JP4697642B2 - CT equipment - Google Patents

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JP4697642B2
JP4697642B2 JP2009034493A JP2009034493A JP4697642B2 JP 4697642 B2 JP4697642 B2 JP 4697642B2 JP 2009034493 A JP2009034493 A JP 2009034493A JP 2009034493 A JP2009034493 A JP 2009034493A JP 4697642 B2 JP4697642 B2 JP 4697642B2
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radiation
transmission image
target portion
movement
rotation axis
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JP2010169647A (en
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正司 藤井
純一 岩澤
陽平 山影
喜一郎 宇山
輝夫 山本
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Toshiba IT and Control Systems Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis

Description

本発明は、被検体の断面像を撮影するコンピュータ断層撮影装置（以下ＣＴ（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｄ Ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ）装置と記載する。）に関する。  The present invention relates to a computed tomography apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus) that captures a cross-sectional image of a subject.

従来のＣＴ装置で、所謂ＲＲ（Ｒｏｔａｔｅ Ｒｏｔａｔｅ）方式（第三世代方式）と呼ばれるＣＴ装置は、放射線源から発生する放射線（Ｘ線）を被検体に向けて照射し、被検体を放射線の光軸の方向に対し交差する回転軸で放射線に対して相対的に回転させ、一回転中の所定回転位置ごとに被検体から透過してくる放射線を１次元あるいは２次元の複数検出チャンネルを有する放射線検出器で検出し、この検出器出力から被検体の断面像ないし３次元データを得る（断層撮影する）ものである。  A CT apparatus called a so-called RR (Rotate Rotate) method (third generation method) in a conventional CT apparatus irradiates a subject with radiation (X-rays) generated from a radiation source, and irradiates the subject with radiation light. Radiation having a plurality of one-dimensional or two-dimensional detection channels that are rotated relative to the radiation at a rotation axis that intersects the direction of the axis, and that transmits radiation from the subject at each predetermined rotational position during one rotation. This is detected by a detector, and a cross-sectional image or three-dimensional data of the subject is obtained (tomographic imaging) from the detector output.

従来例として図８に、特許文献１に記載されているＣＴ装置の構成を示す（図８（ａ）平面図、図８（ｂ）正面図）。Ｘ線管１０１と、ここから発生するコーン状のＸ線ビーム１０２を２次元の分解能で検出するＸ線検出器１０３が対向して配置され、このＸ線ビーム１０２に入るようにテーブル１０４上に載置された被検体１０５の透過像（透過データ）を得るようになっている。  As a conventional example, FIG. 8 shows the configuration of a CT apparatus described in Patent Document 1 (FIG. 8 (a) plan view, FIG. 8 (b) front view). An X-ray tube 101 and an X-ray detector 103 that detects a cone-shaped X-ray beam 102 generated therefrom with two-dimensional resolution are arranged to face each other, and are placed on a table 104 so as to enter the X-ray beam 102. A transmission image (transmission data) of the placed subject 105 is obtained.

テーブル１０４はＸＹ機構１０６上に配置され、ＸＹ機構１０６は回転・昇降機構１０７上に配置されている。被検体１０５の断面像を撮影する場合は、テーブル１０４を回転軸ＲＡに対し回転・昇降機構１０７により１回転させながら多数の方向について透過像を得る（スキャンと言う）。このスキャンにより得られた多数の透過像を制御処理部１０８で処理して被検体１０５の断面像（１枚ないし多数枚）を得る。  The table 104 is disposed on the XY mechanism 106, and the XY mechanism 106 is disposed on the rotation / lifting mechanism 107. When photographing a cross-sectional image of the subject 105, transmission images are obtained in a number of directions while the table 104 is rotated once by the rotation / lifting mechanism 107 with respect to the rotation axis RA (referred to as scanning). A large number of transmission images obtained by this scanning are processed by the control processing unit 108 to obtain cross-sectional images (one or many) of the subject 105.

ここで、ＸＹ機構１０６は、回転軸ＲＡに対しテーブル１０４を回転軸ＲＡと直交する面内で移動させ、被検体１０５の着目部が回転軸ＲＡ上になるように位置調整するために用いられる。  Here, the XY mechanism 106 is used to move the table 104 in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis RA with respect to the rotation axis RA and adjust the position so that the target portion of the subject 105 is on the rotation axis RA. .

さらに、回転軸ＲＡおよびＸ線検出器１０３はシフト機構１０９によりＸ線管１０１に近づけあるいは遠ざけることができ、目的に応じて撮影倍率（＝ＦＤＤ／ＦＣＤ）を変更できるようになっている。  Further, the rotation axis RA and the X-ray detector 103 can be moved closer to or away from the X-ray tube 101 by a shift mechanism 109, and the imaging magnification (= FDD / FCD) can be changed according to the purpose.

図８に示す断面像視野（あるいはスキャン領域と称する）１１０は、テーブル１０４が回転軸ＲＡに対して１回転する間に、常にＸ線検出器１０３で検出されるＸ線ビーム１０２に包含される領域と定義される。断面像視野１１０は回転軸ＲＡを軸とする略円筒状の領域であり、無理なく断面像を再構成できる領域である。  8 is included in the X-ray beam 102 that is always detected by the X-ray detector 103 while the table 104 makes one rotation with respect to the rotation axis RA. Defined as an area. The cross-sectional image field 110 is a substantially cylindrical region around the rotation axis RA, and is a region where a cross-sectional image can be reconstructed without difficulty.

ところで、撮影に先立ち、被検体１０５の着目部を断面像視野１１０に収める必要があるが、断面像視野１１０を直接目視できないため着目部の位置設定が難しい。そこで、特許文献１のＣＴ装置では、撮影倍率を低く設定した状態で仮断層撮影を行って得た断面像を表示し、この断面像上で操作者が着目部をＲＯＩ（Ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ）指定すると、このＲＯＩ指定した部分の中央が回転軸上に来るように自動的にＸＹ機構１０６を制御している。  By the way, prior to imaging, it is necessary to store the target portion of the subject 105 in the cross-sectional image field 110, but it is difficult to set the position of the target portion because the cross-sectional image field 110 cannot be directly viewed. Therefore, the CT apparatus of Patent Document 1 displays a cross-sectional image obtained by performing provisional tomography in a state in which the imaging magnification is set low, and an operator designates the ROI (Region of Interest) on the cross-sectional image as a target portion. Then, the XY mechanism 106 is automatically controlled so that the center of the ROI designated portion is on the rotation axis.

特開２００２−３１０９４３号公報JP 2002-310943 A

従来技術では、被検体の着目部が回転軸上に来るように配置するとき、仮の断層撮影をおこない、仮の断面像を再構成していた。このため、操作者としては着目部をＲＯＩ指定する前に、仮の断層撮影と仮の断面像の再構成の時間を待たされることになり、使用勝手として簡便ではなかった。  In the prior art, when the target portion of the subject is arranged on the rotation axis, provisional tomography is performed to reconstruct a provisional cross-sectional image. For this reason, the operator has to wait for the time for provisional tomography and reconstruction of the provisional cross-sectional image before specifying the ROI of the target portion, which is not convenient for use.

本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、被検体の着目部を簡便に回転軸上に合わせることができるＣＴ装置を提供することを目的とする。  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a CT apparatus capable of easily aligning a target portion of a subject on a rotation axis.

上記目的を達成するため、請求項１記載の本発明に係るＣＴ装置は、テーブル上に載置された被検体に向けて放射線を放射する放射線源と、前記被検体を透過した放射線を検出して透過像として出力する放射線検出手段と、前記放射線と交差する回転軸に対し前記テーブルと前記放射線とを相対的に回転させる回転手段と、前記回転の多数の方向で検出された透過像から前記被検体の断面像を再構成する再構成手段を有するＣＴ装置において、前記テーブルを前記回転軸及び前記放射線に対し前記回転軸と直交するｘｙ面に沿って相対的にｘｙ移動させるｘｙ移動手段と、前記テーブルを前記放射線に対し前記回転軸と平行なｚ方向に相対的にｚ移動させるｚ移動手段と、１つの前記回転の位置で前記放射線検出手段が検出した第一の透過像を表示する表示手段と、前記表示手段に表示された前記第一の透過像上で着目部の設定を受け付ける受付手段と、前記受付手段により前記第一の透過像上で前記着目部が設定されると、前記ｘｙ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを前記放射線を横切る方向へ所定距離相対的にｘｙ移動させてからあるいは前記ｚ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを前記ｚ方向へ所定距離相対的にｚ移動させてから第二の透過像を前記放射線検出手段で検出させ、前記第一の透過像と前記第二の透過像とから前記着目部の透過像上の移動量を求め、前記求めた透過像上の移動量から前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置を求め、前記ｘｙ移動手段を制御して前記着目部を前記回転軸上に合わせるように前記テーブルを相対的にｘｙ移動させる移動制御手段とを有することを要旨とする。  To achieve the above object, a CT apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention detects a radiation source that emits radiation toward a subject placed on a table, and radiation that has passed through the subject. Radiation detection means for outputting as a transmission image, rotation means for rotating the table and the radiation relative to a rotation axis intersecting with the radiation, and transmission images detected in a number of directions of rotation. In a CT apparatus having reconstruction means for reconstructing a cross-sectional image of a subject, xy movement means for xy-moving the table relative to the rotation axis and the radiation along an xy plane perpendicular to the rotation axis; Z moving means for moving the table relative to the radiation in the z direction parallel to the rotation axis, and a first transmission image detected by the radiation detecting means at one rotation position. Display means for displaying, receiving means for receiving setting of a target part on the first transmission image displayed on the display means, and setting the target part on the first transmission image by the receiving means And controlling the xy moving means to move the table relative to the predetermined distance in the direction across the radiation, or controlling the z moving means to move the table relative to the z direction by a predetermined distance. The second transmission image is detected by the radiation detection means after being moved by z, the amount of movement of the target portion on the transmission image is obtained from the first transmission image and the second transmission image, and the obtained The position of the target portion along the xy plane is obtained from the amount of movement on the transmission image, and the table is moved relatively xy so that the target portion is aligned with the rotation axis by controlling the xy moving means. With movement control means The gist of the Rukoto.

