JP4780386B2 - Tidal Flat Breakwater - Google Patents

Tidal Flat Breakwater Download PDF

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JP4780386B2
JP4780386B2 JP2005343684A JP2005343684A JP4780386B2 JP 4780386 B2 JP4780386 B2 JP 4780386B2 JP 2005343684 A JP2005343684 A JP 2005343684A JP 2005343684 A JP2005343684 A JP 2005343684A JP 4780386 B2 JP4780386 B2 JP 4780386B2
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breakwater
tidal flat
curved
dike
flat
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JP2007146535A (en
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要一 渡部
真志 佐々
隆宏 熊谷
勝哉 池野
公一 高田
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INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

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Description

本願発明は干潟防波堤に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a tidal flat breakwater.

従来、防波堤に対しては、外海から来襲する波浪を防ぐ物理的機能に重点が置かれ、自然環境との共生や海域における景観に対する配慮が欠けている例が多い。一方、近年、埋立による天然干潟の消滅を懸念した自然再生事業や、浚渫土有効利用の観点から各地で人工干潟が造成されている。   Conventionally, with respect to breakwaters, emphasis has been placed on physical functions to prevent waves coming from the open sea, and there are many examples lacking consideration for coexistence with the natural environment and landscapes in the sea area. On the other hand, in recent years, artificial tidal flats have been created in various places from the viewpoint of nature restoration projects concerned about the disappearance of natural tidal flats by landfill and effective use of dredged soil.

この人工干潟１９の代表的なものとして、図１０に示すように、防波堤の背後域に陸側２０から海側２１へと緩やかに下降する干潟表面２２を形成し、法面の先端部に設置された潜堤２３で波浪を減衰させるものが多く造成されている。また、この人工干潟１９の下層部に浚渫土を投入する一方、上層部には山砂または海砂による覆砂を行って波浪による干潟表面２２の安定性を確保している。   As a typical example of the artificial tidal flat 19, a tidal flat surface 22 that gently descends from the land side 20 to the sea side 21 is formed in the rear area of the breakwater, and is installed at the tip of the slope. Many of the submerged dike 23 are used to attenuate waves. In addition, dredged soil is poured into the lower layer of the artificial tidal flat 19, while the upper layer is covered with mountain sand or sea sand to ensure the stability of the tidal flat surface 22 due to waves.

このように防波堤の背後域に人工干潟１９を造成すると、波浪を防ぐ物理的機能のみでなく、自然共生型の機能を併せ持つことができる。この防波堤は、従来の防波堤と比較して海域の景観を良好にするが、人工干潟の安定性については、消波および流れの制御効果が小さく、長期的に安定性を確保するのが困難である。そこで防波堤を造成する場合、波および流れに対する人工干潟の安定性の確保が課題となっている。   Thus, when the artificial tidal flat 19 is created in the back area of the breakwater, not only the physical function to prevent waves but also the function of nature coexistence can be provided. This breakwater makes the seascape better than conventional breakwaters, but the stability of artificial tidal flats is less effective for wave suppression and flow control, making it difficult to ensure stability over the long term. is there. Therefore, when building a breakwater, securing the stability of the artificial tidal flat against waves and flows is an issue.

また、その他の防波堤としては、例えば特開２００３−２３９２４１号公報の発明がある。
特開２００３−２３９２４１号公報 Moreover, as another breakwater, there exists invention of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-239241, for example.
JP 2003-239241 A

しかし、上記の防波堤において波浪の減衰効果を期待した潜堤は、海底地盤の勾配がきつくなると、天端水深や天端幅の制約から消波効果が小さくなるため、波浪により人工干潟の大半が沖側に流出し、結果として生物の生息が困難な状況にある。また、陸側から海側へと緩やかに下降する干潟平面を形成すると、投入できる浚渫土量も少なくなり、浚渫土の有効利用という観点からは不向きな形状となっている。また、人工干潟を単に防波堤の背後域に設置する形状では、波浪の来襲時に防波堤の背後に誘起される流れ（海浜流）によって人工干潟が流出するため、流れを効果的に制御する機能を持った干潟防波堤を確保することが重要になる。   However, in the above-mentioned breakwater, the submerged dike expecting the wave attenuation effect will reduce the wave-dissipating effect due to the limitation of the depth of the seafloor and the width of the top edge of the seabed. As a result, it is difficult to inhabit the organisms. In addition, if a flat tidal flat that gently descends from the land side to the sea side is formed, the amount of dredged soil that can be thrown in will be reduced, making it unsuitable from the viewpoint of effective use of dredged soil. In addition, when the artificial tidal flat is simply installed behind the breakwater, the artificial tidal flat flows out due to the flow induced by the breakwater (the beach current) when a wave strikes, so it has a function to control the flow effectively. It is important to secure a tidal flat breakwater.

