JP4656266B2 - Black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP4656266B2
JP4656266B2 JP2000114295A JP2000114295A JP4656266B2 JP 4656266 B2 JP4656266 B2 JP 4656266B2 JP 2000114295 A JP2000114295 A JP 2000114295A JP 2000114295 A JP2000114295 A JP 2000114295A JP 4656266 B2 JP4656266 B2 JP 4656266B2
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iron oxide
magnetic iron
black magnetic
black
particle powder
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JP2001002426A (en
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浩光 三澤
功荘 青木
末彦 三浦
実 好澤
直樹 内田
伸哉 志茂
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Toda Kogyo Corp
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Toda Kogyo Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、十分な黒色度を有し、分散性と電気的特性が優れた磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末及びその製造法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、静電潜像現像法の一つとして、キャリアを使用せずに樹脂中にマグネタイト粒子粉末等の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を混合分散させた複合体粒子を現像剤として用いる所謂一成分系磁性トナーによる現像法が広く知られ、汎用されている。
【0003】
近時、レーザービームプリンターやデジタル複写機の高速化や高画質化に伴って、現像剤である磁性トナーの特性向上が強く要求されており、その為には、磁性トナーの帯電性能の向上が強く要求される。
【0004】
磁性トナーの帯電性能は黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の電気的特性と密接な関係を有していることから、優れた電気的特性を有する黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が強く求められている。
【0005】
そこで、磁性トナーの帯電性能向上のために黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末についても更に特性改善が求められている。
【0006】
即ち、帯電性能に優れた磁性トナーを得るためには、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が十分な黒色度を有し、分散性がより向上しており、電気的特性がより優れていることが要求されている。
【0007】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の黒色度は、「粉体及び粉末冶金」第26巻7号239〜240頁の「試料の黒色度合はFe(II)含有量および平均粒径によって左右され、平均粒径0.2μmの粉末は青味を帯びた黒色粉末であり、黒色顔料として最も好適である。……Fe(II)含有量が10%以上では黒色度合に若干の差異が認められるが、試料はいずれも黒色である。Fe(II)含有量が10%以下に減少すると各試料は黒色から赤茶色に変化する。」なる記載の通り、磁性トナー用に用いられる0.1〜0.5μm程度の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の場合には、主にFe2+(FeO)含有量によって左右されることが知られている。そこで、FeO含有量が多く黒色度が高い黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が要求されている。
【0008】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性は、該粒子粉末の表面状態に大きく依存することから、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の粒子表面をケイ素化合物又はアルミニウム化合物などで被覆することによって、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の粒子表面を改善し分散性の向上が試みられている。また、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は微粒子であるため磁気的凝集を起こしやすく、樹脂との混合性を低下させるため、それを抑制することが要求されている。
【0009】
磁性トナーの帯電性能は、磁性トナー表面に露出している黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の表面状態に大きく依存する。特に、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子中のFeOは磁性トナーとしての電気抵抗を低下させるため、その含有量及び粒子中での存在分布は磁性トナーの帯電性能を大きく左右するものである。この事実は、特開平4−338971号公報に「磁性酸化鉄中のFeO含有量よりも、磁性酸化鉄の表面層におけるFe(II)の分布状態が、トナーの様々な環境下における摩擦耐電量の安定に寄与する…」と記載されている通りである。
【0010】
前記の通り、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性及び電気的特性向上のためには黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面層のFeO含有量及び存在状態を最適化することが必要とされる。
【0011】
従来、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末中のFeO含有量を特定することによって、分散性及び電気的特性を改善する試みがなされている(特開昭58−189646号公報、特開平3−201509号公報、特開平4−338971号公報、特開平4−141664号公報、特開平11−30877号公報等)。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
十分な黒色度を有し、分散性と電気的特性が優れた磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は現在最も要求されているところであるが、前記諸特性を満たす黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は未だ得られていない。
【0013】
即ち、前出公開公報に記載の方法は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末全体のFeO含有量を特定したもの(特開昭58−189646号公報、特開平3−201509号公報、特開平11−30877号公報)及び表面から中心に向かってFeO含有量が増加するように特定したもの(特開平4−338971号公報、特開平4−141664号公報)であるが、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面層のFeO含有量が多く、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の電気的特性が十分とは言い難いものである。
【0014】
また、前出各公開公報に記載の方法は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を製造する工程の乾燥工程において、乾燥雰囲気、乾燥温度を制御して乾式処理によってFeO含有量を特定範囲内に調整しているが、表面層のみのFeO含有量が少ない黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得ることは困難である。
【0015】
そこで、本発明は、磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性および電気的特性を改良することを技術的課題とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
前記技術的課題は、次の通りの本発明によって達成できる。
【0017】
即ち、本発明は、芯粒子である黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子の粒子表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層が形成されており、且つ、該表面層の表面から粒子半径に対して3.5%に相当する厚さの表面近傍層におけるFeO含有量が、該表面近傍層に含有されるFe量に対して8〜14重量%である黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子からなり、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子全体の平均FeO含有量は18.0〜22.5重量%であり、平均粒子径が0.1〜0.3μmであることを特徴とする磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末である(本発明1)。
【0018】
また、本発明は、本発明1の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の粒子表面が、アルミニウムの水酸化物、アルミニウムの酸化物、ケイ素の水酸化物及びケイ素の酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一種からなる表面被覆物によって被覆されていることを特徴とする磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末である(本発明2)。
【0019】
また、本発明は、第一鉄塩水溶液と該第一鉄塩水溶液中のFe2+に対し当量未満のアルカリ性水溶液とを反応して得られた水酸化第一鉄塩コロイドを含む第一鉄塩反応水溶液に酸素含有ガスを通気して黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子を芯粒子として生成させたpH4.0〜5.0の反応溶液に、引き続き、酸素含有ガスを通気して該芯粒子の表面酸化を行い、次いで、当該芯粒子の表面酸化終了後の反応溶液に水酸化アルカリ水溶液を添加して反応溶液のpH値を7.0〜8.0に調整した後、酸素含有ガスを通気して当該芯粒子の表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子を生成させて微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層を形成し、引き続き、該反応溶液に酸素含有ガスを通気して該微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化を行うことを特徴とする上記の磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の製造法である。
【0020】
次に、本発明の構成をより詳しく説明すれば次の通りである。
【0021】
まず、本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末について述べる。
【0022】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、芯粒子である黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子の粒子表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層が形成され、且つ、該表面層の表面から粒子半径に対して3.5%に相当する厚さの表面近傍層におけるFeO含有量が該表面近傍層に含有されるFe量に対して8〜14重量%である黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子からなる。
【0023】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面近傍層とは、芯粒子である黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子の表面酸化された部分及び芯粒子の粒子表面に形成されている酸化された微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層とからなる。該表面近傍層は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の表面から粒子半径に対して3.5%に相当する厚さである。
【0024】
表面近傍層の厚さが上記範囲より薄い場合には、電気的特性が低下するため好ましくない。上記範囲を超える厚さの場合には、磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末として十分な黒色度及び磁気特性が得られない。