この構成により、第一透過像上で被検体の着目部を設定するのみで、テーブルを所定距離（Ｓ）移動させて撮影した第二透過像上の着目部の移動量（Δｎ）から着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｘ２，ｙ２）を求めるので、着目部を簡便に回転軸上に合わせることができる。  With this configuration, it is only necessary to set the target portion of the subject on the first transmission image, and the target portion from the amount of movement (Δn) of the target portion on the second transmission image obtained by moving the table by a predetermined distance (S). Since the position (x2, y2) along the xy plane is obtained, the part of interest can be easily aligned on the rotation axis.

請求項２記載の本発明に係るＣＴ装置は、請求項１に記載のＣＴ装置において、前記移動制御手段は、さらに、求めた前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置を用いて、前記着目部が前記放射線の広がりの前記ｚ方向の中央になるように、前記ｚ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを相対的にｚ移動させることを要旨とする。  The CT apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the CT apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the movement control means further uses the obtained position of the target portion along the xy plane to determine the target focus. The gist is to move the table relatively z by controlling the z moving means so that the portion becomes the center of the spread of the radiation in the z direction.

この構成により、第一透過像上で被検体の着目部を設定するのみで、着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｙ２）を用いて着目部のｚ方向の位置（ｚ２）を求めるので、着目部を簡便にｚ方向中央に合わせることができる。  With this configuration, the position (z2) of the target portion in the z direction is obtained using the position (y2) along the xy plane of the target portion only by setting the target portion of the subject on the first transmission image. The target portion can be easily adjusted to the center in the z direction.

請求項３記載の本発明に係るＣＴ装置は、請求項１または請求項２に記載のＣＴ装置において、前記放射線源と前記回転軸との距離である撮影距離を変更する撮影距離変更手段を有し、前記移動制御手段は、さらに、求めた前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置および設定された前記着目部の大きさとから、前記着目部の大きさが前記放射線の前記ｘｙ面に沿った広がりにあるいは前記放射線の前記ｚ方向に沿った広がりにちょうど収まる前記撮影距離となるように、前記撮影距離変更手段を制御して前記撮影距離を変更することを要旨とする。  A CT apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is the CT apparatus according to the first or second aspect, further comprising an imaging distance changing means for changing an imaging distance which is a distance between the radiation source and the rotation shaft. The movement control means further determines the size of the target portion along the xy plane of the radiation from the obtained position of the target portion along the xy plane and the set size of the target portion. The gist is to change the photographing distance by controlling the photographing distance changing means so that the photographing distance is just within the spread or the spread of the radiation along the z direction.

この構成により、第一透過像上で被検体の着目部を設定するのみで、着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｙ２）と着目部の大きさ（ＮｒまたはＭｒ）とから、着目部の大きさがＸ線ビーム２のｘｙ面に沿った広がりまたはｚ方向に沿った広がりにちょうど収まる撮影距離（ＦＣＤ’またはＦＣＤ’’）に変更するので、着目部を簡便に断面像視野１０の直径内または高さ内にちょうど収めるようにできる。  With this configuration, only by setting the target portion of the subject on the first transmission image, the position of the target portion is determined from the position (y2) along the xy plane of the target portion and the size (Nr or Mr) of the target portion. Since the size is changed to an imaging distance (FCD ′ or FCD ″) that just fits the spread along the xy plane of the X-ray beam 2 or the spread along the z direction, the diameter of the cross-sectional image field 10 can be simply changed. Just fit inside or height.

請求項４記載の本発明に係るＣＴ装置は、請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のＣＴ装置において、前記移動制御手段は、前記第一の透過像上で設定された着目部をずらして前記第二の透過像と比較し、一致度が高いずらし量を前記着目部の透過像上の移動量として求めることを要旨とする。  A CT apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the CT apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the movement control means is a focus set on the first transmission image. The gist is to obtain a shift amount having a high degree of coincidence as a movement amount on the transmission image of the target portion by comparing the second transmission image with the second portion.

この構成により、第一透過像上の着目部をずらして第二透過像と相関を取って一致度が高いずらし量を着目部の透過像上の移動量として求めるので、透過像上の模様１６の移動量として着目部の移動量を正確に求めることができ、着目部を正確に回転軸上に合わせることができる。  With this configuration, since the part of interest on the first transmission image is shifted and correlated with the second transmission image to obtain a shift amount having a high degree of coincidence as the amount of movement of the part of interest on the transmission image, the pattern 16 on the transmission image is obtained. As the amount of movement, the amount of movement of the target portion can be accurately obtained, and the target portion can be accurately aligned on the rotation axis.

本発明によれば、被検体の着目部を簡便に回転軸上に合わせることができる。  According to the present invention, the target portion of the subject can be easily aligned on the rotation axis.

本発明の第一実施形態に係るＣＴ装置の構成を示した模式図（（ａ）平面図、（ｂ）正面図）。The schematic diagram which showed the structure of CT apparatus concerning 1st embodiment of this invention ((a) Top view, (b) Front view). 本発明の第一の実施形態に係る断層撮影に先立つ被検体の配置調整のフロー図。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of subject arrangement adjustment prior to tomography according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 第一の実施形態に係る第一の透過像を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the 1st transmission image which concerns on 1st embodiment. 第一の実施形態に係る第二の透過像を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the 2nd transmission image which concerns on 1st embodiment. 第一の実施形態に係る着目部のｘｙｚ位置を求める幾何図（（ａ）平面図、（ｂ）正面図）。The geometrical figure which calculates | requires xyz position of the view part which concerns on 1st embodiment ((a) top view, (b) front view). 第一の実施形態に係るｘｙ方向とＸＹ方向の関係を示す幾何図（平面図）。FIG. 3 is a geometric view (plan view) showing a relationship between an xy direction and an XY direction according to the first embodiment. 本発明の第二実施形態に係るＣＴ装置の構成を示した模式図（正面図）。The schematic diagram (front view) which showed the structure of CT apparatus concerning 2nd embodiment of this invention. 従来のＣＴ装置の構成を示した模式図（（ａ）平面図、（ｂ）正面図）。The schematic diagram which showed the structure of the conventional CT apparatus ((a) top view, (b) front view).

以下、図面を参照して、本発明実施形態を説明する。  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（本発明の第一の実施の形態の構成）
以下、本発明の第一の実施形態の構成について図１を参照して説明する。(Configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention)
The configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

図１は本発明の第一実施形態に係るＣＴ装置の構成を示した模式図（図１（ａ）平面図、図１（ｂ）正面図）である。  FIG. 1 is a schematic view (a plan view of FIG. 1 (a) and a front view of FIG. 1 (b)) showing a configuration of a CT apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Ｘ線管（放射線源）１と、Ｘ線管１のＸ線焦点Ｆより放射されたＸ線の一部であるコーン状のＸ線ビーム（放射線）２を２次元の分解能で検出するＸ線検出器（放射線検出手段）３とが対向して配置され、このＸ線ビーム２に入るようにテーブル４上に載置された被検体５を透過したＸ線ビーム２がＸ線検出器３により検出され、透過像（透過データ）として出力される。  X-rays that detect a cone-shaped X-ray beam (radiation) 2 that is a part of X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube (radiation source) 1 and an X-ray focal point F of the X-ray tube 1 with two-dimensional resolution. The X-ray beam 2 transmitted through the subject 5 placed on the table 4 so as to enter the X-ray beam 2 is disposed by facing the detector (radiation detection means) 3 by the X-ray detector 3. Detected and output as a transmission image (transmission data).

