JP4710825B2 - Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP4710825B2
JP4710825B2 JP2006354510A JP2006354510A JP4710825B2 JP 4710825 B2 JP4710825 B2 JP 4710825B2 JP 2006354510 A JP2006354510 A JP 2006354510A JP 2006354510 A JP2006354510 A JP 2006354510A JP 4710825 B2 JP4710825 B2 JP 4710825B2
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exhaust gas
exhaust
internal combustion
combustion engine
carbon particles
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JP2008163846A (en
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伊藤　　博
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Description

本発明は内燃機関の排気浄化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine.

カーボン粒子凝集体を含む気体に交番電圧或いはパルス電圧を印加してカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化し、細分化されたカーボン粒子を活性媒体に導びいてカーボン粒子を酸化させ、それによって気体中からカーボン粒子凝集体を除去する方法が公知である（例えば特許文献１を参照）。
特開昭５６−４５７５０号公報 An alternating voltage or a pulse voltage is applied to the gas containing the carbon particle aggregates to subdivide the carbon particle aggregates, and the subdivided carbon particles are guided to the active medium to oxidize the carbon particles, thereby carbon from the gas. A method for removing particle aggregates is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 56-45750 A

ところで内燃機関では排気ガス中に燃焼時に生成されたケトン、アルデヒド、オゾン、パーオキサイド等の高酸化能物質が含まれている。この高酸化能物質は有害であるがこれまでこの高酸化能物質を排気ガス中から除去することについて何ら関心が向けられていないのが現状である。
本発明はカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化する公知の技術を利用して排気ガス中から高酸化能物質を確実に除去するようにした排気浄化装置を提供することにある。 By the way, in an internal combustion engine, exhaust gas contains highly oxidizable substances such as ketones, aldehydes, ozone, and peroxides produced during combustion. Although this highly oxidizing substance is harmful, there has been no interest in removing this highly oxidizing substance from the exhaust gas so far.
An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust emission control device that reliably removes highly oxidizing substances from exhaust gas using a known technique for fragmenting carbon particle aggregates.

即ち、本発明によれば、機関排気通路内にパティキュレートフィルタを配置した内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、パティキュレートフィルタ上流の機関排気通路内に電圧を印加することにより排気ガス中のカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化する細分化装置を配置し、細分化装置により細分化されたカーボン粒子を含む排気ガスを断面の狭められた小断面排気通路内に導びいてカーボン粒子を撹拌することにより排気ガス中に含まれる高酸化能物質をカーボン粒子に付着させ、次いで高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を含んだ排気ガスを上述の小断面排気通路から断面の拡大された大断面排気通路内に導びいて高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を減速させ、次いでこれらカーボン粒子をパティキュレートフィルタにより捕獲するようにしている。   That is, according to the present invention, in an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which a particulate filter is disposed in the engine exhaust passage, a voltage is applied to the engine exhaust passage upstream of the particulate filter, thereby condensing carbon particles in the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas by arranging a subdividing device for subdividing the aggregate and introducing the exhaust gas containing carbon particles subdivided by the subdividing device into a small cross-section exhaust passage with a narrowed cross section to stir the carbon particles The high oxidizing substance contained in the inside adheres to the carbon particles, and then the exhaust gas containing the carbon particles to which the high oxidizing substance adheres is introduced from the small cross section exhaust passage into the large cross section exhaust passage having an enlarged cross section. Then, decelerate the carbon particles with high oxidizing ability attached, and then capture these carbon particles with a particulate filter. There.

高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子をパティキュレートフィルタにより捕獲することによって高酸化能物質が大気中に排出するのを阻止することができる。   By capturing the carbon particles to which the high oxidizing ability is adhered by the particulate filter, it is possible to prevent the high oxidizing ability from being discharged into the atmosphere.

