JP4684582B2 - Soil cover structure at the final disposal site - Google Patents

Soil cover structure at the final disposal site Download PDF

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JP4684582B2
JP4684582B2 JP2004201239A JP2004201239A JP4684582B2 JP 4684582 B2 JP4684582 B2 JP 4684582B2 JP 2004201239 A JP2004201239 A JP 2004201239A JP 2004201239 A JP2004201239 A JP 2004201239A JP 4684582 B2 JP4684582 B2 JP 4684582B2
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waste
soil
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disposal site
water
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淳一 川端
一喜 小澤
弘明 小林
敏郎 薦田
貞義 中村
秀樹 若林
勉 早崎
徹 中川
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Kajima Corp
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Description

本発明は、廃棄物最終処分場の覆土構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a soil covering structure for a waste final disposal site.

廃棄物最終処分場においては、埋め立てられた廃棄物が適切に分解し、安定化するように図る必要があり、かつ、廃棄物の飛散防止と腐敗防止などのために埋め立てた廃棄物が表層に露出しないように廃棄物の表面に最終的に覆土等の表層を形成するようにしている。この表層を形成する最終覆土工法としては、一般の土砂などによる覆土工法または遮水シートやアスファルトなどの遮水基材を用いたキャッピング工法が選択的に用いられている。   At the final waste disposal site, it is necessary to properly disassemble and stabilize the landfilled waste, and the landfilled waste is on the surface to prevent the waste from being scattered and spoiled. A surface layer such as a cover is finally formed on the surface of the waste so as not to be exposed. As the final earth covering method for forming this surface layer, a common earth covering method using earth or sand or a capping method using a water shielding base material such as a water shielding sheet or asphalt is selectively used.

前記覆土工法には、従来、例えば、地盤材料のみによるキャピラリーバリア効果を利用する構造がある。これは、上層に細粒土、下層に粗粒土の2層構造として、保水性の差異すなわちpF値の差異(pF値;細粒土>粗粒土)および勾配を設けることで、上層の細粒土の保水力が限界高さまでは側方排水を促進させ、廃棄物層への浸透量を制御するものである。   Conventionally, the soil covering method has a structure that utilizes, for example, a capillary barrier effect using only a ground material. This is a two-layer structure of fine-grained soil in the upper layer and coarse-grained soil in the lower layer. By providing a difference in water retention, that is, a difference in pF value (pF value; fine-grained soil> coarse-grained soil) and a gradient, When the water retention capacity of fine-grained soil is at its limit, lateral drainage is promoted and the amount of penetration into the waste layer is controlled.

しかしながら、このような地盤材料のみによるキャピラリーバリア構造においては、一定の降雨強度以内ではバリア効果が保たれるが、図5のグラフに示すように、降雨強度が一定の値を超過すると、下部砂層へ浸透が開始され、降雨量(降雨強度)が増すほど下部への浸透率(降雨強度に対する下部への浸透量の比)も大きくなり、かつその相関関係もバラツキが大きいため、この構造を用いて廃棄物層への浸透量を制御することは容易ではない。   However, in such a capillary barrier structure using only the ground material, the barrier effect is maintained within a certain rainfall intensity. However, when the rainfall intensity exceeds a certain value as shown in the graph of FIG. As the amount of rainfall (rainfall intensity) increases, the rate of penetration into the lower part (ratio of the amount of penetration into the lower part of the rainfall) increases and the correlation varies greatly. Therefore, it is not easy to control the amount of penetration into the waste layer.

また、この構造の施工を行うに際しては、細粒土層、粗粒土層の組合わせにはフィルター基準等による材料の選定が重要となり、現地発生土を使用する場合は、篩い分け等の前処理をする必要があり、施工手間が多くなる。   In addition, when constructing this structure, it is important to select materials based on filter criteria for the combination of fine-grained and coarse-grained soil layers. It is necessary to carry out processing, and the construction labor is increased.