テーブル４はＸＹ機構（ｘｙ移動手段）６上に配置され、ＸＹ機構６は回転・昇降機構（回転手段、ｚ移動手段）７上に配置されている。テーブル４は回転・昇降機構７によりＸ線ビーム２と交差する（Ｘ線ビーム２の光軸Ｌに対して垂直に交差し、実質的に垂直な方向であれば良い。）回転軸ＲＡに対して回転されるとともに、回転軸ＲＡと平行なｚ方向にｚ移動（昇降）される。ＸＹ機構６は、回転軸ＲＡに対しテーブル４を回転軸ＲＡと直交するｘｙ面内で移動させる。  The table 4 is arranged on an XY mechanism (xy moving means) 6, and the XY mechanism 6 is arranged on a rotating / lifting mechanism (rotating means, z moving means) 7. The table 4 intersects with the X-ray beam 2 by the rotation / lifting mechanism 7 (it may be perpendicular to the optical axis L of the X-ray beam 2 and may be in a substantially perpendicular direction) with respect to the rotation axis RA. And is moved (lifted / lowered) in the z direction parallel to the rotation axis RA. The XY mechanism 6 moves the table 4 with respect to the rotation axis RA in an xy plane orthogonal to the rotation axis RA.

さらに、シフト機構（撮影距離変更手段）８により回転軸ＲＡおよびＸ線検出器３をＸ線管１に近づけあるいは遠ざけることができ、Ｘ線管１のＸ線焦点Ｆと回転軸ＲＡとの間の撮影距離ＦＣＤ（Ｆｏｃｕｓ ｔｏ ｒｏｔａｔｉｏｎ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ）と、Ｘ線焦点ＦとＸ線検出器３の検出面３ａとの間の検出距離ＦＤＤ（Ｆｏｃｕｓ ｔｏ Ｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒ Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ）を変えることができる。  Further, the rotation mechanism RA and the X-ray detector 3 can be moved closer to or away from the X-ray tube 1 by a shift mechanism (imaging distance changing means) 8, and the X-ray focal point F of the X-ray tube 1 and the rotation axis RA are between. The imaging distance FCD (Focus to Rotation Center Distance) can be changed, and the detection distance FDD (Focus to Detector Distance) between the X-ray focal point F and the detection surface 3a of the X-ray detector 3 can be changed.

ここで、ＸＹ機構６は、被検体５の着目部が回転軸ＲＡ上になるように位置調整するために用いられ、シフト機構８は目的に応じて撮影倍率（＝ＦＤＤ／ＦＣＤ）を変更するために用いられ、回転・昇降機構７のｚ移動は被検体５の着目部をＸ線ビーム２の高さに合わせるのに用いられる。また、回転・昇降機構７の回転は断面像を撮影する場合に被検体５をＸ線ビーム２に対し回転させて、多数の方向について透過像を得るために用いられる。  Here, the XY mechanism 6 is used to adjust the position of the target portion of the subject 5 on the rotation axis RA, and the shift mechanism 8 changes the imaging magnification (= FDD / FCD) according to the purpose. Therefore, the z movement of the rotation / lifting mechanism 7 is used to adjust the target portion of the subject 5 to the height of the X-ray beam 2. The rotation of the rotation / lifting mechanism 7 is used to obtain a transmission image in a number of directions by rotating the subject 5 with respect to the X-ray beam 2 when taking a cross-sectional image.

図１に示す断面像視野（あるいはスキャン領域と称する）１０は、テーブル４が回転軸ＲＡに対して１回転する間に、常にＸ線検出器３で検出されるＸ線ビーム２に包含される領域と定義される。断面像視野１０は回転軸ＲＡを軸とする略円筒状の領域であり、無理なく断面像を再構成できる領域である。  1 is included in the X-ray beam 2 which is always detected by the X-ray detector 3 while the table 4 makes one rotation with respect to the rotation axis RA. Defined as an area. The cross-sectional image field 10 is a substantially cylindrical region having the rotation axis RA as an axis, and is a region where a cross-sectional image can be reconstructed without difficulty.

構成要素として、他に、各機構部（ＸＹ機構６、回転・昇降機構７、シフト機構８）を制御し、また、Ｘ線検出器３からの透過データを処理する制御処理部９、処理結果等を表示する表示部９ａ（表示手段）、Ｘ線管１を制御するＸ線制御部（図示せず）等がある。  As other components, a control processing unit 9 that controls each mechanism unit (XY mechanism 6, rotation / elevating mechanism 7, shift mechanism 8) and processes transmission data from the X-ray detector 3, and processing results There are a display unit 9a (display means) for displaying and the like, an X-ray control unit (not shown) for controlling the X-ray tube 1, and the like.

制御処理部９は通常のコンピュータで、ＣＰＵ、メモリ、ディスク、表示部９ａ、入力部（キーボードやマウス等）９ｂ、機構制御ボード、インターフェース、等より成っている。  The control processing unit 9 is a normal computer and includes a CPU, a memory, a disk, a display unit 9a, an input unit (such as a keyboard and a mouse) 9b, a mechanism control board, an interface, and the like.

制御処理部９は、機構制御ボードにより、各機構部６，７，８の動作位置の信号（エンコーダパルス等）を受けて各機構部６，７，８を制御して被検体の位置合わせやスキャン（断層撮影走査）等を行わせる他、透過データの収集指令パルス等をＸ線検出器３に送る。なお、各機構部６，７，８には図示していないエンコーダが取付けられており、テーブル４のＸＹ機構６による移動位置Ｘ，Ｙ、回転・昇降機構７によるｚ移動位置ｚと回転角度φ、及びシフト機構８によるＦＣＤ，ＦＤＤが読み取られ、それぞれ制御処理部９に送られる。  The control processing unit 9 receives signals (encoder pulses and the like) of the operation positions of the mechanism units 6, 7, and 8 from the mechanism control board and controls the mechanism units 6, 7, and 8 to adjust the position of the subject. In addition to performing scanning (tomographic scanning) and the like, transmission data collection command pulses and the like are sent to the X-ray detector 3. Note that an encoder (not shown) is attached to each of the mechanism sections 6, 7, 8, and the movement position X, Y of the table 4 by the XY mechanism 6, the z movement position z by the rotation / lifting mechanism 7, and the rotation angle φ , And FCD and FDD by the shift mechanism 8 are read and sent to the control processing unit 9 respectively.

また、制御処理部９は、断層撮影時にＸ線検出器３からの透過データを収集し、記憶し、再構成処理して被検体の断面像を作成し、表示部９ａに表示する。  In addition, the control processing unit 9 collects transmission data from the X-ray detector 3 during tomography, stores it, reconstructs it, creates a cross-sectional image of the subject, and displays it on the display unit 9a.

また、制御処理部９は、Ｘ線制御部（図示せず）に指令を出し、管電圧、管電流を指定すると共に、Ｘ線の放射、停止の指示を行なう。管電圧、管電流は被検体に合わせて変えることができる。  In addition, the control processing unit 9 issues a command to an X-ray control unit (not shown), specifies tube voltage and tube current, and instructs X-ray emission and stop. The tube voltage and tube current can be changed according to the subject.

図１に示すように、制御処理部９はソフトウェアを読み込んでＣＰＵが機能する機能ブロックとして、透過像上で着目部の設定を受け付けるＲＯＩ設定部（受付手段）９ｃ、設定された着目部を回転軸ＲＡ上に移動する移動制御部（移動制御手段）９ｄ、断層撮影をするためのスキャン制御部９ｅ、透過データを用いて断面像を作成する再構成部（再構成手段）９ｆ、等を備えている。  As shown in FIG. 1, the control processing unit 9 reads the software and functions as a function block for the CPU to function as a ROI setting unit (accepting means) 9c that receives the setting of the target unit on the transmission image, and rotates the set target unit. A movement control unit (movement control unit) 9d that moves on the axis RA, a scan control unit 9e for tomography, a reconstruction unit (reconstruction unit) 9f that creates a cross-sectional image using transmission data, and the like are provided. ing.

（第一の実施の形態の作用）
本発明の第一の実施形態の作用について図２ないし図６を参照して説明する。(Operation of the first embodiment)
The operation of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

図２は第一の実施形態に係る断層撮影に先立つ被検体の配置調整のフロー図である。  FIG. 2 is a flowchart of subject arrangement adjustment prior to tomography according to the first embodiment.

まず、断層撮影に先立ち、図２のフローに従って、以下に記載するように被検体５の着目部を断面像視野１０の中央に収める。  First, prior to tomography, according to the flow of FIG. 2, the target portion of the subject 5 is placed in the center of the cross-sectional image field 10 as described below.

ステップＳ１で、操作者は被検体５をテーブル４に載置し、入力部９ｂからＸ線照射指令を入力すると、制御処理部９はＸ線検出器３の出力を取込み、被検体５の第一の透過像を制御処理部９の適宜な記憶部（図示せず）に記憶し、表示部９ａに表示する。  In step S1, when the operator places the subject 5 on the table 4 and inputs an X-ray irradiation command from the input unit 9b, the control processing unit 9 takes in the output of the X-ray detector 3 and One transmission image is stored in an appropriate storage unit (not shown) of the control processing unit 9 and displayed on the display unit 9a.

