JP4764002B2 - Rooftop greening structure - Google Patents
Rooftop greening structure Download PDFInfo
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- JP4764002B2 JP4764002B2 JP2004373441A JP2004373441A JP4764002B2 JP 4764002 B2 JP4764002 B2 JP 4764002B2 JP 2004373441 A JP2004373441 A JP 2004373441A JP 2004373441 A JP2004373441 A JP 2004373441A JP 4764002 B2 JP4764002 B2 JP 4764002B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、屋上緑化を行うために建築物の屋上に施工する屋上緑化構造に関し、特に無潅水で植物を生育できる屋上緑化構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a rooftop greening structure constructed on the rooftop of a building for rooftop greening, and more particularly to a rooftop greening structure capable of growing plants without irrigation.
従来から、建築物の屋上に土壌を敷き詰め、該土壌に植物を植栽して屋上の緑化を行うことによって、屋上への日光の直射を低減させて温度上昇を抑制し、省エネルギー化の促進やヒートアイランド現象の改善が図られている。屋上緑化は、例えば屋上スラブ上面に防水層、防根層、保水及び排水層、透水層、土壌などを順に形成して屋上緑化構造を構成し、土壌に植物を植栽することで行われる。 Conventionally, by spreading soil on the rooftop of a building, planting plants on the soil and planting the rooftop, the direct sunlight exposure to the rooftop is reduced, temperature rise is suppressed, and energy saving is promoted. The improvement of the heat island phenomenon is aimed at. Rooftop greening is performed by, for example, forming a waterproofing layer, a root-preventing layer, a water retention and drainage layer, a water permeable layer, soil, and the like in this order on the top surface of the roof slab to form a rooftop greening structure and planting plants in the soil.
このような屋上緑化構造を施した建築物の屋上においては、潅水設備が設けられ、該潅水設備を用いて土壌に潅水を行うなどして、植物の維持管理がなされていた。しかし、屋上緑化構造に付随して潅水設備を設ける必要があることから、施工費が高くなり、さらに土壌に定期的に潅水を行う必要があるため、維持費もかかり費用が嵩むという問題が発生していた。また、植物の維持管理が手間のかかる作業となって煩わしいという問題などがあった。そこで、このような問題を解消するために、無潅水で植物を生育可能とした屋上緑化構造が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
特許文献１に示されるような屋上緑化構造では、建築物の屋上に雨水などを貯水する貯水プールを設け、該貯水プール上に屋上緑化構造を施して、植物がプールから直接吸水するように構成することで、無潅水での植物の生育を可能としているが、施工が大掛りなものとなり、施工費が高くなるという問題がある。また、建築物の屋上の構造上、貯水プールを設けることができない場合には、無潅水での植物の生育が不可能となり、利用できる建築物が限られていた。 In the rooftop greening structure as shown in Patent Document 1, a storage pool for storing rainwater or the like is provided on the rooftop of the building, and the rooftop greening structure is applied on the storage pool so that plants absorb water directly from the pool. By doing so, the plant can be grown without irrigation, but there is a problem that the construction becomes large and the construction cost becomes high. In addition, if the water storage pool cannot be provided due to the structure of the roof of the building, it is impossible to grow plants without irrigation, and the usable buildings are limited.
本発明の解決しようとする課題は以上の如くであり、次にこの課題を解決するための手段を説明する。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.
請求項１においては、建築物の屋上に土壌（５）を平面的に敷き詰めて、該土壌（５）に植物（６）を植栽する屋上緑化構造において、土壌（５）として高保水材料を用いると共に、該土壌（５）の表面を、高保水材料を用いて、突部（１１）と溝部（１５）とが交互に形成された、波形のカバー（１０）で覆い、該波形のカバー（１０）の突部上端に植物を通す開口部（１１ａ）を設け、該波形に形成されたカバー（１０）は、平面視矩形状の板状部材からなり、該波形に形成されたカバー（１０）の突部と突部との間に、孔（１５ａ）を設けたものである。 In claim 1, in a rooftop greening structure in which soil (5) is laid flat on the rooftop of a building and plants (6) are planted on the soil (5), a high water retention material is used as the soil (5). with use, the surface of the soil (5), by using a high water-holding material, and projections (11) grooves (15) are formed alternately, covered with the waveform of the cover (10), the waveform cover An opening (11a) for passing a plant is provided at the upper end of the protrusion of (10), and the cover (10) formed in the corrugated shape is a plate-shaped member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the cover ( A hole (15a) is provided between the protrusions of 10).
