JP4657568B2 - Method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji and high salt food - Google Patents

Method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji and high salt food Download PDF

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JP4657568B2
JP4657568B2 JP2002316315A JP2002316315A JP4657568B2 JP 4657568 B2 JP4657568 B2 JP 4657568B2 JP 2002316315 A JP2002316315 A JP 2002316315A JP 2002316315 A JP2002316315 A JP 2002316315A JP 4657568 B2 JP4657568 B2 JP 4657568B2
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Prior art keywords
koji
glutamic acid
gaba
mass
solution containing
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JP2004147560A (en
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恭二 菊地
静司 小池
広成 桐原
大司 風見
長雄 小倉
俊子 土屋
智美 橋爪
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KAZAMI CO., LTD.
Tochigi Prefecture
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KAZAMI CO., LTD.
Tochigi Prefecture
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹及び高塩分濃度食品の製造方法、特にγ−アミノ酪酸の含有量と作業工程の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA;γ-Amino butyric Acid)は、非タンパク性アミノ酸であり、グルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素の作用により、グルタミン酸が脱炭酸されることにより生成される。GABAは、哺乳類の中枢神経系における主要な抑制伝達物質であるだけでなく、血圧降下作用、精神安定作用、腎機能活性化作用、肝機能改善作用、肥満防止作用、アルコール代謝促進作用、脳卒中後遺症の改善作用、消臭効果等、多くの生理作用が認められている物質である。
【0003】
従来食品の中にはGABAを含む食材の存在も知られており、その例は次の如くである。
▲1▼ 精米した米粒を蒸した後、その表面に紅麹胞子を付着させ、約30℃で発芽させ、7日間程度培養させることにより、米内に存在する多少のグルタミン酸を利用し、菌体内にGABAが蓄積される。
▲2▼ 茶葉を室温で密閉した容器に封入し、窒素ガスを送り込むと、窒素ガスの刺激を受けて、茶葉内に存したグルタミン酸がGABAに変換される。
▲3▼ 胚芽米から胚芽を分離し、その胚芽を水に約20〜40℃で2〜12時間浸漬すると、発芽の予備段階として、米内のグルタミン酸がGABAに変換される。
【0004】
しかし、▲1▼〜▲3▼の例は、生体の代謝反応の関連で起こる反応であるから、該生体が要求する一定量以上にはGABAが生成されない性格を有するため、GABA富化食品と言うには、その含有量が少ないものであった。
【0005】
一方、味噌及び醤油等は麹菌を利用し、以下のようにして製造される。
味噌は、水浸・蒸煮した米、麦、又は大豆に麹菌を加え、麹を作り、蒸煮した大豆に該麹と食塩を混ぜ、醸造し製造される。
醤油は、水浸・蒸煮した脱脂大豆と焙炒・割砕した小麦に麹菌を加え醤油麹を作り、これに食塩水を加え醸造し、圧搾して製造される。
【0006】
上記製造においては、醸造過程で米、麦、又は大豆中のグルタミン酸が、麹菌に存在するグルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼ(GAD)により、GABAに変換される可能性が考えられる。しかし醸造過程では、微生物汚染を防ぐために、上述のように多量の食塩を加えるため、GADの働きが強く阻害され、食塩添加後はGABAへの変換反応は殆ど起こらないのが現実である。
【0007】
そこで、麹菌を利用してGABAを生成する技術としては、麹菌を培養してできた麹にグルタミン酸を含む溶液を添加することにより、グルタミン酸をGABAに変換させるという技術(特開平10−165191号)、及び大豆等のグルタミン酸を多く含有する食品素材に麹を作用させ、食品素材中のグルタミン酸をGABAに変換させるという技術(特許第3166077号)が開発されている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、両者とも製麹後、グルタミン酸又はグルタミン酸を多く含有する食品素材を添加し、GABAを富化させる方法であり、二段階の工程が必要なため、作業が煩雑になるという欠点があった。
本発明は、このような従来技術の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、γ−アミノ酪酸の含有量が多く、作業が簡単なγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹及び高塩分濃度食品の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、前記目的を達成するために鋭意研究を行った結果、麹原料を浸漬させる水を、グルタミン酸を含む溶液に変えることにより、製麹と同時に多量のGABAが生成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち本発明にかかる第一の主題は、下記(A)〜(B)工程を含むγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法である。