【0025】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面近傍層は、例えば、黒色磁性酸化鉄鉄粒子の粒子径が0.2μmの場合には、表面から約35Åまでの部分である。
【0026】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面近傍層のFeO含有量は表面近傍層に含有されるFe量に対して8〜14重量%である。8重量%未満の場合には、十分な黒色度を有する黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が得られない。14重量%を超える場合には、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の電気的特性が低下し磁性トナーの帯電性能が低下する。好ましくは9〜13重量%である。
【0027】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の表面近傍層を除く中心部分のFeO含有量は、27〜34重量%が好ましい。より好ましくは、28〜33重量%である。
【0028】
なお、本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の粒子全体の平均FeO含有量は18.0〜22.5重量%が好ましい。
【0029】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は平均粒子径が0.1〜0.3μmである。0.1μm未満の場合には黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子相互間の凝集力が大きく分散が困難となる。0.3μmを超える場合には、一個の磁性トナー粒子中に含まれる黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の個数が少なくなり、各磁性トナー粒子について黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の分布に偏りが生じ易く、その結果、磁性トナーの帯電性能の均一性が損なわれる。好ましくは、0.15〜0.25μmである。
【0030】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、マグネタイト粒子((FeO)・Fe、0<x≦1)からなり、必要により、鉄以外の金属元素Mn、Ni、Zn、Cu、Mg、Co、Tiから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の金属元素を含有してもよい。
【0031】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は軸比(平均最長径/平均最短径)が1.4未満が好ましい。軸比が1.4以上の場合には、保磁力が大きくなり、磁気的凝集力が強くなるため好ましくない。より好ましくは1.3以下である。
【0032】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末のBET比表面積値は5〜15m/gが好ましい。より好ましくは6.0〜12.0m/gである。
【0033】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、飽和磁化値が81.0〜86.0Am/kg(81.0〜86.0emu/g)が好ましい。より好ましくは、82.0〜85.0Am/kg(82.0〜85.0emu/g)である。
【0034】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の可溶性ナトリウム塩の含有量は100ppm以下が好ましい。より好ましくは50ppm以下である。
【0035】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、黒色度aが+1.0以下が好ましい。より好ましくは+0.8以下である。
【0036】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散度は、44μmメッシュ残が10%以下が好ましい。より好ましくは6%以下である。
【0037】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電量が飽和する時間は、20分以下が好ましい。より好ましくは15分以下である。
【0038】
また、本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は必要により粒子表面をアルミニウムの水酸化物、アルミニウムの酸化物、ケイ素の水酸化物及びケイ素の酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一種からなる表面被覆物(以下、「表面被覆物という」)によって被覆しておくことが好ましい。表面被覆物で被覆することにより、樹脂とのなじみがよくなり、より分散性が向上する。
【0039】
アルミニウムの水酸化物又はアルミニウムの酸化物による被覆量は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末に対してAl元素として0.01〜0.5重量%が好ましい。0.01重量%未満の場合には、表面被覆効果が得られない。0.5重量%を超える場合には、アルミニウム化合物で被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の吸湿性が高くなるため、電気的特性が低下する。好ましくは0.05〜0.3重量%である。
【0040】
ケイ素の水酸化物又はケイ素の酸化物による被覆量は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末に対してSiO換算で0.01〜0.5重量%が好ましい。0.01重量%未満の場合には、表面被覆効果が得られない。0.5重量%を超える場合には、ケイ素化合物で被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の吸湿性が高くなるため、電気的特性が低下する。好ましくは0.05〜0.3重量%である。
【0041】
表面被覆物で被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、被覆されていない本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末とほぼ同程度の粒子サイズ、軸比、FeO含有量、可溶性ナトリウム含有量及び黒色度を有している。
【0042】
次に本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の製造法について述べる。
【0043】
第一鉄塩水溶液と該第一鉄塩水溶液中のFe2+に対し当量未満のアルカリ性水溶液とを反応して得られた水酸化第一鉄塩コロイドを含む第一鉄塩反応水溶液を70〜100℃の温度範囲に加熱しながら酸素含有ガスを通気して黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる芯粒子を生成させたpH4.0〜5.0の反応溶液に、引き続き、酸素含有ガスを通気して該芯粒子の表面酸化を行い、次いで、当該芯粒子の表面酸化終了後の反応溶液に水酸化アルカリ水溶液を添加してpH値を7.0〜8.0に調整した後、該反応溶液を70〜100℃の温度範囲に加熱しながら酸素含有ガスを通気して当該芯粒子の粒子表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子を生成させて微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層を形成し、引き続き、該反応溶液に酸素含有ガスを通気して該微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化を行うことにより平均粒子径0.1〜0.3μmの黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得る。
【0044】
本発明における第一鉄塩水溶液としては、硫酸第一鉄水溶液、塩化第一鉄水溶液等を使用することができる。
【0045】
本発明における水酸化アルカリ水溶液としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物の水溶液、また、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸アンモニウム等の炭酸アルカリ水溶液及びアンモニア水等を使用することができる。
【0046】
芯粒子の生成反応において使用する水酸化アルカリ水溶液の量は、第一鉄塩水溶液中のFe2+に対して0.90〜0.99当量である。0.90当量未満の場合には、後に生成する微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層が厚くなるため、十分な黒色度を有する黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が得られない。0.99当量を越える場合には、上記表面層が薄くなり、電気的特性に優れた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が得られない。好ましくは0.90〜0.97当量の範囲である。
【0047】
芯粒子の生成反応における反応温度範囲は70〜100℃である。70℃未満である場合には、針状ゲータイト粒子が混在してくる。100℃を越える場合も黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子は生成するが、オートクレーブ等の装置を必要とするため工業的に容易ではない。
【0048】
酸化手段は酸素含有ガス(例えば、空気)を液中に通気することにより行う。
【0049】
なお、芯粒子の生成反応が終了した反応溶液のpH値は4.0〜5.0である。芯粒子の表面酸化は、70〜100℃の温度範囲にて行う。
【0050】
前記芯粒子の表面酸化反応の後、芯粒子を含む反応溶液に水酸化アルカリ水溶液を添加して反応溶液のpH値を7.0〜8.0、より好ましくはpH7.5〜8.0の範囲に調整しておく。反応溶液のpH値が7.0未満の場合には、Fe2+が残存するため工業的ではない。反応溶液のpH値が8.0を越える場合には、結晶性の高い黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子層が芯粒子の粒子表面に生成するため、この後の表面酸化処理が困難となる。
【0051】
芯粒子の粒子表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の生成反応が終了した後、反応溶液の前記pH値及び前記温度を維持した状態にて、微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化反応を行う。
【0052】
尚、芯粒子の生成において、必要により、鉄以外の金属元素で、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Tiから選ばれる1種又は2種以上の金属元素の金属塩を添加することにより、前記金属元素を含有させることができる。
【0053】
前記金属塩としては、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物等を使用することができる。
【0054】
前記金属塩の添加量は、総量としてFeに対して好ましくは0〜10原子%、より好ましくは0〜8原子%、さらに好ましくは0.01〜8原子%である。
【0055】
本発明における表面被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、表面層の酸化が終了した前記黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の水懸濁液にアルミニウム化合物又はケイ素化合物を添加して、水懸濁液のpH値を調整することによって粒子表面にアルミニウムの水酸化物、アルミニウムの酸化物、ケイ素の水酸化物及びケイ素の酸化物から選ばれる表面被覆物を被覆することができる。
【0056】
アルミニウム化合物としては、酢酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム等のアルミニウム塩や、アルミン酸ナトリウム等のアルミン酸アルカリ塩、アルミナゾル等が使用できる。
【0057】
ケイ素化合物としては、3号水ガラス、オルトケイ酸ナトリウム、メタケイ酸ナトリウム、コロイダルシリカ等が使用できる。
【0058】
本発明における表面被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は前記被覆処理をした後、圧縮、せん断及びへらなで作用を有する処理装置、例えばホイール型混練機又はらいかい機によって混練することが好ましい。
【0059】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の代表的な実施の形態は次の通りである。
【0060】
粒子の形状は、透過型電子顕微鏡及び走査型電子顕微鏡により観察したものである。
【0061】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の平均粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡により撮影した写真(倍率1万倍)を4倍に拡大して、300個についてマーチン径により求めた値である。
【0062】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の軸比は、前記の拡大した写真より300個について最長径と最短径を求め、その比(最長径/最短径)で示した。