請求項２においては、建築物の屋上に土壌（５）を平面的に敷き詰めて、該土壌（５）に植物（６）を植栽する屋上緑化構造において、土壌（５）として高保水材料を用いると共に、該土壌（５）の表面を、高保水材料を用いて、半球状の突部（２１）を所定間隔ごとに形成したカバー（２０）で覆い、該カバー（２０）の突部（２１）上端に植物（６）を通す開口部（２１a)を設け、該突部（２１）を形成したカバー（２０）は、平面視矩形状の板状部材からなり、該突部（２１）を形成したカバー（２０）の突部と突部との間に、孔（２５ａ）を設けたものである。 In claim 2, in the rooftop greening structure in which the soil (5) is laid flat on the rooftop of the building and the plant (6) is planted on the soil (5), the high water retention material is used as the soil (5). with use, the surface of the soil (5), by using a high water-holding material, covered with a cover formed of hemispherical projections (21) at predetermined intervals (20), projections of the cover (20) ( 21) An opening (21a) through which the plant (6) is passed is provided at the upper end, and the cover (20) on which the protrusion (21) is formed is a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the protrusion (21) A hole (25a) is provided between the protrusions of the cover (20) formed with the.
本発明の効果として、以下に示すような効果を奏する。 As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
請求項１においては、建築物の屋上に土壌（５）を平面的に敷き詰めて、該土壌（５）に植物（６）を植栽する屋上緑化構造において、土壌（５）として高保水材料を用いると共に、該土壌（５）の表面を、高保水材料を用いて、突部（１１）と溝部（１５）とが交互に形成された、波形のカバー（１０）で覆い、該波形のカバー（１０）の突部上端に植物を通す開口部（１１ａ）を設け、該波形に形成されたカバー（１０）は、平面視矩形状の板状部材からなり、該波形に形成されたカバー（１０）の突部と突部との間に、孔（１５ａ）を設けたので、昼夜の気温差により生じるカバー内外の温度差によって、カバー内側の空気に含まれる水蒸気のうち、飽和した水蒸気が凝結し、水滴として突部の内側側面に付着させ、該水滴を突部の開口部付近から、又は突部の内側側面を伝ってその縁部から下方の土壌に落下させて、土壌に給水を行うことができる。 In claim 1, in a rooftop greening structure in which soil (5) is laid flat on the rooftop of a building and plants (6) are planted on the soil (5), a high water retention material is used as the soil (5). together using the surface of the soil (5), by using a high water-holding material, and projections (11) grooves (15) are formed alternately, covered with the waveform of the cover (10), the waveform cover An opening (11a) for passing a plant is provided at the upper end of the protrusion of (10), and the cover (10) formed in the corrugated shape is a plate-shaped member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the cover ( 10) Since the hole (15a) is provided between the protrusions, the saturated water vapor out of the water vapor contained in the air inside the cover due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cover caused by the temperature difference between day and night. It condenses and adheres to the inner side surface of the protrusion as water droplets, and the water drops From the vicinity of parts, or from its edges by dropping the soil downward along the inner side surface of the protrusion, it is possible to supply the water to the soil.
したがって、別途潅水設備を設けて潅水を行う必要がなくなり、無潅水で植物を生育することができるため、植物の維持管理が容易なものとなるとともに、費用を低減できる。また、建築物の屋上の構造に関わらず簡単に施工できるため、さまざまな建築物に広く利用することができる。 Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide a separate irrigation facility for irrigation, and the plant can be grown without irrigation, so that the maintenance of the plant is facilitated and the cost can be reduced. In addition, since it can be easily constructed regardless of the rooftop structure of the building, it can be widely used for various buildings.