図１に圧縮着火式内燃機関の全体図を示す。
図１を参照すると、１は機関本体、２は各気筒の燃焼室、３は各燃焼室２内に夫々燃料を噴射するための電子制御式燃料噴射弁、４は吸気マニホルド、５は排気マニホルドを夫々示す。吸気マニホルド４は吸気ダクト６を介して排気ターボチャージャ７のコンプレッサ７ａの出口に連結され、コンプレッサ７ａの入口はエアクリーナ８に連結される。吸気ダクト６内にはステップモータにより駆動されるスロットル弁９が配置され、更に吸気ダクト６周りには吸気ダクト６内を流れる吸入空気を冷却するための冷却装置１０が配置される。図１に示される実施例では機関冷却水が冷却装置１０内に導かれ、機関冷却水によって吸入空気が冷却される。 FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
Referring to FIG. 1, 1 is an engine body, 2 is a combustion chamber of each cylinder, 3 is an electronically controlled fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into each combustion chamber 2, 4 is an intake manifold, and 5 is an exhaust manifold. Respectively. The intake manifold 4 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 7 a of the exhaust turbocharger 7 through the intake duct 6, and the inlet of the compressor 7 a is connected to the air cleaner 8. A throttle valve 9 driven by a step motor is arranged in the intake duct 6, and a cooling device 10 for cooling intake air flowing in the intake duct 6 is arranged around the intake duct 6. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 10 and the intake air is cooled by the engine cooling water.

一方、排気マニホルド５の出口は電圧を印加することにより排気ガス中のカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化する細分化装置１１を介して排気ターボチャージャ７の排気タービン７ｂの入口に連結され、排気タービン７ｂの出口は排気後処理装置１２に連結される。この排気後処理装置１２内には上流側から順に酸化触媒１３、パティキュレートフィルタ１４およびＮＯＸ吸蔵還元触媒１５が配置される。なお、パティキュレートフィルタ１４上にもＮＯＸ吸蔵還元触媒を担持させることができる。排気マニホルド５内にはＮＯＸ吸蔵還元触媒１５に吸蔵されたＮＯＸをＮＯＸ吸蔵還元触媒１５から放出させて還元するための還元剤の供給弁１６が配置されている。 On the other hand, the outlet of the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust turbine 7b of the exhaust turbocharger 7 via a subdividing device 11 that subdivides the carbon particle aggregates in the exhaust gas by applying a voltage. Is connected to the exhaust aftertreatment device 12. The exhaust post-treatment device oxidation catalyst 13 in this order from the upstream side in 12, particulate filter 14 and the NO X storage reduction catalyst 15 is arranged. Note that the NO X storage reduction catalyst can also be supported on the particulate filter 14. Supply valve 16 of a reducing agent for reducing by releasing NO X occluded in the NO X occluding and reducing catalyst 15 from the NO X storage reduction catalyst 15 is disposed in the exhaust manifold 5.

排気マニホルド５と吸気マニホルド４とは排気ガス再循環（以下、ＥＧＲと称す）通路１７を介して互いに連結され、ＥＧＲ通路１７内には電子制御式ＥＧＲ制御弁１８が配置される。また、ＥＧＲ通路１７周りにはＥＧＲ通路１７内を流れるＥＧＲガスを冷却するための冷却装置１９が配置される。図１に示される実施例では機関冷却水が冷却装置１９内に導かれ、機関冷却水によってＥＧＲガスが冷却される。一方、各燃料噴射弁３は燃料供給管２０を介してコモンレール２１に連結される。このコモンレール２１内へは電子制御式の吐出量可変な燃料ポンプ２２から燃料が供給され、コモンレール２１内に供給された燃料は各燃料供給管２０を介して燃料噴射弁３に供給される。   The exhaust manifold 5 and the intake manifold 4 are connected to each other via an exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as EGR) passage 17, and an electronically controlled EGR control valve 18 is disposed in the EGR passage 17. A cooling device 19 for cooling the EGR gas flowing in the EGR passage 17 is disposed around the EGR passage 17. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 19, and the EGR gas is cooled by the engine cooling water. On the other hand, each fuel injection valve 3 is connected to a common rail 21 through a fuel supply pipe 20. Fuel is supplied into the common rail 21 from an electronically controlled variable discharge amount fuel pump 22, and the fuel supplied into the common rail 21 is supplied to the fuel injection valve 3 through each fuel supply pipe 20.