本願発明は上記のような問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、波浪の作用による人工干潟の移動・流出が低減されて長期的な安定性が得られるとともに、自然との共生および海域の景観を良好にする干潟防波堤を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to reduce long-term stability by reducing the movement and outflow of artificial tidal flats due to the action of waves, and to coexist with nature. The purpose is to provide a tidal flat breakwater that improves the seascape.

以上の課題を解決するための本願発明の干潟防波堤は、岸から適宜離れた沖合に防波堤が設置され、該防波堤と岸との間に防波堤側に開口した湾曲潜堤が設置され、該湾曲潜堤と防波堤とで囲まれた空間に干潟材が投入されて干潟部が形成されたことを特徴とする。また湾曲潜堤は防波堤よりも短いことを含む。また防波堤は潜堤側に開口した湾曲状であることを含む。また防波堤の両端部には円錐台形の消波潜堤が設置され、該消波潜堤には湾曲潜堤側に伸びる土留潜堤が設置されたことを含む。また防波堤の両端部には湾曲潜堤側に伸びる土留潜堤が設置されたことを含む。干潟材は防波堤側に向かって漸次高くなった傾斜面または水平面であることを含む。また波浪の作用により湾曲潜堤の背後に形成された岸から伸びるトンボロと湾曲潜堤との間に投入材が投入されて、干潟部と岸とが繋がれたことを含むものである。   The tidal flat breakwater of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is that a breakwater is installed offshore as appropriate, and a curved submergence opening on the breakwater side is installed between the breakwater and the shore. The feature is that the tidal flat part is formed by throwing tidal flat materials into the space surrounded by the dike and breakwater. In addition, the curved submerged bank is shorter than the breakwater. In addition, the breakwater includes a curved shape opened to the submerged dam side. In addition, a frustoconical breakwater dike is installed at both ends of the breakwater, and the breakwater dike is installed with earth retaining dike extending toward the curved dike. In addition, it is included that the earth retaining dike extending to the curved dike side was installed at both ends of the breakwater. The tidal flat material includes an inclined surface or a horizontal surface that gradually increases toward the breakwater side. It also includes that the tidal flat and the shore were connected by the input material being thrown in between the dragonfly extending from the shore formed behind the curved submarine due to the action of the waves and the curved submerged dike.

自然共生型の機能を持つ干潟防波堤が形成されると共に、海域の景観が改善されることにより、従来の無機質な空間から人々にとってのアミニティ空間および親水空間が海域に創造される。また防波堤の背後部に形成される干潟部が防波堤の耐波安定性を向上させる。また防波堤と岸との間に設置した湾曲潜堤により、防波堤背後域において波によって誘起される流れが抑制されるため、人工干潟の移動・流出が低減されて長期的な安定性が得られる。また防波堤の端部に設置した消波潜堤によって波浪による洗掘を低減し、回折による部分透過によってアサリなどの生物生息に必要な海水交換ができる。   Along with the formation of a tidal flat breakwater that functions as a symbiotic nature, the landscape of the sea area is improved, creating an aminity space and a hydrophilic space for people from the conventional inorganic space. In addition, the tidal flat formed behind the breakwater improves the breakwater stability of the breakwater. In addition, the curved submarine installed between the breakwater and the shore suppresses the wave-induced flow in the area behind the breakwater, thus reducing the movement and outflow of artificial tidal flats and providing long-term stability. In addition, wave scouring can be reduced by the wave breakwater installed at the end of the breakwater, and seawater exchange necessary for living creatures such as clams can be achieved by partial transmission by diffraction.

以下、本願発明の干潟防波堤の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。この干潟防波堤についての各実施の形態において同じ構成は同じ符号を使用して説明し、異なった構成にのみ異なった符号を付して説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the tidal flat breakwater of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment of the tidal flat breakwater, the same configuration will be described using the same reference numerals, and only different configurations will be described with different reference numerals.