請求項２においては、建築物の屋上に土壌（５）を平面的に敷き詰めて、該土壌（５）に植物（６）を植栽する屋上緑化構造において、土壌（５）として高保水材料を用いると共に、該土壌（５）の表面を、高保水材料を用いて、半球状の突部（２１）を所定間隔ごとに形成したカバー（２０）で覆い、該カバー（２０）の突部（２１）上端に植物（６）を通す開口部（２１a)を設け、該突部（２１）を形成したカバー（２０）は、平面視矩形状の板状部材からなり、該突部（２１）を形成したカバー（２０）の突部と突部との間に、孔（２５ａ）を設けたので、昼夜の気温差により生じるカバー内外の温度差によって、カバー内側の空気に含まれる水蒸気のうち、飽和した水蒸気が凝結し、水滴として突部の内側側面に付着させ、該水滴を突部の開口部付近から、又は突部の内側側面を伝ってその縁部から下方の土壌に落下させて、土壌に給水を行うことができる。 In claim 2, in the rooftop greening structure in which the soil (5) is laid flat on the rooftop of the building and the plant (6) is planted on the soil (5), the high water retention material is used as the soil (5). with use, the surface of the soil (5), by using a high water-holding material, covered with a cover formed of hemispherical projections (21) at predetermined intervals (20), projections of the cover (20) ( 21) An opening (21a) through which the plant (6) is passed is provided at the upper end, and the cover (20) on which the protrusion (21) is formed is a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the protrusion (21) Since the hole (25a) is provided between the protrusions of the cover (20) that forms the cover, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cover caused by the temperature difference between the day and night causes the water vapor contained in the air inside the cover. Saturated water vapor condenses and adheres to the inner side surface of the protrusion as water droplets. From the vicinity of the opening parts, or from its edges by dropping the soil downward along the inner side surface of the protrusion, it is possible to supply the water to the soil.
また、孔によりカバー内側の通気性及び通水性を確保することができる。 Moreover, the air permeability and water permeability inside the cover can be ensured by the holes.
また、カバーの表面に強い風が吹き付けられた場合に、突部の内外の気圧差により突部の内側側面に水滴を発生させることができる。 Moreover, when a strong wind is blown on the surface of the cover, water droplets can be generated on the inner side surface of the protrusion due to a difference in atmospheric pressure inside and outside the protrusion.
また、土壌に含まれる水分の蒸発を抑えることができる。よって、土壌の保水量が長期間にわたって保持されるため、潅水を行う必要がなくなり、植物を無潅水で確実に生育することができる。 Moreover, evaporation of moisture contained in the soil can be suppressed. Accordingly, since the water retention amount of the soil is maintained for a long period of time, it is not necessary to perform irrigation, and the plant can be reliably grown without irrigation.
また、カバー内外の温度差をより高くすることができ、カバーの内側側面に付着する水滴の量を増加させることができる。 Further, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cover can be further increased, and the amount of water droplets adhering to the inner side surface of the cover can be increased.
また、建築物に対する断熱効果を高めることができる。 Moreover, the heat insulation effect with respect to a building can be improved.
次に、発明の実施の形態を説明する。 Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.
図１は本発明の一実施例に係る屋上緑化構造の構成を示す断面図である。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a rooftop greening structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
図２はカバーの一部拡大断面図−図３はカバーの斜視図−図４は別実施例の屋上緑化構造の構成を示す断面図である。 FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the cover, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cover, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a rooftop greening structure according to another embodiment.
図５はカバーの一部拡大断面図、図６はカバーの斜視図である。 FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the cover, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cover.
図７は別構成例の屋上緑化構造の構成を示す平面図である。 FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a configuration of a rooftop greening structure of another configuration example.
図８はカバーの膨らんだ状態を示す斜視図である。 FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state where the cover is swollen.
図９は別構成例の屋上緑化構造の構成を示す平面図である。 FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a configuration of a rooftop greening structure of another configuration example.
図１０はカバーの中心部がめくれた状態を示す斜視図である。 FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the center portion of the cover is turned up.
建築物の屋上において、図１に示すように、屋上スラブ１上に防水シート２が敷設されて防水層が形成され、該防水シート２上に保水・排水器３が敷設されて保水・排水層が形成されている。保水・排水器３上には透水シート４が敷設されて透水層が形成され、該透水シート４上に土壌５が敷き詰められて屋上スラブ１上に積層状に屋上緑化構造が構成されている。そして、土壌５に樹木や草花などの植物が植栽されて、屋上緑化が行われる。 As shown in FIG. 1, a waterproof sheet 2 is laid on the roof slab 1 to form a waterproof layer on the roof of the building, and a water retention / drainage device 3 is laid on the waterproof sheet 2 to maintain the water retention / drainage layer. Is formed. A water permeable sheet 4 is laid on the water retention / drainage device 3 to form a water permeable layer, and soil 5 is laid on the water permeable sheet 4 to form a rooftop greening structure on the roof slab 1 in a stacked manner. And plants, such as a tree and a flower, are planted in the soil 5, and rooftop greening is performed.