電子制御ユニット３０はデジタルコンピュータからなり、双方向性バス３１によって互いに接続されたＲＯＭ（リードオンリメモリ）３２，ＲＡＭ（ランダムアクセスメモリ）３３，ＣＰＵ（マイクロプロセッサ）３４、入力ポート３５および出力ポート３６を具備する。アクセルべダル４０にはアクセルペダル４０の踏込み量Ｌに比例した出力電圧を発生する負荷センサ４１が接続され、負荷センサ４１の出力電圧は対応するＡＤ変換器３７を介して入力ポート３５に入力される。更に入力ポート３５にはクランクシャフトが例えば１５°回転する毎に出力パルスを発生するクランク角センサ４２と車速に比例した出力パルスを発生する車速センサ４３とが接続される。一方、出力ポート３６は対応する駆動回路３８を介して燃料噴射弁３、スロットル弁９駆動用ステップモータ、還元剤供給弁１６，ＥＧＲ制御弁１８、燃料ポンプ２０および細分化装置１１に印加すべき高電圧を発生する高電圧発生装置４４に接続される。   The electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31 such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) 32, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 33, a CPU (Microprocessor) 34, an input port 35 and an output port 36. It comprises. A load sensor 41 that generates an output voltage proportional to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to the accelerator pedal 40, and the output voltage of the load sensor 41 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37. The Further, a crank angle sensor 42 that generates an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates, for example, 15 °, and a vehicle speed sensor 43 that generates an output pulse proportional to the vehicle speed are connected to the input port 35. On the other hand, the output port 36 should be applied to the fuel injection valve 3, the step motor for driving the throttle valve 9, the reducing agent supply valve 16, the EGR control valve 18, the fuel pump 20 and the subdividing device 11 via the corresponding drive circuit 38. It is connected to a high voltage generator 44 that generates a high voltage.

図２は図１に示される細分化装置１１の拡大側面断面図を示している。図２を参照すると細分化装置１１は接地側電極を構成している円筒状ケーシング５０と、円筒状ケーシング５０内をケーシング５０内の中心軸線に沿って延びかつ絶縁体５２を介してケーシング５０により支持されている中心電極５１とを具備しており、この中心電極５１に高電圧発生装置４４において発生せしめられた例えば６０Ｈｚの交流又は直流からなる２４００（ｖ）程度の高電圧が印加される。   FIG. 2 shows an enlarged side cross-sectional view of the fragmentation device 11 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 2, the subdividing device 11 includes a cylindrical casing 50 constituting a ground side electrode, and extends in the cylindrical casing 50 along the central axis of the casing 50 and by the casing 50 via an insulator 52. The center electrode 51 is supported, and a high voltage of about 2400 (v), for example, 60 Hz alternating current or direct current generated by the high voltage generator 44 is applied to the central electrode 51.

中心電極５１にこのような高電圧が印加されると図３（Ａ）に示されるような排気ガス中に含まれるカーボン粒子凝集体は各カーボン粒子に発生する誘電分極作用によって図３（Ｂ）に示されるように各カーボン粒子に細分化される。なお、細分化装置１１内においてコロナ放電を生じさせるとカーボン粒子凝集体はより一層確実にカーボン粒子に細分化することができる。   When such a high voltage is applied to the center electrode 51, the carbon particle aggregates contained in the exhaust gas as shown in FIG. 3 (A) are subjected to the dielectric polarization action generated in each carbon particle as shown in FIG. 3 (B). As shown in FIG. 2, the carbon particles are subdivided. In addition, when a corona discharge is generated in the subdividing device 11, the carbon particle aggregate can be further subdivided into carbon particles.

