JP4754920B2 - Buckwheat flour, method for producing the same and food containing the same - Google Patents

Buckwheat flour, method for producing the same and food containing the same Download PDF

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JP4754920B2
JP4754920B2 JP2005284831A JP2005284831A JP4754920B2 JP 4754920 B2 JP4754920 B2 JP 4754920B2 JP 2005284831 A JP2005284831 A JP 2005284831A JP 2005284831 A JP2005284831 A JP 2005284831A JP 4754920 B2 JP4754920 B2 JP 4754920B2
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浩之 友竹
利喜男 山崎
範久 加藤
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Kissei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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本発明は、糖代謝改善作用に優れたそば粉およびその製造方法ならびにそれを含有する食品に関するものである。   The present invention relates to buckwheat flour excellent in an action for improving sugar metabolism, a method for producing the same, and a food containing the same.

近年の食習慣の欧米化に見られる食生活の変化、肉体活動の変化による運動不足、ストレスの蓄積などに伴い、糖尿病患者が増加し問題となっている。糖尿病の発症は、体内における糖代謝の異常を引き起こすことが一因と考えられている。そのため、糖尿病を発症する前の、糖代謝に異常をきたしている患者を、糖尿病予備軍としてとらえ、これら糖尿病予備軍に対しても有効な治療方法が求められている。   With the changes in dietary habits seen in recent westernization of dietary habits, lack of exercise due to changes in physical activity, accumulation of stress, etc., diabetes patients have increased and become a problem. Diabetes mellitus is thought to be caused by abnormal sugar metabolism in the body. Therefore, a patient who has an abnormality in glucose metabolism before the onset of diabetes is regarded as a diabetic reserve arm, and an effective treatment method is also required for these diabetic reserve armies.

正常な糖代謝のもとでは、取り込んだ糖を肝臓から放出する働き(糖新生)と、体内に吸収した糖を肝臓へ取り込む働き(糖の蓄積)がバランス良く保たれているが、食生活の変化、運動不足、ストレス等が加わるとこのバランスが崩れてしまい、その結果、必要以上に糖の血中濃度が上昇してしまうと考えられている。それ故、糖尿病の根本的な治療は、血糖値を下げるのみならず、この糖代謝を正常に戻すことにあると提唱されている(非特許文献1参照)。そして、生体における異常な糖代謝の改善のためには、食事の摂取量を制限したり、低カロリー食品の摂取割合を増やす食事を増やすといった食事療法や、積極的に日常生活での運動の機会を増やすといった運動療法が第一と考えられている(非特許文献1または2参照)。   Under normal sugar metabolism, the function of releasing the absorbed sugar from the liver (gluconeogenesis) and the function of capturing the absorbed sugar into the liver (accumulation of sugar) are maintained in a well-balanced manner. It is thought that this balance is lost when changes in the body, lack of exercise, stress, etc. are applied, and as a result, the blood concentration of sugar rises more than necessary. Therefore, it is proposed that the fundamental treatment of diabetes is not only to lower the blood glucose level but also to return this sugar metabolism to normal (see Non-Patent Document 1). And in order to improve abnormal sugar metabolism in the living body, dietary therapy such as limiting meal intake or increasing meals that increase the intake ratio of low-calorie foods, and opportunities for active exercise in daily life It is considered that exercise therapy such as increasing the number is the first (see Non-Patent Document 1 or 2).

このうち、食事療法は、運動する機会がなかなか取れない現代社会でも通常の食生活の中で実行できるメリットはあるものの、栄養に関する知識が不十分なまま偏った知識に基づく無理なダイエットを行うと、体の筋肉の崩壊を起こしやすく、その結果健康的な体に近づくことができない。また、通常の食事の量を減らすことは精神的な苦痛を伴うことから、継続して実施するのが困難である。   Among these, diet therapy has the merit that can be performed in the normal diet even in modern society where it is difficult to exercise, but if you do an unreasonable diet based on biased knowledge with insufficient knowledge about nutrition , Easy to cause muscle muscle collapse, resulting in inaccessible to a healthy body. In addition, reducing the amount of normal meals involves mental distress and is difficult to continue.

一方、運動療法の実行は、糖新生の抑制と肝グリコーゲン蓄積量の低減作用を示すという、糖代謝の正常化効果が得られる療法として、食餌療法と並ぶ糖尿病基本治療法の柱の一つととらえられている。特に、適切な運動療法を実施した場合は、数日間血糖値の上昇抑制が持続するという効果(これは、運動療法の「持続効果」と言われている)に着目されており、この「持続効果」は、筋肉・肝蔵内のグリコーゲンの蓄積量が減少する(より多く血中から糖を取り込めるようになる)ことにより発揮されると考えられている(非特許文献3参照)。しかしながら、社会構造の制約により、運動療法を取り入れる時間がなかなかとることのできない近年の生活環境においては、積極的に運動療法を実行することは非常に困難であるという問題がある。   On the other hand, exercise therapy is regarded as one of the pillars of basic diabetes therapy along with diet, as a therapy that can normalize glucose metabolism by suppressing gluconeogenesis and reducing hepatic glycogen accumulation. It has been. In particular, when appropriate exercise therapy is implemented, attention has been focused on the effect that the suppression of the increase in blood glucose level continues for several days (this is said to be the “sustained effect” of exercise therapy). The “effect” is considered to be exerted by reducing the amount of glycogen accumulated in muscle and liver (more sugar can be taken from blood) (see Non-Patent Document 3). However, there is a problem that it is very difficult to perform exercise therapy positively in a recent living environment where it is not easy to take in exercise therapy due to social structure restrictions.

