JP4768487B2 - Dissimilar material joining method - Google Patents

Dissimilar material joining method Download PDF

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JP4768487B2
JP4768487B2 JP2006086338A JP2006086338A JP4768487B2 JP 4768487 B2 JP4768487 B2 JP 4768487B2 JP 2006086338 A JP2006086338 A JP 2006086338A JP 2006086338 A JP2006086338 A JP 2006086338A JP 4768487 B2 JP4768487 B2 JP 4768487B2
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iron
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松本　　剛
誠二 笹部
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Kobe Steel Ltd
Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、自動車の各種構造材等として使用されるアルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料との複合構造体を得るための異材接合方法において、特に、ろう材及びフラックスを使用しない異材接合方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a dissimilar material joining method for obtaining a composite structure of an aluminum-based material and an iron-based material used as various structural materials for automobiles, and more particularly to a dissimilar material joining method that does not use brazing material and flux.

自動車の各種構造材は、その軽量化のために、一部アルミニウム系材料が使用されており、このため、鉄系材料とアルミニウム系材料との異材同士を接合する方法の開発が要望されている。従来の異材接合方法としては、アルミニウム系のろう材を使用するろう付けが一般的である（特許文献１及び２、非特許文献１）。同種材料同士を接合する方法として一般的に使用されているレーザ溶接等の溶融溶接方法を、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との異材接合に適用すると、アルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料との界面に、Ａｌ３Ｆｅ等の脆いＡｌ−Ｆｅ系金属間化合物が生成し、これがアルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との間の接合強度を著しく低下させるからである。 Various structural materials for automobiles use some aluminum-based materials to reduce their weight. For this reason, development of a method for joining different materials of iron-based materials and aluminum-based materials is desired. . As a conventional dissimilar material joining method, brazing using an aluminum brazing material is common (Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Document 1). When a fusion welding method such as laser welding, which is generally used as a method for joining the same kind of materials, is applied to dissimilar joining of an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material, an aluminum-based material and an iron-based material This is because a brittle Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound such as Al 3 Fe is formed at the interface between the aluminum-based weld and the joint strength between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material.

また、ろう付けではなく、スポット溶接によりアルミニウム系材料と鉄系材料とを接合する方法もある。更に、異種金属のレーザロール方法も提案されている（特許文献３）。この方法は、第１金属板のみをレーザ照射によって加熱した後、その第１金属板の加熱部を圧接ローラによって第２金属板に押圧して密着させ、塑性変形を与えることによって両金属板を接合するものである。   There is also a method of joining an aluminum material and an iron material by spot welding instead of brazing. Furthermore, a laser roll method of dissimilar metals has also been proposed (Patent Document 3). In this method, after heating only the first metal plate by laser irradiation, the heated portion of the first metal plate is pressed against the second metal plate by a pressure roller, and both metal plates are subjected to plastic deformation. It is what is joined.

特開平７−１４８５７１号公報JP 7-148571 A 特開平１０−３１４９３３号公報JP 10-314933 A 特許第３５３５１５２号公報Japanese Patent No. 3535152 溶接学会論文集第２２巻第２号ｐ３１５−３２２（２００４）Journal of the Japan Welding Society Vol.22, No.2, p315-322 (2004)

しかしながら、上記従来の異材接合方法は、以下に示す欠点を有する。先ず、ろう付けによる異材接合方法は、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材との間に、ろう材を挿入する必要があるため、接合コストが高くなるという問題点がある。   However, the conventional dissimilar material joining method has the following drawbacks. First, the dissimilar material joining method by brazing has a problem that the joining cost increases because it is necessary to insert a brazing material between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material.

更に、スポット溶接の場合は、線接合ではなく、点接合であるため、接合点間の部分で、液体又は気体が通過するため、被接合材間を、気密的又は液密的に封止することができない。また、スポット溶接は、片面からのみ接合作業するということができず、重ね部の両面に電極を配置する必要があるため、接合作業に制約がある。   Further, in the case of spot welding, since it is not line bonding but point bonding, liquid or gas passes through the portion between the bonding points, so that the materials to be bonded are hermetically or liquid-tightly sealed. I can't. In addition, spot welding cannot be performed from one side only, and it is necessary to dispose electrodes on both sides of the overlapping portion, so that there is a limitation in the joining operation.