図４はコロナ放電を生じさせるに適した細分化装置１１を示している。この細分化装置１１では接地側電極を構成している円筒状ケーシング５０により電極５３が絶縁体５４を介して支持されており、この電極５３の先端部５５はコロナ放電が生じるように尖頭形状を有する。   FIG. 4 shows a fragmentation device 11 suitable for generating corona discharge. In this subdividing device 11, an electrode 53 is supported via an insulator 54 by a cylindrical casing 50 constituting a ground side electrode, and a tip 55 of the electrode 53 has a pointed shape so that corona discharge occurs. Have

さて、内燃機関では排気ガス中に燃焼時に生成されたケトン、アルデヒド、オゾン、パーオキサイド等の高酸化能物質が含まれている。この高酸化能物質はカーボン粒子が図３（Ａ）に示されるような凝集体の形をしていてもカーボン粒子の表面に付着するがこのような凝集体の形をしていると表面積が小さいためにカーボン粒子に付着する高酸化能物質の量はそれほど多くない。そこで本発明ではできるだけ多くの高酸化能物質をカーボン粒子に付着させるためにカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化装置１１において図３（Ｂ）に示されるようにカーボン粒子に細分化するようにしている。   Now, in an internal combustion engine, exhaust gas contains highly oxidizable substances such as ketones, aldehydes, ozone and peroxide produced during combustion. This highly oxidizable substance adheres to the surface of the carbon particles even if the carbon particles are in the form of aggregates as shown in FIG. 3 (A). Because of its small size, the amount of highly oxidizing substances that adhere to the carbon particles is not so large. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to attach as many highly oxidizing substances as possible to the carbon particles, the carbon particle aggregate is subdivided into carbon particles as shown in FIG.

ところで、このようにカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化するとカーボン粒子への高酸化能物質の付着量を増大することができるがカーボン粒子への高酸化能物質の付着量を更に増大するには高酸化能物質とカーボン粒子との接触する機会を更に増大することが必要となる。そこで本発明では細分化されたカーボン粒子を含む排気ガスを断面の狭められた小断面排気通路内に導びくようにしている。   By the way, if the carbon particle aggregate is subdivided in this way, the adhesion amount of the highly oxidizable substance to the carbon particles can be increased, but in order to further increase the adhesion amount of the highly oxidizable substance to the carbon particles, high oxidation is required. It is necessary to further increase the chance of contact between the active substance and the carbon particles. Therefore, in the present invention, exhaust gas containing finely divided carbon particles is guided into a small cross-section exhaust passage having a narrow cross section.

図１に示される実施例ではこの小断面排気通路は排気タービン７ｂ内に形成されている。即ち、排気タービン７ｂ内はタービン翼車の翼に沿って排気ガスを高速度で流すために排気タービン７ｂのタービン翼車周りではタービン７ｂの入口および出口に比べて断面が狭められている。従って排気タービン７ｂ内には小断面排気通路が形成されていることになる。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, this small cross-section exhaust passage is formed in the exhaust turbine 7b. That is, the exhaust turbine 7b has a narrower cross section around the turbine impeller of the exhaust turbine 7b than the inlet and outlet of the turbine 7b in order to cause exhaust gas to flow along the blades of the turbine impeller at a high speed. Therefore, a small cross section exhaust passage is formed in the exhaust turbine 7b.

排気ガスが小断面排気通路内に導びかれると排気ガス流が乱されるために高酸化能物質とカーボン粒子との接触する機会は極度に増大し、斯くして多量の高酸化能物質がカーボン粒子に付着することになる。特に図１に示されるように小断面排気通路が排気タービン７ｂ内に形成されている場合には排気タービン７ｂ内で排気ガスが撹拌されるので高酸化能物質とカーボン粒子との接触する機会は更に増大し、斯くして更に多量の高酸化能物質がカーボン粒子に付着することになる。   When the exhaust gas is introduced into the small cross-section exhaust passage, the exhaust gas flow is disturbed, so that the chance of contact between the high oxidizing substance and the carbon particles is extremely increased, and thus a large amount of the high oxidizing substance is generated. It will adhere to the carbon particles. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, when a small cross-section exhaust passage is formed in the exhaust turbine 7b, the exhaust gas is agitated in the exhaust turbine 7b. Further increase, and thus a larger amount of highly oxidizing substance adheres to the carbon particles.