前記屋上緑化構造においては、さらに土壌５の上にカバー１０が設けられ、該カバー１０により土壌５の表面が覆われている。図１、図３に示すように、カバー１０は平面視矩形状の板状部材からなり、突部１１と溝部１５とが交互に形成されて断面視波形に構成されている。そして、カバー１０が土壌５に敷設されたときに、突部１１・１１・・が植物６の植付位置６ａの上方に位置するものとされている。 In the roof greening structure, a cover 10 is further provided on the soil 5, and the surface of the soil 5 is covered with the cover 10. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the cover 10 is made of a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the protrusions 11 and the grooves 15 are alternately formed to have a waveform in a sectional view. When the cover 10 is laid on the soil 5, the protrusions 11, 11,... Are positioned above the planting position 6 a of the plant 6.
図２に示すように、各突部１１は断面視で略半円形状に構成され、上方に突出されて、その内側に空間１２を形成している。突部１１の上端には開口部１１ａが設けられ、該開口部１１ａを介して突部１１内側の空間１２とカバー１０外側の空間とが連通されている。そして、開口部１１ａの径が植物６が通過できる最小限の大きさとされ、該開口部１１ａを通って植物６が突部１１内側の空間１２からカバー１０外側の空間に伸長可能とされる一方、突部１１内側の空気に含まれる水分がカバー１０外側の空間へできるだけ逃げないように構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, each protrusion 11 is formed in a substantially semicircular shape in a cross-sectional view, protrudes upward, and forms a space 12 inside thereof. An opening 11a is provided at the upper end of the protrusion 11, and the space 12 inside the protrusion 11 and the space outside the cover 10 are communicated with each other through the opening 11a. The diameter of the opening 11a is set to a minimum size through which the plant 6 can pass, and the plant 6 can extend from the space 12 inside the protrusion 11 to the space outside the cover 10 through the opening 11a. The moisture contained in the air inside the protrusion 11 is configured so as not to escape to the space outside the cover 10 as much as possible.
また、開口部１１ａは突部１１の長手方向に植物６の植付位置６ａに合わせて所定の数だけ設けられる。本実施例では、一つの突部１１に五つの開口部１１ａ・１１ａ・１１ａ・１１ａ・１１ａが所定間隔ごとに設けられ、各開口部１１ａを通って突部１１内側の空間１２から植物６がカバー１０外部の空間に伸長可能とされている。なお、開口部１１ａは土壌５に植え付けられた植物６の種類や数に応じて任意の数に変更可能とされている。さらに、突部１１と突部１１との間隔も植物６の種類や植付位置６ａの間隔に合わせて調整される。 In addition, a predetermined number of openings 11 a are provided in the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 11 in accordance with the planting position 6 a of the plant 6. In the present embodiment, five protrusions 11a, 11a, 11a, 11a, and 11a are provided at a predetermined interval in one protrusion 11, and the plant 6 passes from the space 12 inside the protrusion 11 through each opening 11a. It can be extended to a space outside the cover 10. In addition, the opening part 11a can be changed into arbitrary numbers according to the kind and number of the plants 6 planted in the soil 5. FIG. Furthermore, the interval between the protrusion 11 and the protrusion 11 is also adjusted according to the type of the plant 6 and the interval between the planting positions 6a.
前記突部１１と突部１１との間に形成される溝部１５は断面視で略半円形状に構成され、下方に突出されて、その内側に空間１６を形成している。溝部１５の下端には孔１５ａが長手方向に一つ又は複数設けられ、孔１５ａを介して溝部１５内側の空間１６と突部１１内側の空間１２とが連通可能とされている。こうして、孔１５ａを通って降雨などにより溝部１５に溜まった水や外気が溝部１５内側の空間１６から土壌５や突部１１内側の空間１２に流入可能とされ、カバー１０内側の通水性及び通気性が確保されている。 The groove 15 formed between the protrusion 11 and the protrusion 11 is formed in a substantially semicircular shape in a cross-sectional view, protrudes downward, and forms a space 16 inside thereof. One or a plurality of holes 15a are provided in the longitudinal direction at the lower end of the groove 15 so that the space 16 inside the groove 15 and the space 12 inside the protrusion 11 can communicate with each other through the hole 15a. In this way, water or outside air accumulated in the groove 15 due to rain or the like through the hole 15a can flow into the soil 5 or the space 12 inside the protrusion 11 from the space 16 inside the groove 15 so that water permeability and ventilation inside the cover 10 can be obtained. Is secured.