上述の食餌療法や運動療法でも効果が無い場合や、食餌療法や運動療法を実施することができない場合には薬物療法として、例えば、糖尿病治療薬であるスルホニルウレア剤などが用いられてきているが、肥満という副作用を有することがあることより、運動療法を実施した場合とは逆の結果を与えることが少なくない(非特許文献4参照)。そのため、近年、肝臓における糖代謝に着目した薬剤として肝グリコーゲンホスホリラーゼ阻害剤や肝グルコース6ホスファターゼ阻害剤(糖新生の抑制)の開発が検討されており、その動向が注目されている(非特許文献5参照)。   When the above-mentioned diet therapy and exercise therapy are not effective, or when it is not possible to carry out diet therapy or exercise therapy, for example, sulfonylurea that is a therapeutic drug for diabetes has been used, Since it sometimes has the side effect of obesity, it often gives the opposite result from the exercise therapy (see Non-Patent Document 4). Therefore, in recent years, development of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors and hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase inhibitors (suppression of gluconeogenesis) as drugs focusing on glucose metabolism in the liver has been studied, and the trend has attracted attention (non-patent literature). 5).

以上の如く、より効果的な糖尿病および糖尿病予備軍の治療のためには、糖代謝に着目した運動療法や食餌療法が第一とされている。しかしながら、現代社会はその実施において様々な制約があることより、運動療法のための時間をとることが困難な生活環境でも実行しやすい通常の食生活を通じて、運動療法と同様な糖代謝改善作用を発揮する方法の開発が望まれている。   As described above, exercise therapy and diet therapy focusing on glucose metabolism are the first for more effective treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic reserves. However, because there are various restrictions in the implementation of modern society, it is possible to achieve the same glucose metabolism improving effect as exercise therapy through a normal diet that is easy to perform even in a living environment where it is difficult to take time for exercise therapy. Development of a method that demonstrates this is desired.

そば粉に関しては、これまで、全層粉、内層粉、中層粉、表層粉などというように様々な種類のそば粉が知られている(非特許文献6および7参照)。また、そばの実の種類として、普通種のそば(もしくは通常種のそば)や韃靼そば(もしくは苦そば)が知られている(非特許文献8参照)。しかしながら、本発明の如く特定の割合で、たんぱく質と澱粉質を含有するものは未だ知られていない。また、そば由来のたんぱく質とそば由来食物繊維を含有し、脂肪低減作用および筋肉増強作用を示すそば粉が報告されているが(特許文献1参照)、本発明のそば粉は、そば由来たんぱく質とそば由来澱粉を特定の組成比で含有するそば粉であり、しかも、糖代謝改善作用を示すそば粉であるので、組成および作用動作の面で本発明のそば粉とは異なる。   Regarding buckwheat flour, various types of buckwheat flour such as full-layer powder, inner layer powder, middle layer powder, surface layer powder and the like have been known so far (see Non-Patent Documents 6 and 7). As the types of buckwheat berries, ordinary buckwheat (or normal buckwheat) and persimmon buckwheat (or bitter buckwheat) are known (see Non-Patent Document 8). However, it is not yet known what contains protein and starch at a specific ratio as in the present invention. In addition, buckwheat flour containing buckwheat-derived protein and buckwheat-derived dietary fiber and exhibiting a fat-reducing action and a muscle-strengthening action has been reported (see Patent Document 1), but the buckwheat flour of the present invention has a buckwheat-derived protein and Since it is a buckwheat flour containing buckwheat-derived starch at a specific composition ratio, and is a buckwheat flour that exhibits an action of improving sugar metabolism, it differs from the buckwheat flour of the present invention in terms of composition and action.

これまで、そばは血糖値が上昇しにくい食品である事が報告されている(非特許文献9参照)。しかしながら、これは、そば自身糖が分解され難いが故に、糖として消化管から吸収されるのが遅く、その結果として血糖値の上昇が抑えられるという知見に基づくものであり、糖の代謝改善作用を有することを示すものではなく、しかも、特定の組成比でたんぱく質と澱粉質を含有するそば粉が特に糖代謝の改善作用を有する事は全く報告されていない。   So far, it has been reported that buckwheat is a food that does not easily increase blood sugar levels (see Non-Patent Document 9). However, this is based on the finding that buckwheat itself is difficult to be decomposed, so it is slow to be absorbed from the digestive tract as sugar, and as a result, the increase in blood glucose level can be suppressed. In addition, it has not been reported at all that buckwheat flour containing protein and starch at a specific composition ratio particularly has an effect of improving sugar metabolism.

一方で、韃靼そば粉を含む試料を用いた実験で、該そば粉を正常ラットに投与する場合は血糖値低下作用を示すものの、糖尿病ラットに投与した場合は血糖値低下作用を発揮しないこと(非特許文献10参照)、および糖尿病を発症したラットに苦そば粉を投与しても、糖尿病の悪化を防止することができないことも報告されている(非特許文献11参照)。   On the other hand, in an experiment using a sample containing persimmon buckwheat flour, when the buckwheat flour is administered to normal rats, it exhibits a blood glucose lowering effect, but when administered to diabetic rats, it does not exhibit a blood glucose lowering effect ( It has also been reported that even when bitter buckwheat powder is administered to a rat that has developed diabetes, deterioration of diabetes cannot be prevented (see Non-patent document 11).