(A) 麹原料に、グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させ、加熱する工程。
(B) (A)工程後、麹菌を添加し、製麹する工程。
【0011】
前記製造方法において、グルタミン酸を含む溶液にピリドキサールリン酸を添加することが好適である。
前記製造方法において、グルタミン酸を含む溶液がグルタミン酸ナトリウム水溶液であることが好適である。
【0012】
前記製造方法において、グルタミン酸の濃度が、グルタミン酸を含む溶液中の0.1〜5.0質量%であることが好適である。
前記製造方法において、ピリドキサールリン酸の濃度が、グルタミン酸を含む溶液中の0.01〜0.5質量%であることが好適である。
前記製造方法において、麹原料が、米、麦、大豆から選択される1種又は2種以上であることが好適である。
【0013】
本発明にかかる第二の主題は、下記(A)〜(C)工程を含むγ−アミノ酪酸富化高塩分濃度食品の製造方法である。
(A) 麹原料に、グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させ、加熱する工程。
(B) (A)工程後、麹菌を添加し、製麹する工程。
(C) (B)工程後、塩分濃度5質量%以上とし、醸造する工程。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明にかかるGABA富化麹の製造方法は以下の通りである。
(A)工程
麹原料に、グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させ、加熱する。
【0015】
本発明において麹原料は、米(精白米、胚芽米、玄米等を含む)、糠、胚芽、ふすま、麦(大麦、小麦を含む)、大豆等のいずれであってもよい。本発明では特に米、麦、及び大豆を使用することが好ましい。
【0016】
上記原料に浸漬させるグルタミン酸を含む溶液とは、特に限定されないが、好ましくはグルタミン酸ナトリウム水溶液である。このようにグルタミン酸は塩の形態であってもよい。さらにグルタミン酸を含む溶液は、昆布エキス、酵母エキス、タンパク質加水分解物溶液等であってもよい。
【0017】
グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させることにより、次の(B)工程で添加する麹菌に存在するGADがグルタミン酸を脱炭酸し、GABAを生成することができる。
また、通常通り水に浸漬させた場合であっても、加熱前にグルタミン酸を含む溶液に短時間浸漬させる、あるいはグルタミン酸を含む溶液を噴霧することでも、同様の効果が期待できる。
【0018】
グルタミン酸を含む溶液中のグルタミン酸の含有量は0.1〜5.0質量%であることが好ましい。0.1質量%未満であると、本発明の効果が十分発揮されないことがある。また、5.0質量%を超えて含有させても、それ以上の効果は望めない。
【0019】
浸漬時間は原料によって異なるが、米の場合30分〜8時間程度が好ましい。
浸漬後加熱する。加熱方法は特に制限されないが、一般的には蒸煮される。蒸煮の場合、浸漬後水切りすることが好ましい。蒸煮時間は従来どおりであり特に制限されないが、1〜2時間程度が好ましい。
【0020】
さらに、グルタミン酸を含む溶液にピリドキサールリン酸を添加することが好ましい。ピリドキサールリン酸はGADの補酵素であるため、次の(B)工程で添加する麹菌に存在するGADの働きを促進し、より多くのGABAを生成することができる。
【0021】
グルタミン酸を含む溶液中のピリドキサールリン酸の含有量は0.01〜0.5質量%であることが好ましい。0.01質量%未満であると、補酵素の働きが十分発揮されないことがある。また、0.5質量%を超えて含有させても、それ以上の効果は望めない。
【0022】
また、ピリドキサールリン酸の代替として、ビタミンB6を多く含む米糠エキスを用いても、同様の効果が期待できる。なお、ビタミンB6とはピリドキサール、ピリドキシン、ピリドキサミンの3種類の化合物を含むものである。
【0023】
(B)工程
(A)工程後、麹菌を添加し、製麹する。
本発明で麹菌とは、Aspergillus(アスペルギルス)属、Penicillium(ペニシリウム)属、Mucor(ムコール)属、Rhizopus(リゾープス)属、Monascus(モナスカス)属、Absidia(アプシディア)属に属する微生物で、グルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼ(GAD)を持ち、食して害のない菌をいう。
【0024】
該麹菌は、接種する相手によって、米麹、麦麹、大豆麹等となる。該麹菌の持つ、グルタミン酸をGABAに変換する機能は、麹菌に存在するGADによるものであり、該GADは基質特異的に脱炭酸を含む下記反応を起こす。
COOH−CH−CH−CH(NH)−COOH(グルタミン酸)
→ COOH−CH−CH−NH(GABA) + CO
【0025】
上記加熱処理した麹原料を35℃程度まで冷まし、麹菌を添加し、均一に混ぜ製麹する。製麹中は、時々攪拌を行うなどして、基質としてのグルタミン酸と、酵素としてのGAD及び/又は補酵素としてのピリドキサールリン酸とが互いに移動自在で、接触機会を増し、酵素反応が活発に行われる状態を維持することが好ましい。また、麹菌は好気性菌であるから、圧搾空気を吹き込むなどして、常に新鮮な空気を補給する通風管理をすることが好ましい。
【0026】
製麹温度は、従来と同様であり特に制限されないが、温度20〜40℃、特に25〜35℃が好適である。20℃未満では麹菌の繁殖能力が低下することがあり、40℃を超えると麹菌が死滅することがある。
製麹時間は、従来と同様であり特に制限されないが、3時間〜3日であることが好ましい。
【0027】
本発明の製造方法では、製麹中にGABAを富化することができるため、作業が簡単であり、製造に掛かる時間も通常の製麹と変わりがない。
さらに本発明のGABA富化麹は、乾燥粉末化、又は液体化することにより、各種食品に用いることのできるGABA強化用の食添剤とすることができる。また、顆粒状にしたり、他の素材と組み合わせて飲料化することにより、GABAを手軽に摂取できる健康増進食品とすることができる。このような処理を行っても、生成したGABA量は減少しない。
【0028】
【実施例】