また、前記屋上緑化構造において、カバーは次のように構成することもできる。図４、図６に示すように、カバー２０は、複数の突部２１・２１・・・と平面視矩形状の板状の基部２５とから構成されている。突部２１・２１・・・は基部２５に一体的に形成され、カバー２０が土壌５に敷設されたときに、植物６の植付位置６ａの上方に位置するように配置されている。 Moreover, in the said rooftop greening structure, a cover can also be comprised as follows. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the cover 20 includes a plurality of protrusions 21, 21... And a plate-like base 25 having a rectangular shape in plan view. The protrusions 21, 21,... Are formed integrally with the base 25 and are arranged so as to be positioned above the planting position 6 a of the plant 6 when the cover 20 is laid on the soil 5.
図５に示すように、各突部２１は略半球状に構成されており、上方に突出されて、その内側に空間２２を形成している。突部２１の上端には開口部２１ａが設けられ、該開口部２１ａを介して突部２１内側の空間２２とカバー２０外側の空間とが連通されている。そして、開口部２１ａの径が植物６が通過できる最小限の大きさとされ、該開口部２１ａを通って植物６が突部２１内側の空間１２からカバー１０外側の空間に伸長可能とされる一方、突部２１内側の空気に含まれる水分がカバー２０外側の空間へできるだけ逃げないように構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 5, each protrusion 21 has a substantially hemispherical shape, protrudes upward, and forms a space 22 inside thereof. An opening 21 a is provided at the upper end of the protrusion 21, and the space 22 inside the protrusion 21 and the space outside the cover 20 communicate with each other through the opening 21 a. Then, the diameter of the opening 21a is set to a minimum size through which the plant 6 can pass, and the plant 6 can extend from the space 12 inside the protrusion 21 to the space outside the cover 10 through the opening 21a. The water contained in the air inside the protrusion 21 is configured so as not to escape into the space outside the cover 20 as much as possible.
また、突部２１・２１・・・は基部２２上に植物６の植付位置６ａに合わせて所定数だけ設けられる。こうして、各植付位置６ａで生育する植物６が突部２１内側の空間２２から開口部２１ａを通ってカバー２０外側の空間に伸長可能とされている。なお、突部２１は土壌５に植付けられた植物６の数に応じて任意の数に変更可能とされている。さらに、突部１１と突部１１との間隔も植物６の植付位置６ａの間隔に合わせて調整される。 In addition, a predetermined number of protrusions 21, 21,... Are provided on the base 22 according to the planting position 6 a of the plant 6. Thus, the plant 6 growing at each planting position 6a can be extended from the space 22 inside the protrusion 21 to the space outside the cover 20 through the opening 21a. In addition, the protrusion 21 can be changed to any number according to the number of plants 6 planted in the soil 5. Furthermore, the interval between the protrusion 11 and the protrusion 11 is also adjusted in accordance with the interval between the planting positions 6a of the plants 6.
前記基部２５の突部２１・２１・・・の間に複数の孔２５ａ・２５ａ・・・が設けられている。孔２５ａ・２５ａ・・・は基部２５の任意位置に配置され、これらの孔２５ａ・２５ａ・・・を介してカバー２０外側の空間と突部２１内側の空間２２とが連通可能とされている。こうして、各孔２５ａを通ってカバー２０外側の空間から降雨などによる水や空気がカバー２０内側の空間に流入可能とされ、カバー２０内側の通水性及び通気性が確保されている。 A plurality of holes 25a, 25a,... Are provided between the protrusions 21, 21. The holes 25a, 25a,... Are arranged at arbitrary positions on the base 25, and the space outside the cover 20 and the space 22 inside the protrusion 21 can communicate with each other through the holes 25a, 25a,. . In this way, water or air due to rain or the like can flow into the space inside the cover 20 from the space outside the cover 20 through each hole 25a, and the water permeability and air permeability inside the cover 20 are ensured.
このようにカバー１０・２０を設けて屋上緑化構造を構成することで、各カバー１０・２０において、昼夜の気温差によりカバー１０・２０内側の温度が高く、外側の温度が低くなってカバー１０・２０内外に温度差が生じ、該温度差によってカバー１０・２０の突部１１・２１内側の空気に含まれる水蒸気のうち、飽和した水蒸気が凝結し、水滴となって突部１１・２１の内側側面に付着する。こうして発生した水滴が突部１１・２１の開口部１１ａ・２１ａ付近から、又は突部１１・２１の内側側面を伝ってその縁部から下方の土壌５に落下し、土壌５へ給水が行われることになる。 Thus, by providing the cover 10 and 20 and comprising a rooftop greening structure, in each cover 10 and 20, the temperature inside the cover 10 and 20 is high and the outside temperature becomes low due to the temperature difference between day and night, and the cover 10 A temperature difference occurs between the inside and outside of the 20, and due to the temperature difference, the saturated water vapor condenses out of the water vapor contained in the air inside the protrusions 11 and 21 of the covers 10 and 20, and becomes water droplets. Adhere to the inner side. Water droplets generated in this manner fall from the vicinity of the openings 11a and 21a of the protrusions 11 and 21 or along the inner side surfaces of the protrusions 11 and 21 to the soil 5 below from the edges, and water is supplied to the soil 5. It will be.
