JP4667644B2 - Superconducting cable - Google Patents

Superconducting cable Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4667644B2
JP4667644B2 JP2001159825A JP2001159825A JP4667644B2 JP 4667644 B2 JP4667644 B2 JP 4667644B2 JP 2001159825 A JP2001159825 A JP 2001159825A JP 2001159825 A JP2001159825 A JP 2001159825A JP 4667644 B2 JP4667644 B2 JP 4667644B2
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conductor
layer
heat insulating
outside
superconducting
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JP2002352645A (en
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三好一富
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THE FURUKAW ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
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THE FURUKAW ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水素ガスや液体水素を冷媒とした超電導ケーブルに関し、詳細には水素ガスや液体水素を冷媒として用いたMgB2超電導ケーブルに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
超電導を利用した技術について、液体水素を冷媒に用い、電力エネルギーを送りながら燃料としても輸送するための超電導線材には、従来酸化物系の超電導線が用いられていた。これら酸化物系の超電導線は、例えば、銀または銀合金のシースを持ったBi-2223(Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy)系超電導体を用いてテープ形状や丸線を撚り合わせたものである。図4としての表2に酸化物超電導線の特性の一例を示した。
【0003】
超電導ケーブルは、可撓性の管などを巻枠とし、その外周部に複数の超電導線を巻き付けて導体の層が形成されたものである。外周部には、クラフト紙などが巻き付けられて電気絶縁層が形成される。磁気遮蔽が必要な場合には、電気絶縁層の上に、さらに超電導線を巻き付けてシールド層とする。
【0004】
この絶縁、または絶縁及びシールドされた導体は、各々を冷却用の管に収容したり、また導体を3芯撚り合わせたものを冷却用の管に収納して冷却される。これらの冷却管の外側には真空断熱層を形成するための真空断熱管が設けられる。そして、冷媒としての液体水素が、巻枠の内部や冷却管の中を圧送されて、導体が冷却される。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
冷媒に用いられる水素は可燃性が強いので、電力を輸送する場合には周囲の酸素濃度に注意を払う必要がある。ところで、超電導材料に酸化物高温超電導線を用いた場合には、電力輸送時に短絡事故が起きた際、不測の事態も予想されるため実用化に難点があった。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、超電導線に、酸素元素を含まないMgB2超電導線を用いることによって、短絡事故などの場合でも水素を安全に輸送できるようにすることである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するために、本発明の第1の態様は、以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。
(a) MgB2を用いて作製された超電導線からなる導体と、
(b) 前記導体を収容し、前記導体の超電導状態を維持するために、液体水素または冷却水素ガスを導通する冷却管。
【0008】
本発明の第2の態様は、以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。
(a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて形成された導体と、
(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけられた電気絶縁層と、
(c) 前記電気絶縁層の外周に、必要に応じて巻線され、導体と逆位相のシールド電流が通電されるシールド用の超電導線と、
(d) 前記導体の複数本を撚り合わせて収容し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却管と、
(e) 前記冷却管の外側に、巻きつけられるように形成された断熱材の層と
(f) 前記断熱材の層の外側に、大気圧以下に保持できるように空間を備えて設けられた真空断熱管。
【0009】
本発明の第3の態様は、以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする超電導ケーブルである。
(a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて形成された導体と、
(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけられた保護層と、
(c) 前記保護層の巻かれた導体を収容し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却管と、
(d) 前記冷却管の外側に巻きつけられるように形成された断熱材の層と、
(e) 前記断熱材の層の外側に、大気圧以下に保持するための空間を設けて配設された真空断熱管と、
(f) 前記真空断熱管の外側に巻きつけられるように形成された電気絶縁層と、
(g) 前記電気絶縁層を保護するように、外側に巻きつけられるように形成されたシース層。
【0010】
【実施の形態】
(実施の形態の第1)
以下に本発明の実施の形態の第1について、図1に示した超電導ケーブルを用いて説明する。導体5は、外径21mmで厚さが1mmのステンレス鋼製のスパイラル管の外周に直径が2mmの銅線を32本撚り合わせた外径が25mmの巻芯2に、ピッチが約300mm、1層当たり18本の超電導線3を螺旋状に巻き付けた4層で形成されている。その上には電気絶縁層4が形成されている。ここで、超電導線3は、MgB2製であり、その特性は図3としての表1に示した。
【0011】
本例では電気絶縁層4は、クラフト紙(幅30mm、厚さ150μm)を40層巻き付けたが、クラフト紙以外にOPPLなどの半合成紙も用いることができる。また、電気絶縁層4の巻数はケーブルの耐電圧値によって変わることがある。さらに、交流電力を輸送する場合には、この電気絶縁層4の外周にシールドのために超電導線を巻線して導体層とぼぼ逆位相のシールド電流を通電できるようにすることもある(図示せず)。
【0012】