河盛隆造,「インスリンの作用と疾患 Number2 肝臓におけるインスリンの作用」,日本医師会雑誌,2000年,第123巻,第9号,p.IS.05−IS.08Takamori Kawamori, "Insulin Action and Diseases, Number2 Liver Insulin Action", Journal of the Japan Medical Association, 2000, Vol. 123, No. 9, p. IS. 05-IS. 08 宮崎滋,「糖尿病の運動療法と臨床検査」,Medical Technology,1996年,第24巻,第10号,p.1013−1018Shigeru Miyazaki, “Exercise Therapy and Clinical Examination for Diabetes Mellitus”, Medical Technology, 1996, Vol. 24, No. 10, p. 1013-1018 小川吉司,「糖尿病の運動療法のポイント」,治療,2001年,第83巻,第11号,p.117−119Yoshiji Ogawa, “Points of Exercise Therapy for Diabetes”, Treatment, 2001, Vol. 83, No. 11, p. 117-119 小野百合,「早期軽症糖尿病の診断・治療と指導のすすめ方 薬物療法のメリットとデメリット スルホニルウレア(SU)剤」,プラクティス,1997年,第14巻,第1号,p.44−49Yuri Ono, “How to Diagnose, Treat and Guidance for Early Mild Diabetes: Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmacotherapy Sulfonylurea (SU)”, Practice, 1997, Vol. 14, No. 1, p. 44-49 新海久,「新しい抗糖尿病薬」,ファルマシア,2000年,第36巻,第8号,p.694−698Shinkai Hisa, “New anti-diabetic drugs”, Pharmacia, 2000, Vol. 36, No. 8, p. 694-698 香川芳子,「五訂食品成分表2001」,初版,女子栄養大学出版部,2001年4月,p.38−39Yoshiko Kagawa, “Fiveth Food Composition Table 2001”, first edition, Women's Nutrition University Press, April 2001, p. 38-39 新島繁,薩摩夘一,「蕎麦の世界」,第5版,株式会社柴田書店,1992年6月25日,p.199−201Shigeru Niijima, Junichi Satsuma, “World of Soba”, 5th edition, Shibata Shoten Co., Ltd., June 25, 1992, p. 199-201 長友大,「ソバの科学(新潮選書)」,第1版,新潮社,昭和59年4月5日二刷,p.40−45Nagatomo, "Soba no Kagaku (Shincho Chosen)", 1st edition, Shinchosha, April 5, 1984, 2nd edition, p. 40-45 坂井真奈美,外1名,「日本食のGlycemic Index」,山陽女子短期大学研究紀要,1996年,第23巻,p.57−64Manami Sakai, 1 other, “Glycemic Index of Japanese Food”, Sanyo Women's Junior College Bulletin, 1996, Vol. 23, p. 57-64 岩田多子,外4名,「ストレプトゾシン糖尿病ラットに及ぼす苦蕎麦の影響」,女子栄養大学大学研究紀要,1991年,第22巻,p.25−30Tako Iwata, 4 others, “Effects of bitter wheat on streptozocin diabetic rats”, Bulletin of Women's Nutrition University, 1991, Vol. 22, p. 25-30 志塚ふじ子,外3名,「ダッタンソバの糖尿病改善効果」,日本栄養・食糧学会総会講演要旨集,1998年,第52巻,p.246Fujiko Shizuka, 3 others, “The effect of tartary buckwheat on diabetes mellitus”, Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science, 1998, Vol. 52, p. 246 特開2004−166666号公報JP 2004-166666 A

本発明の目的は、通常の食生活を通じて摂取可能で、異常な糖代謝に対して、運動療法と同様な改善作用を発揮する食品用組成物およびその製造方法ならびにそれを含有する食品を提供するものである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a food composition that can be ingested through a normal diet and that exhibits an improvement effect similar to exercise therapy for abnormal sugar metabolism, a method for producing the same, and a food containing the same. Is.

本発明の発明者らは、上記課題に鑑み鋭意研究を重ねた結果、肝臓で糖代謝を司っている肝グルコース6ホスファターゼ活性の抑制作用と、肝グリコーゲンの蓄積量を低減する効果を併せ持つという、運動療法を適切に実施した場合と同様な糖代謝改善作用を発揮する新規なそば粉を見出し、本発明を成すに至った。   The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research in view of the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have both an inhibitory action on hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase activity, which is responsible for sugar metabolism in the liver, and an effect of reducing the amount of hepatic glycogen accumulated. The present inventors have found a novel buckwheat flour that exhibits the same glucose metabolism improving effect as that when exercise therapy is appropriately performed, and has achieved the present invention.

即ち、本発明のそば粉は乾燥重量当たりそば由来たんぱく質含有量が40〜45重量%であり、そば由来澱粉質が28〜38重量%になるよう製造されたそば粉であり、そばの実を原料に用い、これに製粉と篩選別を繰り返し施すことにより得ることができる。本発明のそば粉は、この様に、そば由来たんぱく質含有量とそば由来澱粉質とを特定の組成比で含有することで、初めて所望の効果を発揮するという知見を見出すことにより成されたものである。   That is, the buckwheat flour of the present invention is a buckwheat flour produced such that the buckwheat-derived protein content per dry weight is 40 to 45% by weight and the buckwheat-derived starch is 28 to 38% by weight. It can be obtained by using it as a raw material and repeatedly subjecting it to milling and screening. Thus, the buckwheat flour of the present invention is made by finding the knowledge that a desired effect is exhibited for the first time by containing buckwheat-derived protein content and buckwheat-derived starch in a specific composition ratio. It is.