また、カバー１０・２０の表面に強い風が吹き付けられた場合には、それぞれの突部１１・２１表面が冷やされると共に、突部１１・２１の孔１１ａ・２１ａ・・・から内側の空気が吸い出されることにより負圧となり、突部１１・２１内面に結露が生じる。この水滴が突部１１・２１の内側側面を伝ってその縁部から下方の土壌５に落下して、土壌５に給水が行われることになる。 Further, when strong wind is blown on the surfaces of the covers 10 and 20, the surfaces of the projections 11 and 21 are cooled, and the air inside the projections 11 and 21 from the holes 11a, 21a,. By sucking out, negative pressure is generated, and condensation occurs on the inner surfaces of the protrusions 11 and 21. This water droplet travels along the inner side surface of the protrusions 11 and 21 and falls from the edge to the soil 5 below, so that the soil 5 is supplied with water.
このようにして、カバー１０・２０内側において、空気中の水分が結露して水滴の状態となって土壌に染み込むと、後述する保水性の高い土壌に水分が貯められるとともに、植物６の根から水分が吸収される。そして、日中では気温が上がり、突部１１・２１内も温められて孔１１ａ・２１ａから水蒸気を含む外気が吸入される。また、風が止まったときも同様に外気が吸入される。そして、夜になり気温が下がると、または、強風が吹くと前記のように結露が生じて土壌に水分が貯められる。この状態が繰り返えされて、毎日のように土壌５に給水が自動的に行われることになる。 In this way, when moisture in the air condenses inside the covers 10 and 20 to form water droplets and soaks into the soil, the moisture is stored in the highly water-retaining soil described later, and from the root of the plant 6 Moisture is absorbed. In the daytime, the temperature rises, the inside of the protrusions 11 and 21 is warmed, and the outside air containing water vapor is sucked from the holes 11a and 21a. Similarly, outside air is inhaled when the wind stops. When the temperature falls at night or when a strong wind blows, dew condensation occurs as described above, and moisture is stored in the soil. This state is repeated, and water is automatically supplied to the soil 5 on a daily basis.
したがって、本発明の屋上緑化構造によって、別途潅水設備を設けて潅水を行う必要がなくなり、無潅水で植物６を生育することができるため、植物の維持管理が容易なものとなるとともに、費用を低減できる。また、建築物の屋上の構造に関わらず簡単に施工できるため、さまざまな建築物に広く利用することができる。 Therefore, the rooftop greening structure of the present invention eliminates the need for irrigation by providing a separate irrigation facility, and allows the plant 6 to grow without irrigation, thus facilitating plant maintenance and cost. Can be reduced. In addition, since it can be easily constructed regardless of the rooftop structure of the building, it can be widely used for various buildings.
また、屋上緑化構造において、カバーは次のように構成することもできる。図７、図８に示すように、カバー３０は柔軟性を有する部材から構成されており、該カバー３０に一点を中心として円弧状に切目３０ａ・３０ａ・・・が設けられている。そして、これらの切目３０ａ・３０ａ・・・の中心が植物６の植付位置６ａと一致するように、カバー３０は土壌５に敷設される。なお、本実施例では、複数のカバー３０・３０・・・を植付位置６ａごとに配置しているが、カバーを一つとして植付位置６ａごとに切目３０ａ・３０ａ・・・を設けるように構成することもできる。 Moreover, in a rooftop greening structure, the cover can also be configured as follows. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the cover 30 is made of a flexible member, and the cover 30 is provided with cuts 30a, 30a,. And the cover 30 is laid in the soil 5 so that the center of these cut line 30a * 30a ... may correspond with the planting position 6a of the plant 6. FIG. In this embodiment, a plurality of covers 30, 30... Are arranged for each planting position 6a. However, a single cover is provided for each planting position 6a. It can also be configured.
