JP4736156B2 - Battery device - Google Patents

Battery device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4736156B2
JP4736156B2 JP2000051500A JP2000051500A JP4736156B2 JP 4736156 B2 JP4736156 B2 JP 4736156B2 JP 2000051500 A JP2000051500 A JP 2000051500A JP 2000051500 A JP2000051500 A JP 2000051500A JP 4736156 B2 JP4736156 B2 JP 4736156B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
secondary battery
main body
pressure
battery
voltage
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000051500A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001243991A5 (en
JP2001243991A (en
Inventor
村井  哲也
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GS Yuasa International Ltd
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GS Yuasa International Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は非水電解液型の二次電池本体を備えた電池装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
二次電池を充電する際には、電池電圧が過剰に高くならないように制御される。しかし、非水電解液を使用した電池、例えばリチウムイオン電池では、充電電圧を制御するだけでは、充電後に二次電池本体内の圧力が異常に上昇することがあるという問題が指摘されてきた。
【0003】
その原因は、リチウムイオン電池を4.1V以上の充電状態として高温雰囲気に放置すると、正極表面で電解液が分解反応を起こし、それによってガスが発生するためであることが究明されている。このような条件は、例えばリチウムイオン電池を電源とした携帯電話を、充電状態のまま夏の車中に放置することにより成立することがある。近年のリチウムイオン電池は、高電圧充電化が進み、しかも二次電池本体は耐圧が低いアルミニウムケースやアルミニウムラミネートフィルムを使用しているものがあるから、内圧上昇によって二次電池本体が膨らみ、最悪の場合には破裂や漏液に至るおそれもある。
そこで、本発明は、過剰な内圧上昇を防止できる非水電解液型電池装置及び電池パックを提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
本発明に係る電池装置は、非水電解液型の二次電池本体を備え、前記二次電池本体内の圧力を検出する圧力検出手段及び放電制御手段を設け、前記圧力検出手段により前記二次電池本体内の圧力が所定値以上に上昇したことを検出したときに前記放電制御手段により前記二次電池本体を前記非水電解液の分解電圧以下に放電させ、前記二次電池本体の電圧が前記非水電解液の分解電圧以下にまで低下したときに前記放電制御手段により前記放電を停止して前記二次電池本体を放電していない状態に戻す電池装置において、前記電池装置は前記二次電池本体及びこれを収容する電池ケースを備え、圧力検出手段は二次電池本体の表面に備えられ、二次電池本体が膨張することにより生じる前記圧力検出手段の圧縮によって、圧力検出手段が二次電池本体内の圧力が所定値以上に上昇したものと検出する構成とした。さらに、二次電池本体の発電要素を収容する袋がラミネートフィルムであることを構成とした。
【0006】
【発明の作用及び効果】
正極表面における電解液の分解反応は、電池温度が高くても電池電圧を電解液の分解電圧以下に低下させれば、抑えられることが判っている。
従って、本発明によれば、圧力検出手段によって二次電池本体の内圧が上昇したことが検出されると、二次電池本体が放電されて電池電圧が非水電解液の分解電圧以下にされるから、電解液の分解反応が抑制されてガス発生が止まり、二次電池本体の内圧上昇が防止される。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る電池装置を携帯電話用の電池パックに適用した。その一実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。図1は本実施形態に係る電池パックの全体構造を分解して示すものである。これは、例えば扁平箱形をなす合成樹脂製の電池ケース10の内部に二次電池本体20を収容して蓋11にて密閉した構造をなし、図示しない携帯電話に着脱自在に装着される。電池ケース10の一方の面の端部には外部電極用窓12から二次電池本体20に設けた外部電極26が覗いており、電池ケース10が図示しない携帯電話機に装着されたときにその携帯電話機の内部回路と接続されて二次電池本体20の充電及び放電が可能になる。
【0008】
前記二次電池本体20は、扁平な渦巻き状に巻回されている発電要素21をプラスチックフィルム製の袋22に収容し、その開口を密閉して製造されている。上記発電要素21は、詳細には図示しないが、正負の両極板をセパレータを挟んで巻回して構成され、正極活物質を例えばリチウムコバルト酸化物とすると共に負極活物質をグラファイトとし、かつセパレータに含浸させた電解液としてエチレンカーボネイト、ジエチルカーボネイト及びジメチルカーボネイトを2:1:2の割合に混合した混合液に六弗化リン酸リチウムを添加したものを使用した周知の非水電解液型二次電池であるリチウムイオン電池を構成する。また、プラスチックフィルムは、アルミニウム箔をラミネートした耐圧性及び密閉性に優れたものを使用している。
【0009】
この二次電池本体20の端部からは正負一対のリード線(図示せず)が導出され、これが二次電池本体20の端部に設けた制御回路基板25に接続され、この制御回路基板25に設けた安全回路等を介して外部電極26に接続されている。
【0010】
また、前記二次電池本体20の外表面には、圧力検出手段に相当する感圧抵抗素子27が固定されている。この感圧抵抗素子27は、二次電池本体20が電池ケース10内に収容された状態で電池ケース10の内面と二次電池本体20の外面との間に挟まれ、二次電池本体20が内圧上昇によって膨張すると電池ケース10の内面に押し付けられて圧縮力を受ける。
【0011】