上記の如く、本発明のそば粉は、糖新生の抑制と肝グリコーゲン蓄積量の低減作用を合わせ持つという、運動療法を適切に実施したのと同様な効果が得られることより、運動療法特有の、糖代謝改善作用の「持続的効果」を発揮するものである。しかも、この時、食事量の制限を一切行う必要がないことより、通常の食事量に影響を与えることなく、一般の人でも苦痛を感じること無く日常の食事を通じて糖代謝の改善効果を発揮することが可能である。   As described above, the buckwheat flour of the present invention has the same effect as exercise exercise appropriately, that is, it has both gluconeogenesis inhibition and hepatic glycogen accumulation reduction effect. It exhibits the “sustained effect” of the action of improving sugar metabolism. In addition, at this time, it is not necessary to limit the amount of meals at all, so that it does not affect the normal amount of meals, and even ordinary people feel painful even through ordinary meals. It is possible.

本発明における、異常な糖代謝とは、肝臓における糖の新生と糖の蓄積のバランスが崩れた状態を指し、本発明のそば粉が有する糖代謝改善作用は、糖尿病のみならず、境界型糖尿病(耐糖能異常、糖尿病予備軍)に対しても有効であり、本発明における、糖尿病患者とは、糖尿症状を発症している患者のみならず、境界型糖尿病症状を示す患者(耐糖能異常者、糖尿病予備軍)も含まれる。   In the present invention, abnormal sugar metabolism refers to a state in which the balance between sugar formation and sugar accumulation in the liver is lost, and the sugar metabolism improving action of the buckwheat flour of the present invention is not limited to diabetes, but borderline diabetes. It is also effective for (abnormal glucose tolerance, diabetic reserve army), and in the present invention, a diabetic patient is not only a patient who develops a diabetic condition but also a patient who exhibits borderline diabetic symptoms (a person with impaired glucose tolerance) , Diabetes Reserve).

本発明のそば粉を製造する際に使用するそばの実の品種は、普通種(通常種ともいう)と、韃靼種(苦そばともいう)から得られる実を用いることができ、中でも普通種のそばの実を用いるのが好ましい。そばの実を製粉する際には、殻を取り除いたそばの実を使用するのが好ましく、例えば、殻のついたそば(以後、「玄そば」と言う。)から殻だけを取り除いたもの(以後、「丸抜き」と言う。)、玄そばから殻を取り除いたもので丸抜きより砕けの多いもの(以後、「抜き」と言う。)などがあげられ、中でも丸抜きを使用することが好ましい。   The buckwheat cultivar used in the production of the buckwheat flour of the present invention can be obtained from normal varieties (also referred to as normal varieties) and persimmon varieties (also referred to as bitter buckwheat). It is preferable to use the buckwheat berries. When milling buckwheat noodles, it is preferable to use the buckwheat nuts with the shells removed. For example, the buckwheat noodles (hereinafter referred to as “Gensoba”) with only the shells removed ( (Hereinafter referred to as “round-off”), and those with the shell removed from the soba, which are more crushed than round-out (hereinafter referred to as “extract”). preferable.

本発明のそば粉を製造する際に実施する製粉法または製粉装置は特に限定されず、通常使用されている製粉法、製粉装置であれば良く、例えばロール製粉機、石臼などを用いて行うことができ、中でも石臼製粉機が好ましい。   The milling method or milling apparatus to be carried out when producing the buckwheat flour of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any milling method or milling apparatus that is usually used may be used. For example, it is performed using a roll mill, a millstone, or the like. Of these, a stone mill is preferable.

そばの実におけるたんぱく質および澱粉質は均一に含まれているわけではないため、本発明のそば粉の様に、たんぱく質と澱粉質を特定の割合で含有するそば粉は、例えば、以下の方法により得ることができる。即ち、そばの実の製粉操作と、製粉した後に得られる粉砕物を目開き400〜550μmの篩(以後、「第一使用の篩」と言う)で選別する操作を繰り返し実施し、篩を通過するそばの実の粉砕物の歩留の総計が90〜95%となった時点で、目開き100〜250μmの篩(以後、「第二使用の篩」と言う)に切り替え、今度はその通過率が95〜100%となるよう再び製粉と篩濾過を繰り返し実施する事により、乾燥重量当りのそば由来たんぱく質の含有量が40〜45重量%、そば由来澱粉質の含有量が28〜38重量%であるそば粉を得る事ができる。   Since buckwheat protein and starch are not uniformly contained, buckwheat containing a specific ratio of protein and starch can be obtained, for example, by the following method. Obtainable. That is, repeating the operation of milling buckwheat berries and selecting the pulverized material obtained after milling with a sieve having an opening of 400 to 550 μm (hereinafter referred to as “first-use sieve”) and passing through the sieve When the total yield of crushed buckwheat berries reaches 90-95%, switch to a sieve with an opening of 100-250 μm (hereinafter referred to as “second-use sieve”). By repeatedly performing milling and sieving again so that the rate becomes 95-100%, the content of buckwheat-derived protein per dry weight is 40-45 wt%, and the content of buckwheat-derived starch is 28-38 wt% % Buckwheat flour can be obtained.

本発明におけるそば由来たんぱく質とは、そばの実に含まれるたんぱく質を意味し、そばの実に含まれているものであれば特に限定されない。また、本発明におけるそば由来澱粉質とは、そばの実に含まれている澱粉質を意味し、そばの実に含まれる澱粉質であれば特に限定されない。   The buckwheat-derived protein in the present invention means a protein contained in buckwheat berries, and is not particularly limited as long as it is contained in buckwheat berries. In addition, the buckwheat-derived starchy substance in the present invention means a starchy substance contained in buckwheat berries, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a starchy substance contained in buckwheat berries.