次に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明の技術範囲はこれら実施例により限定されるものではない。なお、配合量はすべて質量%である。
グルタミン酸ナトリウム濃度とGABA生成量との関係
初めに、グルタミン酸ナトリウム濃度とGABA生成量との関係を調べた。なお、グルタミン酸ナトリウム濃度は浸漬用水溶液中の濃度(質量%)、GABA生成量は麹100g中の生成量(mg)である。
【0029】
製麹
(A) 精白米1kgを下記表1の濃度のグルタミン酸ナトリウム水溶液、又は水1Lに一晩浸漬後、水切りして1時間蒸煮する。
(B) 35℃まで冷まし、種麹(ヒグチモヤシBF1号TM)0.3gを均一に散布し、もみ込む。これを温度35℃、湿度90%以上の条件で製麹する。途中手入れし、48時間で出麹とする。これを20℃まで冷ました。
【0030】
【表1】
試験例 1
グルタミン ナトリウム の濃度(質量%) 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0
GABA生成量( mg 161 226 391 496 533 518
【0031】
試験例1では精白米に含まれるグルタミン酸のみしか利用できず、GABA生成量が十分でない。しかし、グルタミン酸ナトリウムを添加することにより、濃度依存的にGABA生成量が増加することが確認された。特にグルタミン酸ナトリウム濃度2.0質量%においては、グルタミン酸ナトリウム無添加のものに比べて、3.3倍ものGABAが生成した。また濃度5.0質量%においての生成量は、濃度2.0質量%においての生成量に比べて増加していないことから、これ以上グルタミン酸ナトリウム濃度を高くしても、効果は上がらないことがわかった。
以上より、麹原料にグルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させることにより、GABA生成量が増加し、グルタミン酸の好ましい濃度は0.1〜5.0質量%であることが確認された。
【0032】
ピリドキサールリン酸濃度とGABA生成量との関係
次に、GADの補酵素であるピリドキサールリン酸濃度とGABA生成量との関係を調べた。なお、ピリドキサールリン酸濃度は米浸漬用水溶液中の濃度(質量%)、GABA生成量は麹100g中の生成量(mg)である。
ピリドキサールリン酸を1.0質量%グルタミン酸ナトリウム水溶液中、下記表2の濃度で添加し、上記(A)、(B)に準じて製麹した。
【0033】
【表2】
試験例 7 10 11 12
ピリドキサールリン 酸の濃度(質量%) 0 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5
GABA生成量( mg 496 551 843 868 883 893
【0034】
表2より、ピリドキサールリン酸を添加することにより、濃度依存的にGABAの生成量が増加することが確認された。特にピリドキサールリン酸濃度0.5質量%においては、ピリドキサールリン酸無添加のものに比べて、1.8倍ものGABAが生成した。また濃度0.5質量%までは生成量の増加が確認されたものの、これ以上濃度を高くしても、効果は大きく上がらないことがわかった。
以上より、ピリドキサールリン酸を添加することにより、GADの働きが促進され、さらにGABA生成量が増加し、ピリドキサールリン酸の好ましい添加量は0.01〜0.5質量%であることが確認された。
【0035】
実施例1 味噌
水煮した大豆1kgに、試験例1又は4の麹500gと、種水130mL、食塩220gをよく混合し、常温で1ヶ月醗酵させ、2種類の味噌を醸造した。
試験例1の米麹を使用した味噌▲1▼は、100g当たりのGABA含有量が48mgであったのに対し、試験例4の米麹を使用した味噌▲4▼は、100g当たりのGABA含有量が152mgであった。
【0036】
論文によると、米紅麹由来のGABAを1日10mg、又はパン酵母由来のGABAを1日20mg長期摂取すると、血圧安定効果があるとの報告がある。味噌汁一杯当たりに使用する味噌量は約10gであることを考慮すると、味噌▲1▼を使用した場合、味噌汁一杯当たり4.8mgしかGABAを摂取できないのに対し、味噌▲4▼を使用した場合、味噌汁一杯当たり15mg摂取することができる。
つまり、味噌▲4▼であれば、一日に味噌汁を1杯飲むだけで、血圧安定効果が得られる。
【0037】
このように麹の段階でGABAを生成できれば、様々な用途に適用することができる。また、生成されたGABAは高塩分濃度条件等で使用しても、減少しない。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、麹原料を浸漬させる水を、グルタミン酸を含む溶液に変えることにより、γ−アミノ酪酸の含有量が多く、作業が簡単なγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹及び高塩分濃度食品の製造方法を得ることができる。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji and high-salt-concentrated foods, and more particularly to improvements in the content of γ-aminobutyric acid and working processes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid, and is produced by decarboxylation of glutamic acid by the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase. GABA is not only a major inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system of mammals, but also blood pressure lowering action, tranquilization action, renal function activation action, liver function improvement action, obesity prevention action, alcohol metabolism promotion action, stroke sequelae It is a substance that has many physiological effects such as improving effects and deodorizing effects.