上記制御回路基板25に搭載された電気的構成は図3に示す通りである。二次電池本体20の正極側のリードが外部電極26の一方に接続され、負極側のリード線が常時はオン状態にされている制御用FET28を介して他方の外部電極26に接続されている。また、リード線間には放電抵抗29及び放電用FET30を順に連ねた放電回路31が設けられ、その放電用FET30は常時はオフ状態にあるが、これがオンすることにより二次電池本体20を放電させることができる。そして、リード線間の電圧を供給した放電制御IC32が設けられ、ここから感圧抵抗素子27に電圧が印加されている。この放電制御IC32は、常時は、放電用FET30をオフ、制御用FET28をオン状態としているが、感圧抵抗素子27の抵抗値が所定値を下回ると各FET28,30を反転させ、そして二次電池本体20のリード線間の電圧が例えば4.1Vにまで低下すると、各FET28,30を再び反転させて当初の状態に戻すように構成されている。
【0012】
本実施形態の作用は次の通りである。携帯電話機が充電器にセットされているとき、制御FET28はオン、放電用FET30はオフされており、二次電池本体20は充電器に接続された状態にある。二次電池本体20が満充電に至ると、その電圧は4.2V程度に達するが、特に問題は生じない。ここで、万一、携帯電話機が例えば夏の車中に放置される等の高温雰囲気に晒されると、二次電池本体20も異常な高温度となり、その結果、二次電池本体20内の正極表面で電解液が分解反応を起こし、それによってガスが発生することがある。
【0013】
すると、二次電池本体20は密閉状態にあるから、内部圧力が高まり、二次電池本体20は膨張傾向を呈する。すると、二次電池本体20と電池ケース10との間に挟まれている感圧抵抗素子27が圧縮され、その抵抗値が低下するため、これが放電制御IC32に検出されて放電制御IC32は制御用FET28をオフとし、かつ、放電用FET30をオンとする。この結果、二次電池本体20が充電器から切り離されると共に、放電回路31によって放電が行われ、電池電圧は徐々に低下する。そして、電池電圧が電解液の分解電圧(この実施形態では例えば4.1V)以下に低下すると、放電制御IC32は放電用FET30をオフさせ、制御用FET30をオンさせる。この結果、それ以上の電解液の分解が抑制され、内圧上昇が抑えられるから、電池パックが異常に膨張したり、甚だしくは破裂に至ったりすることを未然に防止することができる。
【0014】
以上述べたように、本実施形態では二次電池本体20の内圧が上昇すると、これを感圧抵抗素子27が検知して電池電圧を電解液の分解電圧以下まで放電させるから、電池パックが異常に膨張したり、破裂したりすることを確実に防止することができるという効果を奏する。
【0015】
本発明は上記記述及び図面によって説明した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば次のような実施の形態も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれ、さらに、下記以外にも要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々変更して実施することができる。
【0016】
(1)上記実施形態では、二次電池本体20を電池ケース10内に保護回路等と共に収容して電池パックとして構成し、これを携帯電話機に着脱自在に装着する構成を例示したが、これに限られるものではない。例えば、二次電池本体を機器内に直接に組み込んだ組み込み構造の電池装置にも適用することができる。この場合には、機器の所要部分と二次電池本体との間に感圧抵抗素子その他の圧力検出手段を配置する構成とすればよい。
【0017】
(2)圧力検出手段としては、感圧抵抗素子に限らず、例えば機械的接点を備えた一般的なスイッチを配置し、二次電池本体のケーシングが膨張したときにそのスイッチ接点が閉じることをもって検出することができる。また、ピエゾ素子等を利用することもでき、要は、二次電池本体の圧力自体、或いはそれに基づくケーシングの変形等の他の物理量の変化を検出する構成であればよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の一実施形態を示す電池パックの一部破断斜視図
【図2】 その断面図
【図3】 電池パック内の電気回路を示すブロック図
【符号の説明】
10……電池ケース
20……二次電池本体
25……制御回路基板
27……感圧抵抗素子(圧力検出手段)
28……制御用FET
29……放電抵抗
30……放電用FET
31……放電回路
32……放電制御IC
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a battery equipment comprising a rechargeable battery body of non-aqueous electrolyte type.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
When charging the secondary battery, the battery voltage is controlled so as not to become excessively high. However, in a battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, a lithium ion battery, it has been pointed out that the pressure in the secondary battery body may rise abnormally after charging only by controlling the charging voltage.
[0003]
It has been investigated that the cause is that if a lithium ion battery is left in a high temperature atmosphere with a charged state of 4.1 V or higher, the electrolytic solution undergoes a decomposition reaction on the positive electrode surface, thereby generating gas. Such a condition may be satisfied, for example, by leaving a mobile phone powered by a lithium ion battery in a summer car in a charged state. In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been charged at a high voltage, and secondary battery bodies use aluminum cases and aluminum laminate films that have low pressure resistance. In this case, there is a risk of rupture or leakage.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte battery device and a battery pack that can prevent an excessive increase in internal pressure.