本発明のそば粉において、そば由来たんぱく質のより好ましい含有量は乾燥重量当り41〜44重量%であり、そば由来澱粉質のより好ましい含有量は乾燥重量当たり30〜35重量%である。   In the buckwheat flour of the present invention, the more preferred content of buckwheat derived protein is 41 to 44% by weight per dry weight, and the more preferred content of buckwheat derived starch is 30 to 35% by weight per dry weight.

第一使用の篩は、目開きが400〜550μmのものであればよく、450〜500μmのものがより好ましく、中でも460〜480μmの篩が好ましい。篩の目開きが400μm以下のものを使用した場合は本発明のそば粉を得るのに手間がかかり、また篩の目開きが550μm以上のものを使用した場合は粉砕物の通過率から本発明のそば粉を得ることが困難となる。篩選別時には篩の目開きが400〜550μmの範囲に収まるものであれば毎回同じ目開きのものを繰り返し使用しなくても良い。   The sieve used for the first use only needs to have an opening of 400 to 550 μm, more preferably 450 to 500 μm, and particularly preferably a sieve of 460 to 480 μm. When a sieve with a sieve opening of 400 μm or less is used, it takes time to obtain the buckwheat flour of the present invention. When a sieve with a sieve opening of 550 μm or more is used, the present invention is determined from the passage rate of the pulverized product. It becomes difficult to obtain buckwheat flour. As long as the sieve opening is within the range of 400 to 550 μm, it is not necessary to repeatedly use the same opening each time.

第二使用の篩は、目開きが100〜250μmのものであればよく、150〜230μmのものがより好ましく、中でも180〜210μmの篩が好ましい。篩の目開きが100μm以下のものを使用した場合は本発明のそば粉を得るのに手間がかかり、また篩の目開きが250μm以上のものを使用した場合は粉砕物の通過率から本発明のそば粉を得ることが困難となる。篩選別時には篩の目開きが100〜250μmの範囲に収まるものであれば毎回同じ目開きのものを繰り返し使用しなくても良い。   The sieve used for the second use only needs to have an opening of 100 to 250 μm, more preferably 150 to 230 μm, and particularly preferably a sieve of 180 to 210 μm. When a sieve having a sieve opening of 100 μm or less is used, it takes time to obtain the buckwheat flour of the present invention. When a sieve having a sieve opening of 250 μm or more is used, the present invention is determined from the passage rate of the pulverized product. It becomes difficult to obtain buckwheat flour. As long as the sieve opening is within the range of 100 to 250 μm during screening, it is not necessary to repeatedly use the same opening each time.

原料のそばの実を石臼製粉機に投入する速度、もしくは篩による選別時に、篩を通過しなかったそば粉を再度石臼製粉機に投入する速度は、石臼製粉機のサイズ、機能によって左右されるため特に限定するものではないが、直径50〜70cm、回転速度140〜160rpmのタイプの石臼製粉機においては毎時25〜50kgが好ましく、中でも毎時30〜35kgの速度で投入するのが望ましい。石臼製粉機を使用する場合の石臼間隙は、通常そばの実を製粉できる値であれば特に限定されない。また、石臼の自重と原料投入量によってできる間隙幅においても同様である。   The speed at which the raw buckwheat seeds are fed into the mill, or the speed at which the buckwheat flour that has not passed through the sieve at the time of sorting with the sieve is again fed into the mill is dependent on the size and function of the mill. Therefore, although not particularly limited, in a stone mill with a diameter of 50 to 70 cm and a rotational speed of 140 to 160 rpm, 25 to 50 kg per hour is preferable, and it is desirable to feed at a rate of 30 to 35 kg per hour. The stone mill gap in the case of using a millstone mill is not particularly limited as long as it is a value that can normally mill buckwheat berries. The same applies to the gap width formed by the weight of the stone mill and the amount of raw material input.

本発明のそば粉の製造において本発明のそば粉をより効率良くそばの実より製粉する方法としては、以下の通りである。そばの実(丸抜き)を原料に用い、これを石臼製粉機を用いて製粉したものを目開き400〜550μmの第一使用の篩を用いて篩選別する。このとき篩を通過するそばの粉砕物の歩留が90〜95%になるまで製粉と篩選別とを繰り返し施し、歩留が90〜95%になった時点で篩上に残留するそばの実の粉砕物を目開き100〜250μmである第二使用の篩の通過率が95〜100%になるよう再び石臼製粉機による製粉と篩濾過を繰り返し施すことにより、本発明のそば粉を得る事ができる。   In the production of buckwheat flour of the present invention, the method of milling the buckwheat flour of the present invention more efficiently from buckwheat berries is as follows. Soba buckwheat (rounded) is used as a raw material, and this is milled using a stone mill and screened using a first-use sieve having an opening of 400 to 550 μm. At this time, milling and sieving are repeatedly performed until the yield of the buckwheat pulverized product passing through the sieve reaches 90 to 95%, and when the yield reaches 90 to 95%, the buckwheat berries remaining on the sieve The buckwheat flour of the present invention can be obtained by repeatedly subjecting the pulverized product to milling by a stone mill and sieve filtration so that the passing rate of the second used sieve having an opening of 100 to 250 μm is 95 to 100%. Can do.

本発明のそば粉は、味、風味共に一般のそば粉と変わりがないため、通常の食事として何ら問題なく摂取することが可能で、糖代謝改善作用を期待することができるものであり、個人の好み、食習慣、体調、体質等を考慮し、その使用量を適宜改善することができる。   The buckwheat flour of the present invention has the same taste and flavor as ordinary buckwheat flour, so it can be taken without any problem as a normal meal and can be expected to improve glucose metabolism. The amount of use can be appropriately improved in consideration of taste, eating habits, physical condition, constitution and the like.