さらに、施工時に多少の不陸などが境界部に生じると、そこを基点としてキャピラリー効果が破られ一挙に浸透が進むことになるうえ、施工後においても水分の移動とともに細粒土層の材料が粗粒土層へ移動し、粒径が混合することにより十分なキャピラリーバリア効果が発揮されない可能性がある。   In addition, if some unevenness occurs at the boundary during construction, the capillary effect will be broken from that point and penetration will proceed at once, and after the construction the material of the fine-grained soil layer will move along with the movement of moisture. There is a possibility that a sufficient capillary barrier effect may not be exhibited by moving to the coarse-grained soil layer and mixing the particle sizes.

一方、開孔シートを通気性防水シートとして利用することがあるが、これは廃棄物を早期安定化させるためには、適度の水と空気の循環が必要であるためであり、通気性防水シートを利用することで覆土全面より通気され、ガスの移動が容易となる利点がある。これに対して、遮水シートでは通水部分である開口部のみで通気されることになる。   On the other hand, the perforated sheet may be used as a breathable waterproof sheet. This is because it is necessary to circulate moderate water and air in order to stabilize waste at an early stage. By using, there is an advantage that the gas is easily moved by aeration from the entire surface of the soil covering. On the other hand, the water-impervious sheet is ventilated only through the opening that is a water-permeable portion.

そして、通気性防水シートを敷設する方法は、通常の降雨強度(10mm/h程度)に対しては通気性防水シート自体にキャピラリーバリア機能があり、側方への排水効率が大きく、廃棄物層へ浸透せず、適度な水分量を供給することができない。この場合の降雨強度に対する下部への浸透率(降雨強度に対する下部への浸透量の比)の関係は、図6のグラフに示すように地盤材料のみの構造と同様に正の相関性があり、かつ浸透率の値はバラツキが大きく、廃棄物層への浸透量を制御することが困難である。   And, the method of laying the breathable waterproof sheet is that the breathable waterproof sheet itself has a capillary barrier function with respect to normal rainfall strength (about 10 mm / h), the drainage efficiency to the side is large, and the waste layer It does not penetrate into the water and cannot supply an appropriate amount of water. In this case, the relationship of the penetration rate to the lower part with respect to the rainfall intensity (ratio of the penetration quantity to the lower part with respect to the rainfall intensity) has a positive correlation as shown in the graph of FIG. And the value of the penetration rate varies widely, and it is difficult to control the amount of penetration into the waste layer.

ここで、廃棄物最終処分場の埋立地に埋め立てた廃棄物の表面に最終的に覆土等の表層を形成するに際し、この表層を透水性を有する部分と、遮水性または難透水性を有する部分とが混在するように形成するようにした廃棄物最終処分場の最終覆土工法がある(例えば特許文献1参照)。   Here, when finally forming a surface layer such as cover soil on the surface of the waste landfilled in the landfill of the waste final disposal site, the surface layer has a water-permeable portion and a water-permeable or hardly water-permeable portion. There is a final earth covering method for a waste final disposal site that is formed so as to be mixed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

これは、透水性を有する部分と、遮水性または難透水性を有する部分とを、帯状に交互に形成するとともに、全ての遮水性または難透水性を有する部分を傾斜面に形成し、かつ、その下縁にそって排水施設を設け、遮水性または難透水性を有する部分に降った雨水を地表水として埋立地外に排水するようにしたものであり、透水性を有する部分と遮水性または難透水性を有する部分の比率を、降雨量に応じて可変にできるようにしている。   This is because the portions having water permeability and the portions having water impermeability or hardly water permeability are alternately formed in a strip shape, and all the portions having water impermeability or hardly water permeability are formed on the inclined surface, and A drainage facility is provided along the lower edge, and rainwater that has fallen on a part having water-impervious or hardly water-permeable properties is drained to the outside of the landfill as surface water. The ratio of the part having poor water permeability is made variable according to the amount of rainfall.

