液は、塩分離装置13で生成されたろ液と共に濃縮装置15に供給されて蒸発濃縮されることにより、硫酸ナトリウムを塩分離装置13で再び析出することができ、酸およびアルカリの回収率を更に高めることができる。   Most of the sodium sulfate solution supplied to the electrodialyzer 20 is recovered as an acid solution and an alkaline solution when passing through the desalting chamber, but sodium sulfate is also contained in the liquid discharged from the desalting chamber. Slightly included. This dilute salt solution is supplied to the concentration device 15 together with the filtrate produced by the salt separation device 13 and evaporated to concentrate, so that sodium sulfate can be precipitated again by the salt separation device 13, and the acid and alkali The recovery rate can be further increased.

本発明の一実施形態に係る無機塩含有廃液の処理装置を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the processing apparatus of the inorganic salt containing waste liquid which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 処理装置
10 不純物除去装置
11 前処理装置
12 晶析装置
13 塩分離装置
14 溶解槽
15 濃縮装置
20 電気透析装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Treatment apparatus 10 Impurity removal apparatus 11 Pretreatment apparatus 12 Crystallization apparatus 13 Salt separation apparatus 14 Dissolution tank 15 Concentration apparatus 20 Electrodialysis apparatus

Claims (4)

無機塩を含有する廃液から不純物を除去する不純物除去ステップと、前処理後の廃液を電気透析により酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液に分離して回収する回収ステップとを備える無機塩含有廃液の処理方法であって、
前記不純物除去ステップは、廃液に含まれる無機塩を晶析分離する塩分離ステップと、分離された無機塩の溶液を生成する溶解ステップとを備え、
前記回収ステップは、前記溶解ステップで生成された溶液に対して電気透析を行う無機塩含有廃液の処理方法。
An inorganic salt-containing waste liquid treatment method comprising an impurity removal step for removing impurities from a waste liquid containing an inorganic salt, and a recovery step for separating and recovering the pretreated waste liquid into an acid solution and an alkaline solution by electrodialysis. And
The impurity removal step comprises a salt separation step for crystallizing and separating inorganic salts contained in the waste liquid, and a dissolution step for producing a solution of the separated inorganic salts,
In the recovery step, the inorganic salt-containing waste liquid is treated by electrodialysis on the solution generated in the dissolution step.
前記塩分離ステップで生成されたろ液を蒸発濃縮する濃縮ステップを更に備え、
前記塩分離ステップは、濃縮後のろ液に残留する無機塩を晶析分離するステップを含む請求項1に記載の無機塩含有廃液の処理方法。
A concentration step of evaporating and concentrating the filtrate produced in the salt separation step;
The method for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid according to claim 1, wherein the salt separation step includes a step of crystallizing and separating the inorganic salt remaining in the filtrate after concentration.
前記濃縮ステップは、前記回収ステップで酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液が分離された希薄塩溶液を蒸発濃縮するステップを含む請求項2に記載の無機塩含有廃液の処理方法。 The method for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid according to claim 2, wherein the concentration step includes a step of evaporating and concentrating the diluted salt solution from which the acid solution and the alkali solution have been separated in the recovery step. 無機塩を含有する廃液から不純物を除去する不純物除去装置と、前処理後の廃液を電気透析により酸溶液およびアルカリ溶液に分離して回収する電気透析装置とを備える無機塩含有廃液の処理装置であって、
前記不純物除去装置は、廃液に含まれる無機塩を析出させる晶析装置と、析出した無機塩をろ液と分離する塩分離装置と、分離された無機塩の溶液を生成する溶解槽と、前記塩分離装置で生成されたろ液を蒸発濃縮する濃縮装置とを備えており、前記濃縮装置で生成された濃縮後のろ液を前記晶析装置に供給するように構成されている無機塩含有廃液の処理装置。
An apparatus for treating an inorganic salt-containing waste liquid comprising an impurity removing apparatus for removing impurities from a waste liquid containing an inorganic salt, and an electrodialysis apparatus for separating and recovering the pretreated waste liquid into an acid solution and an alkaline solution by electrodialysis. There,
The impurity removing device includes a crystallization device for precipitating inorganic salt contained in a waste liquid, a salt separation device for separating the precipitated inorganic salt from the filtrate, a dissolution tank for producing a solution of the separated inorganic salt, And a concentration device that evaporates and concentrates the filtrate produced by the salt separation device, and is configured to supply the filtrate after concentration produced by the concentration device to the crystallizer. Processing equipment.
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