ステップＳ２で、第一の透過像上で着目部の設定を以下のように行う。図３は第一の実施形態に係る第一の透過像を示す模式図である。操作者は入力部９ｂから入力することで、第一の透過像１４に重ねて矩形ＲＯＩ（Ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ）１５を表示させ、ＲＯＩ１５の大きさと位置を調整して着目部を設定する。このとき操作者は、第一の透過像１４で特徴的な模様１６を頼りに着目部を設定する。ＲＯＩ設定部９ｃはこの入力を受け付けてＲＯＩ１５を設定して記憶する。ここで記憶するデータは、例えば、ＲＯＩ１５の位置、大きさに関するデータであり、制御処理部９の適宜な記憶部（図示せず）に記憶される。この設定したＲＯＩ１５が設定した着目部を表す。１５ａは着目部中心である。  In step S2, the target portion is set as follows on the first transmission image. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a first transmission image according to the first embodiment. By inputting from the input unit 9b, the operator displays a rectangular ROI (Region of Interest) 15 superimposed on the first transmission image 14, and adjusts the size and position of the ROI 15 to set the target portion. At this time, the operator sets a target portion on the basis of the characteristic pattern 16 in the first transmission image 14. The ROI setting unit 9c accepts this input and sets and stores the ROI 15. The data stored here is, for example, data related to the position and size of the ROI 15 and is stored in an appropriate storage unit (not shown) of the control processing unit 9. The set ROI 15 represents the target portion set. Reference numeral 15a denotes the center of interest.

次に、移動制御部９ｄは以下に記載するようにステップＳ３ないしステップＳ１０を実行して被検体５の着目部を断面像視野１０の中央に収める。  Next, the movement control unit 9d executes Steps S3 to S10 as described below, and puts the target portion of the subject 5 in the center of the cross-sectional image field 10.

ステップＳ３で、移動制御部９ｄはＸＹ機構６を制御してテーブル４をｘ方向に所定距離移動させる。ここでｘ方向は、ｘｙ面内でＸ線ビーム２を直角に横切る方向（Ｘ線ビーム２の光軸Ｌに対して直角となる方向で、実質的に直角であれば良い。）で、ｙ方向はＸ線ビーム２に沿った方向（Ｘ線ビーム２の光軸Ｌに対して平行となる方向で、実質的に平行であれば良い。）で、ｘ方向とｙ方向は互いに直交している。回転角度φが０°のとき、ＸＹ機構６の移動方向ＸとＹはそれぞれｘ方向とｙ方向に一致しているので、ｘ方向の移動はＸ移動のみで行われる。回転角度φが０°でないとき、ＸＹ機構６の移動方向ＸとＹは方向ｘとｙから回転しているのでｘ方向の移動はＸ移動とＹ移動を組み合わせて行うようにする。  In step S3, the movement control unit 9d controls the XY mechanism 6 to move the table 4 by a predetermined distance in the x direction. Here, the x direction is a direction that crosses the X-ray beam 2 at right angles in the xy plane (a direction that is perpendicular to the optical axis L of the X-ray beam 2 and may be substantially at right angles). The direction is a direction along the X-ray beam 2 (a direction parallel to the optical axis L of the X-ray beam 2 and may be substantially parallel), and the x direction and the y direction are orthogonal to each other. Yes. When the rotation angle φ is 0 °, the movement directions X and Y of the XY mechanism 6 coincide with the x direction and the y direction, respectively. Therefore, the movement in the x direction is performed only by the X movement. When the rotation angle φ is not 0 °, the movement directions X and Y of the XY mechanism 6 are rotated from the directions x and y. Therefore, the movement in the x direction is performed by combining the X movement and the Y movement.

移動させるｘ方向の所定距離としては、撮影倍率（＝ＦＤＤ／ＦＣＤ）が大きいほど小さな量を選ぶ。例えば、所定距離Ｓは式、
Ｓ＝ΔＮ・ｄｐｎ・ＦＣＤ／ＦＤＤ ………（１）
で計算する。ΔＮは期待されるずれ画素数で、定数（例えば５０）である。ｄｐｎは検出面３ａ上のｘ方向の１画素サイズで、定数である。As the predetermined distance in the x direction to be moved, a smaller amount is selected as the photographing magnification (= FDD / FCD) is larger. For example, the predetermined distance S is an expression,
S = ΔN · dpn · FCD / FDD (1)
Calculate with ΔN is an expected number of shifted pixels, and is a constant (for example, 50). dpn is one pixel size in the x direction on the detection surface 3a and is a constant.

ステップＳ３でテーブル４をｘ方向に所定距離Ｓだけ移動させた後、ステップＳ４で、移動制御部９ｄは、Ｘ線を照射させＸ線検出器３の出力を取込み、被検体５の第二の透過像を制御処理部９の適宜な記憶部（図示せず）に記憶する。図４は第一の実施形態に係る第二の透過像を示す模式図である。第二の透過像１７上では、第一の透過像１４と比べて、被検体５はｘ方向に移動しており、透過像上の模様１６を有する着目部もｘ方向に移動している。  After moving the table 4 in the x direction by a predetermined distance S in step S3, in step S4, the movement control unit 9d irradiates X-rays and captures the output of the X-ray detector 3, and the second of the subject 5 is captured. The transmission image is stored in an appropriate storage unit (not shown) of the control processing unit 9. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a second transmission image according to the first embodiment. On the second transmission image 17, the subject 5 moves in the x direction compared to the first transmission image 14, and the target portion having the pattern 16 on the transmission image also moves in the x direction.

ステップＳ５で、着目部の透過像上の移動量を以下のように求める。第二透過像上でＲＯＩ１５を、形を保ったままｘ方向にΔｎ画素ずらし、ＲＯＩ１５’としたときのＲＯＩ１５’内の画像と、ステップＳ１で記憶した第一透過像のＲＯＩ１５内の画像との相関を取る。相関は、例えば、対応する画素間の画像値の差の絶対値をＲＯＩ内の全画素数分加算して相関値を求め、ずらし量Δｎを変えて行き、最も小さな相関値となるΔｎ（最も一致度が高いずらし量）を着目部の透過像上の移動量とする。これにより、模様１６の移動量としてΔｎが求まる。ここで、もし模様１６がＸ線焦点ＦからＦＣＤの距離にあった場合、Δｎは期待されるずれ画素数ΔＮと一致するが、一般的には異なる距離にあるので、ΔＮとΔｎは異なる値になる。  In step S5, the amount of movement of the target portion on the transmission image is obtained as follows. The ROI 15 is shifted by Δn pixels in the x direction while maintaining the shape on the second transmission image, and the image in the ROI 15 ′ when the ROI 15 ′ is set, and the image in the ROI 15 of the first transmission image stored in step S1. Take correlation. The correlation is obtained by, for example, adding the absolute value of the difference between the image values of the corresponding pixels for all the pixels in the ROI to obtain a correlation value, changing the shift amount Δn, and obtaining the smallest correlation value Δn (most The shift amount having a high degree of coincidence) is defined as the movement amount on the transmission image of the target portion. Thereby, Δn is obtained as the movement amount of the pattern 16. Here, if the pattern 16 is at the distance from the X-ray focal point F to the FCD, Δn coincides with the expected number of shifted pixels ΔN, but is generally at a different distance, so ΔN and Δn are different values. become.

ステップＳ６で、移動制御部９ｄは、着目部のｘｙ位置を以下のように求める。  In step S6, the movement control unit 9d obtains the xy position of the target portion as follows.

図５は、第一の実施形態に係る着目部のｘｙｚ位置を求める幾何図（（ａ）平面図、（ｂ）正面図）である。ここで、ｘ，ｙ，ｚ座標の原点Ｃは回転軸ＲＡ上のＸ線ビーム２の中央位置に定める。  FIG. 5 is a geometric diagram ((a) plan view, (b) front view) for obtaining the xyz position of the target portion according to the first embodiment. Here, the origin C of the x, y, z coordinates is determined at the center position of the X-ray beam 2 on the rotation axis RA.

第二透過像のＲＯＩ１５’の中心である着目部中心１５ａ’のｘ，ｙ位置ｘ２，ｙ２を、例えば、式、
ｙ２＝ＦＣＤ・（Δｎ−ΔＮ）／Δｎ ………（２）
ｘ２＝（ｎ２−ｎｃ）・ｄｐｎ・（ＦＣＤ−ｙ２）／ＦＤＤ ………（３）
を順次計算して求める。ここで、ｎ２は第二透過像上の着目部中心１５ａ’のｘ方向の画素位置、ｎｃは回転軸ＲＡの投影位置でほぼ画面の中央である。For example, the x, y position x2, y2 of the center of interest 15a ′, which is the center of the ROI 15 ′ of the second transmission image,
y2 = FCD · (Δn−ΔN) / Δn (2)
x2 = (n2-nc) .dpn. (FCD-y2) / FDD (3)
Are calculated sequentially. Here, n2 is the pixel position in the x direction of the center of interest 15a ′ on the second transmission image, and nc is the projection position of the rotation axis RA and is substantially the center of the screen.