図１〜図３は、第１の実施の形態の干潟防波堤１である。この干潟防波堤１は、岸２から適宜離れた沖合に設置された岸側へ向かって開口した平面弓形の防波堤３と、この防波堤３と岸２との間に設置された防波堤側へ向かって開口した平面弓形の湾曲潜堤４と、これら防波堤３と湾曲潜堤４とで囲まれた空間に投入された土砂などの干潟材５とからなる干潟部６とで構成され、この干潟部６が防波堤側から岸側に向かって緩やかに下降傾斜する傾斜面７または水平面になっており、この両側も外側に向かって下降傾斜する傾斜面８であり、この傾斜面８が先端に向かって漸次狭くなった平面三角形になっている。   1-3 is the tidal flat breakwater 1 of 1st Embodiment. The tidal flat breakwater 1 is a flat-bow-shaped breakwater 3 that opens to the shore side that is set off from the shore 2 as appropriate, and opens toward the breakwater side that is installed between the breakwater 3 and the shore 2 The flat arch-shaped curved submergence 4 and the tidal flat part 6 composed of the tidal flat material 5 such as earth and sand introduced into the space surrounded by the breakwater 3 and the curved submerged dike 4 An inclined surface 7 or a horizontal surface that gently slopes downward from the breakwater side toward the shore side, and both sides are inclined surfaces 8 that slope downward toward the outside. The inclined surface 8 gradually narrows toward the tip. It becomes a flat triangle.

上記の湾曲潜堤４は断面台形または断面凸形で防波堤の長さＬよりも短く、防波堤の長さＬに対して、０．３〜０．８Ｌの長さで、かつ防波堤３から０．５〜１．５Ｌの位置に設置することが好ましい。これは湾曲潜堤４に流れの制御効果を適切に発揮させるとともに、波の直接の浸食作用を防いで干潟材５が流出したり、洗堀されて不安定になるのを抑えるためである。   The curved submerged bank 4 is trapezoidal or convex in section, shorter than the breakwater length L, 0.3 to 0.8 L relative to the breakwater length L, and from the breakwater 3 to 0. It is preferable to install at a position of 5 to 1.5 L. This is to allow the curved submerged bank 4 to properly exert the flow control effect and to prevent the tideland material 5 from flowing out or being scoured and becoming unstable by preventing direct erosion of the waves.

一方、防波堤３も岸側に向かって開口した平面弓形であり、両端部に円錐台形の消波潜堤９が形成され、この消波潜堤９には湾曲潜堤側に向かって伸びる断面台形の土留潜堤１０が形成されている。このように防波堤３と土留潜堤１０、および両端部が土留潜堤側に伸びる湾曲潜堤４とで干潟部６が囲まれているため、干潟材５の流れによる移動・流出が効果的に抑えられる。また、この消波潜堤９は干潟部６への波の部分透過を許容し、アサリなどの底生生物の生息に必要な海水交換を促進する機能を有するため、干潟部６が底生生物の生息場所ともなる。   On the other hand, the breakwater 3 also has a flat bow shape that opens toward the shore side, and frustoconical wave breakwater 9 is formed at both ends, and the wave breakwater 9 has a trapezoidal cross section extending toward the curved breakwater side. The earth retaining submarine 10 is formed. Thus, since the tidal flat portion 6 is surrounded by the breakwater 3 and the earth retaining dike 10 and the curved submerged dike 4 whose both ends extend toward the dirt retaining dike, the movement and outflow due to the flow of the tidal flat material 5 is effectively performed. It can be suppressed. In addition, the wave breakwater 9 allows the partial penetration of waves to the tidal flat 6 and has a function of promoting the exchange of seawater necessary for the inhabiting of benthic organisms such as clams, so that the tidal flat 6 is benthic. It is also a habitat of

また、図４は消波潜堤９を設けずに平面弓形の防波堤３の両端部に湾曲潜堤側に向かって伸びる断面台形の土留潜堤１０を形成したものであり、消波潜堤９が形成されていない以外は、上記の干潟防波堤１と同じ構成である。   Further, FIG. 4 shows a structure in which a trapezoidal earth retaining dike 10 having a trapezoidal cross section extending toward the curved dike side is formed at both ends of the flat bow-shaped breakwater 3 without providing the wave breaking dike 9. Except that is not formed, it has the same configuration as the tidal flat breakwater 1 described above.