カバー３０は植付位置６ａで生育する植物６を覆うことのできる大きさとされ、植物６が成長するに従って、該植物６に押されて上方に膨らむように構成されている。そして、カバー３０が膨らんだ際に、図８に示すように、各切目３０ａが開口されて開口部３０ｂを形成し、該開口部３０ｂを通ってカバー３０内側の空間３２から植物６がカバー３０外側の空間に伸長可能とされている。この際、開口部３０ｂは植物を通過可能とする最小限の大きさとなり、該開口部３０ｂを通ってカバー３０内側の空気に含まれる水分がカバー３０外側の空間に逃げるのを防いでいる。 The cover 30 has a size that can cover the plant 6 that grows at the planting position 6a, and is configured to be pushed by the plant 6 and expand upward as the plant 6 grows. When the cover 30 swells, as shown in FIG. 8, each cut 30a is opened to form an opening 30b, and the plant 6 covers the cover 30 from the space 32 inside the cover 30 through the opening 30b. It can be extended to the outer space. At this time, the opening 30b has a minimum size that allows the plant to pass through, and prevents moisture contained in the air inside the cover 30 from escaping into the space outside the cover 30 through the opening 30b.
さらに、屋上緑化構造において、カバーは次のように構成することもできる。図９、図１０に示すように、カバー３６は柔軟性を有する部材から構成されており、該カバー３６に一点を中心として放射状に切目３６ａ・３６ａ・・・が設けられるとともに、切目３６ａ・３６ａ・・・の隣り合う外側端点を結ぶように折目３６ｂ・３６ｂ・・・が設けられている。そして、これらの切目３６ａ・３６ａ・・・の中心が植物６の植付位置６ａと一致するように、カバー３６は土壌５に敷設される。 Furthermore, in the rooftop greening structure, the cover can be configured as follows. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the cover 36 is made of a flexible member, and the cover 36 is provided with cuts 36 a, 36 a. Are provided with folds 36b, 36b... So as to connect the adjacent outer end points. The cover 36 is laid on the soil 5 so that the centers of the cuts 36a, 36a,... Coincide with the planting position 6a of the plant 6.
また、カバー３６の切目３６ａ・３６ａと折目３６ｂで囲まれる部分が屈曲部３６ｃとして折目３６ｂに沿って上方に屈曲可能とされ、隣接する屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃが所定間隔ごとに紐３７などで結束されている。なお、屈曲部３６ｃと屈曲部３６ｃとの結束は、屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃに所定の力が作用すると簡単に解ける、または切断されるように構成されている。また、本実施例では、複数のカバー３６・３６・・・を植付位置６ａごとに配置しているが、カバーを一つとして植付位置６ａごとに切目３６ａ・３６ａ・・・及び折目３６ｂ・３６ｂ・・・を設けるように構成することもできる。 Further, a portion surrounded by the cuts 36a and 36a and the fold 36b of the cover 36 can be bent upward along the fold 36b as a bent portion 36c, and the adjacent bent portions 36c and 36c are string 37 or the like at predetermined intervals. It is united with. The binding between the bent portion 36c and the bent portion 36c is configured to be easily unwound or cut when a predetermined force acts on the bent portions 36c and 36c. Further, in this embodiment, a plurality of covers 36, 36,... Are arranged for each planting position 6a. However, a single cover is provided, and cuts 36a, 36a,. 36b, 36b... Can be provided.
そして、カバー３６は屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃ・・・にて植付位置６ａで生育する植物６を覆うことのできる大きさとされ、植物６が成長するに従って、該植物６に押されて屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃ・・・が屈曲し、中心側から順に上方にめくれるように構成されている。こうして、屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃ・・・がめくれた際に、図１０に示すように、切目３６ａ・３６ａ・・・によりカバー３６の中心部に開口部３６ｄが形成され、該開口部３６ｄを通ってカバー３６内側の空間から植物６がカバー３６外側の空間に伸長可能とされている。このとき、開口部３６ｄは屈曲部３６ｃ・３６ｃ・・・の紐３７による結束によって、一度に大きく開かず、植物を通過可能とする最小限の大きさとなるようにカバー３６の中心部から徐々に開き、該開口部３６ｄを通ってカバー３６内側の空気に含まれる水分がカバー３６外側の空間に逃げるのを防いでいる。 The cover 36 is sized to cover the plant 6 growing at the planting position 6a at the bent portions 36c, 36c,..., And is pushed by the plant 6 as the plant 6 grows, and the bent portion 36c. -36c ... is bent and is configured to be turned up in order from the center side. When the bent portions 36c, 36c,... Are turned over, an opening 36d is formed at the center of the cover 36 by the cuts 36a, 36a,. Thus, the plant 6 can extend from the space inside the cover 36 to the space outside the cover 36. At this time, the opening 36d is gradually opened from the center of the cover 36 so that the opening 36d becomes a minimum size that allows the plant to pass through without being greatly opened at once due to the binding of the bent portions 36c, 36c. This prevents moisture contained in the air inside the cover 36 from escaping into the space outside the cover 36 through the opening 36d.