更にまた、ロール接合においては、異材同士をロールにより加圧する必要があり、大がかりな装置が必要であるという難点がある。   Furthermore, in roll joining, it is necessary to press different materials with a roll, and there exists a difficulty that a large-scale apparatus is required.

本発明はかかる問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、アルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材とを、ろう材を使用せずに、レーザ溶接することができ、容易かつ低コストで異材同士を接合することができる異材接合方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can easily and inexpensively weld an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material without using a brazing material. It aims at providing the different material joining method which can join dissimilar materials.

本発明に係る異材接合方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部に、ビーム形状がその照射面において扁平した形状を有するレーザ光を、レーザ光の長手方向と溶接線垂直方向のなす角θが−３０°以上３０°以下の角度で照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする。 The dissimilar material joining method according to the present invention is a dissimilar material joining method in which an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material are laser-welded, and the iron-based welded material has aluminum or aluminum on its surface. Using an aluminum-based coating layer made of an alloy, placing the aluminum-based welded material on the laser irradiation source side to form a lap joint on the iron-based welded material, The laser beam having a shape in which the beam shape is flat on the irradiated surface at the overlapping portion with the iron-based workpiece, and the angle θ between the longitudinal direction of the laser beam and the direction perpendicular to the welding line is −30 ° to 30 ° angle in irradiating the aluminum-based target is melted by heat conduction type melting heating said aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based workpieces by irradiating portion To bond the contact member and the ferrous material to be welded without the use of brazing material and flux to said.

本発明に係る他の異材接合方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の端部と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に、ビーム形状がその照射面において扁平した形状を有するレーザ光を、レーザ光の長手方向と溶接線垂直方向のなす角θが−３０°以上３０°以下の角度で照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする。 Another dissimilar material joining method according to the present invention is a dissimilar material joining method in which an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material are laser-welded. Alternatively, a material having an aluminum-based coating layer made of an aluminum alloy is used, the aluminum-based welded material is disposed on the laser irradiation source side, a lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material, and the aluminum-based welded At the same time, the laser beam having a flat beam shape on the irradiated surface is applied to the overlapping portion of the end of the material and the iron-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece, and the longitudinal direction of the laser beam and the direction perpendicular to the welding line angle θ is irradiated at an angle of less than 30 ° -30 ° or more, the heat conduction type melting heating said aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based workpieces by irradiating portion Melted, characterized in that bonding the ferrous material to be welded and the aluminum-based workpieces without using the brazing material and flux.

本発明に係る他の異材接合方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部に、表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする。 Another dissimilar material joining method according to the present invention is a dissimilar material joining method in which an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material are laser-welded. Alternatively, a material having an aluminum-based coating layer made of an aluminum alloy is used, the aluminum-based welded material is disposed on the laser irradiation source side, a lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material, and the aluminum-based welded A laser beam that does not focus on the surface is irradiated to the overlapping part of the material and the iron-based welded material, and the aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material are melted by heat conduction melting heating in the irradiated part. The aluminum welded material and the iron welded material are joined without using a brazing material and a flux.

本発明に係る他の異材接合方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の端部と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に、表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする。 Another dissimilar material joining method according to the present invention is a dissimilar material joining method in which an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material are laser-welded. Alternatively, a material having an aluminum-based coating layer made of an aluminum alloy is used, the aluminum-based welded material is disposed on the laser irradiation source side, a lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material, and the aluminum-based welded Simultaneously irradiate the laser beam that does not focus on the surface to the overlapped portion of the end of the material and the iron-based welded material and the iron-based welded material, and at the irradiated portion, the aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material joining the iron and the aluminum-based workpieces of wood is melted by heat conduction type melting heating the material to be welded without the use of brazing material and flux And features.