次いで高酸化能物質が付着したカーボン粒子はパティキュレートフィルタ１４に導びかれる。このときパティキュレートフィルタ１４内を流れる排気ガスの流速が速いとカーボン粒子はパティキュレートフィルタ１４に捕獲されることなくパティキュレートフィルタ１４を素通りしてしまい、斯くして高酸化能物質がカーボン粒子と共に大気中に排出されてしまう。一方、このときカーボン粒子がパティキュレートフィルタ１４を素通りせず、パティキュレートフィルタ１４に捕獲されるようにするにはパティキュレートフィルタ１４内を流れる排気ガスの流速を遅くする必要がある。   Next, the carbon particles to which the high oxidizing ability is adhered are guided to the particulate filter 14. At this time, if the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the particulate filter 14 is high, the carbon particles pass through the particulate filter 14 without being captured by the particulate filter 14, and thus the high oxidizing ability substance together with the carbon particles. It will be discharged into the atmosphere. On the other hand, at this time, in order that carbon particles do not pass through the particulate filter 14 and are captured by the particulate filter 14, it is necessary to slow down the flow velocity of the exhaust gas flowing through the particulate filter 14.

そこで本発明では高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を含んだ排気ガスを小断面排気通路から断面の拡大された大断面排気通路内に導びいて高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を減速させ、それによってこれらカーボン粒子をパティキュレートフィルタ１４により捕獲するようにしている。この場合、図１に示される実施例では排気タービン７ｂの出口からパティキュレートフィルタ１４に至る間の排気通路が大断面排気通路を形成している。   Therefore, in the present invention, the exhaust gas containing carbon particles to which a high oxidizing substance is attached is guided from the small cross section exhaust passage into the large cross section exhaust passage having an enlarged cross section to decelerate the carbon particles to which the high oxidizing substance is attached. Thereby, these carbon particles are captured by the particulate filter 14. In this case, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust passage from the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7b to the particulate filter 14 forms a large cross-section exhaust passage.

一方、本発明による実施例ではパティキュレートフィルタ１４上に捕獲されたパティキュレート量が予め定められている許容量を越えると例えば還元剤供給弁１６から還元剤が供給されてこの還元剤の酸化反応熱によりパティキュレートフィルタ１４が昇温せしめられ、それによってパティキュレートフィルタ１４上に捕獲されているパティキュレートが燃焼除去せしめられる。このとき同時にパティキュレートフィルタ１４に捕獲されたカーボン粒子に付着している高酸化能物質も燃焼除去せしめられる。斯くして大気中に高酸化能物質が排出されるのを阻止することができる。   On the other hand, in the embodiment according to the present invention, when the amount of the particulate matter captured on the particulate filter 14 exceeds a predetermined allowable amount, for example, a reducing agent is supplied from the reducing agent supply valve 16 to oxidize this reducing agent. The temperature of the particulate filter 14 is raised by heat, and the particulates captured on the particulate filter 14 are thereby burned and removed. At the same time, the highly oxidizable substance adhering to the carbon particles captured by the particulate filter 14 is also removed by combustion. Thus, it is possible to prevent the high oxidizing ability substance from being discharged into the atmosphere.