【0063】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の表面からの深さの測定及びFeO含有量は、下記の化学分析法により求めた値で示した。
【0064】
2lのビーカーに1.2lのイオン交換水を入れて該水温が45℃になるように加温する。160mlのイオン交換水でスラリー化した黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末10gを別途用意した320mlのイオン交換水で洗浄しながら、該イオン交換水とともに前記2リットルビーカー中に加える。
【0065】
次いで、前記2lのビーカー中の溶液温度を40℃、攪拌速度を200rpmに保ちながら特級塩酸150mlを加え、溶解を開始する。この時の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の濃度は、5g/l、塩酸水溶液は約1規定になっている。
【0066】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の溶解開始から、溶液が透明になるまで5分毎に溶液の20mlを採取し、0.1μmメンブランフィルターで濾過し、濾液を採取する。
【0067】
採取した濾液の内10mlを「誘導結合プラズマ原子発光分光光度計 SPS−4000型」(セイコー電子工業(株)製)により、鉄元素の定量を行う。
【0068】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の鉄元素溶解率は、以下の計算式で算出した。
【0069】
鉄元素溶解率(%)=(採取サンプル中の鉄元素濃度(mg/l))/(完全に溶解した時の鉄元素の濃度(mg/l))×100
【0070】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の粒子半径に対する厚さは、上記鉄元素溶解率を用いて算出した。
【0071】
次いで、各採取サンプルのFeO含有量は、上記の残りの濾液10mlに、イオン交換水約50mlを加えて試料を調整し、該試料に指示薬としてジフェニルアミンスルホン酸を2〜3滴加えて、0.1Nの重クロム酸カリウム水溶液を用いて酸化還元滴定し、該試料が青紫に着色したところを終点として滴定量を求め、下記式によりFeOの鉄元素に対する比率(重量%)を求めた。
【0072】
FeO(重量%)=((FeOの原子量:71.85)×0.1×滴定量(ml))/(サンプル中の鉄元素重量(mg))×100
【0073】
表面近傍層のFeO含有量としては、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の粒子表面から粒子半径に対して3.5%に相当する厚さまでに含有されるFeO含有量を該部分に含有されるFe量に対する割合(重量%)で求めた。
【0074】
なお、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末全体のFeO含有量は、下記の化学分析法により求めた値で示した。
【0075】
即ち、不活性ガス雰囲気下において、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末約0.5gを精秤し、リン酸:硫酸が2:1の割合である混合溶液25ccを添加して溶解する。黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を溶解した溶液を希釈し、該希釈溶液に指示薬としてジフェニルアミンスルホン酸を数滴加えた後、重クロム酸カリウム水溶液を用いた酸化還元滴定を行った。上記希釈液が紫色を呈した時を終点とし、該終点に至るまでに使用した重クロム酸カリウム水溶液の量から計算して求めた。
【0076】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末のBET比表面積値は、「Mono Sorb MS−II」(湯浅アイオニックス(株)製)を用いBET法により求めた。
【0077】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の磁気特性は、「振動試料型磁力計 VSM−3S−15」(東英工業(株)製)を用いて外部磁場10kOe下で測定した値で示した。
【0078】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の可溶性ナトリウム塩の含有量は、「誘導結合プラズマ原子発光分光光度計 SPS−4000型」(セイコー電子工業(株)製)で測定した値で示した。
【0079】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の黒色度aは、測定用試料片を「多光源分光測色計MSC−IS−2D」(スガ試験機(株)製)を用いてHunterのLab空間によりL値、a値、b値をそれぞれ測色し、国際照明委員会(Commission Internatinal e de l’Eclairage、CIE)1976(L、a、b)均等知覚色空間に従って表示した値で示した。aが0に近づく程黒色度に優れた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末となる。
【0080】
アルミニウム化合物又はケイ素化合物で表面被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の被覆量は、「蛍光X線分析装置3063M型」(理学電機工業(株)製)にて測定し、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末に対してAl換算又はSiO換算で求めた値である。
【0081】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電量が飽和する時間は、下記測定法によって測定した。
【0082】
即ち、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末0.5gと鉄粉キヤリア(パウダーテック社製TEFV−200/300)4.75gとを内容積が15ccのガラス製のサンプル瓶に精秤し、ペイントコンデショナーを用いて摩擦帯電させ、「ブローオフ帯電量測定装置」(東芝ケミカル社製)を用いて摩擦帯電量を測定した。この時のペイントコンデショナーを用いて摩擦帯電させた時間と摩擦帯電量をグラフにして帯電量が安定した時間を帯電量が飽和する時間とした。
【0083】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電量が飽和する時間が短い程、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の電気的特性が良好になることに起因して、磁性トナーの帯電性能が向上する。
【0084】
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散度は、顔料試験法 JIS K−5101−1991のふるい残分の測定法に従って、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末10gについて3回測定し、測定した値の平均値で示した。
【0085】
磁性トナー中の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を下記混合割合でヘンシェルミキサーにより混合し、二軸押し出し混練機(栗本鉄鋼社製 商品名:S−1)を用いて溶融混練した。混練物を冷却後、次いで微粉砕した。さらに、これを分級して体積平均粒子径が8〜10μm(コルターカウンター社製 商品名:Multisizer IIで測定)の磁性トナーを製造した。得られた磁性トナー100重量部に対して疎水性シリカ微粉末(日本アエロジル社製 商品名:RX−200)0.5重量部を外添処理し、磁性トナーを得た。
【0086】
スチレン−アクリル系共重合樹脂: 100重量部、
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末: 60重量部、
負帯電制御剤: 0.5重量部、
低分子量ワックス: 5重量部。
【0087】
得られた磁性トナーをウルトラミクロトーム(RESEACH MANFACTURING社製 商品名:MT2C)を用いてスライスし、その断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(倍率10000倍)で観察し、視野内の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の凝集状態を観察し、4段階で評価した。凝集物が少ないほど分散性が良いことを示す。

Figure 0004656266
【0088】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を用いた磁性トナーの画像濃度は、磁性トナーをレーザービームプリンター(キヤノン製 商品名レーザーショットLBP−B406E)を用いてベタ黒(A4)を印刷し、そのベタ黒の画像濃度をRD914(商品名、MACBETH社製)で測定した。
【0089】
磁性トナーの帯電量分布は、帯電量分布測定装置(E−イーストパーアナライザー:商品名)(細川ミクロン社製)を用いて測定した。得られた帯電量分布から、参考例を基準(○)として、よりシャープな場合には◎とした。
【0090】
磁性トナーのカブリの程度は、前記画像濃度を測定したベタ黒の印刷物をルーペにて拡大して観察した。観察結果は参考例を基準(○)として、よりシャープな場合には◎とした。
【0091】
<黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の製造>
硫酸第一鉄溶液(Fe2+の濃度;1.723mol/l、比重;1.248g/cc、Fe3+/Fe2+=0.7(mol%))31.942kg、NaOH(18.5N)4.806l(当量比=0.95)および水17.396lとを反応させて水酸化第一鉄コロイドを含む第一鉄塩反応溶液を得た。次いで、90℃に維持して空気を吹き込んで黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子の芯粒子の生成反応を行った。生成反応中の反応溶液のpH値は6.7であった。
【0092】
芯粒子の生成反応が終了(NaOHがなくなった)したところで、反応溶液のpH値が4.2に低下した。
【0093】
反応溶液のpH値が4.2の状態で、30分間空気酸化を行い、芯粒子の表面酸化を行った。
【0094】
次いで、反応溶液のpH値が7.8になるように前記NaOHを添加し、残った硫酸第一鉄の微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の生成反応を行った。
【0095】
芯粒子の表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の生成反応が終了したところで、反応溶液のpH値が7.8の状態のまま、引き続き、微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化を1時間行った。
【0096】
表面層の酸化反応終了の後、濃縮、水洗、乾燥を行って、ホイール型混練機でほぐして黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得た。得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、約2.5kgであった。
【0097】
得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、平均粒子径が0.20μm、軸比が1.1、BET比表面積が8.0m/g、保磁力が5.17kA/m(65.0Oe)、飽和磁化値が83.5Am/kg(83.5emu/g)、表面近傍層のFeO含有量が10.7重量%、表面近傍層を除く中心部のFeO含有量が31.0重量%、粒子全体のFeO含有量が20.8、表面層の厚さが17.2Å、表面近傍層の厚さが34.5Å(粒子半径に対して3.5%)、黒色度aが+0.5、分散性(44μmメッシュ残)が0%、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電量が飽和する時間は5分であった。
【0098】
なお、得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の溶解率と粒子表面からの厚さの関係を図1に示す。
【0099】
得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を用いて磁性トナーを製造した場合、磁性トナー中の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性は◎、初期画像は1.55であった。
【0100】
【作用】
先ず、本発明において最も重要な点は、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面近傍層の厚さを特定し、且つ、該表面近傍層のFeO含有量が表面近傍層のFe量に対して8〜14重量%であることにより、十分な黒色度を有し、分散性及び電気的特性に優れた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が得られるという事実である。
【0101】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が十分な黒色度を有するのは、表面近傍層のFeO含有量を少なくし、表面近傍層を除く粒子の中心部分のFeO含有量が高いことによって、粒子全体では十分なFeO含有量を有するためと本発明者は考えている。