このようにカバー３０・３６を構成することによって、昼夜の気温差によりカバー３０・３６内側の温度が高く、外側の温度が低くなってカバー３０・３６内外に温度差が生じ、該温度差によってカバー３０・３６内側の空気に含まれる水蒸気のうち、飽和した水蒸気が凝結し、水滴となってカバー３０・３６の内側側面に付着する。こうして発生した水滴が切目３０ａ・３６ａによる開口部３０ｂ・３６ｃ付近から下方の土壌５に落下し、土壌５に給水が行われることになる。したがって、前述の実施例と同様の効果を得ることができる。 By configuring the covers 30 and 36 in this way, the temperature inside the covers 30 and 36 is high due to the temperature difference between day and night, and the outside temperature is low, resulting in a temperature difference inside and outside the covers 30 and 36. Of the water vapor contained in the air inside the covers 30 and 36, saturated water vapor condenses and forms water droplets and adheres to the inner side surfaces of the covers 30 and 36. The water droplets thus generated fall from the vicinity of the openings 30b and 36c by the cuts 30a and 36a to the soil 5 below, and the soil 5 is supplied with water. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the same effect as the above-described embodiment.
そして、以上のような屋上緑化構造において、カバー１０・２０・３０を熱伝導率の高い高熱伝導率材で構成することで、外気によりカバー１０・２０・３０が外気温度に近い温度まで冷却されるため、カバー１０・２０・３０内外の温度差がより高くなり、カバー１０・２０・３０の内側側面に付着する水滴の量を増加させることができる。逆に、カバー１０・２０・３０を熱伝導率の低い低熱伝導率材で構成すると、カバー１０・２０・３０の内側側面に付着する水滴の量は減少するが、建築物に対する断熱効果を高めることができる。 In the rooftop greening structure as described above, the cover 10, 20, 30 is made of a high thermal conductivity material having high thermal conductivity, so that the cover 10, 20, 30 is cooled to a temperature close to the outside air temperature by the outside air. Therefore, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cover 10, 20, 30 becomes higher, and the amount of water droplets adhering to the inner side surface of the cover 10, 20, 30 can be increased. Conversely, if the cover 10, 20, 30 is made of a low thermal conductivity material with low thermal conductivity, the amount of water droplets adhering to the inner side surface of the cover 10, 20, 30 is reduced, but the heat insulation effect on the building is enhanced. be able to.
また、前記土壌５として保水作用の高い高保水材料、例えば珪藻土などからなる多孔質土壌を用いることで、土壌５に含まれる水分の蒸発を抑えることができる。よって、土壌５に植物６の生育に必要な量の水が長期間にわたって保水されるため、潅水を行う必要がなくなり、植物を無潅水で確実に生育することができる。 Moreover, evaporation of moisture contained in the soil 5 can be suppressed by using porous soil made of a highly water-retaining material having a high water-retaining effect, such as diatomaceous earth, as the soil 5. Therefore, since the amount of water necessary for the growth of the plant 6 is retained in the soil 5 for a long period of time, it is not necessary to perform irrigation, and the plant can be reliably grown without irrigation.
５ 土壌
６ 植物
６ａ 植付位置
１０ カバー
１１ 突部
１１ａ 開口部
１５ 溝部
１５ａ 孔
２０ カバー
２１ 突部
２１ａ 開口部
２５ 基部
２５ａ 孔
３０ カバー
３０ａ 切目
5 Soil 6 Plant 6a Planting Position 10 Cover 11 Projection 11a Opening 15 Groove 15a Hole 20 Cover 21 Projection 21a Opening 25 Base 25a Hole 30 Cover 30a Cut
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| JP2004373441A JP4764002B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Rooftop greening structure |
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| JP2789359B2 (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1998-08-20 | 拓雄 中山 | Fruit and vegetable protection sheet |
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| JPH10295197A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-10 | Kajima Corp | Soil heating greening method |
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