本発明によれば、ろう材を使用せずにアルミニウム系被溶接材と鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接することができるので、容易且つ低コストで、また、大がかりな装置を使用せずに、異材同士を接合することができる。そして、本発明は、点接合ではなく、線接合であるので、異材同士を接合部が封密的になるように接合することができる。   According to the present invention, since it is possible to laser weld an aluminum-based welded material and an iron-based welded material without using a brazing material, it is easy and low-cost, and without using a large-scale apparatus. Different materials can be joined together. And since this invention is not a point joining but a line joining, it can join dissimilar materials so that a junction part may become sealed.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付の図面を参照して具体的に説明する。図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合方法を示す斜視図、図２は接合部の断面図である。鉄系被溶接材としての鋼板１と、アルミニウム系（アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金）被溶接材としてのアルミニウム系板２とをその端部で重ね合わせ、重ね部３を、その端部に沿ってレーザ光１０の照射により溶接する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a dissimilar material joining method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a joining portion. A steel plate 1 as an iron-based welded material and an aluminum-based plate 2 as an aluminum-based (aluminum or aluminum alloy) welded material are overlapped at the end, and the overlapped portion 3 is laser light along the end. Weld by irradiation of 10.

鋼板１には、その表面にアルミニウム系被覆層４が被覆されている。この被覆層４は、溶融めっき又は溶射等の手段により形成することができる。この被覆層４は、純アルミニウム又は、例えば、１２％以下のＳｉ及び５％以下のＦｅが含まれたアルミニウム合金である。鋼板１としては、軟鋼、高張力鋼、ステンレス鋼等種々の鋼材を適用することができ、また、鉄系被溶接材としては、その形状は板材に限らず、形鋼等にも適用できる。   The surface of the steel plate 1 is covered with an aluminum coating layer 4. This coating layer 4 can be formed by means such as hot dipping or thermal spraying. The covering layer 4 is pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy containing, for example, 12% or less of Si and 5% or less of Fe. As the steel plate 1, various steel materials such as mild steel, high-tensile steel, and stainless steel can be applied. Further, as the iron-based welded material, the shape is not limited to the plate material, and can be applied to a shape steel or the like.

アルミニウム系板２としては、純アルミニウム及び種々のアルミニウム合金を適用することができる。また、アルミニウム系板２の形状としては、全体が板材である場合に限らず、重ね部３において、板状になっていればよく、種々の形状の形材等にも適用することができる。   As the aluminum-based plate 2, pure aluminum and various aluminum alloys can be applied. In addition, the shape of the aluminum-based plate 2 is not limited to the case where the whole is a plate material, but may be a plate shape in the overlapping portion 3 and can be applied to various shapes and the like.

次に、本実施形態の異材接合方法の動作について説明する。先ず、アルミニウム系板２をレーザ光の照射源側に配置して、その端部を鋼板１の端部上に重ね、重ね部３に重ね隅肉継手を構成する。そして、図２に示すように、この重ね部３にＹＡＧ、半導体等のレーザ光を照射すると、レーザ光による熱伝導型加熱によって、アルミニウム系板２が部分的に溶融すると共に、鋼板１の表面に形成されたアルミニウム系被覆層４が溶融し、安定した品質の異材接合継手を容易に得ることができる。この鋼板１はその表面にアルミニウム系被覆層が形成されているので、レーザ光の照射によりアルミニウム系板２と共にアルミニウム系被覆層４も溶融するため、両被溶接材は、極めて親和性が高く、安定した溶接接合継手が得られる。   Next, the operation of the dissimilar material joining method of this embodiment will be described. First, the aluminum-based plate 2 is arranged on the laser beam irradiation source side, and its end portion is overlapped on the end portion of the steel plate 1, and a lap fillet joint is formed on the overlap portion 3. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, when this overlap portion 3 is irradiated with laser light such as YAG or semiconductor, the aluminum-based plate 2 is partially melted by the heat conduction type heating by the laser light, and the surface of the steel plate 1 The aluminum-based coating layer 4 thus formed melts, and a dissimilar joint joint with stable quality can be easily obtained. Since this steel plate 1 has an aluminum-based coating layer formed on the surface thereof, the aluminum-based coating layer 4 is also melted together with the aluminum-based plate 2 by the irradiation of the laser beam. A stable welded joint can be obtained.