[0003]
The existence of foodstuffs containing GABA is also known among conventional foods, and examples thereof are as follows.
(1) After steaming the polished rice grains, the red spore is attached to the surface, germinated at about 30 ° C., and cultured for about 7 days. By using some glutamic acid present in the rice, GABA is accumulated.
(2) When tea leaves are sealed in a sealed container at room temperature and nitrogen gas is fed, glutamic acid present in the tea leaves is converted into GABA under the stimulation of nitrogen gas.
(3) When germs are separated from germinated rice and the germs are immersed in water at about 20 to 40 ° C. for 2 to 12 hours, glutamic acid in the rice is converted to GABA as a preliminary stage of germination.
[0004]
However, since the examples (1) to (3) are reactions that occur in relation to the metabolic reaction of the living body, GABA is not produced in a certain amount or more required by the living body. In other words, its content was low.
[0005]
On the other hand, miso and soy sauce are produced as follows using koji mold.
Miso is produced by adding koji fungus to soaked and cooked rice, wheat, or soybeans to make koji, and then mixing the koji and salt with the boiled soybeans.
Soy sauce is manufactured by adding koji mold to soaked and steamed defatted soybeans and roasted and cracked wheat to make soy sauce koji, brewing and adding salt solution to it.
[0006]
In the above production, there is a possibility that glutamic acid in rice, wheat, or soybean is converted into GABA by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) present in koji molds during the brewing process. However, in the brewing process, in order to prevent microbial contamination, a large amount of sodium chloride is added as described above, so that the function of GAD is strongly inhibited, and the conversion reaction to GABA hardly occurs after the addition of sodium chloride.
[0007]
Therefore, as a technique for producing GABA using koji mold, a technique of converting glutamic acid into GABA by adding a solution containing glutamic acid to koji obtained by culturing koji mold (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-165191). In addition, a technique (Patent No. 3166077) has been developed in which koji is applied to a food material containing a large amount of glutamic acid such as soybeans to convert glutamic acid in the food material into GABA.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, both methods involve adding glutamic acid or a food material containing a large amount of glutamic acid after the koji making and enriching GABA, and there is a disadvantage that the operation becomes complicated because two-step processes are required.