ステップＳ７で、移動制御部９ｄは、ＸＹ機構６を制御して、テーブル４をｘ，ｙ方向それぞれに、−ｘ２、−ｙ２だけ移動させて、被検体５の着目部中心１５ａ’を回転軸ＲＡ上に来るように合わせる。  In step S7, the movement control unit 9d controls the XY mechanism 6 to move the table 4 in the x and y directions by −x2 and −y2, respectively, so that the center of interest 15a ′ of the subject 5 is rotated. Match up with RA.

ここで、図６を参照して、回転角度φが０°でないとき、ＸＹ機構６の移動方向ＸとＹは方向ｘとｙから回転しているので、移動ベクトル１９（Δｘ，Δｙ）の移動は、式、
ΔＸ＝Δｘ・ｃｏｓφ−Δｙ・ｓｉｎφ ………（４）
ΔＹ＝Δｘ・ｓｉｎφ＋Δｙ・ｃｏｓφ ………（５）
で計算されるＸ移動とＹ移動を組み合わせて行うようにする。Here, referring to FIG. 6, when the rotation angle φ is not 0 °, the movement directions X and Y of the XY mechanism 6 are rotating from the directions x and y, so that the movement vector 19 (Δx, Δy) moves. Is the formula,
ΔX = Δx · cosφ−Δy · sinφ (4)
ΔY = Δx · sinφ + Δy · cosφ (5)
The X movement and Y movement calculated in the above are combined.

ステップＳ８で，図５を参照して、移動制御部９ｄは、第二透過像のＲＯＩ１５’の中心である着目部中心１５ａ’のｚ位置ｚ２を、例えば、式、
ｚ２＝（ｍｃ−ｍ２）・ｄｐｍ・（ＦＣＤ−ｙ２）／ＦＤＤ ………（６）
で計算する。ここで、ｍ２は第二透過像上の着目部中心１５ａ’のｚ方向の画素位置、ｍｃは断面像の中央、ｄｐｍは検出面３ａ上のｚ方向の１画素サイズである。In step S8, referring to FIG. 5, the movement control unit 9d determines the z position z2 of the target portion center 15a ′, which is the center of the ROI 15 ′ of the second transmission image, by, for example,
z2 = (mc−m2) · dpm · (FCD−y2) / FDD (6)
Calculate with Here, m2 is the pixel position in the z direction of the center of interest 15a 'on the second transmission image, mc is the center of the cross-sectional image, and dpm is the size of one pixel in the z direction on the detection surface 3a.

ステップＳ９で、移動制御部９ｄは、回転・昇降機構７を制御して、テーブル４をｚ方向に、−ｚ２だけ移動させて、被検体５の着目部中心１５ａ’を、検出面３ａに対してＸ線ビーム２の広がりのｚ方向の中央に合わせる。  In step S9, the movement control unit 9d controls the rotation / lifting mechanism 7 to move the table 4 in the z direction by −z2 so that the focused portion center 15a ′ of the subject 5 is moved with respect to the detection surface 3a. The center of the spread of the X-ray beam 2 in the z direction is adjusted.

ステップＳ１０で、移動制御部９ｄは、シフト機構８を制御して、ＲＯＩ１５で示される着目部の大きさが、検出面３ａに対してＸ線ビーム２のｘｙ面に沿った広がりにちょうど収まるようにＦＣＤを変える。このときのＦＣＤの移動先ＦＣＤ’は、例えば、式、
ＦＣＤ’＝（ＦＣＤ−ｙ２）・Ｎｒ／Ｎ０ ………（７）
で計算する。ここで右辺のＦＣＤは移動前の値、ｙ２は式（２）で求めた値、ＮｒはＲＯＩ１５のｎ方向の画素数、Ｎ０は透過像のｎ方向画素数である。In step S10, the movement control unit 9d controls the shift mechanism 8 so that the size of the portion of interest indicated by the ROI 15 is just within the spread along the xy plane of the X-ray beam 2 with respect to the detection surface 3a. Change the FCD. The destination FCD ′ of the FCD at this time is, for example, an equation:
FCD ′ = (FCD−y2) · Nr / N0 (7)
Calculate with Here, FCD on the right side is a value before movement, y2 is a value obtained by Expression (2), Nr is the number of pixels in the n-direction of ROI 15, and N0 is the number of pixels in the n-direction of the transmission image.

以上のステップＳ１ないしステップＳ１０により、被検体５の着目部を断面像視野１０の直径内にちょうど収めるようにできる。  Through the above steps S1 to S10, the portion of interest of the subject 5 can be set just within the diameter of the cross-sectional image field 10.

次に、スキャン制御部９ｅが断層撮影を制御し、被検体５をＸ線ビーム２に対し回転させて、多数の方向について透過像を得る。再構成部９ｆは、得られた多数の方向の透過像を処理して被検体５の着目部内の断面像を得る。  Next, the scan controller 9e controls tomography, rotates the subject 5 with respect to the X-ray beam 2, and obtains transmission images in many directions. The reconstruction unit 9f processes the obtained transmission images in a number of directions to obtain a cross-sectional image in the target portion of the subject 5.

（第一の実施の形態の効果）
第一の実施形態によれば、第一透過像上で被検体の着目部を設定するのみで、テーブルを所定距離（Ｓ）移動させて撮影した第二透過像上の着目部の移動量（Δｎ）から着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｘ２，ｙ２）を求めるので、着目部を簡便に回転軸上に合わせることができる。また、着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｙ２）を用いて着目部のｚ方向の位置（ｚ２）を求めるので、着目部を簡便にｚ方向中央に合わせることができる。また、着目部のｘｙ面に沿った位置（ｙ２）と着目部の大きさ（Ｎｒ）とから、着目部の大きさがＸ線ビーム２のｘｙ面に沿った広がりにちょうど収まる撮影距離（ＦＣＤ’）に変更するので、着目部を簡便に断面像視野１０の直径内にちょうど収めるようにできる。(Effects of the first embodiment)
According to the first embodiment, only by setting the target portion of the subject on the first transmission image, the amount of movement of the target portion on the second transmission image taken by moving the table by a predetermined distance (S) ( Since the position (x2, y2) along the xy plane of the target portion is obtained from Δn), the target portion can be easily aligned on the rotation axis. Further, since the position (z2) in the z direction of the target part is obtained using the position (y2) along the xy plane of the target part, the target part can be easily adjusted to the center in the z direction. Further, from the position (y2) along the xy plane of the target portion and the size (Nr) of the target portion, the photographing distance (FCD) where the size of the target portion is just within the spread along the xy plane of the X-ray beam 2 Since it is changed to '), it is possible to simply fit the target portion within the diameter of the cross-sectional image field 10.

また、第一透過像上の着目部をずらして第二透過像と相関を取って一致度が高いずらし量を着目部の透過像上の移動量として求めるので、透過像上の模様１６の移動量として着目部の移動量を正確に求めることができ、着目部を正確に回転軸上に合わせることができる。  In addition, since the part of interest on the first transmission image is shifted and correlated with the second transmission image to obtain a shift amount having a high degree of coincidence as the amount of movement of the part of interest on the transmission image, movement of the pattern 16 on the transmission image The amount of movement of the target portion can be accurately obtained as the amount, and the target portion can be accurately aligned on the rotation axis.

（第一の実施の形態の変形）
その他、本発明は、上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形して実施することが可能である。(Modification of the first embodiment)
In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

（変形例１）
第一実施形態のステップＳ１０では、着目部の大きさがＸ線ビーム２のｘｙ面に沿った広がりにちょうど収まるようにＦＣＤを変えているが、着目部の大きさがＸ線ビーム２のｚ方向に沿った広がりにちょうど収まるようにＦＣＤを変えてもよい。この場合は、ＦＣＤの移動先ＦＣＤ’’は、例えば、式、
ＦＣＤ’’＝（ＦＣＤ−ｙ２）・Ｍｒ／Ｍ０ ………（８）
で計算する。ここで右辺のＦＣＤは移動前の値、ｙ２は式（２）で求めた値、ＭｒはＲＯＩ１５のｍ方向の画素数、Ｍ０は透過像のｍ方向画素数である。これにより、着目部を簡便に断面像視野１０の高さ内にちょうど収めるようにできる。(Modification 1)
In step S <b> 10 of the first embodiment, the FCD is changed so that the size of the target portion is exactly within the spread along the xy plane of the X-ray beam 2, but the size of the target portion is z of the X-ray beam 2. You may change FCD so that it may just fit in the extension along a direction. In this case, the destination FCD ″ of the FCD is, for example, an expression,
FCD ″ = (FCD−y2) · Mr / M0 (8)
Calculate with Here, FCD on the right side is a value before movement, y2 is a value obtained by Expression (2), Mr is the number of pixels in the m direction of the ROI 15, and M0 is the number of pixels in the m direction of the transmission image. Thereby, it is possible to simply fit the target portion within the height of the cross-sectional image field 10.