本発明のそば粉は、汎用な食品素材としての性質を有しており、加工食品および加工食品を製造するための原料として使用することができる。例えば、一般的なそば打ちの手法(例えば、新島繁等著,「蕎麦の世界」,柴田書店発行、に記載の方法)により直接に麺を製したり、あるいは既存の食品に添加することにより、乾燥重量当たり、そば由来たんぱく質とそば由来澱粉質の組成比が40:28〜45:38で含有する菓子、パン等を得ることができるため、バラエティーに富んだ加工食品とすることができる。従って、本発明のそば粉は、それを含む種々の食品から摂取することが可能となり、本発明のそば粉の必要量を個人の体調、体質あるいは嗜好等に従い無理なく、日常的に摂取することができる。このように、本発明のそば粉を食品素材として利用することで糖代謝改善作用を期待できるため、一般食品をはじめ、健康食品、特別用途食品、特定保健用食品(条件付き特定保険用食品を含む)、栄養機能食品または食餌療法食品として、もしくはこれら食品の素材として提供することができる。   The buckwheat flour of the present invention has properties as a general-purpose food material and can be used as a raw material for producing processed foods and processed foods. For example, by making noodles directly or adding them to existing foods using a common soba noodle making method (for example, the method described in Shigeru Niijima, “Soba no Sekai”, published by Shibata Shoten) Moreover, since the composition ratio of buckwheat-derived protein and buckwheat-derived starch is 40:28 to 45:38 per dry weight, it is possible to obtain a processed food rich in variety. Therefore, the buckwheat flour of the present invention can be ingested from various foods containing it, and the necessary amount of the buckwheat flour of the present invention can be taken daily without difficulty according to the physical condition, constitution or taste of the individual. Can do. In this way, the use of the buckwheat flour of the present invention as a food material can be expected to improve sugar metabolism, so that general foods, health foods, special-purpose foods, foods for specified health use (conditional specified insurance foods) Including), a functional nutritional food or a dietary food, or as a material for these foods.

本発明は、上述のような加工法により広範な食品素材として利用できるものである上、本発明のそば粉は日常頻繁に食されているそばを利用して製造されているものであるから、安全で健康的に優れた食品素材として好適なそば粉を提供するものである。   Since the present invention can be used as a wide range of food materials by the processing methods as described above, the buckwheat flour of the present invention is manufactured using buckwheat that is frequently eaten everyday, The present invention provides buckwheat flour suitable as a safe and healthy food material.

本発明のそば粉を糖代謝の改善のために使用する場合は、食事量の制限をせずともその効果を発揮するので、通常の食事量に影響を与えることなく、一般の人でも苦痛を感じることなく日常の食事を通じて容易に摂取することで、運動療法を適切に実施した場合に近い糖代謝改善効果を発揮することが可能である。また、糖尿病の国民医療費に占める割合は少なくないことより、医療費削減の観点からも極めて有用である。   When the buckwheat flour of the present invention is used for improving sugar metabolism, the effect is exerted without restricting the amount of meal, so that even ordinary people can suffer without affecting the normal amount of meal. Easily ingesting through daily meals without feeling, it is possible to exert a glucose metabolism improving effect close to that when exercise therapy is appropriately performed. In addition, since diabetes accounts for a small percentage of national medical expenses, it is extremely useful from the viewpoint of reducing medical expenses.

本発明の内容を以下の実施例、実験例でさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの内容に限定されるものではない。   The contents of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited to these contents.

(実施例1)
普通種のそばの実(丸抜き:100kg)を田中三次郎商店式石臼製粉機に投入速度毎時30kgで製粉した。得られたそばの実の粉砕物全量を目開き475μmの篩で篩選別し、篩を通過した粉砕物(72.1kg)を得た(これを粉砕物イと呼ぶ)。篩上に残留した粉砕物を再び同条件下で製粉し、得られた粉砕物を同条件下で篩選別し、篩を通過した粉砕物(21.2kg)を得た(これを粉砕物ロと呼ぶ)。粉砕物イ・ロの合計歩留が93.3%となったので、このとき篩上に残留した粉砕物を同条件で製粉を施し、目開き200μmの篩の通過率が100%のそば粉(6.7kg)を得た。得られたこのそば粉を実験1および2に用いた。
Example 1
Common seed buckwheat (rounded: 100 kg) was milled into Tanaka Sanjiro Shoten's stone mill at a rate of 30 kg per hour. The total amount of the pulverized material of buckwheat berries obtained was screened with a sieve having an opening of 475 μm to obtain a pulverized material (72.1 kg) that passed through the sieve (this is referred to as pulverized material a). The pulverized product remaining on the sieve was again milled under the same conditions, and the obtained pulverized product was screened under the same conditions to obtain a pulverized product (21.2 kg) that passed through the sieve. Called). Since the total yield of the pulverized material (ii) was 93.3%, the pulverized material remaining on the sieve was milled under the same conditions, and the buckwheat flour with a passing rate of 100% (measuring 200 μm) was used. (6.7 kg) was obtained. The obtained buckwheat flour was used in Experiments 1 and 2.

実施例1で得られたそば粉について、それが含有する水分、たんぱく質、澱粉質について含有量分析を行った。含有量分析は、五訂食品成分表2001(女子栄養大学出版部)に記載の方法で乾燥重量当たりの値として計算し求めた。   About the buckwheat flour obtained in Example 1, content analysis was performed about the water | moisture content, protein, and starchy substance which it contains. The content analysis was calculated and calculated as a value per dry weight by the method described in Fifth Food Composition Table 2001 (Joshi Women's Nutrition University Press).