また、廃棄物処分場において雨水の浸透量を調節する方法もある(例えば、特許文献2,3参照)。   There is also a method of adjusting the amount of rainwater permeation in a waste disposal site (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).

特許文献2に記載の技術は、廃棄物処分場において、埋立完了した廃棄物の上面を覆う所定厚み、かつ所定透水係数の浸透調節層と、浸透調節層上に設置された雨水貯留槽と、貯留槽上を覆う最終覆土層とを備え、貯留槽の底面には適宜開口率で小孔を形成し、降雨により覆土層を通過して貯留槽内に一時貯留された雨水が小孔および浸透調節層を通じて順次所定水量で廃棄物内に浸透させるようにしたものである。   The technology described in Patent Document 2 is a waste disposal site, a permeation control layer having a predetermined thickness and a predetermined water permeability coefficient that covers the upper surface of the landfill completed waste, and a rainwater storage tank installed on the permeation control layer, A final cover layer covering the top of the storage tank, and a small hole is appropriately formed in the bottom surface of the storage tank with an opening ratio, and rainwater temporarily stored in the storage tank through the cover layer due to rain It is made to infiltrate into the waste with a predetermined amount of water sequentially through the adjustment layer.

特許文献3に記載の技術は、廃棄物処分場において、埋立完了した廃棄物の上面に、処分場の中央から周縁に至るにつれて傾斜する勾配の最終覆土を施し、覆土上を遮水シートで覆うとともに、遮水シートに所定の開口率で複数のスリットないし小孔を開け、該スリットないし小孔を通じて遮水シート上に降り注ぐ降雨の一部を覆土を通じて廃棄物内に浸透させるものである。
特許第3354920号公報 特開平2004−73907号公報 特開平2004−73908号公報
In the technology described in Patent Document 3, in the waste disposal site, a final covering soil having a gradient that slopes from the center to the periphery of the disposal site is applied to the upper surface of the waste that has been landfilled, and the covering soil is covered with a water shielding sheet. At the same time, a plurality of slits or small holes are formed in the water shielding sheet with a predetermined opening ratio, and a part of the rain that falls on the water shielding sheet through the slits or small holes is infiltrated into the waste through the cover soil.
Japanese Patent No. 3354920 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-73907 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-73908

前記特許第3354920号公報に記載の技術は、透水性を有する部分については、一般の土砂などによる覆土工法を採用して施工し、遮水性または難透水性を有する部分については遮水シートやアスファルトなどの遮水基材を用いたキャッピング工法を採用したり、粘度などの難透水性材料により覆土するなどの方法を採用するものであり、これらを交互に帯状、S字状、波縞状、山折れの縞模様状などの形態に施工する必要がある。   The technique described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. 3354920 uses a general earth covering method such as earth and sand for a part having water permeability, and a water shielding sheet or asphalt for a part having water or low water permeability. Adopting a capping method using a water-impervious substrate such as, or using a method such as covering with a poorly permeable material such as viscosity, these are alternately banded, S-shaped, wavy, It is necessary to construct it in the form of a mountain-folded striped pattern.

よって、覆土工法とキャッピング工法との異なる工法で同時に、または交互に施工することになり、施工性がよくない。しかも、遮水性または難透水性を有する部分だけを傾斜面に形成するものであるため、さらに施工性のよくないものになっている。   Therefore, it will construct simultaneously or alternately by the different construction method of a soil covering construction method and a capping construction method, and workability is not good. And since only the part which has water-imperviousness or hardly water-permeability is formed in an inclined surface, it is a thing in which workability is further not good.

また、特許文献2、3に記載の技術は、廃棄物への雨水の浸透量を調節できるものではあるが、特許文献2はそのための構造として貯留槽の設置を必要とし、設備全体が大掛かりなものになる。   In addition, although the techniques described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 can adjust the amount of rainwater infiltrated into waste, Patent Document 2 requires the installation of a storage tank as a structure for that purpose, and the entire equipment is large. Become a thing.