本発明では、レーザ光１０の照射面におけるビーム形状は重ね代である溶接線垂直方向に延びた形状を有する。図３はこの照射面におけるレーザ光１０のビーム形状を示す図であり、（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は平面図である。鋼板１の端部上にアルミニウム系板２の端部が重ねられ、重ね部３として、重ね継手が形成されている。この重ね部３の端部に沿う溶接線を、図中矢印にて示す溶接方向にレーザビーム１０を移動させて、被覆材４及び重ね部３のアルミニウム系材２を溶融させ、溶融部１１を形成する。このレーザ溶接に使用するレーザ光１０の照射面におけるビーム形状は、図３（ｂ）に示すように、溶接線に垂直の方向、即ち、溶接方向に垂直の方向に延びた扁平形状を有するものである。接合部の引張強度は、溶融接合された溶融ビードの幅に支配されており、その幅を広くすればするほど、接合部の幅が広くなり、接合部の引張強さを高く確保できる。よって、このレーザ光１０の照射面におけるビーム形状は、図３（ｂ）に示すように、溶接線方向に垂直の方向に扁平した形状とする。   In the present invention, the beam shape on the irradiation surface of the laser beam 10 has a shape extending in the direction perpendicular to the welding line, which is an overlap margin. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the beam shape of the laser beam 10 on the irradiated surface, where FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a plan view. An end portion of the aluminum-based plate 2 is overlapped on the end portion of the steel plate 1, and a lap joint is formed as the overlap portion 3. The laser beam 10 is moved in the welding direction indicated by the arrow in the drawing along the end of the overlap portion 3 to melt the covering material 4 and the aluminum-based material 2 of the overlap portion 3, Form. The beam shape on the irradiation surface of the laser beam 10 used for this laser welding has a flat shape extending in a direction perpendicular to the welding line, that is, a direction perpendicular to the welding direction, as shown in FIG. It is. The tensile strength of the joint is governed by the width of the melt-bonded melt bead. The wider the width, the wider the joint and the higher the tensile strength of the joint. Therefore, the beam shape on the irradiation surface of the laser beam 10 is flattened in a direction perpendicular to the welding line direction as shown in FIG.

また、図４に示すように、同様の扁平形状のビーム形状であれば、その扁平の長手方向が溶接線方向に対して−３０°以上３０°以下の角度θで傾斜していてもよい。角度θが３０°マイナスまたは３０°を超えた場合は、接合部の幅が狭くなるため、接合後の引張強さが低くなる。   Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, if the beam shape has the same flat shape, the longitudinal direction of the flat shape may be inclined at an angle θ of −30 ° to 30 ° with respect to the weld line direction. When the angle θ is minus 30 ° or exceeds 30 °, the width of the joint becomes narrow, so that the tensile strength after joining becomes low.

次に、本発明の請求項２の実施形態について図５を参照して説明する。図５（ａ）は正面図（ｂ）は平面図である。本図に示すように、レーザ光を前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に照射することができる。このように照射することで、アルミニウム系被溶接材の溶融した熱だけでなく鉄系被溶接材にもレーザ光による熱が直接加わるため、鉄系被溶接材表面の被覆層の溶融が促進され、より高速度の接合速度で接合でき、且つ溶融した被覆層とアルミニウム系被溶接材溶融部との融合性を高めて継手性能が向上する。   Next, an embodiment of claim 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5A is a front view and FIG. 5B is a plan view. As shown in this figure, the laser beam can be simultaneously applied to the overlapping portion of the aluminum-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece. By irradiating in this way, heat from the laser beam is directly applied not only to the molten heat of the aluminum-based workpiece but also to the iron-based workpiece, so the melting of the coating layer on the surface of the iron-based workpiece is accelerated. The joint performance can be improved by increasing the fusion between the melted coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material melted portion, which can be joined at a higher joining speed.

図６に示すように、本実施形態においても、同様の扁平形状のビーム形状であればその扁平の長手方向が溶接線方向に対して−３０°以上３０°以下の角度θで傾斜していてもよい。角度θが−３０°以上３０°以下から外れた場合は、接合部の幅が狭くなるため、接合後の引張強さが低くなる。   As shown in FIG. 6, also in this embodiment, if the beam shape has the same flat shape, the longitudinal direction of the flat is inclined at an angle θ of −30 ° to 30 ° with respect to the weld line direction. Also good. When the angle θ deviates from −30 ° or more and 30 ° or less, the width of the joint portion becomes narrow, so that the tensile strength after joining becomes low.