この導体5の2本をピッチ1000mmとして撚り合わせたものを、直径が95mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス鋼製コルゲート管からなる冷却管6に収容した。そして、冷却管6の外側に、幅500mm、厚さ0.1mmのポリエステルフィルムの片面にアルミニウムを50nm厚みに蒸着したシートを40層巻き付けて多層断熱材7を形成して、直径130mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス製のコルゲート管からなる真空断熱管8に収容した。真空断熱管8内は、ガスによる冷却管6への熱伝導を主に低減することを目的に大気圧以下、例えば1×10-3Pa程度の真空に保持される。
【0013】
本例では、直流電力用ケーブルとして導体2本を撚り合わせたものを使用したが、交流電力を輸送する場合には、3相分を通電するために導体5を3本撚り合わせることもある。
【0014】
この超電導ケーブル1の円筒状巻芯の内側、及び導体5と冷却管6との間の空間に液体水素を1kg/cm2のゲージ圧で流し、2本の導体5に直流電流4kAを往復で超電導状態で通電することができた。さらに、短絡試験を行ったところ、液体水素に引火することなく、安全であることが分かった。
【0015】
(実施の形態の第2)
以下に本発明の実施の形態の第2について、図2に示した超電導ケーブルを用いて説明する。導体層5は、外径21mmで厚さが1mmのステンレス鋼製のスパイラル管の外周に直径が2mmの銅線を32本撚り合わせた外径が25mmの巻芯2に、ピッチが約300mm、1層当たり18本の超電導線3を螺旋状に巻き付けた4層で形成されている。
ここで、超電導線3は、MgB2製であり、その特性は図3としての表1に示した。
【0016】
本例では、導体層5の外側に保護層9を形成している。この保護層は、幅が30mm、厚さが0.2mmの銅テープを2層巻きつけたものである。保護層9を設ける目的は、超電導線が冷却管の波付け部分に直接接触すると歪が加わって超電導性が低下するので、テープを巻きつけ直接触れないようにするためである。
【0017】
この導体5の1本を、直径が30mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス鋼製コルゲート管からなる冷却管6に収容した。そして、冷却管6の外側に、幅500mm、厚さ0.1mmのポリエステルフィルムの片面にアルミニウムを50nm蒸着したシートを30層巻き付けて多層断熱材7を形成して、直径50mm、厚さ2mmのステンレス鋼製のコルゲート管からなる真空断熱管8に収容した。真空断熱管8内は、ガスによる冷却管6への熱伝導を主に低減することを目的に大気圧以下、例えば1×10-3Pa程度に保持される。
【0018】
本例では、真空断熱管8の外側に電気絶縁層10が形成される。電気絶縁層10は、架橋ポリエチレン(厚さ11mm)を被覆した。本例では、電気絶縁層10を、冷媒と接することのない常温の部分に設けるので、絶縁材料としてCVケーブルと同じようにプラスチックを用いることが可能である。プラスチック以外に、クラフト紙、OPPLなどの半合成紙も用いることができる。また、電気絶縁層10の厚さはケーブルの耐電圧値によって変わることがある。
【0019】
電気絶縁層10の外側には、保護用ステンレス鋼製シース11を形成する。この保護用ステンレス鋼製シース11は、幅が30mm、厚さ0.2mmのステンレス鋼製のテープを2層巻きつけたもので、目的は絶縁層の保護である。
【0020】
この超電導ケーブル1の円筒状巻芯の内側、及び導体5と冷却管6との間の空間に液体水素を1kg/cm2のゲージ圧で流し、導体5に直流電流4kAを往復で超電導状態で通電することができた。さらに、短絡試験を行ったところ、液体水素に引火することなく、安全であることが分かった。
【発明の効果】
本発明により、電力を低損失で輸送し、かつ水素ガスおよび液体水素を安全に輸送できる超電導ケーブルを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態の超電導ケーブルを示す図である。
【図2】本発明の第2の実施の形態の超電導ケーブルを示す図である。
【図3】図3としての表1に示した本発明に係わるMgB2超電導線の特性である。
【図4】図4としての表2に示した酸化物超電導線の特性である。
【符号の説明】
1 超電導ケーブル
2 巻芯
3 超電導線
4 電気絶縁層
5 導体
6 冷却管
7 多層断熱材
8 真空断熱管
9 保護層
10 電気絶縁層
11 保護用ステンレス鋼製シース
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a superconducting cable using hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant, and more particularly to an MgB 2 superconducting cable using hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Regarding superconducting technology, oxide-based superconducting wires have been used as superconducting wires for transporting fuel as fuel while using liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant. These oxide-based superconducting wires are, for example, tapes and round wires twisted together using a Bi-2223 (Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y ) -based superconductor with a silver or silver alloy sheath. Is. Table 2 as FIG. 4 shows an example of the characteristics of the oxide superconducting wire.
[0003]
A superconducting cable has a flexible tube or the like as a winding frame, and a conductor layer is formed by winding a plurality of superconducting wires around the outer periphery thereof. Kraft paper or the like is wound around the outer peripheral portion to form an electrical insulating layer. When magnetic shielding is necessary, a superconducting wire is further wound on the electrical insulating layer to form a shield layer.
[0004]