特許文献3は、遮水シートを敷設するだけですむが、覆土構造として遮水シートが最上層になり、露出するため、そのままでは埋立地を緑化して公園などとして利用することができない。   In Patent Document 3, it is only necessary to lay a water shielding sheet. However, since the water shielding sheet is the uppermost layer and is exposed as a cover structure, the landfill cannot be greened and used as a park as it is.

本発明の目的は前記従来例の不都合を解消するものとして、表層を細粒土層と粗粒土層の2層で形成する場合に、さらにキャピラリーバリア機能を備えるシートを敷設するだけの簡単な構造で通気性と防水性を確実なものにでき、このシートに通水機能をさらに付与することで下部廃棄物層への雨水の浸透量を制御でき、覆土に現地発生土の使用も可能であり、安定した覆土を得ることのできる廃棄物最終処分場の覆土構造を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to solve the inconvenience of the conventional example, and in the case where the surface layer is formed of two layers of a fine-grained soil layer and a coarse-grained soil layer, it is simple to simply lay a sheet having a capillary barrier function. The structure ensures reliable breathability and waterproofness, and by adding water flow function to this sheet, it is possible to control the amount of rainwater infiltrated into the lower waste layer, and it is also possible to use locally generated soil for covering soil It is to provide a soil covering structure for a final disposal site where stable soil covering can be obtained.

本発明は前記目的を達成するものとして、請求項1記載の発明は、廃棄物最終処分場の埋立地に埋め立てた廃棄物の表面に覆土などの表層を形成するに際し、この表層を透水性を有する部分と、遮水性を有する部分とが混在するように形成する廃棄物最終処分場の覆土構造において、廃棄物層の上に勾配をもたせて形成する粗粒土層と、この粗粒土層の上に敷設されて、点在する複数の小孔により形成される通水部を設けた通気性防水シートと、この通気性防水シートの上に形成される細粒土層とで構成することを要旨とするものである。   The present invention achieves the above-mentioned object, and in the invention described in claim 1, when a surface layer such as a cover soil is formed on the surface of waste landfilled in a landfill of a waste final disposal site, the surface layer is permeable to water. A coarse soil layer formed with a gradient on the waste layer, and a coarse soil layer formed on the waste layer in a soil covering structure of a waste final disposal site that is formed so that a portion having a water-impervious portion and a portion having a water shielding property are mixed. A breathable waterproof sheet provided with a water-permeable portion formed by a plurality of scattered small holes, and a fine soil layer formed on the breathable waterproof sheet Is a summary.

請求項1記載の本発明によれば、通気性防水シートに、点在する複数の小孔により形成される通水部を設けることで、キャピラリーバリア機能を備えたシートに通水機能が付与されることになり、基本的な機能である防水性と通気性を確保し、覆土全面よりガスの移動を容易にしつつ、廃棄物層への雨水の浸透率を一定のものに保持できる。また、勾配を設けることで、シート上部の水の側方への排水が促進され下部への浸透を防止できる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the water permeable function is imparted to the sheet having the capillary barrier function by providing the water permeable portion formed by the plurality of scattered small holes in the breathable waterproof sheet. Thus, the waterproof function and air permeability, which are basic functions, can be ensured, and the permeability of rainwater to the waste layer can be kept constant while facilitating the movement of gas from the entire soil covering. Further, by providing a gradient, drainage of water on the upper side of the seat to the side is promoted, and penetration into the lower portion can be prevented.

さらに、シート自体が有するキャピラリーバリア効果により、細粒土層と粗粒土層とが仮に同一の透水性を有する材料になっても、基本的機能である通気性と防水性とを確保できる。よって、細粒土層と粗粒土層に特別な土質材料を使用する必要もなく、現地発生土の使用が可能となる。   Further, due to the capillary barrier effect of the sheet itself, even if the fine-grained soil layer and the coarse-grained soil layer are made of the same water-permeable material, the basic functions of air permeability and waterproofness can be ensured. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a special soil material for the fine-grained soil layer and the coarse-grained soil layer, and the locally generated soil can be used.