なお、溶接線方向のビームのサイズは特に規定しないが、従来のレーザ溶接のビーム径に該当する１ｍｍ未満の長さがあればアルミニウム系材が溶融することから、１ｍｍ未満が望ましい。   The beam size in the direction of the weld line is not particularly defined. However, if the length is less than 1 mm corresponding to the beam diameter of conventional laser welding, the aluminum-based material will melt, and it is preferably less than 1 mm.

本発明の請求項３の実施形成について説明する。図７（ａ）は正面図（ｂ）は平面図である。本図に示すように、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部に、表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を照射することで、溶融ビードの幅が広くなり、その結果、接合部の引張強さを高く確保できる。   Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7A is a front view and FIG. 7B is a plan view. As shown in the figure, the width of the molten bead is widened by irradiating the overlapping portion between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material with a laser beam that does not focus on the surface. The tensile strength of the joint can be secured high.

本発明の請求項４の実施形態について図８（ａ）、（ｂ）を参照して説明する。表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を用いた場合でも、レーザ光を前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に照射することができる。このように照射することで、アルミニウム系被溶接材の溶融した熱だけでなく鉄系被溶接材にもレーザ光による熱が直接加わるため、鉄系被溶接材表面の被覆層の溶融が促進されより高速度の接合速度で接合でき、且つ溶融した被覆層とアルミニウム系被溶接材溶融部との融合性を高めて継手性能が向上する。   A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b). Even when a laser beam that does not focus on the surface is used, the laser beam can be simultaneously applied to the overlapping portion of the aluminum-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece and the iron-based workpiece. By irradiating in this way, heat from the laser beam is directly applied not only to the molten heat of the aluminum-based workpiece but also to the iron-based workpiece, so the melting of the coating layer on the surface of the iron-based workpiece is accelerated. Joining can be performed at a higher joining speed, and the joint performance is improved by enhancing the fusion between the melted coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material melting portion.

以下、本発明の扁平ビームの角度について、さらに詳細に説明する。図１に示す重ね隅肉継手を構成した。供試材は、アルミニウム系板２がＪＩＳＡ５１８２Ｐ−Ｏ材であり、その板厚は１ｍｍである。鋼板１はアルミニウムめっき鋼板であり、板厚は１ｍｍである。アルミニウムめっき層のめっき量は、６０ｇ／ｍ２であった。一方、比較例としては、めっきを施さない鋼板（板厚１ｍｍ）を使用した。 Hereinafter, the angle of the flat beam of the present invention will be described in more detail. The lap fillet joint shown in FIG. 1 was constructed. In the test material, the aluminum-based plate 2 is a JIS A5182P-O material, and the plate thickness is 1 mm. The steel plate 1 is an aluminized steel plate, and the plate thickness is 1 mm. The plating amount of the aluminum plating layer was 60 g / m 2 . On the other hand, as a comparative example, a steel plate (plate thickness 1 mm) not subjected to plating was used.

図１に示すように、アルミニウム系板２と鋼板１の両端部を重ねあわせ、アルミニウム系板２側から、半導体レーザを使用してアルミニウム系板２が熱伝導型となる溶融加熱を行った。レーザ溶接条件は、出力が４．０ｋＷ、溶接速度が１．５ｍ／分とした。なお、水平照射位置におけるビーム径は０．６ｍｍ×５ｍｍとなっていた。   As shown in FIG. 1, both ends of the aluminum-based plate 2 and the steel plate 1 were overlapped, and the aluminum-based plate 2 was melted and heated from the aluminum-based plate 2 side using a semiconductor laser so that the aluminum-based plate 2 became a heat conduction type. The laser welding conditions were an output of 4.0 kW and a welding speed of 1.5 m / min. The beam diameter at the horizontal irradiation position was 0.6 mm × 5 mm.

このようにしてレーザ溶接した重ね隅肉継手について、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２２０１ ５号試験片に加工した後、引張試験を行った。引張破断強度及び破断位置を下記表１に示す。なお、表１の評価欄は引張破断強度を分類したものであり、◎は「とくに良好に接合」、○は「接合」、△は「接合するが弱い」、×は「全く接合せず」を示す。   The lap fillet joint thus laser welded was processed into a JIS Z2201 No. 5 test piece and then subjected to a tensile test. The tensile strength at break and the break position are shown in Table 1 below. The evaluation column in Table 1 classifies the tensile strength at break. ◎ is “particularly well joined”, ○ is “joined”, △ is “joined but weak”, and × is “not joined at all”. Indicates.