また、式（７）で計算したＦＣＤ’と、式（８）で計算したＦＣＤ’’を比較して、大きい方を採用してＦＣＤを変えるようにしてもよい。この場合は、着目部を簡便に断面像視野１０の直径内かつ高さ内にちょうど収めるようにできる。  Further, the FCD ′ calculated by the equation (7) may be compared with the FCD ″ calculated by the equation (8), and the larger one may be adopted to change the FCD. In this case, the target portion can be simply stored within the diameter and height of the cross-sectional image field 10.

（変形例２）
第一実施形態で、移動制御部９ｄはステップＳ３ないしステップＳ１０を行なってテーブルのｘｙｚ位置およびＦＣＤを自動移動しているが、ｘｙ位置のみ自動移動としてもよい。これは、図２でステップＳ８，Ｓ９、Ｓ１０を省略したフローである。この場合は、着目部を回転軸上に合わせる移動のみが自動で行なわれ、ｚ移動とＦＣＤ調整は操作者が表示部９ａに表示されたリアルタイム透過像（動画）を目視しながら手動で行う。この場合でも着目部を簡便に回転軸上に合わせることができ、着目部が回転軸に合っていることでｚ移動とＦＣＤ調整は手動でも比較的容易である。(Modification 2)
In the first embodiment, the movement control unit 9d performs steps S3 to S10 to automatically move the xyz position and FCD of the table, but only the xy position may be automatically moved. This is a flow in which steps S8, S9, and S10 are omitted in FIG. In this case, only the movement of aligning the target portion on the rotation axis is automatically performed, and the z movement and FCD adjustment are manually performed while the operator visually observes the real-time transmission image (moving image) displayed on the display portion 9a. Even in this case, the focused portion can be easily aligned on the rotation axis, and the z movement and the FCD adjustment are relatively easy even manually because the focused portion is aligned with the rotation axis.

さらに、同様に、ｘｙｚ位置のみ自動移動（ステップＳ１０を省略）とすることも、ｘｙ移動とＦＣＤ調整のみを自動移動（ステップＳ８，Ｓ９を省略）とすることもできる。  Similarly, only the xyz position can be automatically moved (step S10 is omitted), or only the xy movement and FCD adjustment can be automatically moved (steps S8 and S9 are omitted).

（変形例３）
第一の実施形態では、ステップＳ３でテーブル４をｘ方向に所定距離移動させているが、ｚ方向に所定距離移動するようにしてもよい。この場合の変更点は以下のとおりである。(Modification 3)
In the first embodiment, the table 4 is moved a predetermined distance in the x direction in step S3, but may be moved a predetermined distance in the z direction. The changes in this case are as follows.

ステップＳ３で、テーブル４をｘ方向に移動させる代わりに、式、
Ｓ＝ΔＭ・ｄｐｍ・ＦＣＤ／ＦＤＤ ………（１’）
で計算される所定距離Ｓだけｚ方向に移動させる。ここでΔＭは期待されるずれ画素数で、定数（例えば５０）である。ｄｐｍは検出面３ａ上のｚ方向の１画素サイズで、定数である。In step S3, instead of moving the table 4 in the x direction,
S = ΔM · dpm · FCD / FDD (1 ′)
It is moved in the z direction by a predetermined distance S calculated by Here, ΔM is an expected number of shifted pixels, which is a constant (for example, 50). dpm is a constant of one pixel size in the z direction on the detection surface 3a.

ステップＳ５で、第二透過像上でＲＯＩ１５を、形を保ったままｚ方向にΔｍ画素ずらしＲＯＩ１５’としたときのＲＯＩ１５’内の画像と、ステップＳ１で記憶した第一透過像のＲＯＩ１５内の画像との相関を取る。相関は、例えば、対応する画素間の画像値の差の絶対値をＲＯＩ内の全画素数分加算して相関値を求め、ずらし量Δｍを変えて行き、最も小さな相関値となるΔｍ（最も一致度が高いずらし量）を着目部の透過像上の移動量とする。ここで、もし模様１６がＸ線焦点ＦからＦＣＤの距離にあった場合、Δｍは期待されるずれ画素数ΔＭと一致するが、一般的には異なる距離にあるのでΔＭとΔｍは異なる値になる。  In step S5, the ROI 15 on the second transmission image is shifted by Δm pixels in the z direction while maintaining the shape, and is set to ROI 15 ′, and the ROI 15 in the ROI 15 of the first transmission image stored in step S1. Take correlation with the image. The correlation is obtained by, for example, adding the absolute value of the difference between the image values of the corresponding pixels by the number of all pixels in the ROI to obtain a correlation value, changing the shift amount Δm, and obtaining the smallest correlation value Δm (most The shift amount having a high degree of coincidence) is defined as the movement amount on the transmission image of the target portion. Here, if the pattern 16 is at the distance from the X-ray focal point F to the FCD, Δm coincides with the expected number of misaligned pixels ΔM, but in general, ΔM and Δm have different values because they are at different distances. Become.

ステップＳ６で式（２）の代わりに、式、
ｙ２＝ＦＣＤ・（Δｍ−ΔＭ）／Δｍ ………（２’）
を用いる。In step S6, instead of equation (2),
y2 = FCD · (Δm−ΔM) / Δm (2 ′)
Is used.

（変形例４）
第一の実施形態で、所定距離Ｓだけｘ方向に移動させるが、ｘのプラス方向でもマイナス方向でもよい。マイナス方向へ移動させる場合はΔＮに負の数値を用いるだけで、計算式はそのまま使用できる。また、変形例３でも、マイナス方向へ移動させる場合はΔＭに負の数値を用いるだけでよい。(Modification 4)
In the first embodiment, it is moved in the x direction by a predetermined distance S, but it may be in the plus or minus direction of x. When moving in the minus direction, a negative numerical value is simply used for ΔN, and the calculation formula can be used as it is. Also in the third modification, when moving in the minus direction, it is only necessary to use a negative numerical value for ΔM.

また、第一透過像上のＲＯＩ１５の位置が透過像の中央に近づく向きに所定距離Ｓだけ移動させるようにすると、第二透過像上でＲＯＩ１５’が透過像からはみ出すことが生じないので都合がよい。  Further, if the position of the ROI 15 on the first transmission image is moved by a predetermined distance S toward the center of the transmission image, the ROI 15 ′ does not protrude from the transmission image on the second transmission image. Good.

（本発明の第二の実施の形態の構成）
以下、本発明の第二の実施形態の構成について図７を参照して説明する。(Configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention)
The configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

図７は本発明の第二実施形態に係るＣＴ装置の構成を示した模式図（正面図）である。  FIG. 7 is a schematic view (front view) showing the configuration of the CT apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Ｘ線管（放射線源）３１と、Ｘ線管３１のＸ線焦点Ｆより放射されたＸ線の一部であるコーン状のＸ線ビーム（放射線）３２を２次元の分解能で検出するＸ線検出器（放射線検出手段）３３とが対向してシフト機構３４上に配置され、このＸ線ビーム３２に入るようにテーブル３５上に載置された被検体３６を透過したＸ線ビーム３２がＸ線検出器３３により検出され、透過像（透過データ）として出力される。  X-rays that detect a cone-shaped X-ray beam (radiation) 32 that is a part of the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube (radiation source) 31 and the X-ray focal point F of the X-ray tube 31 with two-dimensional resolution. The X-ray beam 32 transmitted through the subject 36 placed on the table 35 so as to enter the X-ray beam 32 is disposed on the shift mechanism 34 so as to face the detector (radiation detection means) 33. It is detected by the line detector 33 and output as a transmission image (transmission data).

Ｘ線管３１とＸ線検出器３３はシフト機構（撮影距離変更手段）３４とともに回転機構３７（回転手段）によりＸ線ビーム３２と交差する（Ｘ線ビーム３２の光軸Ｌに対して垂直に交差し、実質的に垂直な方向であれば良い。）回転軸ＲＡに対して回転され、回転機構３７はベース３８から支柱３９により支持されている。さらに、Ｘ線管３１およびＸ線検出器３３はシフト機構３４により回転軸ＲＡに近づけあるいは遠ざけることができ、撮影距離ＦＣＤと検出距離ＦＤＤを変えることができる。  The X-ray tube 31 and the X-ray detector 33 intersect with the X-ray beam 32 by a rotation mechanism 37 (rotation means) together with a shift mechanism (imaging distance changing means) 34 (perpendicular to the optical axis L of the X-ray beam 32). The rotation mechanism 37 is supported by the support 39 from the base 38. The rotation mechanism 37 is rotated about the rotation axis RA. Furthermore, the X-ray tube 31 and the X-ray detector 33 can be moved closer to or away from the rotation axis RA by the shift mechanism 34, and the imaging distance FCD and the detection distance FDD can be changed.