また、通気性防水シートの敷設により、細粒土層の材料が粗粒土層へ移動することを抑止でき、さらに細粒土層と粗粒土層との境界部に多少の不当沈下などによる不陸が発生してもキャピラリーバリア効果に影響は少なく、土構造のみの場合に比較して安定性の高い覆土構造となる。そして、細粒土層と粗粒土層との境界部も安定するから、施工後も安定した勾配を維持できる。   In addition, by laying a breathable waterproof sheet, the material of the fine-grained soil layer can be prevented from moving to the coarse-grained soil layer, and further due to some unjustified subsidence at the boundary between the fine-grained soil layer and the coarse-grained soil layer. Even if unevenness occurs, there is little influence on the capillary barrier effect, and the soil covering structure is highly stable compared to the case of the soil structure alone. And since the boundary part of a fine-grained soil layer and a coarse-grained soil layer is also stabilized, the stable gradient can be maintained even after construction.

請求項2記載の発明は、前記粗粒土層および細粒土層は、現地発生土を使用することを要旨とするものである。   The gist of the invention described in claim 2 is that the coarse-grained soil layer and the fine-grained soil layer use locally generated soil.

請求項2記載の本発明によれば、現地発生土を使用する場合であっても、前記シートがキャピラリーバリア機能を有しているから、前処理としての粒度調整などを行う必要がなく、また、特別な土質材料を持ち込む必要もなく、施工性が向上する。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, even when using locally generated soil, since the sheet has a capillary barrier function, it is not necessary to perform particle size adjustment as a pretreatment, and This eliminates the need to bring in special soil materials and improves workability.

請求項3記載の発明は、前記小孔は、降雨量の5〜15%の水が流入する面積に形成することを要旨とするものである。 The gist of the invention described in claim 3 is that the small hole is formed in an area into which water of 5 to 15% of the rainfall flows.

請求項3記載の本発明によれば、小孔の大きさや数などによって、開口部の面積を設定できるから、この開口率により下方の廃棄物層へ雨水の浸透量を適切なものに制御できる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the area of the opening can be set according to the size and number of small holes, the amount of rainwater penetrating into the waste layer below can be controlled appropriately by this opening ratio. .

請求項4記載の発明は、前記小孔は千鳥状に配置することを要旨とするものである。   The gist of the invention described in claim 4 is that the small holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

請求項4記載の本発明によれば、小孔を千鳥状に配置することで、下方の廃棄物層へ雨水の浸透量を一定のものに制御できる。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by arranging the small holes in a staggered manner, it is possible to control the infiltration amount of rainwater to the waste layer below.

請求項5記載の発明は、前記小孔は、開口縁に鉛直な立ち上げ部を形成することを要旨とするものである。   The gist of the invention described in claim 5 is that the small hole forms a vertical rising portion at the opening edge.

請求項5記載の本発明によれば、上部覆土層内の鉛直浸透水のみを小孔の開口内に浸入させて下方に浸透させることができ、また、シート表面を流れる水は小孔から下方に浸透することが阻止されるから、小孔の開口部の面積のみで下方への浸透量を確実に制御できる。   According to the present invention described in claim 5, only the vertically osmotic water in the upper cover layer can enter the small hole opening and permeate downward, and the water flowing on the sheet surface is downward from the small hole. Therefore, the amount of the downward penetration can be reliably controlled only by the area of the opening of the small hole.

請求項6記載の発明は、前記立ち上げ部の頂部を円弧状に形成したことを要旨とするものである。   The gist of the invention described in claim 6 is that the top of the rising portion is formed in an arc shape.

請求項6記載の本発明によれば、立ち上げ部の頂部を円弧状に形成することで、排水の流れがスムーズになり、小孔内に流入する水量を確実に制御できる。   According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, by forming the top portion of the rising portion in an arc shape, the flow of drainage becomes smooth, and the amount of water flowing into the small hole can be reliably controlled.