[0005]
A battery device according to the present invention includes a non-aqueous electrolyte type secondary battery main body, and includes pressure detection means and discharge control means for detecting pressure in the secondary battery main body, and the secondary battery is detected by the pressure detection means. When it is detected that the pressure in the battery body has risen above a predetermined value, the discharge control means causes the secondary battery body to discharge below the decomposition voltage of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the voltage of the secondary battery body is In the battery device that stops the discharge by the discharge control means and returns the secondary battery body to a state in which the secondary battery main body is not discharged when the voltage drops below the decomposition voltage of the non-aqueous electrolyte, the battery device is the secondary battery A battery main body and a battery case that accommodates the battery main body are provided, and the pressure detection means is provided on the surface of the secondary battery main body, and the pressure detection means is secondary by the compression of the pressure detection means caused by expansion of the secondary battery main body. Pressure Ikemoto body is configured to detect assumed that rises above a predetermined value. Further, the bag for housing the power generation element of the secondary battery body is a laminate film.
[0006]
[Action and effect of the invention]
It has been found that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution on the surface of the positive electrode can be suppressed even if the battery temperature is high if the battery voltage is lowered below the decomposition voltage of the electrolytic solution.
Therefore, according to the present invention, when it is detected by the pressure detection means that the internal pressure of the secondary battery main body has increased, the secondary battery main body is discharged and the battery voltage is reduced below the decomposition voltage of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, gas generation is stopped, and an increase in the internal pressure of the secondary battery body is prevented.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The battery device according to the present invention was applied to a battery pack for a mobile phone . It will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings an embodiment thereof. FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the overall structure of the battery pack according to the present embodiment. For example, the secondary battery main body 20 is housed in a battery case 10 made of a synthetic resin having a flat box shape and sealed with a lid 11 and is detachably attached to a mobile phone (not shown). An external electrode 26 provided on the secondary battery body 20 is viewed from the end of one surface of the battery case 10 through the external electrode window 12, and when the battery case 10 is attached to a mobile phone (not shown), The secondary battery main body 20 can be charged and discharged by being connected to the internal circuit of the telephone.