The insulated or insulated and shielded conductors are each cooled by being accommodated in a cooling tube, or a conductor in which three conductors are twisted together is accommodated in a cooling tube. A vacuum heat insulating tube for forming a vacuum heat insulating layer is provided outside these cooling tubes. Then, liquid hydrogen as a refrigerant is pumped through the inside of the winding frame and the inside of the cooling pipe, and the conductor is cooled.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since hydrogen used as a refrigerant is highly flammable, it is necessary to pay attention to the surrounding oxygen concentration when transporting electric power. By the way, when an oxide high-temperature superconducting wire is used as the superconducting material, an unexpected situation is expected when a short-circuit accident occurs during power transportation, and thus there is a difficulty in practical use.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to make it possible to safely transport hydrogen even in the case of a short circuit accident by using an MgB 2 superconducting wire that does not contain an oxygen element as the superconducting wire.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is a superconducting cable including the following members.
(a) a conductor composed of a superconducting wire fabricated using MgB 2 ;
(b) A cooling pipe that conducts liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas in order to accommodate the conductor and maintain the superconducting state of the conductor.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a superconducting cable including the following members.
(a) a conductor formed by spirally winding the superconducting wire around a winding core;
(b) an electrically insulating layer wound around the outside of the conductor;
(c) A superconducting wire for shielding, which is wound around the outer periphery of the electrical insulating layer as necessary, and through which a shield current having a phase opposite to that of the conductor is passed,
(d) a plurality of the conductors are twisted and accommodated, and a cooling pipe through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is conducted,
(e) a layer of heat insulating material formed so as to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe;
(f) A vacuum heat insulating tube provided with a space outside the heat insulating material layer so as to be maintained at atmospheric pressure or lower.
[0009]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a superconducting cable including the following members.
(a) a conductor formed by spirally winding the superconducting wire around a winding core;
(b) a protective layer wound around the outside of the conductor;
(c) a cooling pipe that contains the conductor wound with the protective layer and through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is conducted;
(d) a layer of heat insulating material formed to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe;
(e) a vacuum heat insulating tube disposed outside the layer of the heat insulating material and provided with a space for maintaining the pressure below atmospheric pressure;
(f) an electrically insulating layer formed so as to be wound around the outside of the vacuum heat insulating tube;
(g) A sheath layer formed so as to be wound outward so as to protect the electrical insulating layer.