以上述べたように本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造は、表層を細粒土層と粗粒土層の2層で形成する場合に、さらにキャピラリーバリア機能を備えるシートを敷設するだけの簡単な構造で通気性と防水性を確実なものにでき、覆土構造を安定したものにでき、このシートに通水機能をさらに付与することで下部廃棄物層への雨水の浸透量を制御でき、覆土に現地発生土の使用も可能であり、安定した覆土を得ることのできるものである。   As described above, the soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site of the present invention is that only when a surface layer is formed of two layers of a fine-grained soil layer and a coarse-grained soil layer, a sheet having a capillary barrier function is further laid. The simple structure can ensure air permeability and waterproofness, the cover structure can be stabilized, and the water penetration function can be added to this sheet to control the amount of rainwater infiltrated into the lower waste layer. In addition, the use of locally generated soil is also possible for the cover soil, and a stable cover soil can be obtained.

以下、図面について本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。図1は本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造の実施形態を示す縦断正面図、図2は同上要部である通気性防水シートの平面図で、本発明の覆土構造は基本構成として廃棄物層1の上に勾配をもたせて形成する粗粒土層2と、この粗粒土層2の上に敷設されて、点在する複数の小孔5により形成される通水部を設けた通気性防水シート3と、この通気性防水シート3の上に形成される細粒土層4とで構成する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal front view showing an embodiment of a soil covering structure in a waste final disposal site of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a breathable waterproof sheet as a main part of the same, and the soil covering structure of the present invention is discarded as a basic structure A coarse soil layer 2 formed on the physical layer 1 with a gradient, and a water flow portion formed by the plurality of small holes 5 laid on the coarse soil layer 2 are provided. It consists of a breathable waterproof sheet 3 and a fine-grained soil layer 4 formed on the breathable waterproof sheet 3.

廃棄物層1は、産業廃棄物や一般廃棄物を焼却した焼却灰や不燃物などである。この上に形成する粗粒土層2、砂層などによる細粒土層4はともに現地発生土を使用し、いずれも粒度調整は特に必要としない。   The waste layer 1 is incinerated ash or incombustible material obtained by incinerating industrial waste or general waste. Both the coarse-grained soil layer 2 and the fine-grained soil layer 4 formed by the sand layer use locally generated soil, and no particular adjustment of the particle size is required.

通気性防水シート3には、前記のように通水部として、複数の小孔5を点在させて形成するが、この小孔5は開口5aの開口縁に鉛直方向に突出する立ち上がり部6を設け、その頂部は例えば円弧状に形成して立ち上がり部6の全体形状を小山状に形成する。   As described above, the breathable waterproof sheet 3 is formed by interspersing a plurality of small holes 5 as the water-permeable portion, and the small holes 5 are raised at the opening edge of the opening 5a in the vertical direction. The top portion is formed in, for example, an arc shape, and the entire shape of the rising portion 6 is formed in a small mountain shape.