図５は、湾曲潜堤４を設置しない場合と、湾曲潜堤４を設置した場合の海浜流の解析結果の一例である入射波高１ｍのときのものを示したものであり、湾曲潜堤４を設置しない場合の干潟部上の平均流速が０．１２ｍ／ｓであるのに対して、湾曲潜堤４を設置した場合の干潟部上の平均流速が０．０７ｍ／ｓであるため、湾曲潜堤４を設置した方が干潟部上の平均流速は小さくなっている。   FIG. 5 shows a case where the incident wave height is 1 m, which is an example of the analysis result of the beach current when the curved submerged bank 4 is not installed and when the curved submerged bank 4 is installed. Since the average flow velocity on the tidal flat when not installed is 0.12 m / s, the average flow velocity on the tidal flat when installing the curved submarine 4 is 0.07 m / s. The average flow velocity on the tidal flat is smaller when the submarine 4 is installed.

また図６は、図５の（１）および（２）における代表測線１１、１２上における海浜流の解析結果の一例を示したものであり、これによると湾曲潜堤４を設置しない場合の干潟部上の流速よりも、湾曲潜堤４を設置した場合の干潟部上の流速の方が小さくなっている。   Moreover, FIG. 6 shows an example of the analysis result of the beach current on the representative survey lines 11 and 12 in (1) and (2) of FIG. 5, and according to this, the tidal flat when the curved submergence 4 is not installed is shown. The flow velocity on the tidal flat when the curved submergence 4 is installed is smaller than the flow velocity on the portion.

このことにより干潟材５の波浪と流れによる移動・流出が効果的に抑えられるという、上記の効果を確認することができた。なお、上記の防波堤３は平面弓形で説明したが、これは平面弓形に限らず、直線状であっても良い。   As a result, it was possible to confirm the above-mentioned effect that the movement and outflow due to the waves and flow of the tidal flat material 5 were effectively suppressed. In addition, although the said breakwater 3 was demonstrated with the planar arch shape, this may not be limited to a planar arch shape but may be linear.

また、図７および図８は、第２の実施の形態の干潟防波堤１３である。この干潟防波堤１３は、波浪の作用により湾曲潜堤４の背後に形成された岸２から伸びるトンボロ１４を利用し、このトンボロ１４と湾曲潜堤４との間に土砂、砂、礫、石または造粒物などの投入材１５を投入して干潟部５と岸２とを繋いだものであり、これ以外は第１の実施の形態の干潟防波堤１と同じ構成である。このようにトンボロ１４に土砂１５を追加すると、これが干潮のときに連絡路１６となって干潟部６へ人が歩いて渡れるようになる。   7 and 8 show a tidal flat breakwater 13 according to the second embodiment. The tidal flat breakwater 13 uses a dragonfly 14 extending from the shore 2 formed behind the curved submerged dam 4 due to the action of waves, and earth, sand, gravel, stone or stone between the dragonfly 14 and the curved submerged dam 4. An input material 15 such as a granulated material is input to connect the tidal flat portion 5 and the shore 2, and the other configuration is the same as that of the tidal flat breakwater 1 of the first embodiment. When the earth and sand 15 is added to the dragonfly 14 in this way, when it is at low tide, it becomes a connecting path 16 and people can walk across the tidal flat part 6.

また、図９は、第３の実施の形態の干潟防波堤１７、１８である。このうちの図（１）の干潟防波堤１７は、防波堤３を平面弓形から直線状に変え、かつ消波潜堤９および土留潜堤１０を撤去したものであり、これ以外は第２の実施の形態の干潟防波堤１３と同じ構成であり、同じ効果を奏するものである。また図（２）の干潟防波堤１８は、所定の方向に傾斜した直線状の防波堤３に対して、平面弓形の湾曲潜堤４と土留潜堤１０とを設置したものであり、これ以外は図（２）の干潟防波堤１７と同じ構成であり、同じ効果を奏するものである。これは湾曲潜堤４が直線状の防波堤３に対して所定の角度に傾斜して形成されたものである。   FIG. 9 shows tidal flat breakwaters 17 and 18 according to the third embodiment. Of these, the tidal flat breakwater 17 in FIG. (1) is obtained by changing the breakwater 3 from a flat bow to a straight line and removing the breakwater dike 9 and the earth retaining dike 10; It has the same structure as the tidal flat breakwater 13 and has the same effect. In addition, the tidal flat breakwater 18 in FIG. 2 is a straight breakwater 3 inclined in a predetermined direction, and a flat bow-shaped curved submergence line 4 and a retaining ring dike 10 are installed. It has the same structure as the tidal flat breakwater 17 of (2) and has the same effect. In this structure, the curved submerged wall 4 is formed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the straight breakwater 3.