[0010]
Embodiment
(First of embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described using the superconducting cable shown in FIG. Conductor 5 has a winding core 2 with an outer diameter of 25 mm, twisted 32 copper wires with a diameter of 2 mm on the outer circumference of a stainless steel spiral tube with an outer diameter of 21 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, and a pitch of about 300 mm, 1 It is formed of 4 layers in which 18 superconducting wires 3 are wound spirally per layer. An electrical insulating layer 4 is formed thereon. Here, the superconducting wire 3 is made of MgB 2 and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 as FIG.
[0011]
In this example, 40 layers of kraft paper (width 30 mm, thickness 150 μm) are wound around the electrical insulating layer 4, but semi-synthetic paper such as OPPL can also be used in addition to kraft paper. Further, the number of turns of the electrical insulating layer 4 may vary depending on the withstand voltage value of the cable. Furthermore, when AC power is transported, a superconducting wire may be wound around the outer periphery of the electrical insulating layer 4 for shielding so that a shield current having a phase substantially opposite to that of the conductor layer can be applied (FIG. Not shown).
[0012]
Two conductors 5 twisted together with a pitch of 1000 mm were accommodated in a cooling pipe 6 made of a stainless steel corrugated pipe having a diameter of 95 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Then, on the outer side of the cooling pipe 6, a multilayer heat insulating material 7 is formed by winding 40 layers of a sheet of aluminum film deposited to a thickness of 50 nm on one side of a polyester film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm, and has a diameter of 130 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Were accommodated in a vacuum heat insulating tube 8 made of a stainless corrugated tube. The inside of the vacuum heat insulating tube 8 is maintained at a vacuum of less than atmospheric pressure, for example, about 1 × 10 −3 Pa for the purpose of mainly reducing heat conduction by the gas to the cooling tube 6.
[0013]
In this example, a DC power cable using two twisted conductors is used. However, when AC power is transported, three conductors 5 may be twisted to energize the three phases.
[0014]
Liquid hydrogen is allowed to flow at a gauge pressure of 1 kg / cm 2 inside the cylindrical winding core of the superconducting cable 1 and between the conductor 5 and the cooling pipe 6, and a direct current of 4 kA is reciprocated through the two conductors 5. Energization was possible in the superconducting state. Furthermore, when a short circuit test was conducted, it was found that it was safe without igniting liquid hydrogen.
[0015]
(Second of embodiment)
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below using the superconducting cable shown in FIG. Conductor layer 5 has an outer diameter of 21 mm and a stainless steel spiral tube made of stainless steel with a thickness of 1 mm. Each layer is formed of four layers in which 18 superconducting wires 3 are spirally wound.
Here, the superconducting wire 3 is made of MgB 2 and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 as FIG.
[0016]
In this example, the protective layer 9 is formed outside the conductor layer 5. This protective layer is obtained by winding two layers of copper tape having a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. The purpose of providing the protective layer 9 is to prevent the superconducting wire from being directly touched by wrapping the tape because the superconducting wire is directly contacted with the corrugated portion of the cooling pipe and distortion is applied and the superconducting property is lowered.
[0017]
One of the conductors 5 was accommodated in a cooling pipe 6 made of a stainless steel corrugated pipe having a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Then, on the outside of the cooling pipe 6, a multilayer heat insulating material 7 is formed by winding 30 layers of a 50-nm-thick polyester film having a width of 500 mm and aluminum deposited on one side to form a multilayer insulating material 7, and a stainless steel having a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 2 mm It was accommodated in a vacuum heat insulating tube 8 made of a steel corrugated tube. The inside of the vacuum heat insulating tube 8 is maintained at atmospheric pressure or less, for example, about 1 × 10 −3 Pa for the purpose of mainly reducing heat conduction to the cooling tube 6 by gas.
[0018]
In this example, the electrical insulating layer 10 is formed outside the vacuum heat insulating tube 8. The electrical insulating layer 10 was coated with cross-linked polyethylene (thickness 11 mm). In this example, since the electrical insulating layer 10 is provided in a portion at room temperature that does not come into contact with the refrigerant, it is possible to use plastic as the insulating material in the same manner as the CV cable. In addition to plastic, semi-synthetic paper such as kraft paper and OPPL can also be used. Further, the thickness of the electrical insulating layer 10 may vary depending on the withstand voltage value of the cable.