テーブル３５はＸＹ機構（ｘｙ移動手段）４０上に配置され、ＸＹ機構４０はベース３８に支持された昇降機構（ｚ移動手段）４１上に配置されている。ＸＹ機構４０は、回転軸ＲＡに対しテーブル３５を回転軸ＲＡと直交するｘｙ面内で移動させ、昇降機構４１は、テーブル３５を回転軸ＲＡと平行なｚ方向にｚ移動（昇降）させる。  The table 35 is disposed on an XY mechanism (xy moving means) 40, and the XY mechanism 40 is disposed on an elevating mechanism (z moving means) 41 supported by the base 38. The XY mechanism 40 moves the table 35 in the xy plane orthogonal to the rotation axis RA with respect to the rotation axis RA, and the elevating mechanism 41 moves (lifts) the table 35 in the z direction parallel to the rotation axis RA.

ここで、ＸＹ機構４０は、被検体３６の着目部が回転軸ＲＡ上になるように位置調整するために用いられ、シフト機構３４は目的に応じて撮影倍率（＝ＦＤＤ／ＦＣＤ）を変更するために用いられ、昇降機構４１は被検体３６の着目部をＸ線ビーム３２の高さに合わせるのに用いられる。また、回転機構３７は断面像を撮影する場合にＸ線ビーム３２を被検体３６に対し回転させて、多数の方向について透過像を得るために用いられる。  Here, the XY mechanism 40 is used to adjust the position of the target portion of the subject 36 on the rotation axis RA, and the shift mechanism 34 changes the imaging magnification (= FDD / FCD) according to the purpose. The elevating mechanism 41 is used to adjust the target portion of the subject 36 to the height of the X-ray beam 32. The rotation mechanism 37 is used to obtain a transmission image in many directions by rotating the X-ray beam 32 with respect to the subject 36 when taking a cross-sectional image.

図７に示す断面像視野（あるいはスキャン領域と称する）４２は、Ｘ線ビーム３２が回転軸ＲＡに対して１回転する間に、常にＸ線検出器３３で検出されるＸ線ビーム３２に包含される領域と定義される。断面像視野４２は回転軸ＲＡを軸とする略円筒状の領域であり、無理なく断面像を再構成できる領域である。  7 is included in the X-ray beam 32 that is always detected by the X-ray detector 33 while the X-ray beam 32 makes one rotation with respect to the rotation axis RA. Defined as an area The cross-sectional image field 42 is a substantially cylindrical region having the rotation axis RA as an axis, and is a region where a cross-sectional image can be reconstructed without difficulty.

構成要素として、他に、各機構部（シフト機構３４、回転機構３７、ＸＹ機構４０、昇降機構４１）を制御し、また、Ｘ線検出器３３からの透過データを処理する制御処理部９、処理結果等を表示する表示部９ａ（表示手段）、Ｘ線管３１を制御するＸ線制御部（図示せず）等がある。  In addition, as a component, a control processing unit 9 that controls each mechanism unit (shift mechanism 34, rotation mechanism 37, XY mechanism 40, lifting mechanism 41) and processes transmission data from the X-ray detector 33, There are a display unit 9a (display means) for displaying processing results and the like, an X-ray control unit (not shown) for controlling the X-ray tube 31, and the like.

制御処理部９は第一実施形態と同一の構成で、通常のコンピュータであり、ＣＰＵ、メモリ、ディスク、表示部９ａ、入力部（キーボードやマウス等）９ｂ、機構制御ボード、インターフェース、等より成っている。  The control processing unit 9 is a normal computer having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and includes a CPU, a memory, a disk, a display unit 9a, an input unit (keyboard, mouse, etc.) 9b, a mechanism control board, an interface, and the like. ing.

制御処理部９は、機構制御ボードにより、各機構部３４，３７，４０、４１の動作位置の信号（エンコーダパルス等）を受けて各機構部３４，３７，４０、４１を制御して被検体の位置合わせやスキャン（断層撮影走査）等を行わせる他、透過データの収集指令パルス等をＸ線検出器３３に送る。なお、各機構部３４，３７，４０、４１には図示してないエンコーダが取付けられており、テーブル３５のＸＹ機構４０による移動位置Ｘ，Ｙ、昇降機構４１によるｚ移動位置ｚ、回転機構３７による回転角度φ、及びシフト機構３４によるＦＣＤ，ＦＤＤが読み取られ、それぞれ制御処理部９に送られる。  The control processing unit 9 receives the signals (encoder pulses and the like) of the operation positions of the mechanism units 34, 37, 40, and 41 by the mechanism control board and controls the mechanism units 34, 37, 40, and 41 to examine the subject. In addition, the transmission data acquisition command pulse and the like are sent to the X-ray detector 33. Note that an encoder (not shown) is attached to each of the mechanism units 34, 37, 40, and 41, the movement positions X and Y of the table 35 by the XY mechanism 40, the z movement position z by the lifting mechanism 41, and the rotation mechanism 37. , And the FCD and FDD by the shift mechanism 34 are read and sent to the control processing unit 9, respectively.

また、制御処理部９は、断層撮影時にＸ線検出器３３からの透過データを収集し、記憶し、再構成処理して被検体の断面像を作成し、表示部９ａに表示する。  The control processing unit 9 collects transmission data from the X-ray detector 33 during tomography, stores it, reconstructs it, creates a cross-sectional image of the subject, and displays it on the display unit 9a.

また、制御処理部９は、Ｘ線制御部（図示せず）に指令を出し、管電圧、管電流を指定すると共に、Ｘ線の放射、停止の指示を行なう。管電圧、管電流は被検体に合わせて変えることができる。  In addition, the control processing unit 9 issues a command to an X-ray control unit (not shown), specifies tube voltage and tube current, and instructs X-ray emission and stop. The tube voltage and tube current can be changed according to the subject.

制御処理部９は、図１と同様に、ソフトウエアを読み込んでＣＰＵが機能する機能ブロックとして、透過像上で着目部の設定を受け付けるＲＯＩ設定部（受付手段）９ｃ、設定された着目部を回転軸ＲＡ上に移動する移動制御部（移動制御手段）９ｄ、断層撮影をするためのスキャン制御部９ｅ、透過像データを用いて断面像を作成する再構成部（再構成手段）９ｆ、等を備えている。  As in FIG. 1, the control processing unit 9 reads the software and functions as a function block for the CPU to function as an ROI setting unit (accepting unit) 9 c that receives the setting of the target unit on the transmission image, and the set target unit. A movement control unit (movement control unit) 9d that moves on the rotation axis RA, a scan control unit 9e for tomography, a reconstruction unit (reconstruction unit) 9f that creates a cross-sectional image using transmission image data, etc. It has.

（第二の実施の形態の作用）
第二実施形態の作用においては、第一実施形態に係る、ＸＹ機構６によるＸＹ移動、回転・昇降機構７によるｚ移動、回転・昇降機構７による回転角度φの変更及びシフト機構８によるＦＣＤ，ＦＤＤの変更が、第二実施形態では、それぞれ、ＸＹ機構４０によるＸＹ移動、昇降機構４１によるｚ移動、回転機構３７による回転角度φの変更及びシフト機構３４によるＦＣＤ，ＦＤＤの変更に置き換わるのみである。これらの動きによる被検体３６とＸ線ビーム３２間の相対的な動きは第一実施形態と第二実施形態で全く同じである。(Operation of the second embodiment)
In the operation of the second embodiment, the XY movement by the XY mechanism 6, the z movement by the rotation / lifting mechanism 7, the change of the rotation angle φ by the rotation / lifting mechanism 7, and the FCD by the shift mechanism 8 according to the first embodiment, In the second embodiment, the FDD change is merely replaced with XY movement by the XY mechanism 40, z movement by the lifting mechanism 41, change of the rotation angle φ by the rotation mechanism 37, and change of FCD and FDD by the shift mechanism 34, respectively. is there. The relative movement between the subject 36 and the X-ray beam 32 due to these movements is exactly the same in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.

したがって、第二実施形態の作用は、第一実施形態の作用と同様になるので記載を省略する。  Therefore, the operation of the second embodiment is the same as the operation of the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

（第二の実施の形態の効果）
第二の実施形態によれば、第一の実施形態と同様の効果をあげることができるが、それに加えて、被検体を回転させずに断層撮影できるので、軟弱な被検体でも断層撮影できる効果がある。(Effect of the second embodiment)
According to the second embodiment, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained, but in addition, since the tomography can be performed without rotating the subject, the tomography can be performed even with a weak subject. There is.