第１の実施の形態の干潟防波堤の平面図である。It is a top view of the tidal flat breakwater of 1st Embodiment. 第１の実施の形態の干潟防波堤の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the tidal flat breakwater of 1st Embodiment. （１）は図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図、（２）は同Ｂ−Ｂ線断面図である。(1) is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 1, (2) is the sectional view on the BB line. 消波潜堤を形成しない干潟防波堤の平面図である。It is a top view of a tidal flat breakwater that does not form a wave breaker. 湾曲潜堤を設置しない場合と湾曲潜堤を設置した場合の海浜流の解析結果を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the analysis result of the beach current when not installing a curved submerged bank and installing a curved submerged bank. 図５の（１）および（２）における代表測線上の海浜流の解析結果を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the analysis result of the beach current on the typical survey line in (1) and (2) of FIG. 第２の実施の形態の干潟防波堤の平面図である。It is a top view of the tidal flat breakwater of 2nd Embodiment. （１）は図７のＣ−Ｃ線断面図、（２）は同Ｄ−Ｄ線断面図である。(1) is the CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 7, (2) is the DD sectional view taken on the line. （１）および（２）は第３の実施の形態の干潟防波堤の平面図である。(1) And (2) is a top view of the tidal flat breakwater of 3rd Embodiment. 従来の干潟防波堤の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the conventional tidal flat breakwater.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１、１３、１７、１８ 干潟防波堤
２ 岸
３ 防波堤
４ 湾曲潜堤
５ 干潟材
６ 干潟部
７、８ 傾斜面
９ 消波潜堤
１０ 土留潜堤
１１、１２ 代表側線
１４ トンボロ
１５ 投入材
１６ 連絡路
１９ 人工干潟
２０ 陸側
２１ 海側
２２ 干潟表面
２３ 潜堤 1, 13, 17, 18 Tidal Flat Breakwater 2 Banks 3 Breakwater 4 Curved Submarine 5 Tidal Flat Material 6 Tidal Flat Section 7, 8 Inclined Surface 9 Wave Breaking Submerged 10 Distillation Submarine 11, 12 Representative Side Line 14 Tonboro 15 Input Material 16 Connection Road 19 Artificial tidal flat 20 Land side 21 Sea side 22 Tidal flat surface 23 Submarine

Claims (7)

岸から適宜離れた沖合に防波堤が設置され、該防波堤と岸との間に防波堤側に向けて開口した湾曲潜堤が設置され、該湾曲潜堤と防波堤とで囲まれた空間に干潟材が投入されて干潟部が形成されたことを特徴とする干潟防波堤。   A breakwater is installed offshore as appropriate from the shore, a curved submarine opened toward the breakwater side is installed between the breakwater and the shore, and tidal flat material is placed in the space surrounded by the curved submerged wall and the breakwater. A tidal flat breakwater characterized by the formation of a tidal flat. 湾曲潜堤は防波堤よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の干潟防波堤。   The tidal flat breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the curved submarine is shorter than the breakwater. 防波堤は潜堤側に向かって開口した平面弓形であることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の干潟防波堤。   The tidal flat breakwater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the breakwater has a flat bow shape opening toward the submerged breakwater side. 防波堤の両端部には円錐台形の消波潜堤が設置され、該消波潜堤には湾曲潜堤側に伸びる土留潜堤が設置されたことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の干潟防波堤。   4. A frustoconical wave breakwater dike is installed at both ends of the breakwater, and an earth retaining dike extending toward the curved dike is installed in the wave breakwater. The tidal flat breakwater described in. 防波堤の両端部には湾曲潜堤側に伸びる土留潜堤が設置されたことを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の干潟防波堤。   The tidal flat breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein earth retaining dike extending toward the curved submerged wall is installed at both ends of the breakwater. 干潟部は防波堤側から岸側に向かって緩やかに下降傾斜する傾斜面または水平面になっていることを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の干潟防波堤。   The tidal flat breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tidal flat portion is an inclined surface or a horizontal plane that gently descends and slopes from the breakwater side toward the shore side. 波浪の作用により湾曲潜堤の背後に形成された岸から伸びるトンボロと湾曲潜堤との間に投入材が投入されて、干潟部と岸とが繋がれたことを特徴とする請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の干潟防波堤。   The input material is thrown in between the dragonfly extended from the shore formed behind the curved submerged by the action of waves and the curved submerged dike, and the tidal flat and the shore are connected. The tidal flat breakwater according to any one of 6 above.
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