【0102】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が分散性に優れるのは、表面近傍層のFeO含有量が少ないことにより、表面近傍層の磁化値が低くなり粒子間の磁気相互作用が小さくなり、粒子間の磁気的凝集が抑制され、個々の粒子が独立しているためと本発明者は考えている。また、粒子表面がアルミニウム化合物又はケイ素化合物で被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末がより分散性に優れるのは、磁気的凝集が抑制されているのに加えて、樹脂とのなじみがよくなるためである。
【0103】
更に、本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末が電気的特性に優れるのは、表面近傍層の厚さを特定し、且つ、表面近傍層のFeO含有量を表面近傍層のFe量に対して8〜14重量%とすることにより、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の電気抵抗値が高くなり、電気的特性が向上しているものと本発明者は考えている。
【0104】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を用いた磁性トナーが帯電特性に優れるのは、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の表面近傍層中のFeO含有量が少ないことによって、表面近傍層の電気抵抗値が高くなり、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電がリークしにくくなるため、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の帯電量飽和時間が短くなることによるものと考えている。
【0105】
【実施例】
次に実施例及び比較例を挙げる。
【0106】
実施例1〜8、比較例1〜5
芯粒子生成時のアルカリ性水溶液の種類、アルカリ当量比、Fe3+とFe の割合、pH値、芯粒子の表面酸化時の反応時間、微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の形成時のアルカリ性水溶液の種類、反応溶液のpH値及び表面層酸化の反応時間を種々変化させた以外は前記発明の実施の形態と同様にして黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得た。
【0107】
この時の主要製造条件を表1に、得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
【0108】
実施例9
表面層の酸化処理が終わった黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子の水洗する時間を短くした以外は実施例1と同様にして黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得た。
【0109】
この時の主要製造条件を表1に、得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
【0110】
比較例6(乾式処理による表面酸化)
比較例1で得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を空気中、110℃で1時間の条件で酸化処理を行った。
【0111】
この時の主要製造条件を表1に、得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
【0112】
【表1】
Figure 0004656266
【0113】
【表2】
Figure 0004656266
【0114】
使用例1〜9、比較使用例1〜6
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の種類を変えた以外は、発明の実施の形態と同様にして磁性トナーを得た。
【0115】
得られた磁性トナーの諸特性を表3に示す。
【0116】
【表3】
Figure 0004656266
【0117】
実施例10(アルミニウム化合物による表面被覆)
前記発明の実施の形態で得られた微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化反応が終了したpH値が8.0の反応溶液に、硫酸アルミニウム溶液を添加し、約10分間撹拌の後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加して反応溶液のpH値を7.0に調整した。この状態で30分間保持した後、水洗して粒子表面がアルミニウム化合物によって被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得た。
【0118】
このときの製造条件及び得られた黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の諸特性を表4に示す。
【0119】
実施例11〜14
表面被覆層の種類、添加量を種々変化させた以外は前記実施例10と同様にして表面被覆された黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を得た。
【0120】
このときの製造条件及び得られた粒子粉末の諸特性を表4に示す。尚、表4中の表面被覆物の種類のうちAは水酸化アルミニウム、Sはシリカ(SiO)を表す。また、帯電量は、帯電量が安定したときの値を示した。
【0121】
【表4】
Figure 0004656266
【0122】
使用例10〜14、参考使用例1
黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の種類を変えた以外は、発明の実施の形態と同様にして磁性トナーを得た。
【0123】
得られた磁性トナーの諸特性を表5に示す。
【0124】
【表5】
Figure 0004656266
【0125】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末は、十分な黒色度を有し、分散性及び電気的特性に優れているので、磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末として好適である。
【0126】
本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末を用いた磁性トナーは、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の分散性及び電気的特性が優れていることにより、帯電性能に優れた磁性トナーが得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】発明の実施の形態で得られた本発明に係る黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末のFeの溶解率と表面からの厚さの関係を表したものである。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner having sufficient blackness and excellent dispersibility and electrical characteristics, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as one of the electrostatic latent image developing methods, a so-called one-component system in which composite particles obtained by mixing and dispersing black magnetic iron oxide particles such as magnetite particles in a resin without using a carrier are used as a developer. Development methods using magnetic toner are widely known and widely used.
[0003]
Recently, with the increase in speed and image quality of laser beam printers and digital copiers, there has been a strong demand for improvement in the characteristics of magnetic toner as a developer. To that end, the charging performance of magnetic toner has been improved. Strongly required.
[0004]
Since the charging performance of the magnetic toner has a close relationship with the electrical characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, there is a strong demand for black magnetic iron oxide particle powder having excellent electrical characteristics.
[0005]
Therefore, further improvement of the characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is required in order to improve the charging performance of the magnetic toner.
[0006]
In other words, in order to obtain a magnetic toner with excellent charging performance, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder must have sufficient blackness, improved dispersibility, and better electrical characteristics. Has been.
[0007]
The blackness of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is “powder and powder metallurgy” Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 239-240. “The degree of blackness of the sample depends on the Fe (II) content and the average particle size. The powder having a diameter of 0.2 μm is a bluish black powder, and is most suitable as a black pigment .... When the Fe (II) content is 10% or more, a slight difference is observed in the blackness, but the sample Each sample changes from black to reddish brown when the Fe (II) content is reduced to 10% or less. ”As described,“ 0.1 to 0.5 μm used for magnetic toner. In the case of about black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, mainly Fe2+It is known that it depends on the (FeO) content. Therefore, there is a demand for black magnetic iron oxide particles having a high FeO content and high blackness.
[0008]
Since the dispersibility of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder greatly depends on the surface state of the particle powder, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is coated with a silicon compound or an aluminum compound to coat the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder. Attempts have been made to improve the dispersibility by improving the particle surface of the particle powder. Further, since the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is a fine particle, it tends to cause magnetic agglomeration and lowers the mixing property with the resin, so that it is required to suppress it.