Figure 0004754920
Figure 0004754920

(実施例2)
実施例1で得られたそば粉(800g)と小麦粉(銘柄「ふじ」:日穀製粉株式会社製200g)とを関東ミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社製)に投入し良く混合した。次いで水(270mL)を加え、混合しながら練り上げた後、複合および圧延作業を施し、最終的に厚さ1.3mmの麺帯を得た。これを切り刃20番で切り出し、そば麺を得た。
(Example 2)
The buckwheat flour (800 g) obtained in Example 1 and wheat flour (brand “Fuji”: 200 g manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) were introduced into a Kanto mixer (manufactured by Kanto Blender Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and mixed well. Next, water (270 mL) was added, kneaded while mixing, and then subjected to composite and rolling operations to finally obtain a noodle strip having a thickness of 1.3 mm. This was cut out with a cutting blade No. 20 to obtain soba noodles.

(参考例1)そば由来たんぱく質を高濃度で含有するそば抽出物(以後、BWPEと称する)の調整
そば粉(A萬寿:日穀製粉製:40kg)に水(230L)を加え懸濁した後、これに水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(10W/W%濃度)を加えpH8.1に調整した後、室温下で60分間撹拌した。得られた混合物を連続遠心分離機(7500G)で処理し、分取した液層を濾過後、10%塩酸を加えて中和し、これを殺菌のために加熱した後、スプレードライ法により乾燥し、乳白色の粉末(5.3kg)を得た。これをBWPEとして実験例1に用いた。
(Reference Example 1) Preparation of buckwheat extract (hereinafter referred to as BWPE) containing buckwheat-derived protein at a high concentration Water (230 L) was added to and suspended in buckwheat flour (A 萬 jutsu: made from cereal flour: 40 kg). Thereafter, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (10 W / W% concentration) was added thereto to adjust to pH 8.1, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes. The obtained mixture was treated with a continuous centrifuge (7500G), the separated liquid layer was filtered, neutralized with 10% hydrochloric acid, heated for sterilization, and then dried by spray drying. As a result, a milky white powder (5.3 kg) was obtained. This was used as Experimental Example 1 as BWPE.

(実験1)KKAyマウスにおける糖代謝改善作用の確認試験
5日間予備飼育した5週齢のKKAyマウスを、1群9匹からなる対照群(A群:そば粉を含まない試料、B群:BWPE処置群)および試験群(C群:実施例1のそば粉を含有する試料)に構成し、試験に用いた。
実験は、下記表2記載の食餌組成からなる試験食を各試験群のマウスに与え自由摂食で9週間飼育した。A群には本発明のそば粉の代わりに、カゼインを混入し表1の組成で調整した実験食Aを、B群には参考例1で得られたBWPEを混入し表1の組成で調整した実験食Bを、C群には実施例1で得られたそば粉を混入し表1の組成で調整した実験食Cをそれぞれ与え、9週間飼育した。飼育終了後、A〜C群について各々、経口糖負荷試験を実施した。実験終了後に肝臓を摘出し、肝グルコース6ホスファターゼ活性および肝グリコーゲン蓄積量を測定した。
この実験期間中、A〜C群について各々、実験終了までの体重変化、実験食の摂取量を経時的に測定したが、体重変化および実験食の摂取量はA〜C群間で有意差は無く、本発明のそば粉の体重、摂食量に対する悪影響は認められなかった。
(Experiment 1) Confirmation test of glucose metabolism improving effect in KKAy mice A 5-week-old KKAy mouse preliminarily raised for 5 days was used as a control group (group A: sample without buckwheat, group B: BWPE). Treatment group) and test group (group C: sample containing buckwheat flour of Example 1) and used for the test.
In the experiment, a test diet having the diet composition shown in Table 2 below was given to mice of each test group and reared for 9 weeks by free feeding. In Group A, instead of the buckwheat flour of the present invention, experimental food A mixed with casein and adjusted according to the composition shown in Table 1 was mixed with Group B containing BWPE obtained in Reference Example 1 and adjusted according to the composition shown in Table 1. The experimental food B was mixed with the experimental food C prepared by mixing the buckwheat flour obtained in Example 1 with the composition shown in Table 1, and was raised for 9 weeks. After completion of the breeding, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on groups A to C, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the liver was removed, and hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase activity and hepatic glycogen accumulation were measured.
During this experimental period, the change in body weight and the amount of intake of experimental food were measured over time for each of the groups A to C, but the weight change and the amount of intake of experimental food were not significantly different between the groups A to C. There was no adverse effect on the body weight and food intake of the buckwheat flour of the present invention.

Figure 0004754920
Figure 0004754920

(肝グルコース6ホスファターゼ活性の測定)
Baginsky等の方法(Baginsky ES,外2名,「Glucose−6−phosphatase」,Method of Enzymatic Analysis,1974年,第2巻,p.876−880)に準じて、肝臓中のグルコース6ホスファターゼ活性を測定し、肝臓100g当たりの総酵素活性としての結果を表3に示した。
(Measurement of hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase activity)
According to the method of Baginsky et al. (Baginsky ES, two others, “Glucose-6-phosphate”, Method of Enzymatic Analysis, 1974, Vol. 2, p.876-880), glucose 6 phosphatase activity in the liver was determined. The results are shown in Table 3 as the total enzyme activity per 100 g of liver.