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art as described above. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji and a high salinity food with a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid and easy work. It is to provide a manufacturing method.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that a large amount of GABA can be produced simultaneously with the koji making by changing the water in which the koji raw material is immersed into a solution containing glutamic acid, The present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, the first subject according to the present invention is a method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji including the following steps (A) to (B).
(A) A step of immersing a solution containing glutamic acid in a koji material and heating.
(B) (A) The process of making a koji after adding a koji mold after a process.
[0011]
In the production method, it is preferable to add pyridoxal phosphoric acid to a solution containing glutamic acid.
In the production method, it is preferable that the solution containing glutamic acid is a sodium glutamate aqueous solution.
[0012]
In the said manufacturing method, it is suitable that the density | concentration of glutamic acid is 0.1-5.0 mass% in the solution containing glutamic acid.
In the said manufacturing method, it is suitable that the density | concentration of pyridoxal phosphoric acid is 0.01-0.5 mass% in the solution containing glutamic acid.
In the said manufacturing method, it is suitable that the straw raw material is 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from rice, wheat, and soybean.
[0013]
The second subject according to the present invention is a method for producing a γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched high-salt food containing the following steps (A) to (C).
(A) A step of immersing a solution containing glutamic acid in a koji material and heating.
(B) (A) The process of making a koji after adding a koji mold after a process.
(C) (B) After the step, the step of brewing with a salt concentration of 5% by mass or more.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The method for producing a GABA-enriched koji according to the present invention is as follows.
(A) A solution containing glutamic acid is immersed in the raw material for the process soot and heated.
[0015]
In the present invention, the rice bran raw material may be any of rice (including polished rice, germinated rice, brown rice, etc.), rice bran, germ, bran, wheat (including barley and wheat), soybeans and the like. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use rice, wheat and soybeans.
[0016]
The solution containing glutamic acid soaked in the raw material is not particularly limited, but is preferably a sodium glutamate aqueous solution. Thus, glutamic acid may be in the form of a salt. Furthermore, the solution containing glutamic acid may be a kelp extract, a yeast extract, a protein hydrolyzate solution, or the like.
[0017]
By immersing the solution containing glutamic acid, GAD present in the koji mold added in the next step (B) can decarboxylate glutamic acid to produce GABA.
Further, even when immersed in water as usual, the same effect can be expected by immersing in a solution containing glutamic acid for a short time before spraying or by spraying a solution containing glutamic acid.
[0018]
The content of glutamic acid in the solution containing glutamic acid is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited. Moreover, even if it contains exceeding 5.0 mass%, the effect beyond it cannot be expected.
[0019]
Although the immersion time varies depending on the raw material, it is preferably about 30 minutes to 8 hours in the case of rice.
Heat after immersion. The heating method is not particularly limited, but is generally steamed. In the case of steaming, it is preferable to drain after immersion. The cooking time is as usual and is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 to 2 hours.
[0020]
Furthermore, it is preferable to add pyridoxal phosphoric acid to a solution containing glutamic acid. Since pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme for GAD, it can promote the action of GAD present in koji mold added in the next step (B), and can produce more GABA.
[0021]
The content of pyridoxal phosphate in the solution containing glutamic acid is preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. If it is less than 0.01% by mass, the function of the coenzyme may not be sufficiently exhibited. Moreover, even if it contains exceeding 0.5 mass%, the effect beyond it cannot be expected.
[0022]
Moreover, the same effect can be expected by using rice bran extract containing a large amount of vitamin B6 as an alternative to pyridoxal phosphate. Vitamin B6 includes three types of compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine.
[0023]
(B) Step (A) After step (A), koji molds are added to make a koji.
In the present invention, the koji mold is a microorganism belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Monascus, Absidia, and carboxy glutamate. This refers to bacteria that have (GAD) and are harmless to eat.
[0024]
The koji mold becomes rice koji, wheat koji, soybean koji, etc., depending on the inoculation partner. The function of the koji mold to convert glutamic acid into GABA is due to GAD present in the koji mold, and the GAD causes the following reaction including decarboxylation in a substrate-specific manner.
COOH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH ( NH 2) -COOH ( glutamic acid)
→ COOH—CH 2 —CH 2 —NH 2 (GABA) + CO 2
[0025]
The heat-treated koji raw material is cooled to about 35 ° C., koji molds are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed for koji making. During koji making, sometimes stirring is performed, so that glutamic acid as a substrate and GAD as an enzyme and / or pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme can move to each other, increasing the chance of contact and active enzymatic reaction. It is preferable to maintain the state performed. Further, since the koji mold is an aerobic bacterium, it is preferable to perform ventilation management to always supply fresh air by blowing compressed air or the like.