[0009]
The charging performance of the magnetic toner largely depends on the surface state of the black magnetic iron oxide particles exposed on the magnetic toner surface. In particular, since FeO in the black magnetic iron oxide particles lowers the electric resistance as a magnetic toner, the content and the distribution in the particles greatly influence the charging performance of the magnetic toner. This fact is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-338971. “The distribution state of Fe (II) in the surface layer of magnetic iron oxide is different from the FeO content in magnetic iron oxide, and the friction withstand power in various environments of toner. It contributes to the stability of ... "as described.
[0010]
As described above, in order to improve the dispersibility and electrical characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, it is necessary to optimize the FeO content and the presence state of the surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder.
[0011]
Conventionally, attempts have been made to improve dispersibility and electrical characteristics by specifying the FeO content in the black magnetic iron oxide particles (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-189646 and 3-201509). JP-A-4-338971, JP-A-4-141664, JP-A-11-30877, etc.).
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toners having sufficient blackness and excellent dispersibility and electrical characteristics is currently the most demanded, but the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder satisfying the above characteristics is still in demand. Not obtained.
[0013]
That is, the method described in the above-mentioned publications specifies the FeO content of the entire black magnetic iron oxide particle powder (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-189646, 3-201509, 11-30877). The surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is specified so that the FeO content increases from the surface toward the center (JP-A-4-338971, JP-A-4-141664). The FeO content of the layer is large, and it is difficult to say that the electric characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder are sufficient.
[0014]
In addition, the method described in each of the above-mentioned publications adjusts the FeO content within a specific range by controlling the drying atmosphere and the drying temperature in the drying step of manufacturing the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, and by dry processing. However, it is difficult to obtain black magnetic iron oxide particles having a small FeO content only in the surface layer.
[0015]
Accordingly, it is a technical object of the present invention to improve the dispersibility and electrical characteristics of black magnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic toner.
[0016]
[Means for solving the problems]
The technical problem can be achieved by the present invention as follows.
[0017]
That is, in the present invention, a surface layer composed of fine spinel iron oxide particles is formed on the surface of the black spinel iron oxide particles that are the core particles, and the surface layer has a surface radius with respect to the particle radius. The FeO content in the near-surface layer having a thickness corresponding to 3.5% is composed of black magnetic iron oxide particles having 8 to 14% by weight with respect to the Fe content contained in the near-surface layer,The average FeO content of the entire black magnetic iron oxide particles is 18.0 to 22.5% by weight,A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner, having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 μm (Invention 1).
[0018]
Further, in the present invention, the surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder of the present invention 1 is a surface comprising at least one selected from aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, silicon hydroxide and silicon oxide. A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner, characterized by being coated with a coating (Invention 2).
[0019]
The present invention also provides an aqueous ferrous salt solution and Fe in the aqueous ferrous salt solution.2+A black spinel-type iron oxide particle is produced as a core particle by bubbling an oxygen-containing gas into a ferrous salt reaction aqueous solution containing a ferrous hydroxide colloid obtained by reacting with an alkaline aqueous solution less than the equivalent amount Subsequently, oxygen-containing gas was passed through the reaction solution having a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 to oxidize the surface of the core particles, and then an alkali hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the reaction solution after completion of the surface oxidation of the core particles. After adding and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to 7.0 to 8.0, fine spinel type oxidation is generated by aeration of oxygen-containing gas to generate fine spinel type iron oxide particles on the surface of the core particles. The above black toner for magnetic toner, wherein a surface layer composed of iron particles is formed, and subsequently, an oxygen-containing gas is passed through the reaction solution to oxidize the surface layer composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles. Magnetic iron oxide particles of powder It is a concrete method.
[0020]
Next, the configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail as follows.
[0021]
First, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention will be described.
[0022]
In the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention, a surface layer composed of fine spinel iron oxide particles is formed on the surface of black spinel iron oxide particles that are core particles, and particles are formed from the surface of the surface layer. It consists of black magnetic iron oxide particles whose FeO content in the near-surface layer having a thickness corresponding to 3.5% of the radius is 8 to 14% by weight with respect to the Fe content in the near-surface layer.
[0023]
The near-surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is the surface oxidized portion of the black spinel iron oxide particles that are the core particles and the fine oxidized spinel formed on the surface of the core particles. And a surface layer made of type iron oxide particles. The near-surface layer has a thickness corresponding to 3.5% with respect to the particle radius from the surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particles.
[0024]
When the thickness of the surface vicinity layer is thinner than the above range, the electrical characteristics are deteriorated, which is not preferable. When the thickness exceeds the above range, sufficient blackness and magnetic properties cannot be obtained as black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner.
[0025]
The near-surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is, for example, a portion from the surface to about 35 mm when the particle diameter of the black magnetic iron oxide particles is 0.2 μm.
[0026]
The FeO content of the near-surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is 8 to 14% by weight with respect to the Fe content contained in the near-surface layer. When the amount is less than 8% by weight, black magnetic iron oxide particle powder having sufficient blackness cannot be obtained. When it exceeds 14% by weight, the electrical characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particles are lowered, and the charging performance of the magnetic toner is lowered. Preferably it is 9-13 weight%.
[0027]
The FeO content in the central portion excluding the near-surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is preferably 27 to 34% by weight. More preferably, it is 28 to 33% by weight.
[0028]
The average FeO content of the whole black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is preferably 18.0 to 22.5% by weight.
[0029]
The black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention have an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.3 μm. When the thickness is less than 0.1 μm, the cohesive force between the black magnetic iron oxide particles is large and dispersion becomes difficult. When it exceeds 0.3 μm, the number of black magnetic iron oxide particles contained in one magnetic toner particle decreases, and the distribution of black magnetic iron oxide particles tends to be biased for each magnetic toner particle. The uniformity of the charging performance of the magnetic toner is impaired. Preferably, it is 0.15-0.25 micrometer.
[0030]
The black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention are magnetite particles ((FeO)).x・ Fe2O30 <x ≦ 1), and may contain one or more metal elements selected from metal elements other than iron, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mg, Co, and Ti, if necessary.
[0031]
The black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention preferably have an axial ratio (average longest diameter / average shortest diameter) of less than 1.4. When the axial ratio is 1.4 or more, the coercive force is increased, and the magnetic cohesive force is increased. More preferably, it is 1.3 or less.
[0032]
The BET specific surface area value of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is 5 to 15 m.2/ G is preferred. More preferably 6.0-12.0m2/ G.
[0033]
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention has a saturation magnetization value of 81.0 to 86.0 Am.2/ Kg (81.0-86.0 emu / g) is preferred. More preferably, 82.0-85.0 Am2/ Kg (82.0-85.0 emu / g).
[0034]
The content of the soluble sodium salt in the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is preferably 100 ppm or less. More preferably, it is 50 ppm or less.
[0035]
The black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention have a blackness a*Is preferably +1.0 or less. More preferably, it is +0.8 or less.
[0036]
The dispersion degree of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is preferably 10% or less with the remaining 44 μm mesh. More preferably, it is 6% or less.
[0037]
The time for which the charge amount of the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention is saturated is preferably 20 minutes or less. More preferably, it is 15 minutes or less.
[0038]
In addition, the black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention may have a surface coating comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, silicon hydroxide and silicon oxide if necessary. Hereinafter, it is preferable to coat with "surface coating". By covering with a surface coating, familiarity with the resin is improved and dispersibility is further improved.