[0008]
The secondary battery body 20 is manufactured by housing a power generation element 21 wound in a flat spiral shape in a plastic film bag 22 and sealing the opening thereof. Although not shown in detail, the power generating element 21 is configured by winding positive and negative electrode plates with a separator interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode active material is, for example, lithium cobalt oxide, the negative electrode active material is graphite, and the separator A well-known non-aqueous electrolyte type secondary solution using a mixture of ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate mixed in a ratio of 2: 1: 2 with lithium hexafluorophosphate added as the impregnated electrolyte A lithium ion battery which is a battery is configured. Moreover, the plastic film uses what was excellent in the pressure | voltage resistance and airtightness which laminated the aluminum foil.
[0009]
A pair of positive and negative lead wires (not shown) are led out from the end of the secondary battery main body 20 and connected to a control circuit board 25 provided at the end of the secondary battery main body 20. Is connected to the external electrode 26 via a safety circuit or the like.
[0010]
In addition, a pressure sensitive resistance element 27 corresponding to pressure detecting means is fixed to the outer surface of the secondary battery body 20. The pressure-sensitive resistance element 27 is sandwiched between the inner surface of the battery case 10 and the outer surface of the secondary battery body 20 in a state where the secondary battery body 20 is accommodated in the battery case 10. When it expands due to an increase in internal pressure, it is pressed against the inner surface of the battery case 10 and receives a compressive force.
[0011]
The electrical configuration mounted on the control circuit board 25 is as shown in FIG. The lead on the positive electrode side of the secondary battery body 20 is connected to one of the external electrodes 26, and the lead wire on the negative electrode side is connected to the other external electrode 26 via a control FET 28 that is normally on. . In addition, a discharge circuit 31 in which a discharge resistor 29 and a discharge FET 30 are connected in order is provided between the lead wires, and the discharge FET 30 is normally in an off state, but when this is turned on, the secondary battery body 20 is discharged. Can be made. A discharge control IC 32 that supplies a voltage between the lead wires is provided, and a voltage is applied to the pressure-sensitive resistance element 27 therefrom. The discharge control IC 32 normally turns off the discharge FET 30 and turns on the control FET 28. However, when the resistance value of the pressure-sensitive resistance element 27 falls below a predetermined value, the FETs 28 and 30 are inverted, and the secondary When the voltage between the lead wires of the battery body 20 drops to, for example, 4.1 V, the FETs 28 and 30 are inverted again to return to the original state.
[0012]
The operation of this embodiment is as follows. When the mobile phone is set in the charger, the control FET 28 is on, the discharge FET 30 is off, and the secondary battery body 20 is connected to the charger. When the secondary battery body 20 is fully charged, the voltage reaches about 4.2 V, but no particular problem occurs. Here, if the mobile phone is exposed to a high temperature atmosphere such as being left in a car in summer, for example, the secondary battery body 20 also becomes an abnormally high temperature. As a result, the positive electrode in the secondary battery body 20 The electrolyte may cause a decomposition reaction on the surface, thereby generating gas.
[0013]
Then, since the secondary battery main body 20 is in a sealed state, the internal pressure increases, and the secondary battery main body 20 exhibits an expansion tendency. Then, since the pressure-sensitive resistance element 27 sandwiched between the secondary battery body 20 and the battery case 10 is compressed and the resistance value thereof is reduced, this is detected by the discharge control IC 32 and the discharge control IC 32 is used for control. The FET 28 is turned off and the discharging FET 30 is turned on. As a result, the secondary battery body 20 is disconnected from the charger and discharged by the discharge circuit 31, and the battery voltage gradually decreases. When the battery voltage falls below the decomposition voltage of the electrolytic solution (for example, 4.1 V in this embodiment), the discharge control IC 32 turns off the discharge FET 30 and turns on the control FET 30. As a result, further decomposition of the electrolytic solution is suppressed and an increase in internal pressure is suppressed, so that it is possible to prevent the battery pack from abnormally expanding or severely rupturing.