[0026]
The iron making temperature is the same as in the prior art and is not particularly limited, but a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C, particularly 25 to 35 ° C is suitable. If the temperature is lower than 20 ° C, the propagation ability of the koji mold may be reduced, and if it exceeds 40 ° C, the koji mold may be killed.
The iron making time is the same as the conventional one and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 hours to 3 days.
[0027]
In the production method of the present invention, since GABA can be enriched during ironmaking, the operation is simple and the time required for production is no different from that of ordinary ironmaking.
Furthermore, the GABA-enriched rice cake of the present invention can be used as an additive for GABA strengthening that can be used for various foods by making it into dry powder or liquid. Moreover, it can be set as the health promotion food which can take GABA easily by granulating or combining with another raw material and making it a drink. Even if such processing is performed, the amount of generated GABA does not decrease.
[0028]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, the technical scope of this invention is not limited by these Examples. In addition, all compounding quantities are the mass%.
Relationship between sodium glutamate concentration and GABA production amount First , the relationship between sodium glutamate concentration and GABA production amount was examined. In addition, the sodium glutamate concentration is the concentration (mass%) in the aqueous solution for immersion, and the GABA production amount is the production amount (mg) in 100 g of soot.
[0029]
Smelting (A) 1 kg of polished rice is immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium glutamate having a concentration shown in Table 1 below or 1 L of water overnight, drained and cooked for 1 hour.
(B) Cool to 35 ° C., uniformly spray 0.3 g of seed pod (Higuchimo palm BF1 ) and rub it in. This is ironed under conditions of a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 90% or more. Care is taken along the way, and it will be found in 48 hours. This was cooled to 20 ° C.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Test example 1 2 3 4 5 6
Concentration of sodium glutamate (wt%) 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0
GABA production ( mg ) 161 226 391 496 533 518
[0031]
In Test Example 1, only glutamic acid contained in polished rice can be used, and the amount of GABA produced is not sufficient. However, it was confirmed that the amount of GABA produced increased in a concentration-dependent manner by adding sodium glutamate. In particular, at a sodium glutamate concentration of 2.0% by mass, 3.3 times as much GABA was produced as compared to the one without sodium glutamate. In addition, since the production amount at the concentration of 5.0% by mass does not increase compared to the production amount at the concentration of 2.0% by mass, the effect may not be improved even if the sodium glutamate concentration is further increased. all right.
From the above, it was confirmed that the amount of GABA produced was increased by immersing the solution containing glutamic acid in the koji raw material, and the preferable concentration of glutamic acid was 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
[0032]
Relationship between pyridoxal phosphate concentration and GABA production amount Next, the relationship between pyridoxal phosphate concentration, which is a coenzyme of GAD, and GABA production amount was examined. The pyridoxal phosphate concentration is the concentration (mass%) in the aqueous solution for dipping rice, and the GABA production amount is the production amount (mg) in 100 g of straw.
Pyridoxal phosphoric acid was added in a 1.0 mass% sodium glutamate aqueous solution at the concentration shown in Table 2 below, and the mixture was prepared according to the above (A) and (B).
[0033]
[Table 2]
Test example 7 8 9 10 11 12
Pyridoxal phosphate concentration (mass%) 0 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5
GABA production ( mg ) 496 551 843 868 883 893
[0034]
From Table 2, it was confirmed that the amount of GABA produced increased in a concentration-dependent manner by adding pyridoxal phosphate. In particular, at a pyridoxal phosphate concentration of 0.5% by mass, 1.8 times as much GABA was produced as compared to the one without pyridoxal phosphate. Further, although it was confirmed that the amount of production was increased up to a concentration of 0.5% by mass, it was found that even if the concentration was further increased, the effect was not greatly increased.
From the above, it was confirmed that the addition of pyridoxal phosphate promotes the function of GAD, further increases the amount of GABA produced, and the preferred amount of pyridoxal phosphate is 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. It was.
[0035]
Example 1 Miso 1 kg of boiled soybeans was mixed well with 500 g of the koji of Test Example 1 or 4, 130 mL of seed water and 220 g of salt, and fermented at room temperature for 1 month to brew two types of miso. .