[0039]
The coating amount of aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide is preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight as Al element with respect to the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder. When it is less than 0.01% by weight, the surface covering effect cannot be obtained. When it exceeds 0.5% by weight, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder coated with the aluminum compound has high hygroscopicity, so that the electrical characteristics are deteriorated. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.3 weight%.
[0040]
The coating amount of silicon hydroxide or silicon oxide is the same as that of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder.2It is preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight in terms of conversion. When it is less than 0.01% by weight, the surface covering effect cannot be obtained. When it exceeds 0.5% by weight, the hygroscopicity of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder coated with the silicon compound is increased, so that the electrical characteristics are deteriorated. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.3 weight%.
[0041]
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder coated with the surface coating has almost the same particle size, axial ratio, FeO content, soluble sodium content and black color as the uncoated black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention. Have a degree.
[0042]
Next, a method for producing black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention will be described.
[0043]
Ferrous salt aqueous solution and Fe in the ferrous salt aqueous solution2+A black ferrous salt reaction aqueous solution containing ferrous hydroxide salt colloid obtained by reacting with an alkaline aqueous solution of less than an equivalent amount to 70 ° C. while ventilating an oxygen-containing gas while heating it to a temperature range of 70 to 100 ° C. Subsequently, the surface of the core particle is oxidized by passing an oxygen-containing gas through a reaction solution having a pH of 4.0 to 5.0, in which the core particle composed of spinel iron oxide particles is generated. An aqueous alkali hydroxide solution is added to the reaction solution after completion of oxidation to adjust the pH value to 7.0 to 8.0, and then the oxygen-containing gas is vented while heating the reaction solution to a temperature range of 70 to 100 ° C. Then, fine spinel-type iron oxide particles are formed on the surface of the core particles to form a surface layer made of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles. Spinel-type iron oxide particles Obtaining black magnetic iron oxide particles having an average particle diameter 0.1~0.3μm by performing oxidation of Ranaru surface layer.
[0044]
As the ferrous salt aqueous solution in the present invention, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, ferrous chloride aqueous solution and the like can be used.
[0045]
Examples of the alkali hydroxide aqueous solution in the present invention include an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, An aqueous alkali carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate, aqueous ammonia, or the like can be used.
[0046]
The amount of the aqueous alkali hydroxide solution used in the core particle formation reaction is the amount of Fe in the aqueous ferrous salt solution.2+It is 0.90-0.99 equivalent with respect to. When the amount is less than 0.90 equivalent, the surface layer composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles to be formed later becomes thick, so that black magnetic iron oxide particle powder having sufficient blackness cannot be obtained. When the amount exceeds 0.99 equivalent, the surface layer becomes thin, and black magnetic iron oxide particles having excellent electrical characteristics cannot be obtained. Preferably it is the range of 0.90-0.97 equivalent.
[0047]
The reaction temperature range in the core particle formation reaction is 70 to 100 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 70 ° C., acicular goethite particles are mixed. Even when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., black spinel iron oxide particles are produced, but it is not industrially easy because an apparatus such as an autoclave is required.
[0048]
The oxidizing means is performed by venting an oxygen-containing gas (for example, air) into the liquid.
[0049]
In addition, the pH value of the reaction solution in which the core particle formation reaction is completed is 4.0 to 5.0. The surface oxidation of the core particles is performed in a temperature range of 70 to 100 ° C.
[0050]
After the surface oxidation reaction of the core particles, an alkali hydroxide aqueous solution is added to the reaction solution containing the core particles to adjust the pH value of the reaction solution to 7.0 to 8.0, more preferably pH 7.5 to 8.0. Adjust to the range. When the pH value of the reaction solution is less than 7.0, Fe2+Is not industrial because it remains. When the pH value of the reaction solution exceeds 8.0, a black spinel-type iron oxide particle layer having high crystallinity is formed on the particle surface of the core particle, so that subsequent surface oxidation treatment becomes difficult.
[0051]
After completion of the formation reaction of the surface layer composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles on the surface of the core particle, the fine particle is composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles while maintaining the pH value and the temperature of the reaction solution. Oxidation reaction of the surface layer is performed.
[0052]
In addition, in the production of the core particles, if necessary, by adding a metal salt of one or more metal elements selected from Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Ti as a metal element other than iron, the metal Elements can be included.
[0053]
As the metal salt, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and the like can be used.
[0054]
The total amount of the metal salt added is preferably 0 to 10 atomic%, more preferably 0 to 8 atomic%, and still more preferably 0.01 to 8 atomic% with respect to Fe.
[0055]
The surface-coated black magnetic iron oxide particle powder in the present invention is obtained by adding an aluminum compound or a silicon compound to an aqueous suspension of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder whose surface layer has been oxidized. By adjusting the pH value, the surface of the particles can be coated with a surface coating selected from aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, silicon hydroxide and silicon oxide.
[0056]
As the aluminum compound, aluminum salts such as aluminum acetate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, and aluminum nitrate, alkali aluminates such as sodium aluminate, alumina sol, and the like can be used.
[0057]
As the silicon compound, No. 3 water glass, sodium orthosilicate, sodium metasilicate, colloidal silica and the like can be used.
[0058]
The surface-coated black magnetic iron oxide particle powder in the present invention is preferably kneaded by a treatment apparatus having an action of compression, shearing and spatula, for example, a wheel-type kneader or a kneader after the coating treatment.
[0059]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A typical embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
[0060]
The shape of the particles was observed with a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
[0061]
The average particle diameter of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is a value obtained by magnifying a photograph taken with a transmission electron microscope (magnification 10,000 times) four times by the Martin diameter for 300 pieces.
[0062]
The axial ratio of the black magnetic iron oxide particles was obtained by obtaining the longest diameter and the shortest diameter for 300 particles from the enlarged photograph, and indicating the ratio (longest diameter / shortest diameter).
[0063]
The measurement of the depth from the surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particles and the FeO content were shown by values obtained by the following chemical analysis method.
[0064]
Add 1.2 l of ion-exchanged water to a 2 l beaker and warm the water to 45 ° C. While washing with 320 ml of ion-exchanged water separately prepared, 10 g of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder slurried with 160 ml of ion-exchanged water is added to the 2 liter beaker.
[0065]
Next, 150 ml of special grade hydrochloric acid is added while maintaining the solution temperature in the 2 liter beaker at 40 ° C. and the stirring speed at 200 rpm, and dissolution is started. At this time, the concentration of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is 5 g / l, and the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is about 1 N.
[0066]
From the start of dissolution of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, 20 ml of the solution is collected every 5 minutes until the solution becomes transparent, filtered through a 0.1 μm membrane filter, and the filtrate is collected.
[0067]
Ten ml of the collected filtrate is quantified with an “inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer SPS-4000 type” (manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
[0068]
The iron element dissolution rate of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was calculated by the following calculation formula.
[0069]
Iron element dissolution rate (%) = (iron element concentration in sample collected (mg / l)) / (iron element concentration when completely dissolved (mg / l)) × 100
[0070]
The thickness of the black magnetic iron oxide particles with respect to the particle radius was calculated using the iron element dissolution rate.
[0071]
Next, the FeO content of each collected sample was adjusted by adding about 50 ml of ion exchange water to 10 ml of the remaining filtrate, adding 2-3 drops of diphenylamine sulfonic acid as an indicator to the sample, and adding 0. Redox titration was performed using a 1N potassium dichromate aqueous solution, and the titration was determined with the sample colored blue-violet, and the ratio (% by weight) of FeO to iron element was determined by the following formula.