[0014]
As described above, in this embodiment, when the internal pressure of the secondary battery main body 20 increases, the pressure-sensitive resistance element 27 detects this and discharges the battery voltage below the decomposition voltage of the electrolytic solution. It is possible to reliably prevent swelling or bursting.
[0015]
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described with reference to the above description and drawings. For example, the following embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention, and further, other than the following, do not depart from the gist. Various modifications can be made within the range.
[0016]
(1) In the above embodiment, the secondary battery main body 20 is housed in the battery case 10 together with a protection circuit or the like to form a battery pack, and this is detachably attached to a mobile phone. It is not limited. For example, the present invention can be applied to a battery device having a built-in structure in which a secondary battery main body is directly incorporated in a device. In this case, a pressure-sensitive resistor element and other pressure detection means may be arranged between a required part of the device and the secondary battery body.
[0017]
(2) The pressure detection means is not limited to the pressure-sensitive resistor element. For example, a general switch having a mechanical contact is disposed, and the switch contact is closed when the casing of the secondary battery body is expanded. Can be detected. In addition, a piezo element or the like can also be used. In short, any configuration that detects changes in the physical quantity such as the pressure of the secondary battery body itself or the deformation of the casing based on the pressure itself may be used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a battery pack showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the battery pack. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electric circuit in the battery pack.
10 …… Battery case 20 …… Secondary battery body 25 …… Control circuit board 27 …… Pressure-sensitive resistance element (pressure detection means)
28 …… Control FET
29 …… Discharge resistance 30 …… Discharge FET
31 …… Discharge circuit 32 …… Discharge control IC

Claims (2)

非水電解液型の二次電池本体を備えて構成され、前記二次電池本体内の圧力を検出する圧力検出手段及び放電制御手段を設け、前記圧力検出手段により前記二次電池本体内の圧力が所定値以上に上昇したことを検出したときに前記放電制御手段により前記二次電池本体を前記非水電解液の分解電圧以下に放電させ、前記二次電池本体の電圧が前記非水電解液の分解電圧以下にまで低下したときに前記放電制御手段により前記放電を停止して前記二次電池本体を放電していない状態に戻す電池装置において、前記電池装置は前記二次電池本体及びこれを収容する電池ケースを備え、前記圧力検出手段は、前記二次電池本体の表面に備えられ、前記二次電池本体が膨張することにより生じる前記圧力検出手段の圧縮によって、前記圧力検出手段が前記二次電池本体内の圧力が所定値以上に上昇したものと検出することを特徴とする電池装置。A non-aqueous electrolyte type secondary battery main body is provided, and pressure detecting means and discharge control means for detecting the pressure in the secondary battery main body are provided, and the pressure in the secondary battery main body is provided by the pressure detecting means. When the discharge control means detects that the secondary battery body is discharged below the decomposition voltage of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the voltage of the secondary battery body is the non-aqueous electrolyte. In the battery device which stops the discharge by the discharge control means and returns the secondary battery main body to a state in which the secondary battery main body is not discharged when the voltage drops below the decomposition voltage of the battery, the battery device includes the secondary battery main body and the secondary battery main body. A battery case for housing, the pressure detection means is provided on a surface of the secondary battery body, and the pressure detection means is compressed by the compression of the pressure detection means caused by the expansion of the secondary battery body. Cell apparatus pressure serial rechargeable battery inside body and detects as that rises above a predetermined value. 請求項1記載の電池装置において、前記二次電池本体の発電要素を収容する袋がラミネートフィルムであることを特徴とする電池装置。The battery device according to claim 1, wherein the bag for housing the power generation element of the secondary battery body is a laminate film.
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