The miso (1) using the rice koji of Test Example 1 had a GABA content of 48 mg per 100 g, whereas the miso (4) using the rice koji of Test Example 4 had a GABA content of 100 g. The amount was 152 mg.
[0036]
According to the paper, there is a report that a blood pressure stabilizing effect is obtained when GABA derived from rice red yeast rice 10 mg per day or GABA derived from baker's yeast is ingested 20 mg per day for a long time. Considering that the amount of miso used per miso soup is about 10g, when using miso soup ▲ 1 ▼, only 4.8mg of miso soup can be consumed, whereas when using miso soup ▲ 4 ▼ , 15mg per miso soup can be ingested.
That is, if it is miso (4), the blood pressure stabilizing effect can be obtained by drinking only one cup of miso soup per day.
[0037]
Thus, if GABA can be generated at the stage of wrinkles, it can be applied to various purposes. Further, the produced GABA does not decrease even when used under high salt concentration conditions.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by changing the water in which the koji raw material is soaked into a solution containing glutamic acid, the γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji has a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid and is easy to work. And the manufacturing method of a high salt concentration foodstuff can be obtained.

Claims (6)

下記(A)〜(B)工程を含むγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法。
(A) 麹原料に、0.1〜5.0質量%グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させ、加熱する工程。
(B) (A)工程後、麹菌を添加し、製麹する工程。
The manufacturing method of the (gamma) -aminobutyric acid enriched koji containing the following (A)-(B) process.
(A) A step of immersing and heating a solution containing 0.1 to 5.0% by mass of glutamic acid in a koji raw material.
(B) (A) The process of making a koji after adding a koji mold after a process.
請求項1に記載の製造方法において、グルタミン酸を含む溶液にピリドキサールリン酸を添加することを特徴とするγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法。  The method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji characterized by adding pyridoxal phosphoric acid to a solution containing glutamic acid according to claim 1. 請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法において、グルタミン酸を含む溶液が、グルタミン酸ナトリウム水溶液であることを特徴とするγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法。  3. The method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched koji, wherein the solution containing glutamic acid is an aqueous solution of sodium glutamate according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項2〜のいずれかに記載の製造方法において、ピリドキサールリン酸の濃度が、グルタミン酸を含む溶液中の0.01〜0.5質量%であることを特徴とするγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法。The production method according to any one of claims 2 to 3 , wherein the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate is 0.01 to 0.5% by mass in a solution containing glutamic acid. A method for producing firewood 請求項1〜に記載の製造方法において、麹原料が、米、麦、大豆から選択される1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とするγ−アミノ酪酸富化麹の製造方法。The manufacturing method of claim 1-4, koji raw material, rice, wheat, the production method of γ- aminobutyric acid enriched koji, characterized in that at least one selected from soybean. 下記(A)〜(C)工程を含むγ−アミノ酪酸富化高塩分濃度食品の製造方法。
(A) 麹原料に、0.1〜5.0質量%グルタミン酸を含む溶液を浸漬させ、加熱する工程。
(B) (A)工程後、麹菌を添加し、製麹する工程。
(C) (B)工程後、塩分濃度5質量%以上とし、醸造する工程。
The manufacturing method of the (gamma) -aminobutyric acid-rich high salt concentration foodstuff containing the following (A)-(C) process.
(A) A step of immersing and heating a solution containing 0.1 to 5.0% by mass of glutamic acid in a koji raw material.
(B) (A) The process of making a koji after adding a koji mold after a process.
(C) (B) After the step, the step of brewing with a salt concentration of 5% by mass or more.
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US7727524B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2010-06-01 Kao Corporation Low sodium liquid seasoning with anti-hypertensive activity
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JPH11103825A (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-04-20 Tochigi Pref Gov Production of food rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid using aspergillus oryzae
JP2000279108A (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-10 M & M:Kk Rice enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid and its processed food
JP2001054390A (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-02-27 Kikumasamune Shuzo Kk Glutamate decarboxylase gene, vector, transformant obtained by using the same and its utilization

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10165191A (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-23 Kikumasamune Shuzo Kk Production of gamma-aminobutyric acid by aspergillus oryzae
JPH11103825A (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-04-20 Tochigi Pref Gov Production of food rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid using aspergillus oryzae
JP2000279108A (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-10 M & M:Kk Rice enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid and its processed food
JP2001054390A (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-02-27 Kikumasamune Shuzo Kk Glutamate decarboxylase gene, vector, transformant obtained by using the same and its utilization

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