なお、細分化装置１１におけるカーボン粒子凝集体の細分化作用はカーボン粒子凝集体が強電界内に存在している時間が長いほど、即ち排気ガスの流速が遅いほど促進される。従って本発明では細分化装置１１は排気タービン７ｂ内に形成される小断面排気通路よりも大きな断面を有する排気通路内に配置されている。また、カーボン粒子凝集体は排気ガス温が高いほど細分化する。従って図１に示されるように排気ガス温の高い排気タービン７ｂの上流に細分化装置１１を配置することによってカーボン粒子凝集体の細分化作用を促進することができる。   The subdividing action of the carbon particle aggregates in the subdividing apparatus 11 is promoted as the time during which the carbon particle aggregates are present in the strong electric field is longer, that is, as the exhaust gas flow rate is slower. Therefore, in the present invention, the subdividing device 11 is arranged in an exhaust passage having a larger cross section than a small cross section exhaust passage formed in the exhaust turbine 7b. Further, the carbon particle aggregates become finer as the exhaust gas temperature is higher. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the fragmentation action of the carbon particle aggregate can be promoted by disposing the fragmentation device 11 upstream of the exhaust turbine 7b having a high exhaust gas temperature.

また、高酸化能物質は燃焼温度が低いときほど発生し、従って高酸化能物質の発生量が多いときのみカーボン粒子凝集体の細分化作用を行うこともできる。図５は高酸化能物質の発生量が多い予め定められた機関の運転状態のときのみ、即ち車速が予め定められた車速以下のときのみ細分化装置１１に高電圧を印加するようにした場合を示している。   Further, the high oxidizing ability material is generated as the combustion temperature is low, and therefore, the carbon particle aggregate can be subdivided only when the amount of the high oxidizing ability substance is large. FIG. 5 shows a case where a high voltage is applied to the subdividing device 11 only when the engine is in a predetermined operating state where a large amount of highly oxidizing substance is generated, that is, when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined vehicle speed. Is shown.

即ち、図５を参照するとまず初めにステップ６０において車速センサ４３の出力パルスから車速が算出される。次いでステップ６１では車速が予め定められた車速、例えば２０ｋｍ／ｈよりも遅いか否かが判別され、車速が２０ｋｍ／ｈ以下のときにはステップ６２に進んで細分化装置１１への高電圧の印加作用が行われる。   That is, referring to FIG. 5, first, at step 60, the vehicle speed is calculated from the output pulse of the vehicle speed sensor 43. Next, at step 61, it is determined whether or not the vehicle speed is lower than a predetermined vehicle speed, for example, 20 km / h. When the vehicle speed is 20 km / h or less, the routine proceeds to step 62 where the high voltage is applied to the subdividing device 11. Is done.

図６に別の実施例を示す。この実施例では３つの気筒に対して共通の排気マニホルド７０と、１つの気筒に対する独立した排気通路７１とが設けられており、この排気通路７１内に細分化装置１１が配置されている。即ち、この実施例では細分化装置１１は一部の気筒の排気通路内にのみ配置されている。このように一つの気筒から排出された排気ガス中のカーボン粒子凝集体のみを細分化しても数多くの細分化されたカーボン粒子が生成されるのでこの実施例では一つの気筒から排出された排気ガス中のカーボン粒子凝集体のみを細分化するようにしている。   FIG. 6 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, a common exhaust manifold 70 for three cylinders and an independent exhaust passage 71 for one cylinder are provided, and the subdividing device 11 is disposed in the exhaust passage 71. That is, in this embodiment, the subdividing device 11 is disposed only in the exhaust passages of some cylinders. Thus, even if only the carbon particle aggregates in the exhaust gas discharged from one cylinder are subdivided, a large number of fragmented carbon particles are produced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas discharged from one cylinder is produced. Only the carbon particle aggregates inside are subdivided.