Figure 0004768487
Figure 0004768487

この表１に示すように、アルミニウム系被覆層（めっき層）４を有しない比較例１０乃至１２の場合は、鋼板とアルミニウム系板とが直接接触しているので、レーザ光を照射しても、重ね部で溶融接合が生じることはない。   As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Examples 10 to 12 that do not have the aluminum-based coating layer (plating layer) 4, the steel plate and the aluminum-based plate are in direct contact with each other. In addition, melt bonding does not occur in the overlapping portion.

さらに、鋼側にまたがってレーザを照射した例では、さらに引張強度が高くなり、良好な接合となった。 Furthermore, in the example in which the laser was applied across the steel side, the tensile strength was further increased and good bonding was achieved.

これに対し、実施例１乃至5はアルミニウム系被覆層（めっき層）を有すると共に、接合重ね方向にビームが扁平に照射されているため、実質接合部の幅が大きく、強度が十分に高くなった。なお、実施例５乃至９は、接合しているものの、扁平でないため、接合幅が十分でなく、界面で破断した。   On the other hand, Examples 1 to 5 have an aluminum-based coating layer (plating layer) and the beam is irradiated flatly in the joining and stacking direction, so that the width of the substantial joining portion is large and the strength is sufficiently high. It was. In addition, although Examples 5 to 9 were joined, since they were not flat, the joining width was not sufficient, and fractured at the interface.

図１に示すように、アルミニウム系板２と鋼板１の両端部を重ねあわせ、アルミニウム系板２側から、ＣＯ2レーザを使用してアルミニウム系板２が熱伝導型となる溶融加熱を、異なる焦点位置になるように行った。レーザ溶接条件は、出力が４．０ｋＷ、溶接速度が１．５ｍ／分とし、ビーム形状は円形となった。 As shown in FIG. 1, both ends of the aluminum plate 2 and the steel plate 1 are overlapped, and from the aluminum plate 2 side, the melting heating that causes the aluminum plate 2 to be a heat conduction type using a CO 2 laser is different. It went so that it might become a focus position. The laser welding conditions were an output of 4.0 kW, a welding speed of 1.5 m / min, and a beam shape that was circular.

Figure 0004768487
Figure 0004768487

この表２に示すように、表面に焦点を合わせなかった例では、表面のビーム径が大きくなり、溶接ビードの幅が広くなった結果、良好な接合が得られた。部位が表面に焦点を表面に合わせた場合は表面のレーザ光の照射範囲が小さくなり、溶接部位が少なくなった結果、接合不良であった。   As shown in Table 2, in the example where the surface was not focused, the beam diameter on the surface was increased, and the width of the weld bead was increased. As a result, good bonding was obtained. When the part was focused on the surface, the irradiation range of the laser beam on the surface was reduced and the number of welded parts was reduced, resulting in poor bonding.

更に、鋼側にまたがってレーザを照射した例では、さらに引張強度が高くなり、良好な接合となった。   Furthermore, in the example in which the laser was irradiated across the steel side, the tensile strength was further increased and good bonding was achieved.

本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合方法を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the different material joining method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 同じくその接合部の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the junction part similarly. 照射面におけるレーザ光のビーム形状を示す図であり（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は平面図である。It is a figure which shows the beam shape of the laser beam in an irradiation surface, (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. 同じくビーム形状を示す平面図である。It is a top view which similarly shows a beam shape. （ａ）、（ｂ）は請求項２の実施形態を示す図である。(A), (b) is a figure which shows the embodiment of Claim 2. FIG. そのビーム形状を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the beam shape. （ａ）、（ｂ）は請求項３の実施形態を示す図である。(A), (b) is a figure which shows embodiment of Claim 3. FIG. （ａ）、（ｂ）は請求項４の実施形態を示す図である。(A), (b) is a figure which shows embodiment of Claim 4. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：鋼板（鉄系被溶接材）
２：アルミニウム系板（アルミニウム系被溶接材）
３：重ね部
1: Steel plate (iron-based welded material)
2: Aluminum-based plate (aluminum-based welded material)
3: Overlapping part