小孔5の開口率(通気性防水シート3の面積に対する開口5aによる通水部分の比)は、キャピラリーバリア効果を確保するためには、降雨量に対して所定の浸透率が得られるよう、例えば開口部分の面積比で0.1〜数%程度に設定し、開口面積も降雨量の10%程度(望ましくは降雨量の5〜15%)が流入する程度に設定する。また、複数の小孔5は千鳥状に配置する。なお、小孔5の数や大きさ、すなわち開口率や開口面積、さらには立ち上がり部6の高さは、これを適宜調整することで降雨強度に対する廃棄物層への雨水の浸透率を一定のものとし、季節によって降雨量(降雨強度)の変動が大きい地域において、廃棄物層への雨水の浸透量の管理を可能とした。立ち上がり部6の高さ調整は細粒土層4の細粒分に応じて行う。   In order to ensure the capillary barrier effect, the aperture ratio of the small holes 5 (ratio of the water passing portion by the opening 5a to the area of the breathable waterproof sheet 3) is such that a predetermined permeability is obtained with respect to the rainfall amount. For example, the area ratio of the opening portion is set to about 0.1 to several percent, and the opening area is also set to about 10% of the rainfall amount (preferably 5 to 15% of the rainfall amount) flows. The plurality of small holes 5 are arranged in a staggered manner. The number and size of the small holes 5, that is, the opening ratio and the opening area, and the height of the rising portion 6 can be adjusted as appropriate so that the penetration rate of rainwater into the waste layer with respect to the rainfall intensity is constant. It was made possible to manage the amount of rainwater infiltrated into the waste layer in regions where rainfall (rainfall intensity) varies greatly depending on the season. The height of the rising portion 6 is adjusted in accordance with the fine grain portion of the fine grain soil layer 4.

図3、図4は下記の表1に示すように小孔5の開口率や突出高を異ならせた場合の、各ケースごとの浸透率を示す。

Figure 0004684582
3 and 4 show the permeation rate for each case when the aperture ratio and protrusion height of the small holes 5 are varied as shown in Table 1 below.
Figure 0004684582

特に、覆土構造において、低勾配で浸透量を制御できるから、覆土材料の容積を小さくすることが可能である。   In particular, in the soil covering structure, since the amount of permeation can be controlled with a low gradient, the volume of the soil covering material can be reduced.

以上のようにして構成した覆土に降雨があると、雨水は上層の細粒土層4に浸透し、ここで保水される。保水能力が限界に達すると、その下方の通気性防水シート3の表面に流下し、この上を勾配にそって流れ、側部から排水される。この通気性防水シート3の表面に浸透した雨水は、シート上を流れるとき立ち上がり部6により小孔5の開口5a内に流入することはない。よって、通気性防水シート3のキャピラリーバリア効果によって、この雨水が下方の粗粒土層2に浸透することはない。   If there is rainfall in the cover soil constructed as described above, the rainwater penetrates into the upper fine-grained soil layer 4 and is retained here. When the water retention capacity reaches the limit, it flows down to the surface of the breathable waterproof sheet 3 below, flows along the slope, and is drained from the side. Rainwater that has permeated the surface of the breathable waterproof sheet 3 does not flow into the opening 5a of the small hole 5 by the rising portion 6 when flowing on the sheet. Therefore, the rainwater does not penetrate into the lower coarse soil layer 2 due to the capillary barrier effect of the breathable waterproof sheet 3.

一方、小孔5内には鉛直方向の雨水のみが流入し、この浸透水のみが下方の粗粒土層2に浸透し、さらにその下方の廃棄物層1に浸透する。この場合、小孔5は千鳥状に配置されているから、水みちにより局所的に浸透しやすい領域や浸透しにくい領域が発生しても安定して水分を供給でき、また、前記のように浸透量を調整することで、降雨強度にかかわらず廃棄物層1への浸透量を一定に維持できるから(図3のグラフ参照)、年間を通じて一定量の水を供給できる。   On the other hand, only rainwater in the vertical direction flows into the small holes 5, and only this permeated water permeates the lower coarse soil layer 2 and further permeates the waste layer 1 below. In this case, since the small holes 5 are arranged in a zigzag pattern, moisture can be stably supplied even if an area that is easily penetrated by the water channel or an area that is difficult to penetrate is generated, as described above. By adjusting the amount of infiltration, the amount of infiltration into the waste layer 1 can be kept constant regardless of rainfall intensity (see the graph of FIG. 3), so that a constant amount of water can be supplied throughout the year.