圧縮着火式内燃機関の全体図である。1 is an overall view of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine. 図１に示される細分化装置の拡大側面断面図である。It is an expanded side sectional view of the fragmentation apparatus shown by FIG. カーボン粒子凝集体の細分化を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the fragmentation of a carbon particle aggregate. 細分化装置の別の実施例を示す側面断面図である。It is side surface sectional drawing which shows another Example of a subdivision apparatus. 高電圧の印加を制御するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for controlling application of a high voltage. 圧縮着火式内燃機関の別の実施例を示す全体図である。It is a general view which shows another Example of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

５，７０ 排気マニホルド
７ 排気ターボチャージャ
７ｂ 排気タービン
１１ 細分化装置
１４ パティキュレートフィルタ 5,70 Exhaust manifold 7 Exhaust turbocharger 7b Exhaust turbine 11 Subdividing device 14 Particulate filter

Claims (7)

機関排気通路内にパティキュレートフィルタを配置した内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、パティキュレートフィルタ上流の機関排気通路内に電圧を印加することにより排気ガス中のカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化する細分化装置を配置し、該細分化装置により細分化されたカーボン粒子を含む排気ガスを断面の狭められた小断面排気通路内に導びいてカーボン粒子を撹拌することにより排気ガス中に含まれる高酸化能物質をカーボン粒子に付着させ、次いで高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を含んだ排気ガスを該小断面排気通路から断面の拡大された大断面排気通路内に導びいて高酸化能物質の付着したカーボン粒子を減速させ、次いでこれらカーボン粒子をパティキュレートフィルタにより捕獲するようにした内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   An internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification apparatus in which a particulate filter is arranged in an engine exhaust passage, and a fragmentation device for subdividing carbon particle aggregates in exhaust gas by applying a voltage to the engine exhaust passage upstream of the particulate filter The high oxidizing ability contained in the exhaust gas by introducing the exhaust gas containing the carbon particles subdivided by the subdividing device into the exhaust gas passage having a narrow cross section and stirring the carbon particles The substance is attached to the carbon particles, and then the exhaust gas containing the carbon particles to which the high oxidizing ability is attached is guided from the small cross section exhaust passage into the large cross section exhaust passage where the cross section is enlarged, and the high oxidizing ability substance is attached. Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for internal combustion engine that decelerates carbon particles and then captures the carbon particles by a particulate filter 上記細分化装置は上記小断面排気通路よりも大きな断面を有する排気通路内に配置されている請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the subdividing device is disposed in an exhaust passage having a larger cross section than the small cross section exhaust passage. 上記細分化装置とパティキュレートフィルタとの間には排気ターボチャージャの排気タービンが配置されており、上記小断面排気通路が排気タービン内に形成されている請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust gas purification of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust turbine of an exhaust turbocharger is disposed between the subdividing device and the particulate filter, and the small cross-section exhaust passage is formed in the exhaust turbine. apparatus. 上記細分化装置は誘電分極させることによりカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化させる請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   2. The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the subdividing device subdivides the carbon particle aggregate by dielectric polarization. 上記細分化装置はコロナ放電を生じさせることによりカーボン粒子凝集体を細分化させる請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the subdividing device subdivides the carbon particle aggregates by generating corona discharge. 上記細分化装置に対し予め定められた機関の運転状態のときにのみ電圧の印加作用が行われる請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   2. The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a voltage application action is performed only when the engine is in a predetermined engine operating state. 上記細分化装置は一部の気筒の排気通路内にのみ配置されている請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the subdividing device is disposed only in an exhaust passage of some cylinders.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5645750A (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-04-25 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Reducing method of soot and device therefor
JP2003512167A (en) * 1999-10-22 2003-04-02 アクセンタス パブリック リミテッド カンパニー Reactor for gas plasma processing
JP2003535253A (en) * 2000-05-30 2003-11-25 エミテック ゲゼルシヤフト フユア エミツシオンス テクノロギー ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング Particle capture device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5645750A (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-04-25 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Reducing method of soot and device therefor
JP2003512167A (en) * 1999-10-22 2003-04-02 アクセンタス パブリック リミテッド カンパニー Reactor for gas plasma processing
JP2003535253A (en) * 2000-05-30 2003-11-25 エミテック ゲゼルシヤフト フユア エミツシオンス テクノロギー ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング Particle capture device

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