[0072]
FeO (wt%) = ((Atom weight of FeO: 71.85) × 0.1 × Titration (ml)) / (Weight of iron element in sample (mg)) × 100
[0073]
As the FeO content of the near-surface layer, the FeO content contained from the particle surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particles to a thickness corresponding to 3.5% with respect to the particle radius is based on the Fe content contained in the portion. It calculated | required by the ratio (weight%).
[0074]
In addition, FeO content of the whole black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was shown by the value calculated | required by the following chemical analysis method.
[0075]
That is, in an inert gas atmosphere, about 0.5 g of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is precisely weighed, and 25 cc of a mixed solution having a 2: 1 ratio of phosphoric acid: sulfuric acid is added and dissolved. The solution in which the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was dissolved was diluted, and after adding several drops of diphenylamine sulfonic acid as an indicator to the diluted solution, oxidation-reduction titration using an aqueous potassium dichromate solution was performed. The end point was when the diluted solution was purple, and the amount was calculated from the amount of the aqueous potassium dichromate solution used to reach the end point.
[0076]
The BET specific surface area value of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was determined by BET method using “Mono Sorb MS-II” (manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.).
[0077]
The magnetic properties of the black magnetic iron oxide particles were shown by values measured under an external magnetic field of 10 kOe using a “vibrating sample magnetometer VSM-3S-15” (manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd.).
[0078]
The content of the soluble sodium salt in the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was indicated by a value measured with an “inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer SPS-4000 type” (manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd.).
[0079]
Blackness a of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder*Uses a multi-light source spectrocolorimeter MSC-IS-2D (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) to measure the sample piece for measurement in the Hunter Lab space.*Value, a*Value, b*Each value was measured and the International Commission on Illumination (CIIE) 1976 (L*, A*, B*) The values are shown according to the uniform perceptual color space. a*As the value approaches 0, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is improved in blackness.
[0080]
The coating amount of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder surface-coated with an aluminum compound or silicon compound was measured with a “fluorescent X-ray analyzer 3063M type” (manufactured by Rigaku Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Al conversion or SiO2It is a value obtained by conversion.
[0081]
The time for which the charge amount of the black magnetic iron oxide particles was saturated was measured by the following measurement method.
[0082]
That is, 0.5 g of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder and 4.75 g of iron powder carrier (TEFV-200 / 300 manufactured by Powder Tech Co., Ltd.) are precisely weighed in a glass sample bottle having an internal volume of 15 cc, and a paint conditioner is used. The triboelectric charge was then measured, and the triboelectric charge amount was measured using a “blow-off charge amount measuring device” (manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Corporation). The time when the triboelectric charging was performed using the paint conditioner at this time and the triboelectric charge amount were graphed, and the time when the charge amount was stabilized was defined as the time when the charge amount was saturated.
[0083]
The shorter the time for which the charge amount of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is saturated, the better the electrical characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, and the better the charging performance of the magnetic toner.
[0084]
The degree of dispersion of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was measured three times for 10 g of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the method for measuring the sieve residue of the pigment test method JIS K-5101-1991, and is shown as an average value of the measured values. It was.
[0085]
The dispersibility of the black magnetic iron oxide particles in the magnetic toner is determined by mixing the black magnetic iron oxide particles with a Henschel mixer at the following mixing ratio, and using a biaxial extrusion kneader (trade name: S-1 manufactured by Kurimoto Steel). Used and melt-kneaded. The kneaded product was cooled and then pulverized. Further, this was classified to produce a magnetic toner having a volume average particle diameter of 8 to 10 μm (trade name: measured by Multisizer II, manufactured by Coulter Counter). 0.5 parts by weight of hydrophobic silica fine powder (trade name: RX-200 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was externally added to 100 parts by weight of the obtained magnetic toner to obtain a magnetic toner.
[0086]
Styrene-acrylic copolymer resin: 100 parts by weight,
Black magnetic iron oxide particle powder: 60 parts by weight
Negative charge control agent: 0.5 part by weight
Low molecular weight wax: 5 parts by weight.
[0087]
The obtained magnetic toner was sliced using an ultramicrotome (trade name: MT2C manufactured by RESEACH MANFACTURER), and the cross section was observed with a transmission electron microscope (magnification 10,000 times). The aggregation state was observed and evaluated in four stages. It shows that dispersibility is so good that there are few aggregates.
Figure 0004656266
[0088]
The image density of the magnetic toner using the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is obtained by printing solid black (A4) on the magnetic toner using a laser beam printer (trade name Laser Shot LBP-B406E manufactured by Canon Inc.) The solid black image density was measured with RD914 (trade name, manufactured by MACBETH).
[0089]
The charge amount distribution of the magnetic toner was measured using a charge amount distribution measuring apparatus (E-East Peranalyzer: trade name) (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation). From the obtained charge amount distribution, the reference example was set as a reference (◯), and “◎” was given when it was sharper.
[0090]
The degree of fogging of the magnetic toner was observed by magnifying the solid black print with the image density measured with a magnifying glass. The observation results were marked with a reference example as a reference (◯), and as ◎ when sharper.
[0091]
<Production of black magnetic iron oxide particle powder>
Ferrous sulfate solution (Fe2+Concentration: 1.723 mol / l, specific gravity: 1.248 g / cc, Fe3+/ Fe2+= 0.7 (mol%)) 31.942 kg, NaOH (18.5 N) 4.806 l (equivalent ratio = 0.95) and 17.396 l of water are reacted to give a ferrous hydroxide colloid containing An iron salt reaction solution was obtained. Subsequently, air was blown while maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C., and the core spin particles of iron oxide particles were produced. The pH value of the reaction solution during the production reaction was 6.7.
[0092]
When the core particle formation reaction was completed (NaOH disappeared), the pH value of the reaction solution decreased to 4.2.
[0093]
With the reaction solution having a pH value of 4.2, air oxidation was performed for 30 minutes to oxidize the core particles.
[0094]
Next, the NaOH was added so that the pH value of the reaction solution was 7.8, and the formation reaction of the surface layer composed of the fine spinel-type iron oxide particles of the remaining ferrous sulfate was performed.
[0095]
When the formation reaction of the surface layer composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles is completed on the surface of the core particle, the surface composed of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles is continued with the pH value of the reaction solution being 7.8. The layer was oxidized for 1 hour.
[0096]
After completion of the oxidation reaction of the surface layer, concentration, washing with water and drying were carried out and loosened with a wheel-type kneader to obtain black magnetic iron oxide particles. The obtained black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was about 2.5 kg.
[0097]
The obtained black magnetic iron oxide particle powder has an average particle diameter of 0.20 μm, an axial ratio of 1.1, and a BET specific surface area of 8.0 m.2/ G, coercive force 5.17 kA / m (65.0 Oe), saturation magnetization 83.5 Am2/ Kg (83.5 emu / g), the FeO content in the near-surface layer is 10.7 wt%, the FeO content in the central portion excluding the near-surface layer is 31.0 wt%, and the FeO content in the entire particle is 20 .8, surface layer thickness of 17.2 mm, surface layer thickness of 34.5 mm (3.5% with respect to particle radius), blackness a*Was +0.5, the dispersibility (44 μm mesh remaining) was 0%, and the charging time of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was saturated for 5 minutes.
[0098]
In addition, the relationship between the dissolution rate of the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particle powder and the thickness from the particle surface is shown in FIG.
[0099]
When a magnetic toner was produced using the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, the dispersibility of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder in the magnetic toner was ◎, and the initial image was 1.55.
[0100]
[Action]
First, the most important point in the present invention is to specify the thickness of the near-surface layer of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, and the FeO content of the near-surface layer is 8 to This is the fact that a black magnetic iron oxide particle powder having sufficient blackness and excellent dispersibility and electrical characteristics can be obtained by being 14% by weight.