Claims (4)

アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部に、ビーム形状がその照射面において扁平した形状を有するレーザ光を、レーザ光の長手方向と溶接線垂直方向のなす角θが−３０°以上３０°以下の角度で照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする異材接合方法。 In the dissimilar material joining method of laser welding an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material, the iron-based welded material has an aluminum-based coating layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on the surface thereof. A lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material by arranging the aluminum-based welded material on the laser irradiation source side, and the overlap between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material The laser beam having a shape in which the beam shape is flat on the irradiation surface is irradiated to the part at an angle θ between the longitudinal direction of the laser light and the direction perpendicular to the welding line of −30 ° to 30 °, and the irradiation unit wherein the iron-based and the aluminum-based workpieces the aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based workpieces are melted by the heat conduction type melting heating the workpieces Dissimilar materials bonded wherein the joining without using earthenware pots wood and flux. アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の端部と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に、ビーム形状がその照射面において扁平した形状を有するレーザ光を、レーザ光の長手方向と溶接線垂直方向のなす角θが−３０°以上３０°以下の角度で照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする異材接合方法。 In the dissimilar material joining method of laser welding an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material, the iron-based welded material has an aluminum-based coating layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on the surface thereof. The aluminum-based welded material is disposed on the laser irradiation source side to form a lap joint on the iron-based welded material, and the end of the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material At the same time, the angle θ between the laser beam longitudinal direction and the welding line vertical direction is -30 ° or more and 30 °. It was irradiated at an angle less than, the aluminum-based target is melted by heat conduction type melting heating said aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based workpieces by irradiating portion Dissimilar materials bonded wherein the joining the the contact material iron and the material to be welded without the use of brazing material and flux. アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部に、表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする異材接合方法。 In the dissimilar material joining method of laser welding an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material, the iron-based welded material has an aluminum-based coating layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on the surface thereof. A lap joint is formed on the iron-based welded material by arranging the aluminum-based welded material on the laser irradiation source side, and the overlap between the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material Irradiate the part with a laser beam that does not focus on the surface, and melt the aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material by heat conduction type melting and heating in the irradiated part, and the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based material A dissimilar material joining method comprising joining a material to be welded without using brazing material and flux. アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被溶接材と、鉄系被溶接材とをレーザ溶接する異材接合方法において、前記鉄系被溶接材はその表面にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム系被覆層を有するものを使用し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材をレーザ照射源側に配置して前記鉄系被溶接材上に重ね継手を形成し、前記アルミニウム系被溶接材の端部と前記鉄系被溶接材との重なり部及び鉄系被溶接材に同時に、表面に焦点を合わせないレーザ光を照射し、照射部で前記アルミニウム系被覆層及び前記アルミニウム系被溶接材を熱伝導型溶融加熱により溶融させて前記アルミニウム系被溶接材と前記鉄系被溶接材とをろう材及びフラックスを使用せずに接合することを特徴とする異材接合方法。 In the dissimilar material joining method of laser welding an aluminum-based welded material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and an iron-based welded material, the iron-based welded material has an aluminum-based coating layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on the surface thereof. The aluminum-based welded material is disposed on the laser irradiation source side to form a lap joint on the iron-based welded material, and the end of the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material At the same time, the laser beam that does not focus on the surface is irradiated to the overlapped part and the iron-based welded material, and the aluminum-based coating layer and the aluminum-based welded material are melted by heat conduction melting heating in the irradiated part. A dissimilar material joining method comprising joining the aluminum-based welded material and the iron-based welded material without using a brazing material and a flux.
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DE202011110888U1 (en) 2011-11-11 2017-01-24 Novelis Inc. aluminum alloy

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JP2001252777A (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-18 Laser Oyo Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk Joining method for different kinds of metals by laser beam
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WO2013068533A1 (en) 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Novelis Inc. Aluminium alloy
EP2837704A1 (en) 2011-11-11 2015-02-18 Novelis, Inc. Aluminium alloy
DE202011110888U1 (en) 2011-11-11 2017-01-24 Novelis Inc. aluminum alloy
US9926619B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2018-03-27 Novelis Inc. Aluminum alloy

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