（第二の実施の形態の変形）
その他、本発明は、上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形して実施することが可能で、例えば、第一の実施形態と同様の変形が可能である。また、以下の変形も可能である。(Modification of the second embodiment)
In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the same modifications as in the first embodiment are possible. is there. The following modifications are also possible.

（変形例１）
第二実施形態ではテーブル３５を昇降機構４１でｚ移動させているが、Ｘ線管３１とＸ線検出器３３とを一体的にｚ移動させてもよい。要は、テーブル３５とＸ線ビーム３２とが相対的にｚ移動すればよい。(Modification 1)
In the second embodiment, the table 35 is z-moved by the elevating mechanism 41, but the X-ray tube 31 and the X-ray detector 33 may be integrally moved by z. In short, the table 35 and the X-ray beam 32 may be relatively moved by z.

また、テーブル３５をＸＹ機構４０でｘｙ面に沿って移動させているが、回転軸ＲＡ及びＸ線ビーム３２をｘｙ面に沿って移動させてもよい。（この場合、回転機構３７、シフト機構３４、Ｘ線管３１、Ｘ線検出器３３の全体を支柱３９に対して移動させる。）要は、テーブル３５が回転軸ＲＡ及びＸ線ビーム３２に対してｘｙ面に沿って相対的にｘｙ移動すればよい。  Further, although the table 35 is moved along the xy plane by the XY mechanism 40, the rotation axis RA and the X-ray beam 32 may be moved along the xy plane. (In this case, the entire rotation mechanism 37, shift mechanism 34, X-ray tube 31, and X-ray detector 33 are moved with respect to the support column 39.) In short, the table 35 is moved with respect to the rotation axis RA and the X-ray beam 32. Then, it is only necessary to relatively move xy along the xy plane.

１…Ｘ線管、２…Ｘ線ビーム、３…Ｘ線検出器、３ａ…検出面、４…テーブル、５…被検体、６…ＸＹ機構、７…回転・昇降機構、８…シフト機構、９…制御処理部、９ａ…表示部、９ｂ…入力部、９ｃ…ＲＯＩ設定部、９ｄ…移動制御部、９ｅ…スキャン制御部、９ｆ…再構成部、１０…断面像視野、１４…第一の透過像、１５，１５’…ＲＯＩ、１５ａ，１５ａ’…着目部中心、１６…模様、１７…第二の透過像、１９…移動ベクトル、３１…Ｘ線管、３２…Ｘ線ビーム、３３…Ｘ線検出器、３４…シフト機構、３５…テーブル、３６…被検体、３７…回転機構、３８…ベース、３９…支柱、４０…ＸＹ機構、４１…昇降機構、４２…断面像視野、１０１…Ｘ線管、１０２…Ｘ線ビーム、１０３…Ｘ線検出器、１０４…テーブル、１０５…被検体、１０６…ＸＹ機構、１０７…回転・昇降機構、１０８…制御処理部、１０９…シフト機構、１１０…断面像視野  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... X-ray tube, 2 ... X-ray beam, 3 ... X-ray detector, 3a ... Detection surface, 4 ... Table, 5 ... Subject, 6 ... XY mechanism, 7 ... Rotation / lifting mechanism, 8 ... Shift mechanism, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Control processing part, 9a ... Display part, 9b ... Input part, 9c ... ROI setting part, 9d ... Movement control part, 9e ... Scan control part, 9f ... Reconstruction part, 10 ... Cross-sectional image visual field, 14 ... First , 15 '... ROI, 15a, 15a' ... center of interest, 16 ... pattern, 17 ... second transmission image, 19 ... movement vector, 31 ... X-ray tube, 32 ... X-ray beam, 33 ... X-ray detector, 34 ... shift mechanism, 35 ... table, 36 ... subject, 37 ... rotation mechanism, 38 ... base, 39 ... support, 40 ... XY mechanism, 41 ... lifting mechanism, 42 ... cross-sectional image field, 101 ... X-ray tube, 102 ... X-ray beam, 103 ... X-ray detector, 104 ... Table, 105 Subject, 106 ... XY mechanism, 107 ... rotating and lifting mechanism, 108 ... control unit, 109 ... shift mechanism, 110 ... cross-sectional image viewing

Claims (4)

テーブル上に載置された被検体に向けて放射線を放射する放射線源と、前記被検体を透過した放射線を検出して透過像として出力する放射線検出手段と、前記放射線と交差する回転軸に対し前記テーブルと前記放射線とを相対的に回転させる回転手段と、前記回転の多数の方向で検出された透過像から前記被検体の断面像を再構成する再構成手段を有するＣＴ装置において、
前記テーブルを前記回転軸及び前記放射線に対し前記回転軸と直交するｘｙ面に沿って相対的にｘｙ移動させるｘｙ移動手段と、
前記テーブルを前記放射線に対し前記回転軸と平行なｚ方向に相対的にｚ移動させるｚ移動手段と、
１つの前記回転の位置で前記放射線検出手段が検出した第一の透過像を表示する表示手段と、
前記表示手段に表示された前記第一の透過像上で着目部の設定を受け付ける受付手段と、
前記受付手段により前記第一の透過像上で前記着目部が設定されると、前記ｘｙ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを前記放射線を横切る方向へ所定距離相対的にｘｙ移動させてからあるいは前記ｚ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを前記ｚ方向へ所定距離相対的にｚ移動させてから第二の透過像を前記放射線検出手段で検出させ、前記第一の透過像と前記第二の透過像とから前記着目部の透過像上の移動量を求め、前記求めた透過像上の移動量から前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置を求め、前記ｘｙ移動手段を制御して前記着目部を前記回転軸上に合わせるように前記テーブルを相対的にｘｙ移動させる移動制御手段と
を有することを特徴とするＣＴ装置。A radiation source that emits radiation toward a subject placed on a table, radiation detection means that detects radiation transmitted through the subject and outputs it as a transmission image, and a rotation axis that intersects the radiation In a CT apparatus comprising: rotating means for relatively rotating the table and the radiation; and reconstructing means for reconstructing a cross-sectional image of the subject from transmission images detected in a number of directions of rotation.
Xy moving means for moving the table relative to the rotation axis and the radiation along the xy plane orthogonal to the rotation axis;
Z moving means for moving the table relative to the radiation in the z direction parallel to the rotation axis;
Display means for displaying a first transmission image detected by the radiation detection means at one rotation position;
Accepting means for accepting the setting of the part of interest on the first transmission image displayed on the display means;
When the portion of interest is set on the first transmission image by the receiving means, the xy moving means is controlled to move the table relative to the radiation in a direction xy relative to the radiation, or The second moving image is detected by the radiation detecting means after controlling the z moving means to move the table relative to the z direction by a predetermined distance in the z direction, and the first transmission image and the second transmission image are detected. The amount of movement of the portion of interest on the transmission image is obtained from the image, the position of the portion of interest along the xy plane is obtained from the amount of movement of the portion of transmission obtained, and the xy moving means is controlled to control the attention. And a movement control means for moving the table relative to the xy so as to align the part on the rotation axis. 請求項１に記載のＣＴ装置において、
前記移動制御手段は、さらに、求めた前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置を用いて、前記着目部が前記放射線の広がりの前記ｚ方向の中央になるように、前記ｚ移動手段を制御して前記テーブルを相対的にｚ移動させることを特徴とするＣＴ装置。The CT apparatus according to claim 1,
The movement control means further controls the z movement means using the obtained position of the target portion along the xy plane so that the target portion is at the center in the z direction of the spread of the radiation. Then, the CT apparatus moves the table relatively z. 請求項１または請求項２に記載のＣＴ装置において、
前記放射線源と前記回転軸との距離である撮影距離を変更する撮影距離変更手段を有し、
前記移動制御手段は、さらに、求めた前記着目部の前記ｘｙ面に沿った位置および設定された前記着目部の大きさとから、前記着目部の大きさが前記放射線の前記ｘｙ面に沿った広がりにあるいは前記放射線の前記ｚ方向に沿った広がりにちょうど収まる前記撮影距離となるように、前記撮影距離変更手段を制御して前記撮影距離を変更することを特徴とするＣＴ装置。The CT apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
An imaging distance changing means for changing an imaging distance which is a distance between the radiation source and the rotation axis;
Further, the movement control means further determines that the size of the target portion spreads along the xy plane of the radiation from the obtained position of the target portion along the xy plane and the set size of the target portion. Alternatively, the imaging distance is changed by controlling the imaging distance changing means so that the imaging distance is just within the spread of the radiation along the z-direction. 請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のＣＴ装置において、
前記移動制御手段は、前記第一の透過像上で設定された着目部をずらして前記第二の透過像と比較し、一致度が高いずらし量を前記着目部の透過像上の移動量として求めることを特徴とするＣＴ装置。The CT apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The movement control means shifts the target portion set on the first transmission image and compares it with the second transmission image, and uses a shift amount having a high degree of coincidence as a movement amount of the target portion on the transmission image. A CT apparatus characterized by being obtained.
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