[0019]
A protective stainless steel sheath 11 is formed outside the electrical insulating layer 10. This protective stainless steel sheath 11 is formed by winding two layers of stainless steel tape having a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, and the purpose is to protect the insulating layer.
[0020]
Liquid hydrogen is allowed to flow at a gauge pressure of 1 kg / cm 2 inside the cylindrical winding core of the superconducting cable 1 and between the conductor 5 and the cooling pipe 6, and a direct current of 4 kA is reciprocated through the conductor 5 in a superconducting state. I was able to energize. Furthermore, when a short circuit test was conducted, it was found that it was safe without igniting liquid hydrogen.
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a superconducting cable that can transport electric power with low loss and can safely transport hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a superconducting cable according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a superconducting cable according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the characteristics of the MgB 2 superconducting wire according to the present invention shown in Table 1 as FIG.
4 is a characteristic of the oxide superconducting wire shown in Table 2 as FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Superconducting cable 2 Winding core 3 Superconducting wire 4 Electric insulation layer 5 Conductor 6 Cooling pipe 7 Multilayer heat insulating material 8 Vacuum heat insulation pipe 9 Protection layer 10 Electric insulation layer 11 Protective stainless steel sheath

Claims (3)

以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする超電導ケーブル。
(a) MgB2を用いて作製された超電導線からなる導体と、
(b) 前記導体を収容し、前記導体の超電導状態を維持するための液体水素または冷却水素ガスを導通する冷却管。
A superconducting cable comprising the following members.
(a) a conductor composed of a superconducting wire fabricated using MgB 2 ;
(b) A cooling pipe that houses the conductor and conducts liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas for maintaining the superconducting state of the conductor.
以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超電導ケーブル。
(a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて形成された導体と、
(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけられた電気絶縁層と、
(c) 前記電気絶縁層の外周に、必要に応じて巻線され、導体と逆位相のシールド電流が通電されるシールド用の超電導線と、
(d) 前記導体を収容し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却管と、
(e) 前記冷却管の外側に、巻きつけられるように形成された断熱材の層と、
(f) 前記断熱材の層の外側に、大気圧以下に保持できるように空間を備えて設けられた真空断熱管。
The superconducting cable according to claim 1, comprising the following members.
(a) a conductor formed by spirally winding the superconducting wire around a winding core;
(b) an electrically insulating layer wound around the outside of the conductor;
(c) A superconducting wire for shielding, which is wound around the outer periphery of the electrical insulating layer as necessary, and through which a shield current having a phase opposite to that of the conductor is passed,
(d) a cooling pipe that houses the conductor and through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is conducted;
(e) a layer of heat insulating material formed to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe;
(f) A vacuum heat insulating tube provided with a space outside the heat insulating material layer so as to be maintained at atmospheric pressure or lower.
以下の部材を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超電導ケーブル。
(a) 前記超電導線が、巻芯に螺旋状に巻き付けられて形成された導体と、
(b) 前記導体の外側に巻きつけられた保護層と、
(c) 前記保護層の巻かれた導体を収容し、前記液体水素または冷却水素ガスが導通される冷却管と、
(d) 前記冷却管の外側に巻きつけられるように形成された断熱材の層と、
(e) 前記断熱材の層の外側に、大気圧以下に保持するための空間を設けて配設された真空断熱管と、
(f) 前記真空断熱管の外側に巻きつけられるように形成された電気絶縁層と、
(g) 前記電気絶縁層を保護するように、外側に巻きつけられるように形成されたシース層。
2. The superconducting cable according to claim 1, further comprising:
(a) a conductor formed by spirally winding the superconducting wire around a winding core;
(b) a protective layer wound around the outside of the conductor;
(c) a cooling pipe that contains the conductor wound with the protective layer and through which the liquid hydrogen or cooling hydrogen gas is conducted;
(d) a layer of heat insulating material formed to be wound around the outside of the cooling pipe;
(e) a vacuum heat insulating tube disposed outside the layer of the heat insulating material and provided with a space for maintaining the pressure below atmospheric pressure;
(f) an electrically insulating layer formed so as to be wound around the outside of the vacuum heat insulating tube;
(g) A sheath layer formed so as to be wound outward so as to protect the electrical insulating layer.
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