Figure 0004754920
*が付された結果は、A群に対し危険率5%以内の有意差があったことを示している。
Figure 0004754920
The results marked with * indicate that there was a significant difference within 5% of the risk rate for Group A.

表3に示すとおり、実施例1で得られたそば粉を含有する実験食Cを与えたC群の糖尿病マウスだけに、有意な肝グルコース6ホスファターゼ活性の抑制効果が見られ、これは、本発明のそば粉のみが、糖新生の抑制効果を発揮することを示すものである。   As shown in Table 3, only the diabetic mice in Group C fed the experimental diet C containing buckwheat flour obtained in Example 1 showed a significant effect of suppressing hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase activity. Only the buckwheat flour of the invention exhibits an inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis.

(肝グリコーゲン蓄積量の測定)
Montgomeryの方法(Montgomery R.,「Determination of glycogen」,Arch Biochem Biophys,1957年,第67巻,p.378−386)に準じて、肝臓中のグリコーゲン量を測定し、肝臓100g当たりの総量としての結果を表4に示した。
(Measurement of liver glycogen accumulation)
According to the method of Montgomery (Montgomery R., “Determination of glycogen”, Arch Biochem Biophys, 1957, Vol. 67, p. 378-386), the amount of glycogen in the liver was measured, and the total amount per 100 g of liver The results are shown in Table 4.

Figure 0004754920
*が付された結果は、A群に対し危険率5%以内の有意差があったことを示している。
Figure 0004754920
The results marked with * indicate that there was a significant difference within 5% of the risk rate for Group A.

表4に示す結果より、実施例1で得られたそば粉を含有する実験食Cを与えたC群の糖尿病マウスだけに、有意な肝グルコース蓄積量の低減作用が見られ、これは、本発明のそば粉のみが、肝グルコース蓄積量低減効果を発揮することを示すものである。   From the results shown in Table 4, only the diabetic mice in Group C fed the experimental diet C containing buckwheat flour obtained in Example 1 showed a significant hepatic glucose accumulation reducing effect. Only the buckwheat flour of the invention shows the effect of reducing hepatic glucose accumulation.

(糖負荷試験)
グルコースを溶解させた生理食塩水から調整したグルコース液を、マウスに2g/kgとなるよう腹腔内投与し、その後の血糖値の推移を測定した。グルコース液の投与前、投与後30分の時点において、マウス尾静脈より採血し、血漿を分離した後、Glucose C−II Test Wakoキット(Wako社製)を用いて、グルコース濃度を測定しこれを血糖値とし、結果を表5に示した。また、グルコース液投与前と投与後30分後の間でどれだけ血糖値が上昇したかを計算し、同様に表5に示した。
(Sugar tolerance test)
A glucose solution prepared from a physiological saline in which glucose was dissolved was intraperitoneally administered to the mouse at 2 g / kg, and the subsequent blood glucose level was measured. Before and after administration of glucose solution, blood was collected from the mouse tail vein and plasma was separated, and the glucose concentration was measured using Glucose C-II Test Wako kit (manufactured by Wako). The blood glucose level was determined and the results are shown in Table 5. Further, how much the blood glucose level increased between before administration of glucose solution and 30 minutes after administration was calculated and similarly shown in Table 5.

Figure 0004754920
*が付された結果は、A群に対し危険率5%以内の有意差があったことを示している。
Figure 0004754920
The results marked with * indicate that there was a significant difference within 5% of the risk rate for Group A.

本耐糖能試験において、表5に示す結果より、実施例1で得られたそば粉を含有する実験食Cを与えたC群の糖尿病マウスだけに、有意な血糖値上昇抑制作用が見られたことは、本発明のそば粉が、異常な糖代謝の改善効果をした結果、耐糖能の改善効果を発揮したことを示すものである。   In the present glucose tolerance test, from the results shown in Table 5, only a diabetic mouse in group C fed the experimental diet C containing buckwheat flour obtained in Example 1 showed a significant blood glucose level increase inhibitory effect. This indicates that the buckwheat flour of the present invention exerted the effect of improving glucose tolerance as a result of the effect of improving abnormal sugar metabolism.

本発明は、上述のように誰でも摂取が容易な食品素材として利用できるであるので、日常の食事を通じて無理なく継続的に長期にわたり摂取でき、より運動療法に近い効果を期待できる食品用組成物として用いることができる。   Since the present invention can be used as a food material that anyone can easily consume as described above, the composition for foods can be ingested continuously over a long period of time through daily meals and can be expected to have an effect closer to exercise therapy. Can be used as

Claims (1)

そばの実の製粉と、それを目開き400〜550μmの篩で選別する操作を繰り返し、篩を通過するそばの実の粉砕物の歩留の総計が90〜95%となった時点で、篩上に残留するそばの実の粉砕物を、目開き100〜250μmの篩の通過率が95〜100%となるよう製粉と篩選別の操作を繰り返す事を特徴とする、乾燥重量当たり、たんぱく質含有量が40〜45重量%、澱粉質含有量が28〜38重量%であるそば粉の製造方法。 Repeat the operation of milling buckwheat berries and screening them with a sieve having an opening of 400 to 550 μm. When the total yield of crushed buckwheat berries passing through the sieve reaches 90 to 95%, Containing protein per dry weight, characterized by repeating milling and sieving operations for the buckwheat crushed powder remaining on the sieve so that the passing rate of the sieve having an opening of 100 to 250 μm is 95 to 100% A method for producing buckwheat flour having an amount of 40 to 45% by weight and a starch content of 28 to 38% by weight .
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