[0101]
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention has sufficient blackness because the FeO content in the near surface layer is reduced and the FeO content in the central portion of the particle excluding the near surface layer is high. The inventor believes that the overall content of FeO is sufficient.
[0102]
The reason why the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is excellent in dispersibility is that the FeO content in the near surface layer is small, the magnetization value in the near surface layer is lowered, and the magnetic interaction between the particles is reduced. The present inventor believes that the magnetic agglomeration is suppressed and the individual particles are independent. Moreover, the reason why the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder whose particle surface is coated with an aluminum compound or a silicon compound is more dispersible is that the magnetic agglomeration is suppressed and the familiarity with the resin is improved. is there.
[0103]
Furthermore, the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is excellent in electrical characteristics because it specifies the thickness of the near-surface layer and the FeO content of the near-surface layer with respect to the Fe amount of the near-surface layer. The present inventors consider that the electric resistance value of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is increased and the electrical characteristics are improved by setting the content to 8 to 14% by weight.
[0104]
The magnetic toner using the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is excellent in charging characteristics because the FeO content in the layer near the surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is small, and the electric resistance value of the layer near the surface And the charging of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder is less likely to leak, which is considered to be due to the shortened charging time of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder.
[0105]
【Example】
Next, examples and comparative examples are given.
[0106]
Examples 1-8, Comparative Examples 1-5
Kind of alkaline aqueous solution at the time of core particle generation, alkali equivalent ratio, Fe3+And Fe2 +Ratio, pH value, reaction time during surface oxidation of core particles, various types of alkaline aqueous solution when forming a surface layer composed of fine spinel iron oxide particles, pH value of reaction solution and reaction time of surface layer oxidation A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was obtained in the same manner as in the embodiment of the present invention except that it was changed.
[0107]
The main production conditions at this time are shown in Table 1, and various characteristics of the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particles are shown in Table 2.
[0108]
Example 9
A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the time for washing the black magnetic iron oxide particles having been subjected to the oxidation treatment of the surface layer was shortened.
[0109]
The main production conditions at this time are shown in Table 1, and various characteristics of the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particles are shown in Table 2.
[0110]
Comparative Example 6 (Surface oxidation by dry treatment)
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 1 was oxidized in air at 110 ° C. for 1 hour.
[0111]
The main production conditions at this time are shown in Table 1, and various characteristics of the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particles are shown in Table 2.
[0112]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004656266
[0113]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004656266
[0114]
Use Examples 1-9, Comparative Use Examples 1-6
A magnetic toner was obtained in the same manner as in the embodiment of the invention except that the kind of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was changed.
[0115]
Table 3 shows various properties of the obtained magnetic toner.
[0116]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004656266
[0117]
Example 10 (Surface coating with aluminum compound)
An aluminum sulfate solution is added to the reaction solution having a pH value of 8.0 after completion of the oxidation reaction of the surface layer made of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles obtained in the embodiment of the present invention, and stirred for about 10 minutes. Thereafter, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to adjust the pH value of the reaction solution to 7.0. After being kept in this state for 30 minutes, it was washed with water to obtain black magnetic iron oxide particle powder whose particle surface was coated with an aluminum compound.
[0118]
Table 4 shows the production conditions and various properties of the obtained black magnetic iron oxide particles.
[0119]
Examples 11-14
A surface-coated black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the type and amount of the surface coating layer were variously changed.
[0120]
Table 4 shows the production conditions and various characteristics of the obtained particle powder. In Table 4, A is aluminum hydroxide, S is silica (SiO2). Further, the charge amount showed a value when the charge amount was stabilized.
[0121]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004656266
[0122]
Use example 10-14, reference use example 1
A magnetic toner was obtained in the same manner as in the embodiment of the invention except that the kind of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder was changed.
[0123]
Table 5 shows various characteristics of the obtained magnetic toner.
[0124]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004656266
[0125]
【The invention's effect】
The black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is suitable as a black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for a magnetic toner because it has sufficient blackness and is excellent in dispersibility and electrical characteristics.
[0126]
The magnetic toner using the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to the present invention is excellent in the dispersibility and electrical characteristics of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder, so that a magnetic toner having excellent charging performance can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the dissolution rate of Fe and the thickness from the surface of black magnetic iron oxide particles according to the present invention obtained in the embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (3)

芯粒子である黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子の粒子表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層が形成されており、且つ、該表面層の表面から粒子半径に対して3.5%に相当する厚さの表面近傍層におけるFeO含有量が該表面近傍層に含有されるFe量に対して8〜14重量%である黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子からなり、黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子全体の平均FeO含有量は18.0〜22.5重量%であり、平均粒子径が0.1〜0.3μmであることを特徴とする磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末。A surface layer made of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles is formed on the surface of black spinel-type iron oxide particles that are core particles, and the surface layer surface corresponds to 3.5% of the particle radius. Of the black magnetic iron oxide particles in which the FeO content in the surface vicinity layer having a thickness of 8 to 14% by weight with respect to the Fe content in the surface vicinity layer is included , and the average FeO content of the entire black magnetic iron oxide particles A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner, characterized in that the amount is 18.0 to 22.5% by weight and the average particle size is 0.1 to 0.3 μm. 請求項1記載の黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の粒子表面が、アルミニウムの水酸化物、アルミニウムの酸化物、ケイ素の水酸化物及びケイ素の酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一種からなる表面被覆物によって被覆されていることを特徴とする磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末。The particle surface of the black magnetic iron oxide particle powder according to claim 1 is coated with a surface coating made of at least one selected from aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, silicon hydroxide and silicon oxide. A black magnetic iron oxide particle powder for magnetic toner. 第一鉄塩水溶液と該第一鉄塩水溶液中のFe2+に対し当量未満のアルカリ性水溶液とを反応して得られた水酸化第一鉄塩コロイドを含む第一鉄塩反応水溶液に酸素含有ガスを通気して黒色スピネル型酸化鉄粒子を芯粒子として生成させたpH4.0〜5.0の反応溶液に、引き続き、酸素含有ガスを通気して該芯粒子の表面酸化を行い、次いで、当該芯粒子の表面酸化終了後の反応溶液に水酸化アルカリ水溶液を添加して反応溶液のpH値を7.0〜8.0に調整した後、酸素含有ガスを通気して当該芯粒子の表面に微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子を生成させて微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層を形成し、引き続き、該反応溶液に酸素含有ガスを通気して該微細なスピネル型酸化鉄粒子からなる表面層の酸化を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の磁性トナー用黒色磁性酸化鉄粒子粉末の製造法。An oxygen-containing gas in a ferrous salt reaction aqueous solution containing a ferrous hydroxide colloid obtained by reacting a ferrous salt aqueous solution with an alkaline aqueous solution less than an equivalent amount to Fe 2+ in the ferrous salt aqueous solution The reaction solution having a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 in which black spinel-type iron oxide particles are produced as core particles by aeration, and then oxygen-containing gas is ventilated to perform surface oxidation of the core particles. An aqueous alkali hydroxide solution is added to the reaction solution after the surface oxidation of the core particles to adjust the pH value of the reaction solution to 7.0 to 8.0, and then an oxygen-containing gas is passed through the surface of the core particles. A fine spinel-type iron oxide particle is formed to form a surface layer made of fine spinel-type iron oxide particles, and then a surface containing the fine spinel-type iron oxide particles by passing an oxygen-containing gas through the reaction solution. Characterized by the oxidation of the layer The method for producing black magnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic toner according to claim 1.
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JPH03201509A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-09-03 Toda Kogyo Corp Magnetite particle powder displaying hexahedron and manufacture thereof
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