そして、粗粒土層2と細粒土層4との間には、通気性防水シート3が介在するから、境界部が安定し、施工後も設定した勾配が維持され、細粒土層4から粗粒土層2への土粒子の移動が抑制されて、多少の地盤沈下が発生してもキャピラリーバリアがブレイクされることが阻止され、安定性の高い覆土構造となる。   And since the breathable waterproof sheet 3 is interposed between the coarse-grained soil layer 2 and the fine-grained soil layer 4, the boundary portion is stable, and the set gradient is maintained even after the construction. The movement of soil particles to the coarse-grained soil layer 2 is suppressed, and even if some land subsidence occurs, the capillary barrier is prevented from breaking, and a highly stable soil covering structure is obtained.

本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造の実施形態を示す縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view which shows embodiment of the covering structure in the waste final disposal site of this invention. 本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造の実施形態を示す要部である部分的通水機能を備えた通気性防水シートの平面図である。It is a top view of the air permeable waterproof sheet provided with the partial water flow function which is the principal part which shows the embodiment of the soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site of this invention. 本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造の実施形態を示す雨水の浸透率を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the penetration rate of rain water which shows embodiment of the covering structure in the waste final disposal site of this invention. 本発明の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造の他の実施形態を示す雨水の浸透率を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the penetration rate of rain water which shows other embodiment of the covering structure in the waste final disposal site of this invention. 従来の土質材料のみによる廃棄物最終処理覆土による雨水の透水率を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the water permeability of the rainwater by the waste final treatment covering soil only by the conventional soil material. 従来の通気性防水シートのみによる廃棄物最終処理覆土による雨水の透水率を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the water permeability of the rainwater by the waste final treatment covering soil only by the conventional breathable waterproof sheet.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 廃棄物層 2 粗粒土層
3 通気性防水シート 4 細粒土層
5 小孔 5a 開口
6 立ち上がり部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste layer 2 Coarse-grained soil layer 3 Breathable waterproof sheet 4 Fine-grained soil layer 5 Small hole 5a Opening 6 Standing part

Claims (6)

廃棄物最終処分場の埋立地に埋め立てた廃棄物の表面に覆土などの表層を形成するに際し、この表層を透水性を有する部分と、遮水性を有する部分とが混在するように形成する廃棄物最終処分場の覆土構造において、廃棄物層の上に勾配をもたせて形成する粗粒土層と、この粗粒土層の上に敷設されて、点在する複数の小孔により形成される通水部を設けた通気性防水シートと、この通気性防水シートの上に形成される細粒土層とで構成することを特徴とする廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造。   When forming a surface layer such as cover soil on the surface of the waste landfilled at the landfill site of the final waste disposal site, this surface layer is formed so that a portion having water permeability and a portion having water impermeability coexist In the soil covering structure of the final disposal site, a coarse-grained soil layer formed with a gradient on the waste layer, and a passage formed by a plurality of small holes laid on the coarse-grained soil layer and scattered. A soil covering structure in a waste final disposal site, comprising a breathable waterproof sheet provided with a water portion and a fine-grained soil layer formed on the breathable waterproof sheet. 前記粗粒土層および細粒土層は、現地発生土を使用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造。   2. The soil covering structure in a waste final disposal site according to claim 1, wherein the coarse-grained soil layer and the fine-grained soil layer use locally generated soil. 前記小孔は、降雨量の5〜15%の水が流入する面積に形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造。 2. The soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site according to claim 1, wherein the small hole is formed in an area into which 5 to 15% of the rainfall falls. 前記小孔は千鳥状に配置することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項3に記載の廃棄物最終処分場における最終覆土構造。   The final soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the small holes are arranged in a staggered pattern. 前記小孔は、開口縁に鉛直な立ち上げ部を形成することを特徴とした請求項1、請求項3または請求項4に記載の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造。   5. The soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site according to claim 1, wherein the small hole forms a vertical rising portion at an opening edge. 前記立ち上げ部の頂部を円弧状に形成したことを特徴とする請求項5記載の廃棄物最終処分場における覆土構造。   The soil covering structure in the waste final disposal site according to claim 5, wherein the top of the rising portion is formed in an arc shape.
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